42125 42135 ash 31 mi en - graupner 31 mi_en.pdf · grp tongue, which is adhered to the frame so...

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GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMANY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012 1 for Order no. 42125 42135 Instruction Manual ASH 31 MI RC Glider and Electric Aircraft for Slope Flying, Towing and Electric Flight A remote control with 6 functions is needed! This models is not a beginner model and is only intended for experienced model builders! The present model is a technically mature design with well-balanced flight characteristics. The pre-assembly of a number of the individual parts enables a rapid building process.

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Page 1: 42125 42135 ASH 31 MI en - Graupner 31 MI_en.pdf · GRP tongue, which is adhered to the frame so that it protrudes approx. 15 mm. For the rear fastening of the frame, a Ø 2 mm hole

GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

1

for Order no. 42125 42135

Instruction Manual

ASH 31 MI

RC Glider and Electric Aircraft

for

Slope Flying, Towing and Electric Flight

A remote control with 6 functions is needed!

This models is not a beginner model and is only

intended for experienced model builders! The present model is a technically mature design with well-balanced flight characteristics. The pre-assembly of a number of the individual parts enables a rapid building process.

Page 2: 42125 42135 ASH 31 MI en - Graupner 31 MI_en.pdf · GRP tongue, which is adhered to the frame so that it protrudes approx. 15 mm. For the rear fastening of the frame, a Ø 2 mm hole

GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

2

Technical data Wingspan, about 4510 mm Length about 1785 mm Wing airfoil TA06/11 Tailplane airfoil NACA 009 Total surface area about 79 dm² Flying weight depending on equipment from about 5500 g Glider 7000 g Electric Center of gravity about 95 mm behind the leading edge measured on the left and

right of the hull. Longitudinal dihedral about 1° Notices for the construction of the model Before building of the model, be sure to study the manual from start to finish. Be aware of the potential dangers associated with the use of tools. Clean all oily residue off of the surfaces to be adhered prior to adhering them. This can be achieved with light sanding and a non-oily cleanser. Prior to adhering parts, make sure to roughen the corresponding surfaces (especially with GRP hulls) carefully using a fine sandpaper and be sure to thoroughly remove all grease and oil using acetone, etc. Otherwise, sufficient adhesion cannot be guaranteed. Required tool for the construction of ASH 31 MI Pencil (hardness HB), all-purpose pen, geometry triangle, as well as a measuring tape or meter stick, household scissors, a thin and sharp knife - such as a balsa knife Order No. 980, small electric drill, various spiral drills, Allen wrenches, injection syringe Order No. 729.3. Adhesion of materials The table below shows some examples for adhesive bonds. It should not be considered exhaustive. Material Adhesion example Adhesive Order No. GRP with Hull with UHU plus endfest 300 Plywood Landing gear ribs Order no. 950.43 GRP with Hull with UHU plus endfest 300 Aluminum F tow coupling Order no. 950.43 Areas of the hull without pull-away material which are to be adhered must be sanded using a fine grain sandpaper in order to remove any remaining release agent. Wipe away sanding dust. In the process, the shiny surface of the hull must always become matte , otherwise a good adhesion of the adhesive with the hull cannot be assured. To join the individual parts with one another, make sure to following the corresponding instructions for use provided on the adhesive. Additional adhesives can be found in the FS catalog.

Page 3: 42125 42135 ASH 31 MI en - Graupner 31 MI_en.pdf · GRP tongue, which is adhered to the frame so that it protrudes approx. 15 mm. For the rear fastening of the frame, a Ø 2 mm hole

GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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When using adhesives with solvents, make sure that the room is well-ventilated. Observe the manufacturer's notices. Remote control system Strongly recommended: Computer system mc-32

