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Presented ByPresented By

Dr. Siham Y. AlQaradawiDr. Siham Y. AlQaradawiAssociate Prof. of Organic ChemistryAssociate Prof. of Organic Chemistry

At Qatar UniversityAt Qatar University1919thth May 2010 May 2010

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OSHA STANDARDSOSHA STANDARDS

Most of the slides in this presentation Most of the slides in this presentation has been taken from the OSHA has been taken from the OSHA

workshop at the AUC 2001workshop at the AUC 2001http://www.osha.govhttp://www.osha.gov//

Occupational Safety & Health Administration 

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IntroductionIntroduction

Laboratory operations present Laboratory operations present

special special health hazardshealth hazards that may that may

not exist in other types of not exist in other types of

workplaces due to the workplaces due to the exposure exposure

to a variety of to a variety of chemicalschemicals, and , and

beside these hazards there other beside these hazards there other

dangers including dangers including fires, fires,

explosionsexplosions..

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•Chemical Hazard•BIO Hazard

•Health Hazard

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Laboratory Safety Laboratory Safety EquipmentEquipment

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Laboratory Safety Laboratory Safety EquipmentEquipment

1- Fume Hoods1- Fume Hoods 2- Eye Wash Stations2- Eye Wash Stations 3- Safety Showers3- Safety Showers 4- Emergency Exits 4- Emergency Exits 5- Individual Storage Containers5- Individual Storage Containers 6- Chemical Storage Cabinets 6- Chemical Storage Cabinets 7- Fire Safety Equipment7- Fire Safety Equipment 8- First Aid Boxes8- First Aid Boxes 9- Spill Control Kits9- Spill Control Kits 10- Refrigerators10- Refrigerators

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Emergency EquipmentEmergency Equipment

First-Aid kitsFirst-Aid kits Spill kitsSpill kits Safety showersSafety showers Eyewash stationsEyewash stations Fire extinguishersFire extinguishers Emergency ExitsEmergency Exits

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Three basic Three basic components: components: chamber, face, chamber, face, and exhaust.and exhaust.

Hoods come in Hoods come in various sizes. But various sizes. But standard width standard width are are 4 and 6 feet.4 and 6 feet.

11 - -Fume HoodsFume Hoods

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The FaceThe Face:: Opening to the Opening to the

chamber, where chamber, where air is drawn into air is drawn into the hood from the hood from lab.lab.

Has a slided Has a slided sashsash.. The sash helps The sash helps

keep the keep the contaminant air contaminant air inside the hood.inside the hood.

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To reduce the risk, To reduce the risk, close the sash as much as possible close the sash as much as possible (18 inches).(18 inches).The sash is your The sash is your protectionprotection against fire, explosions, against fire, explosions, chemical splashes, and projectiles.chemical splashes, and projectiles.

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Lab Fume HoodsLab Fume Hoods Face velocityFace velocity 80 80 –– 100 100

feet per minute = 0.5 feet per minute = 0.5 meter per second meter per second at 18 at 18 inches sash height.inches sash height.

For highly toxic For highly toxic experiments experiments doubledouble velocity is required.velocity is required.

If the hood is not equipped If the hood is not equipped with with air measuring deviceair measuring device, , verify adequate inward verify adequate inward airflow by using smoke airflow by using smoke tubes or tubes or tissue papertissue paper..

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Proper UseProper Use Equipment and other Equipment and other

materials should be materials should be placed at least placed at least six six inches (15cm) behind inches (15cm) behind the sash.the sash.

Do not use fume hood Do not use fume hood as a storage cabinet.as a storage cabinet.

Do not store Do not store chemicals against the chemicals against the baffles.baffles.

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Hood locationsHood locations::

must be away from must be away from doors, windows, and doors, windows, and pedestrian traffic.pedestrian traffic. Minimize the Minimize the pedestrian traffic pedestrian traffic immediately in front immediately in front of the hoodof the hood. Walking . Walking past the hood causes past the hood causes turbulenceturbulence which can which can draw contaminant draw contaminant out of the hood into out of the hood into the roomthe room..

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ProperProper UseUse Adjust the sash Adjust the sash

height to the height to the smallest smallest opening (opening (18 18 inches) (45 cm).inches) (45 cm).

Have an Have an indication indication position for the position for the sash.sash.

