4/30/2012 Instructional Objective: We will be able to detail the key events and people connected with the Rise of Chinese Nationalism, and Communism under Mao. Instructional Objective: We will be able to detail the key events and people connected with the Rise of Chinese Nationalism, and Communism under Mao. Key Question: Why was Mao against Nationalism in China? Key Question: Why was Mao against Nationalism in China? CCS: 2; 4 CCS: 2; 4 Homework: Hand in #1 (880 885; 890 893) Homework: Hand in #1 (880 885; 890 893) Hmwk #2: ( ; 916 919) for Wednesday Hmwk #2: ( ; 916 919) for Wednesday Chinese Nationalism Today we will look at how China became a Communist state Today we will look at how China became a Communist state We must look back all the way to the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 We must look back all the way to the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 Chinese Nationalism Treaty of Versailles 1919:. Treaty of Versailles 1919:. Chinese Nationalists sold out at Versailles Chinese Nationalists sold out at Versailles Conference gives Chinese land to Japan, its arch rival Conference gives Chinese land to Japan, its arch rival In reaction In reaction Chinese Nationalism May Fourth Movement: May Fourth Movement: students protested TOV students protested TOV Upset at Japan Upset at Japan Births the Nationalist Movement. Births the Nationalist Movement. Chinese Protestors in May Fourth Movement Chinese Nationalism Two powers emerged, Two powers emerged, Chinese Communist party (C.C.) Chinese Communist party (C.C.) Chinese Nationalist (C.N.) party or Guomindang. Chinese Nationalist (C.N.) party or Guomindang. Chiang Kai Shek led C.N. Chiang Kai Shek led C.N. Mao Zedong led C.C. Mao Zedong led C.C. Civil War broke out Civil War broke out Chiang Kai-Shek Chinese Nationalism Long March (pg.754) Long March (pg.754) 100,000 Communists retreated 100,000 Communists retreated Over 6,000 miles Over 6,000 miles 20,000 survive 20,000 survive Long March: rally cry for Mao & Communists Long March: rally cry for Mao & Communists A young Mao in 1935 Global: 4/28/2015 I/O Examine the rise of Communism in China. I/O Examine the rise of Communism in China. Key Question(s): What methods are used by Mao Zedong to establish Totalitarian Rule in China in the 1950s and 1960s? Key Question(s): What methods are used by Mao Zedong to establish Totalitarian Rule in China in the 1950s and 1960s? Key Terms: Long March; Great Leap Forward; Cultural Revolution; Deng Xiaoping; Tiananmen Square Key Terms: Long March; Great Leap Forward; Cultural Revolution; Deng Xiaoping; Tiananmen Square Homework: Pages 238 241; 255 259 for Wednesday. Homework: Pages 238 241; 255 259 for Wednesday. Quiz Thursday on Chinas Change from Nationalists to Mao to Deng Xiaoping topics will be posted on line, along with PowerPoints. Quiz Thursday on Chinas Change from Nationalists to Mao to Deng Xiaoping topics will be posted on line, along with PowerPoints. Chinese Nationalism WWII & Temporary Halt of Hostilities: WWII & Temporary Halt of Hostilities: WWII provides hiatus for Chinese Civil War; forces unify against Japan. WWII provides hiatus for Chinese Civil War; forces unify against Japan. Resumes after Japan is defeated in 1945 Resumes after Japan is defeated in 1945 Chinese Nationalism People s Republic of China (1949): People s Republic of China (1949): Communists win in Why?: Communists win in Why?: Support of peasantry Support of peasantry Promises to redistribute land back to them Promises to redistribute land back to them Support the equality of women Support the equality of women Guerilla warfare hit & run tactics Guerilla warfare hit & run tactics Control countryside surround cities Control countryside surround cities Guomindang was corrupt Guomindang was corrupt People s Republic of China Speech to Long March Survivors Chinese Nationalism Mao & Communism: Mao & Communism: Builds similar Gov t to Soviet Union. Builds similar Gov t to Soviet Union. Totalitarian regime Totalitarian regime Command economy Command economy Belief in Agricultural Collectivism Belief in Agricultural Collectivism Chinese Nationalism Great Leap Forward 1958: Great Leap Forward 1958: Increase agricultural & industrial output Increase agricultural & industrial output Similar to ___________. Similar to ___________. Peasants lived in communes Peasants lived in communes Lived & worked on collectivized farms Lived & worked on collectivized farms Quotas & prices of goods est. Quotas & prices of goods est. Chinese Nationalism "Take steel as the key link, leap forward in all fields". Chinese Nationalism Results of GLF: Results of GLF: Failed miserably Failed miserably Mass starvation occurs. Mass starvation occurs million die!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! million die!