Recommended servos: Rudder DES 678 BB,MG Order no. 7943 1 unit Elevator DS 3288 BB,MG Order no. 5187 1 unit Outer aileron DS 3288 BB,MG Order no. 5187 2 units Center aileron DS 3288 BB,MG Order no. 5187 2 units Camber-changing flap DS 3288 BB,MG Order no. 5187 2 units Landing flap DES 678 BB,MG Order no. 7943 2 units F tow coupling DES 678 BB,MG Order no. 7943 1 unit Retractable landing gear HBS 760 BB,MG Order no. 7985 1 unit Wheel brake HBS 760 BB,MG Order no. 7985 1 unit For the connection of the servos to the receiver 6x Servo voltage regulator PS 5.9 volt Order no. 4197 For battery connection cable 4x Order no. 3941.6 1x Order no. 2985.D Required servo extension cables Order no. 3935.180 For elevator 1 unit Order no. 3935.180 For rudder 1 unit Order no. 3935.75 For connection to the receiver 8 units

Page 4: 42125 42135 ASH 31 MI en - Graupner 31 MI_en.pdf · GRP tongue, which is adhered to the frame so that it protrudes approx. 15 mm. For the rear fastening of the frame, a Ø 2 mm hole

GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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Order no. 3935.65 For connection to the receiver 2 units Order No. 1587-20 Hook-and-loop cable tie 1 package As a receiver battery, we recommend a two-cell LiPo battery with a capacity of at least 5 Ah, e.g. Order no. 99013, which must always be well-maintained before and after flight. Rechargeable batteries are recommended for the receiver and transmitter, because they offer the greatest safety. See the FS catalog for the corresponding charger. Foam rubber for the bearing of the receiver Hook and loop tape Order no. 3368.1 for the fastening of the receiver Hook-and-loop cable tie Order no. 1587 for the fastening of the drive battery Required accessories Retractable landing gear Order no. 1137 Cockpit equipment Order no. 1055.1 Joystick set Order no. 1064.2 Assembly of the ASH 31 MI Only the assembly of the electric version is described in the assembly manual. Obviously the work pertaining to the extend/retract drive is omitted for the glider version. Only begin with the assembly once you are familiar with the components and individual building stages. If there are grounds for objection of a component, inform your specialist dealer prior to beginning with the construction. The hull All parts of the hull to be adhered must be sanded with sandpaper until the area to be adhered becomes matte (also refer to the information in the adhesives table). Remove the pull-away material on the adhesion areas of the hinge joints for the closing flaps of the landing gear and extend/retract drive. Attach the hinges at the flaps and hull as shown in the photos. In the process, make sure that the gap between the hull and flaps is the same size all the way around.

After the adhesive hardens, it should adhered with a strip of glass fabric leaving a slight protrusion for the hinged joints. Torsional springs must be bent from the accompanying Ø 0.6 mm steel wire to close the flaps and must be adhered as shown in the photo.

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GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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As you can see in the photos, stops in the hull are adhered at the ends of

the flaps so that the flaps end flush with the outer contour of the hull. The ribs for the extend/retract drive and the retractable landing gear are only attached in the hull and still have to be adhered with 24-hour epoxy resin. The retractable landing gear and the extend/retract drive are mounted in the hull after the adhesive has hardened.

Please follow the instructions accompanying the landing gear for the assembly of the retractable landing gear. Here are a few photos showing how the retractable landing gear is assembled. Now insert the retractable landing gear into both ribs and fasten using the Allen screws and the holder bracket.

The extend/retract drive is screwed onto the rib with the two screws.

Page 6: 42125 42135 ASH 31 MI en - Graupner 31 MI_en.pdf · GRP tongue, which is adhered to the frame so that it protrudes approx. 15 mm. For the rear fastening of the frame, a Ø 2 mm hole

GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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The screw must be secured against loosening with UHU thread-lock. For the assembly of the tail wheel and the rudder servo, the recess at the hull end must be cut out and filed down to match the tail wheel. Adhere the fin end and rudder servo board together. Extend the rudder servo connection cable with the appropriate extension cable. Secure the plug connection against loosening. Using rubber bushes, rivets and the accompanying screws, fasten the servo to the board. Attach the rudder linkage to the servo lever as shown in the photo. Now the fin end can be adhered. In the process, make sure that it is recessed from the edge approx. 13 mm at the bottom and approx. 11 mm at the top.