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Types of Chemical Fume HoodsTypes of Chemical Fume Hoods

1- Standard fume hoods.1- Standard fume hoods. 2- Bypass fume hoods.2- Bypass fume hoods. 3- Auxiliary fume hoods.3- Auxiliary fume hoods. 4- Perchloric fume hoods.4- Perchloric fume hoods. 5- Radioisotopes fume 5- Radioisotopes fume

hoods.hoods.

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22 - -Chemical Storage CabinetsChemical Storage Cabinets

Types of CabinetsTypes of Cabinets::

Flammable Liquid CabinetsFlammable Liquid Cabinets::

Acid/Corrosive CabinetsAcid/Corrosive Cabinets::

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Chemical Storage CabinetsChemical Storage Cabinets

FlammableFlammable storage storage cabinets are designed cabinets are designed for storage of for storage of flammable and flammable and combustiblecombustible liquids. liquids.

Acid/corrosiveAcid/corrosive cabinets are designed cabinets are designed for for corrosion corrosion resistanceresistance..

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GeneralGeneral GuidelinesGuidelines

Segregate incompatible chemicals. Segregate incompatible chemicals. Do Do not store chemicals Alphabetically.not store chemicals Alphabetically.

Purchase the Purchase the minimum amount minimum amount requiredrequired..

Date bottlesDate bottles of chemicals when they are of chemicals when they are opened. Test peroxidizable chemicals opened. Test peroxidizable chemicals periodically.periodically.

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Warning labels

““Radioactive MaterialRadioactive Material””

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http://www.chem.sc.edu/faculty/morgan/safety/safetytrain.html

NFPANFPANational Fire Protection AssociationNational Fire Protection Association

HealthHealth FlammabilityFlammability ReactivityReactivity Special hazardSpecial hazard

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ExampleExample::

Isopropyl Alcohol:Isopropyl Alcohol:

• Slightly ToxicSlightly Toxic• Highly FlammableHighly Flammable• Not ReactiveNot Reactive• No Special HazardNo Special Hazard

1 03

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3 -Individual Storage Containers

A safety can is an approved container of no more than five gallons capacity. It has a spring-closing lid and spout cover, and is designed to safely relief pressure buildup within the container when subjected to fire exposure.

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44 - -RefrigeratorsRefrigerators

Will have Will have self-contained electricalself-contained electrical elements to avoid spark-induced elements to avoid spark-induced explosions.explosions.

Explosion-proof refrigeratorsExplosion-proof refrigerators are are specially designed for hazardous specially designed for hazardous environment, featuring enclosed environment, featuring enclosed motors to eliminate sparking.motors to eliminate sparking.

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55 - -Eye Wash StationsEye Wash Stations

Should be readily Should be readily available and available and accessible to all lab accessible to all lab personnel.personnel.

Located in areas – 10 Located in areas – 10 seconds to reach – seconds to reach – 100 feet.100 feet.

Valves activated in Valves activated in one secondone second and and should stay open.should stay open.

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Eye Wash StationsEye Wash Stations

0.4 gpm for 15 0.4 gpm for 15 minute.minute.

Faucet-mounted: Faucet-mounted: provides provides continuous water continuous water flow while flow while freeing freeing handshands to open to open eyelids.eyelids.

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66 - -Safety ShowersSafety Showers Accessible locations – Accessible locations –

100 ft, 100 ft, 10 seconds to 10 seconds to reach.reach.

Flow rate = Flow rate = 20 gpm20 gpm Valve activated in Valve activated in

one secondone second and stay and stay open.open.

Near drainage Near drainage systemssystems

Stream of water to Stream of water to cover the whole cover the whole body.body.

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The emergency safety shower

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Warning Labels

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77 - -Fire Safety EquipmentFire Safety Equipment

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What Is A FireWhat Is A Fire ??

Simply fire is a chemical Simply fire is a chemical reaction which involves rapid reaction which involves rapid oxidation or burningoxidation or burning of a of a combustible materialcombustible material..

In the past, we learned that In the past, we learned that three elements, fuel, heat, and three elements, fuel, heat, and oxygenoxygen were necessary for fire were necessary for fire to start and continue burning, to start and continue burning, hence the fire hence the fire triangle concepttriangle concept..