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Low output of industrial goods. Low output of industrial goods. Chinese Nationalism Cultural Revolution: Cultural Revolution: Purge China of its non- revolutionary elements Purge China of its non- revolutionary elements Intellectuals Intellectuals Gov t officials Gov t officials Students form Red Guards, attack anti- revolutionaries Students form Red Guards, attack anti- revolutionaries Gov t sanctioned violence Gov t sanctioned violence Chinese Nationalism Smash the old world. Establish a new world." How is this an example of Propaganda Mao s Little Red Book Most printed book in 20 th century (5-6 billion copies) Quotations of Mao Zedong Required reading for people Chinese Nationalism China was a Cold War enemy to the U.S. China was a Cold War enemy to the U.S Pres. R. Nixon made a surprise visit to China 1972 Pres. R. Nixon made a surprise visit to China Normalizes relations between countries Normalizes relations between countries Mao died in 1976 Mao died in 1976 1972 Pres. Nixon meets with Chairman Mao Zedong Chinese Nationalism Moderates temper Mao s strict policies Moderates temper Mao s strict policies Deng Xiaoping comes to helm in 1978 Deng Xiaoping comes to helm in 1978 Denounced Cultural Rev. Denounced Cultural Rev. Mao was "seven parts good, three parts bad." Mao was "seven parts good, three parts bad." Improves relations w/ U.S. Improves relations w/ U.S. President Jimmy Carter & Deng Xiaoping Chinese Nationalism Creates economic plan called Four Modernization s: Creates economic plan called Four Modernization s: 1. Modernized farming methods 1. Modernized farming methods Sell crops on open market Sell crops on open market 2. Industrial modernizations 2. Industrial modernizations 3. Science & technology promoted 3. Science & technology promoted 4. Military Defense improved 4. Military Defense improved 5. Open trade w/ world 5. Open trade w/ world Growth of China Shanghai Beijing literally changing in decades Chinese Nationalism Deng Policies continued: Deng Policies continued: Some capitalist & private prop. policies Some capitalist & private prop. policies Foreign investment allowed Foreign investment allowed Economy flourished Economy flourished Chinese Nationalism Tiananmen Square May 1989: Tiananmen Square May 1989: Gov t not willing to make political reforms Gov t not willing to make political reforms Chinese, especially educated classes began to demand democratic reforms Chinese, especially educated classes began to demand democratic reforms Protests break out in Beijing. Protests break out in Beijing. Deng government puts down protests brutally. Deng government puts down protests brutally. Over 2,600 were killed and 30,000 injured. Over 2,600 were killed and 30,000 injured. Tank Man at Tiananmen Square Massacre How is this a symbol of protest? Chinese Nationalism Results: People s Republic of China was committed to putting down opposition to rule and would use force Results: People s Republic of China was committed to putting down opposition to rule and would use force Cambodian Genocide Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge ( ): Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge ( ): Khmer Rouge: communist party from Cambodia Khmer Rouge: communist party from Cambodia Came to power in in 1975 Came to power in in 1975 End of Vietnam War End of Vietnam War Overthrew Cambodia s pro U.S. government Overthrew Cambodia s pro U.S. government Khmer Rouge were led by Pol Pot Khmer Rouge were led by Pol Pot Supports Marxist views on society Supports Marxist views on society Cambodian Genocide Pol Pot s Plan: Pol Pot s Plan: Transform Cambodia into society of classless agrarian farmers. Transform Cambodia into society of classless agrarian farmers. Mass evacuations of cities to countryside Mass evacuations of cities to countryside 2.5 million evacuate Phnom Penh alone 2.5 million evacuate Phnom Penh alone People forced to work on collective farms People forced to work on collective farms Cambodian Genocide Wants to purge all western influence & bourgeoisie in Cambodia Wants to purge all western influence & bourgeoisie in Cambodia Intellectuals and skilled workers were killed through starvation, execution, and forced labor Intellectuals and skilled workers were killed through starvation, execution, and forced labor Estimates are 1.5 million died in this genocide Estimates are 1.5 million died in this genocide Cambodian Genocide Chinese Nationalism Guomindang retreated to the island of Taiwan Guomindang retreated to the island of Taiwan Nat. s created own government called Republic of China Nat. s created own government called Republic of China Democratic Democratic Controversy between mainland China & Taiwan Controversy between mainland China & Taiwan Taiwan