Page 7: 42125 42135 ASH 31 MI en - Graupner 31 MI_en.pdf · GRP tongue, which is adhered to the frame so that it protrudes approx. 15 mm. For the rear fastening of the frame, a Ø 2 mm hole

GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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Drill a Ø 2 mm hole on the left and right side of the hull for the bearing shaft of the tail wheel corresponding to the specifications in the photo. Mount the tail wheel together with the bearing shaft in the hull. Adhere the bearing shaft on the right and left sides of the inside of the hull.

Check whether the rudder can move equally far to the left and right. Remove the rudder, apply adhesive to the GRP bearings and re-insert the rudder and bearings in the same position. Secure the rudder against slipping with adhesive strips until the adhesive hardens. After the adhesive hardens, mark the position of the control arm. Drill a Ø 4 mm hole in the rudder. Attach the steering linkage in the servo lever and with the Z-bending in the control arm. Check the correct length of the linkage with the servo mounted in the rudder center position and the control arm connected. Now adhere the control arm to the rudder with adhesive.

Page 8: 42125 42135 ASH 31 MI en - Graupner 31 MI_en.pdf · GRP tongue, which is adhered to the frame so that it protrudes approx. 15 mm. For the rear fastening of the frame, a Ø 2 mm hole

GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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Adhere the boards for the receiver and drive battery fastening in the hull as shown in the two photos.

In the following photo you can see the installation of the voltage regulator PS 5.9 volt. The cockpit canopy The cockpit canopy frame must be adapted to the hull. In other words, it must sit back in the outer hull contour an equal distance all the way around corresponding to the size of the cockpit canopy. The front fastening of the frame is achieved with a GRP tongue, which is adhered to the frame so that it protrudes approx. 15 mm. For the rear fastening of the frame, a Ø 2 mm hole is drilled through the frame and hull approx. 4 mm below the upper edge of the hull while the frame is in position.

Page 9: 42125 42135 ASH 31 MI en - Graupner 31 MI_en.pdf · GRP tongue, which is adhered to the frame so that it protrudes approx. 15 mm. For the rear fastening of the frame, a Ø 2 mm hole

GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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The locking of the cockpit canopy is carried out with a Ø 2 mm steel wire guided in a plastic tube. This tube is attached with the locking pin pushed in. As described with the hinge joints of the flaps, the tube should be adhered to the hull using a glass fabric strip. Cut out the cockpit canopy along the mark, leaving a slight protrusion and adapt it to the canopy frame/ hull. Before adhering the cockpit canopy on the frame, it must be painted as desired The cockpit instruments, etc. must also be adhered. Now the cockpit canopy can be adhered. For this purpose, fasten the frame on the hull by fastening the front to the hull with the GRP tongue and the rear with a locking pin. The frame is adhered with the cockpit canopy using UHU ALL-PURPOSE ADHESIVE Kraft Ord. No. 1096. These are transparent contact adhesives. Before the adhesion, the hull seam must be applied to the cockpit canopy. Apply adhesive all the way around on the frame, then position the cockpit canopy so that the hull seam matches the markings and then remove it again. After the adhesive has ventilated, place the cockpit canopy in its final position again, line it up with the markings and press down all the way around. Then the edge of the cockpit canopy can be painted. The tailplane assembly Corresponding to the specified measurement in the photo, cut a slot in the elevator which extends to the upper covering The GRP control arm must be adhered so that the attachment point of the steering linkage and the turning point of the rudder match. The elevator servo is shrink-fitted in shrink hose and adhered in the opening in the tailplane so that the steering linkage (M2 threaded rod with double elbow with M2 clevis and M2 counter nut) forms a right angle with the turning axis of the elevator.