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Fire TetrahedronFire Tetrahedron

In recent years In recent years this concept has this concept has been expanded been expanded to include a to include a fourth elementfourth element, , that of that of chemical chemical reaction,reaction, thus thus creating the fire creating the fire tetrahedron.tetrahedron.

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Classes of FiresClasses of Fires: :   

1-1- Class A FiresClass A Fires 2-2- Class B FiresClass B Fires 3-3- Class C FiresClass C Fires 4-  Class D Fires4-  Class D Fires

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Fire: Fight or FlightFire: Fight or Flight??

Evacuate if:Evacuate if: You do not know what is on fireYou do not know what is on fire The fire is spreading rapidlyThe fire is spreading rapidly You do not have the appropriate You do not have the appropriate

extinguisherextinguisher You might inhale toxic smokeYou might inhale toxic smoke You cannot maintain an escape routeYou cannot maintain an escape route Your instincts tell you not to fight the Your instincts tell you not to fight the

firefire

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If you discover a If you discover a firefire!!!!!!! !!!!!!! Follow these simple rulesFollow these simple rules::

   1-1-              Don’t panicDon’t panic 2-       Raise the alarm2-       Raise the alarm 3-       Evacuate laboratory3-       Evacuate laboratory 4-       Turn off electricity4-       Turn off electricity 5-       Get out5-       Get out

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Fire ProtectionFire Protection

1- Alarms1- Alarms 2- Fire Extinguishers2- Fire Extinguishers 3- Blankets3- Blankets 4- Sand Buckets4- Sand Buckets 5- Sprinklers5- Sprinklers 6- Emergency Exits (Means of 6- Emergency Exits (Means of

Egress)Egress) 7- Evacuation and emergency plans.7- Evacuation and emergency plans.

Fire SafetyFire Safety

A A –– combustibles combustibles B B –– flammable liquids flammable liquids C C –– energized equipment energized equipment D D –– flammable metals flammable metals

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Fire ExtinguishersFire Extinguishers

There are There are four typesfour types of Fire of Fire Extinguishers:Extinguishers:

1-     Water Fire Extinguishers1-     Water Fire Extinguishers 2-     Foam/Dry Chemical Fire 2-     Foam/Dry Chemical Fire

Extinguishers.Extinguishers. 3- Carbon Dioxide/dry powder. 3- Carbon Dioxide/dry powder. 4-     Halons Fire Extinguishers .4-     Halons Fire Extinguishers .

  

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1-1- Class A FiresClass A Fires : :

-   -   Cloth, wood, paper, rubber, Cloth, wood, paper, rubber,

many plastics. many plastics. -- The most effective The most effective

extinguishing agent is extinguishing agent is

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2-2- Class B Fires :Class B Fires : Involving flammable and combustible Involving flammable and combustible

liquids such as : Motor Gasoline - Solvents liquids such as : Motor Gasoline - Solvents (Acetone) - Alcohols .(Acetone) - Alcohols .

The extinguishing agents include :The extinguishing agents include :

Foams . Foams . Dry Chemicals .Dry Chemicals . Carbon Dioxide . Carbon Dioxide . Halons .Halons .

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3-3- Class C Fires :Class C Fires :

Fires that involves Fires that involves electricalelectrical equipment equipment

The extinguishing agents are : The extinguishing agents are : Dry Chemical.Dry Chemical. Carbon Dioxide.Carbon Dioxide. Halons .Halons .

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Electrical SafetyElectrical Safety

Do not overload Do not overload electrical outlets or electrical outlets or extension cords. If extension cords. If a cord feels warm, a cord feels warm, disconnect it and disconnect it and do not use. do not use.

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Inspect equipment frequently.Inspect equipment frequently.Keep equipment away from water.Keep equipment away from water.

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WarningWarning

Water Water or any fire or any fire extinguisher contains water extinguisher contains water or any agent mixed with or any agent mixed with water arewater are not allowednot allowed to be to be used on fires involving live used on fires involving live electrical equipment , since electrical equipment , since water is a good conductor water is a good conductor of electricity .of electricity .

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4-4-      Class D Fires :Class D Fires :

These are fires involving These are fires involving metals such as : Sodium - metals such as : Sodium - Potassium - Magnesium .Potassium - Magnesium .

   Special types ofSpecial types of Dry Powders Dry Powders

are used to extinguish such are used to extinguish such fires .  fires .  

