4/23/12

1. In your notebook, finish the questions from the laminated sheet.

(Pg 47 side only) READ THE DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY!!

2. When finished, answer the questions from the half sheet in your notebook.

THESE ARE WORTH 30PTS

1. What are the 4 nitrogen bases of DNA?

2. What 3 things make up a nucleotide?

3. Make the complementary DNA strand of the following:

ATCCGATCAGGTTA

4. What is the process of making a copy of DNA called?

4/26/12Bell Ringer

The DNA Connection (11.1)

1. Double Stranded

2. Sugar Phosphate backbone

3. Four nitrogen bases◦Adenine (A)◦Thymine (T)◦Cytosine (C)◦Guanine (G)

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

What Does DNA Do

Codes for proteins and traits like arecipe for that organism!!

HOW?1. Replication2. Transcription3. Translation

REPLICATION

From DNA to a Protein Transcription and Translation (11.2)

DNA RNA PROTEIN (Nucleus) (Ribosome)

Takes the information from DNA anduses it to assemble proteins.

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

DNA RNA

Has 2 strands Has 1 strand

Nitrogen Bases: A,T,C,G

Nitrogen Bases: A,U,C,G

Sugar: Deoxyribose Sugar: Ribose

DNA vs. RNA

DNA OR RNA?

2 Types of RNA1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Copies the coded message from the DNA ; Carries the message to the ribosome.

2. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein.

TRANSCRIPTION

DNA RNA

Cells use information from a gene to produce a specific protein.

Takes place on a ribosome in the cytoplasm of a cell

How does the genetic information from inside of the nucleus get to the

ribosome?

1. DNA molecule unzips in the region of the gene to be transcribed.

3 Step Process of TRANSCRIPTION

2. RNA bases match up along one of the DNA strands.

Adenine (A) ------ Uracil (U)

Guanine (G) ------ Cytosine (C)

3. mRNA strand breaks away and the mRNA strand leaves the nucleus

How is mRNA translated into proteins?

TRANSLATION

RNA PROTEIN

1. A ribosome attaches to a mRNA strand and tRNA molecules begin to carry in amino acids

The mRNA strand is read 3 letters at a time

o Each 3 letter group is called a codon and codes for a specific amino acid.

2. tRNA molecules have an anti-codon that forms a base pair with the mRNA codon

3. tRNA molecules continue to bind to the mRNA and leave behind amino acids that bind to one another

4. This process will continue until the ribosome reaches the final codon of the mRNA

5. The amino acid chain is released and twists into its protein form.

The protein then is ready to be used as needed

Transcription and Translation Summary