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GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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The cable on the servo can be left for the connection of the servo to the receiver, or it can be soldered to a G 6 plug (as shown in the photo), which is adhered in the recess. In parallel, the counterpiece must be adhered to the elevator support in the hull. Extreme care must be taken in the process in order to ensure that the plug connection does not come loose again. For the fastening of the tail on the hull, the two fastening holes must be melted open using a hot soldering iron. The wings Mount the control arms as shown in the photos below. Adjust the length of the linkage. The steering linkage for the rudders is comprised of an M2 clevis and M2 threaded rod, which has a double bend for attachment to the servo arm (Bending pliers Order no. 5732). Cut or file slots in the rudders up to the leading edge of the rudders in order to accommodate the control arms. In doing so, make sure that the control arms can be pushed in / adhered to the upper covering.

Important: The adhesive bonds of the control arms with the rudders should be made with 2 4-hour epoxy resin. For the installation of the servo, scrape out a recess in the hard foam core up to the upper covering. Now apply adhesive and adhere the servo mounting frame.

The servos for the landing flaps are also

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GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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fastened in the wing halves. The steering linkage is attached with a double elbow on the servo lever; see photo. To mark the length of the steering linkage, it must be attached to the lever in the landing flap. For this purpose, a threaded bush is soldered onto the end of the linkage and fitted with an M2 nut and an M2 clevis.

When marking the length of the linkage, move the servo to the retracted position. For this purpose, briefly turn on the RC system. Attach the linkage in the servo lever and adhere the servo. If the servos are adhered in the recesses, they must first be fitted in shrink hose. The shrink hose must be roughened prior to adhering. The servo covers are fastened in the recesses with the accompanying countersunk sheet metal screws. Pre-drill Ø 1.5 mm holes in the covers and lower the screws in the covers accordingly. After the adhesive hardens, the landing flap covers are adjusted and adhered. In doing so, make sure that there is a gap of approx. 0.5 mm the entire way around. The covers should be secured with an adhesive strip to prevent slipping and to assure a flush fit with the profile contour until the adhesive hardens. Now move the landing flap out, remove the upper brake plate and cover the wood with adhesive film. Before adhering the torsion pins in the root ribs, insert the two wing halves into the hull using the wing connector in order to check the fit.

Page 12: 42125 42135 ASH 31 MI en - Graupner 31 MI_en.pdf · GRP tongue, which is adhered to the frame so that it protrudes approx. 15 mm. For the rear fastening of the frame, a Ø 2 mm hole

GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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Before adhering the torsion pins, they must be roughened at the points to be adhered. When adhering, approx. 15 mm should protrude from the root ribs. As is shown in the photo, the servo connection cables can be run together using a G 6 plug connector. Attach the wiring harness in the hull from the receiver to the plug connection. In the process, the plus and minus leads can be run together. Then they can be soldered to the respective outside contacts. Then there is still a contact available for the impulse lines. Important: The correct polarity must be absolutely assured. The outer wing First adhere the anti-twist devices in the root ribs of the insertable wings as described for the inner wings; these should protrude approx. 10 mm from the root ribs. Tip: Place a layer of household plastic foil between the wing sections and lightly grease the pin (not on the side to be adhered). In doing so, you prevent the wing sections from sticking together and/or prevent the pin from adhering to the sleeve with any escaping resin.

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GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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To secure the outer wing to the inner wing, engage the plastic locking devices in the corresponding holes. After the adhesive hardens, the multi-lock studs are adhered in the outer wing sections. For this purpose, adhere Tesafilm over the area around the two eyes in the wing center section and cut the film crosswise over the eyes. Now insert both studs in the eyes. The outer wing sections are also protected with Tesafilm in the area around the holes for the studs and are also opened. The holes in the outer wings are filled with a somewhat hardened resin and the plastic part is pushed in until the edge ends flush with the root rib. After the hardening of the adhesive, fit the counterpiece in the hole in the inner wing, apply adhesive and press the two wing parts together flushly with the CFRP connector and the torsion pins, then fix in place with adhesive tape until the adhesive hardens. After the adhesive hardens, the excess resin can be removed together with the adhesive tape. The winglets are then each inserted on the outer wing with two Ø 3mm and Ø 2mm steel pins. The winglets are secured with strips of adhesive tape.