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How To Use Fire ExtinguisherHow To Use Fire Extinguisher

P.A.S.S.P.A.S.S.

PullPull the pinthe pin

AimAim at base of fireat base of fire

SqueezeSqueeze the handlethe handle

SweepSweep side to side side to side

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Position yourself Position yourself between the fire between the fire and escape routeand escape route

Have a back-upHave a back-up Do not turn your Do not turn your

back to the fireback to the fire Alert key personnel Alert key personnel

regarding the regarding the incidentincident

http://www.chem.sc.edu/faculty/morgan/safety/safetytrain.html

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Fire blanketFire blanket

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Crawl on your hands and kneesto stay below smoke.

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88 - -First Aid BoxesFirst Aid Boxes

Suitable first aid boxes according Suitable first aid boxes according to the to the numbernumber of lab personnel. of lab personnel.

Suitable first aid materials such Suitable first aid materials such as:as:

1-Burn ointment.1-Burn ointment.

2-Sterile adhesive dressings.2-Sterile adhesive dressings.

3-Sterile eye pads with attachment.3-Sterile eye pads with attachment.

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99 - -Spill Control KitsSpill Control Kits

Mercury spill kitMercury spill kit

Acid, Alkaline, Acid, Alkaline, and solvents and solvents spill kitsspill kits

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10-Emergency Exitsis a continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from any point in a building or structure to a public way by their own unaided efforts and consists of three separate and distinct parts:

Exit access;

The exit; and

Exit discharge.

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Means of EgressMeans of Egress

A A place of safety (assembly place of safety (assembly point).point).

Doors to corridors from Doors to corridors from laboratories must swing in the laboratories must swing in the direction of exit.direction of exit.

The The minimumminimum number of exits number of exits from any story or portion thereof from any story or portion thereof shall beshall be

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Fundamental Requirements:Fundamental Requirements:

No locksNo locks to prevent emergency to prevent emergency egress except in specialized egress except in specialized facilities, such as facilities, such as mental mental or or correctivecorrective institutions. institutions.

The time allowed for evacuation  is The time allowed for evacuation  is between : between : 2 - 3 minutes2 - 3 minutes..

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1. Spilled acids can be neutralized with-

A. GasolineB. AlcoholC. WaterD. Sodium bicarbonate solution (base)

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Working in the labWorking in the lab

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When starting work in a When starting work in a new laboratory, it is new laboratory, it is important to become important to become

familiar withfamiliar with : :

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  The layout of the The layout of the roomroom The location of the The location of the safety safety

equipmentequipment   The position of the The position of the emergency emergency

exits, fire alarm and extinguishersexits, fire alarm and extinguishers The location of the The location of the first aid boxfirst aid box

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Also Get to Know:Also Get to Know: Designated escape route Designated escape route

and alternateand alternate Location of fire ext., Location of fire ext., eye eye

wash, shower, first aidwash, shower, first aid..

The main taps for The main taps for waterwater

and the switch for and the switch for

electricityelectricity..

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Know the location of the Know the location of the

nearest nearest phone phone that can be that can be

used in an emergency. used in an emergency.

Critical phone numbers Critical phone numbers

should be posted near the should be posted near the

phone. phone.

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While Working in the LabWhile Working in the Lab:: Authorized persons onlyAuthorized persons only

Identify EVERYTHING!Identify EVERYTHING!

No No foodfood, tobacco products, No , tobacco products, No gumgum chewing chewing or application of or application of cosmeticscosmetics

Do not wear Do not wear contact lensescontact lenses around toxic vapors.around toxic vapors.

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Always Read The Labels

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While Working in the Lab:While Working in the Lab:

Use appropriate Use appropriate eyeeye, ,

and and handhand protection protection

ShoesShoes with full with full

coverage and good coverage and good

grip solesgrip soles

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You only have two eyesYou only have two eyes… … Protect themProtect them!!

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Use proper eye protection in the laboratory

Find more information on eye protection at: http://www.chem.sc.edu/faculty/morgan/safety/eyes.html

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Eye protectionEye protection

Protects you against Protects you against

risk of:risk of:

1-1- flying objectsflying objects

2- 2- dust particlesdust particles

3- 3- harmful raysharmful rays

4-4- splashes of splashes of

hazardous materialshazardous materials. .