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GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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Assembly of the ASH 31 MI Insert the wing halves on the hull using the mating so that the servo connection cables can be connected; then push both wing halves all the way onto the hull so that the root ribs are against the hull; insert the four anti-twist devices in the holes of the profile recesses of the hull. The two wing halves are secured by screwing in the locking screws with washers from the inside of the hull. Fit the outer wing on the inner wing using the GRP round bar and push together until the plastic locking devices engage. Fit the winglets and secure them using strips of adhesive tape. Fasten the tailplane on the hull using the two M5 Allen screws. Only tighten the screws until the tailplane fits against the profile recess without play. Fasten the cockpit canopy on the hull using the GRP tongue in the front and using the steel pin in the back. Balancing the ASH 31 MI Support the model to the left and right of the hull approx. 95 mm behind the leading edge of the wings. If the center of gravity is correctly positioned, the model stop rocking back and forth at a horizontal attitude or the hull nose should point slightly downward. If necessary, the center of gravity can be moved by shifting the position of the battery or attaching trim weight. Before the initial flight, all rudders must be moved precisely to the center position (zero position) with the transmitter trim adjustment in the middle.

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GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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ASH 31 MI rudder throws Rudder +/- 45 mm Elevator +/- 8 mm Aileron 15 mm upward 5 mm down Center aileron 16 mm upward 6 mm downward Camber-changing flap 5 mm upward 4 mm downward All rudders move for with the aileron throw. With the specified throws the outer aileron have an equal throw to the inner camber-changing flaps. Exponential value for aileron 33 % for elevator 26 % Flap position for thermal flight: Camber-changing flap positive downward 2 mm Center aileron positive downward 1.5 mm Aileron positive downward 1.5 mm Flap position for high-speed flight: Camber-changing flap negative upward 2 mm Center aileron negative upward 1.5 mm Aileron negative upward 1 mm Flap position for landing: Landing flaps fully thrown Camber-changing flap 26 mm downward Center aileron 14 mm upward Aileron remain in the neutral position Elevator 2 mm An exponential value 45% has been proven to be successful for ailerons and elevators. The specified throws are only recommendations, which must be adapted to your individual piloting habits. Important: With the assembly of the linkage, it must be ensured that they can move easily over their entire control path - including trim adjustment - and are not mechanically limited in any way. When moving the joystick to the right, the rudder must throw to the right (left/left). When moving the elevator joystick back - in other words, towards your stomach - the rudder must throw upward (forward = down). When moving the aileron joystick to the right, the right aileron must move throw upward and the left downward. The landing flaps are actuated with the non-neutralizing joystick. Moving the joystick all the way forward retracts the landing flaps; moving the joystick all the way back extends the flaps.

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GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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Do not extend the landing flaps too quickly and too far; they operate effectively. Extending the flaps approx. 5 mm is sufficient for the landing approach. Now all that remains is to have fun flying your ASH 31 MI. We hope you enjoy! Your team ! Part no.

Designation Qty. Material Dimensions

1 Hull 1 GRP Finished part 2 Drive system flaps 1 pair GRP Finished part 3 Landing gear flaps 1 pair GRP Finished part 4 Hinged joints 8 plastic Finished part 5 Drive system torsion

spring 2 steel Ø 0.6

6 Landing gear torsion spring

2 steel Ø 0.3

7 Torsion spring mount 8 plastic Ø 1.85/0.9 8 Wheel 1 plastic Ø 30 9 Wheel axle 1 Steel Ø 3x30 10 GRP bearing 2 GRP Finished part 11 Rudder 1 Balsa/film Finished part 12 Bearing pin 1 CFRP Ø 2x400 13 Control arm - rudder 1 Aluminum finished part Hole Ø 1.6 14 countersunk-head screw 2 Steel M5x12 15 Allen screw 4 Steel M5x15 16 Self-tapping screw 1 Steel M5 17 Cockpit canopy frame 1 GRP Finished part 18 cockpit canopy 1 Plastic Finished part 19 Guide tube 1 Plastic Ø 3.2/2.2x80 20 Rear lock 1 Steel Ø 2x120 21 Front lock 1 GRP 12x2x100 22 Tailplane 1 Sandwich Finished part 23 Control arm 1 GRP Finished part 24 Steering linkage 1 Steel M2x100 25 nut 1 Steel M2 26 Clevis 1 Steel M2 finished part 27 Allen screw 2 Steel M5x25 28 Right wing 1 Sandwich Finished part 29 Left wing 1 Sandwich Finished part 30 Torsion pin 4 Steel Ø 4x50 31 Anchor nut 2 Steel M5 32 Push pin (multi-lock) 2 Plastic Finished part 33 Push eye (multi-lock) 2 Plastic Finished part 34 Torsion pin 4 Steel Ø 3x30 35 GRP connector 2 GRP Ø10x180 36 Spar connector 1 CFRP Finished part 37 Threaded bush 2 Steel/nick. M2 38 nut 2 Steel M2

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GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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39 Clevis 8 Steel M2 40 Control arm 6 GRP Finished part 41 Threaded rod 8 Steel M2 42 Winglet 2 GRP Finished part 43 Fastening pin 2 Steel Ø 3x30 44 Fastening pin 2 Steel Øx30

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GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMA NY Changes reserved! No liability for printing errors ID. no. 0063067 07/2012

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The complete operating and assembly instructions mu st be read carefully before attempting to put the model into operation f or the first time. You are solely responsible for the safe operation of your R C model aircraft. Youths who perform assembly and/or operate the model must be r esponsibly supervised by an adult who is familiar with the circumstances and potential hazards involved with RC model aircraft. Questions about the safe operation of RC aircraft m odels will gladly be answered by dealers. Remote controlled aircraft models are quite sophist icated, dangerous objects. They demand a great deal of expertise, skill and se nse of responsibility. From a legal point of view, a model aircraft is an aircraft and, as such, subject to respective laws that must absolutely be observed . The pamphlet »Model aviation law"«, order no. 8034.02, presents a summa ry of these laws. This pamphlet can also be reviewed at dealerships. Furth ermore, compliance with the telecommunications regulations related to remot e control systems is required. Appropriate notices can be found in the o perating instructions for your remote control system. Only those parts included in the kit as well as tho se original Graupner accessories and replacement parts which we expressl y recommend may be used. Even if only one component in the drive unit is changed, safe operation is no longer warranted and any rights under the gua rantee are voided. Always use only the fitting, polarized connectors. Avoid short circuit conditions and reverse polarity . The high energy level of NiMH batteries present exp losion and fire hazards. A RC aircraft model can only be functional and meet expectations when it has been carefully built according to the assembly inst ructions. Only cautious, considered handling during operation of the model w ill prevent personal injuries and property damage. No one would get into a glider and – without any advance training – attempt to fly it. Even flying m odel aircraft requires practice. However, the manufacturer has no possibility to inf luence the assembly and operation of a RC aircraft model. This is why empha tic notification is herewith made about the hazards, and all liability for these is expressly rejected. Please address these issues with an experienced mod el pilot, a club or a model aircraft school. We also refer you to dealerships a nd relevant trade publications. The optimal situation is to fly from an approved model airfield as a club member. Adhesives and paints contain solvents which, under some circumstances, can be harmful to one's health. It is therefore imperat ive that the manufacturer's respective notices and warnings are observed. The operator must be in full possession of complete physical and mental facilities. As with driving an automobile, operatin g a model aircraft under the influence of alcohol or drugs is not allowed.