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Safety GlassesSafety Glasses

Unbreakable lenses Unbreakable lenses of plastic or of plastic or tempered glass tempered glass

For light-to-For light-to-moderate workmoderate work

Can be worn Can be worn over prescription over prescription

glassesglasses

GogglesGoggles

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Whenever working in the lab you should wear-

A. SandalsB. Closed toed shoesC. no shoes

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Hand ProtectionHand Protection

Protects against risk of cuts, Protects against risk of cuts,

abrasions, burns, or exposure to abrasions, burns, or exposure to

hazardous materials.hazardous materials.

Requires selection of theRequires selection of the

appropriate appropriate chemical resistant chemical resistant

gloves gloves

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To prevent accidents during lab, you should-

A. Follow your teacher’s direction

B. Hurry ahead of others

C. Ask someone else to do the work

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While Working in the LabWhile Working in the Lab::

Do not work Do not work alonealone..

Avoid Avoid horseplayhorseplay, or other , or other

behavior that can lead to behavior that can lead to

accidents.accidents.

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While Working in the LabWhile Working in the Lab::

Avoid Avoid tastingtasting or or smelling smelling hazardous chemicals.hazardous chemicals.

Do not use Do not use solvents for washingsolvents for washing the skin it causes dermatitis.the skin it causes dermatitis.

Do not keep food, Do not keep food, food containersfood containers, , or drinking glasses in areas with or drinking glasses in areas with chemicals.chemicals.

Do not use lab glassware for Do not use lab glassware for eatingeating

or drinking.or drinking.

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Long hair or scarf Long hair or scarf should be should be tied backtied back or or otherwise confined. otherwise confined.

Even hair or scarf that Even hair or scarf that has been tied back has been tied back can catch firecan catch fire if it is if it is allowed to come too allowed to come too close to a flame. close to a flame.

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Restrain long Restrain long hairhair, loose clothing and jewelry, loose clothing and jewelry

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Secure ties or jewelry that might become Secure ties or jewelry that might become

entangled in equipment. entangled in equipment.

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Loose sleevesLoose sleeves can be hazardous in the can be hazardous in the laboratory. laboratory.

To prevent laboratory accidents, avoid To prevent laboratory accidents, avoid loose clothingloose clothing . .

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Pour more concentrated solutions (acids) into Pour more concentrated solutions (acids) into less concentrated solutions (water) to avoid less concentrated solutions (water) to avoid

violent reactions.violent reactions.

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While Working in the LabWhile Working in the Lab::

Use mechanical transfer Use mechanical transfer

devicesdevices Never use mouth pipettingNever use mouth pipetting

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The safe handling of The safe handling of laboratory laboratory glassware:glassware:

not heating not heating crackedcracked glassware, glassware,

not not touchingtouching hot glass, hot glass,

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Broken glassBroken glass and other "sharps" and other "sharps", , e.g. pipette tips must be placed in e.g. pipette tips must be placed in the correct container.the correct container.

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Use Clamps to Hold Hot Tubes

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Advise your lecturer of any Advise your lecturer of any suspected or known suspected or known sensitivities sensitivities to to chemicals you may have.chemicals you may have. PregnancyPregnancy, or other medical , or other medical conditions, or the wearing of gas conditions, or the wearing of gas permeable contact lenses might permeable contact lenses might enhance any exposure risks. enhance any exposure risks. Your lecturer / supervisor should Your lecturer / supervisor should advise but, if in doubt, ask. advise but, if in doubt, ask.

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Before Leaving the LabBefore Leaving the Lab::

Turn off:Turn off: GasGas WaterWater Power suppliesPower supplies Vacuum linesVacuum lines Compression linesCompression lines Heating apparatusHeating apparatus

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Before Leaving the LabBefore Leaving the Lab::

Identify and package Identify and package

waste, dispose properlywaste, dispose properly Return unused equipment, Return unused equipment,

apparatus, etc.apparatus, etc. Leave lab coat in the labLeave lab coat in the lab Close and lock doorClose and lock door

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Wash well before leaving Wash well before leaving lablab

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Laboratory Unit LayoutLaboratory Unit Layout

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http://www.howe.k12.ok.us/~jimaskew/clab.htm

http://www.studygs.net/labsafety.htm

http://www.lexington1.net/lv/district.nsf

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