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Inform all persons passing by or watching about the hazards associated with your model before you start it. Always keep the necessary safe distance between the flying model and persons or objects; never execute low flying passes over or toward other persons! Model flying activity may only be pursued when outd oor temperatures are between -5 °C and +35 °C. Temperatures outside this range can lead to changes, e.g. rechargeable battery capacity, materi al characteristics and inadequate adhesive bonds. Every model pilot is to behave such that public saf ety and order (in particular other persons and property) as well as other model flying activities in the area are neither endangered nor disturbed. Never fly the model aircraft in the vicinity of hig h-voltage transmission lines, industrial premises, residential areas, public stre ets, plazas, school yards, parks or playgrounds and the like. Warnings must absolutely be observed. They point ou t situations and activities which, if disregarded, can lead to sever e injuries – in extreme cases even to lethal injuries or permanent disabilities. Therefore, check the model and all of its attached parts (e.g. RC parts, control arms, etc.) for secure seating and possible damage before every use. The model may only be put into operation after all defe cts have been corrected. Ensure that your footing is stable when you hold th e model in your hand. Wear appropriate footwear, such as tennis shoes. Check that the transmitter frequency to be used is free. Only then switch on the transmitter! Radio frequency interference cause d by unknown sources can occur anytime without warning! The model is then ou t of control and unpredictable! Do not leave the remote control syst em unattended, this prevents unauthorized third-parties from handling t he system. The model's flying attitude must always be explicit ly recognizable during the entire flight in order to ensure secure control and maneuvers. If functional impairments or disturbances become evident during a flight, a landing must be initiated immediately for reasons of safety. You must always avoid other aircraft. The take-off/landing strip must be free o f persons and other obstacles. Always ensure the batteries are fully charged as ot herwise the flawless operation of the RC system cannot be assured. Never use batteries which have been overheated, bec ome defective or are damaged. The battery manufacturer's usage instructi ons must always be followed.

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Prior to every flight, check the entire RC system a s well as the model aircraft for full functionality and range. Switch the transmitter on first and then the receiv er system. In reverse order upon shutdown, be sure to switch off the receiver f irst and only then switch off the transmitter. Check that the aircraft's control surfaces move in the directions they should with respect to movement of the joystick. After use, take all batteries out of the model and store it only in a discharged state (approx. 0.9 V per cell), out of the reach of children, in an environment having a temperature of between about + 5 C to + 2 5 C. These notices are intended to call attention to the diverse hazards that can arise from improper and irresponsible handling. Pro per, conscientious model aircraft flight is a creative, enlightening, refres hing recreational activity. Notices for the construction of and flying with ASH 31 MI Before the construction is begun: RC parts and rudder linkages are installed during the assembly in accordance with the construction stages. Installation at a later time is only possible with great difficult or is not possible at all. When purchasing a remote control system, be sure its transmitter and receiver are suitable for aircraft models , that they are certified by telecommunications authorities and that they have a test certification number. The frequency bands allocated to remote control are also used by other types of radio transmissions and high frequency devices. Therefore no protection against interference can be guaranteed for devices using these frequency bands. For additional information on this topic, please contact your local telecommunications authorities or your model building specialist dealer. During the construction phase Observe the safety and handling instructions of the manufacturer when working with adhesives and solvents. Some adhesives and solvents can cause harm to the health and material damage if they are not used properly. Return any remaining adhesive and paint to your specialist dealer or drop it off at a waste disposal center. Be aware that the balsa knife is sharp and pins are pointy and can easily cause injuries. Make sure that children do not have access to tools, adhesives or paints. A generously sized work surface is very advantageous for all types of handicraft work. Enlist the help of experienced model builders for d ifficult steps if you have little experience in model construction . About the flight Never fly the ASH 31 MI in nature reserves or landscape protection areas. Have consideration for the animals and plants living there. Trees and bushes are places where birds breed, nest and live.

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Important safety notices This is a construction set that – together with appropriate accessories – can become a functional RC model. GRAUPNER cannot monitor adherence to the assembly and operating instructions for the model nor can GRAUPNER supervise the installation, operation or maintenance of the model and its components. Therefore GRAUPNER accepts no liability whatsoever for losses, damage or costs that arise from improper operation, improper behavior or which are associated with same in any manner. Unless mandated by prevailing law, the obligation of the GRAUPNER company to provide damage compensation arising from the use of the model, regardless of the grounds, is excluded (this exclusion includes personal injury, death, damage to buildings or structures as well as sales and business losses, consequential damage for business interruption or other direct and indirect consequential damages). Total liability under all circumstances and in each case is limited to the amount actually paid for this model. The commissioning and operation of the model is solely at the risk of the operator. Only cautious, considered handling during operation of the model will prevent personal injuries and property damage.

If this is not the case, obtain special liability i nsurance coverage for RC models. These safety instructions must be kept and, if the model is sold, must be passed on the purchaser. Manufacturer declaration: If there should be an evident material or processing defect in one of the objects marketed in the Federal Republic of Germany and purchased by a consumer (§ 13 BGB) we, the company Graupner GmbH & Co KG, D 73230 Kirchheim/Teck, accept responsibility for eliminating the object's defect within the scope as specified below. The rights acquired through this manufacturer declaration cannot be asserted by the consumer when the object's usage impairment is due to natural wear, use under competitive conditions, improper usage (including improper installation), or external causes. This manufacturer declaration leaves the legal or contractual provisions for defect claims and the consumer's rights in the purchase contract with respect to the seller (dealer) unaffected. Scope of guarantee performance In the event of a guarantee claim, we reserve the right to choose between a repair or the replacement of defective goods. Further reaching claims, in particular claims for compensation of costs in conjunction with the defect (e.g. assembly/disassembly costs) and remuneration for consequential damages – when legally permitted – are excluded. Claims based on legal regulations, in particular those associated with product liability law, are unaffected by this. Prerequisite to guarantee performance

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The purchaser must assert claim for guarantee performance in writing, which is to be accompanied by the original purchase receipt (e.g. invoice, receipt, delivery note) and this guarantee card. The purchaser must also return the defective goods to the above address at his/her own cost. The purchaser is to state in the claim the nature of the material or processing defect or the defect's symptoms specifically enough that a review of our guarantee obligation is possible. The transportation of the object from purchaser to us as well as return transportation is at the risk of the purchaser. Period of validity This declaration is only valid during the entitlement period for making claims as stipulated by this declaration. The entitlement period is 24 months from the item's date of purchase by the consumer from a dealer in the Federal Republic of Germany (purchase date). If claims are made for defects after expiration of the entitlement period or the defects in the claim are not substantiated as required by this declaration or documents are only submitted after expiration of the entitlement period, then the purchaser is not entitled to rights or claims under this declaration. Limitation period To the extent we do not acknowledge liability for a properly submitted claim as specified by this declaration within the entitlement period, all rights of this declaration have a 6 month period of limitation from the point in time of claim submission but not earlier than the end of the entitlement period. Applicable law This declaration and all claims, rights and obligations arising therefrom are governed exclusively by German substantive law without the norms of international private law and under exclusion of applicability for the UN Convention on the International Sales of Goods. The following points must absolutely be observed: • Check the model for reliable response to the remote control unit and all plug-in

connections for secure connection before starting the model. • The batteries must have an adequate charge and the remote control unit's range

must be tested. The transmitter and receiver batteries, in particular, must be charged before every start.

• Check if the radio channel to be used is free. Never fly the model if it is not sure that the radio channel is free.

• Comply with the recommendations and notices associated with the remote control set and accessories.

• Be sure the servos are not mechanically obstructed throughout their range of motion.

• Batteries may not be short-circuited. • Remove the batteries for transport and when the model is not in use. • Do not expose the model to strong humidity, hot or cold temperatures or

contamination.

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• Protect the model and RC components against damage or slipping while they are being transported.

• IMPORTANT: The rechargeable battery built into the model must not be disposed of in household waste. The rechargeable battery must be turned in at an appropriate collection point. IMPORTANT: The model and the transmitter may not be thrown away as household waste but must be turned in to a collection point for electrical waste materials. Ask your local authorities about this.

• Pre-start checks Perform checks for proper operation and range before every session. Switch on the transmitter and receiver for this. Screw in the transmitter antenna and extend it to its full length. Check from an appropriate distance from the model whether all rudders function properly and throw in the correct direction. If you are a novice to model flying, it is advantageous to have an experienced helper at your side during the checks and the first few flights. Care and maintenance • Clean the model after every use. Clean the model and RC components only with

suitable cleaning materials. Contact your dealer for information about this.