4.24.2 Why do People Move? Why do People Move?Chapter 4 Chapter 4 p. 62-63p. 62-63

Why do people migrate?

Migrate – move to a new locationMigrate – move to a new location There are many reasons why people There are many reasons why people

choose to move, or migrate, but choose to move, or migrate, but generally they can be divided into generally they can be divided into twotwo categories: categories:

Why do people migrate? Push Factors: Disadvantageous (negative) factors in the home

country (country of origin) that make people want to leave.

Ex. Famine, unemployment, overcrowding, political turmoil, religious persecution, disease, crime

More Push Factors More Push Factors Not enough jobs Not enough jobs Few opportunities Few opportunities "Primitive" conditions "Primitive" conditions Political fear Political fear Poor medical care Poor medical care Not being able to practice religion Not being able to practice religion Loss of wealth Loss of wealth Natural Disasters Natural Disasters Death threats Death threats Slavery Slavery Poor housing Poor housing Landlords Landlords Bullying Bullying Poor chances of finding courtship Poor chances of finding courtship

Why do people migrate? Why do people migrate?

Pull Factors: advantageous (positive) factors in the drawing

(destination) country that attract people.

Better health and education, climate, jobs, escape…., political and religious freedom

More Pull Factors? More Pull Factors? Job opportunities Job opportunities Better living conditions Better living conditions Political freedomPolitical freedom Religious freedom Religious freedom Enjoyment Enjoyment Education Education Better medical care Better medical care Security Security Family links Family links Better chances of finding courtshipBetter chances of finding courtship

Why do people migrate? Why do people migrate? Positives (+) at the OriginPositives (+) at the Origin:

Positive Factors at the ORIGIN that may make them want to stay where they are and NOT move.

•Friends & Family connections•Country of birth•Familiarity with place•Cultural background

The NFLD CaseThe NFLD Case

Newfoundland Newfoundland Push Factors (-)Push Factors (-)

o Some people might report that they are Some people might report that they are pushedpushed out of Newfoundland and out of Newfoundland and Labrador for the following reasons: Labrador for the following reasons:

o lack of high-skilled jobs in the IT sector;

o lack of high-paying jobs; o lack of amenities attainable in

larger centers.

The NFLD CaseThe NFLD Case

Some people might report that they were Some people might report that they were drawn or drawn or pulled (+) pulled (+) to Ontario or to Ontario or Alberta for the following reasons:Alberta for the following reasons:

– Jobs, jobs, jobsJobs, jobs, jobs

– Choices…in everything! Business etc.Choices…in everything! Business etc.

– Expanded and better servicesExpanded and better services Ex. schools, health care, Ex. schools, health care,

transportation, business, sanitation transportation, business, sanitation and infrastructure, etc.and infrastructure, etc.

The NFLD CaseThe NFLD Case Some people might report that they would leave Newfoundland Some people might report that they would leave Newfoundland

and Labrador except for obstacles or + of home: and Labrador except for obstacles or + of home: Examples? Examples? Which type?Which type?

– they love the salt water; they love the salt water; (+ Origin)(+ Origin)

– parents are aging and need help & company;parents are aging and need help & company; (Intervening Obstacle)(Intervening Obstacle)

– they can not afford the trip away let alone the cost of setting they can not afford the trip away let alone the cost of setting up and trying to find a job. up and trying to find a job. (+ Origin)(+ Origin)

– Culture and roots are here. Culture and roots are here. (+ Origin)(+ Origin)

Positive Consequences of MigrationPositive Consequences of Migration

Expanded labor force – more peopleExpanded labor force – more people Skills, knowledge, creativity, work ethic and expertise Skills, knowledge, creativity, work ethic and expertise

are enhanced.are enhanced. Start businesses and further employ locals.Start businesses and further employ locals. Remittances ($) back to lesser developed areas…Remittances ($) back to lesser developed areas…

help them out as well!help them out as well! Young people, prime of life, hard working, tax paying Young people, prime of life, hard working, tax paying

individuals. Many years of contributing and individuals. Many years of contributing and supporting others.supporting others.

Cultural enrichment, tolerance, multiculturalism…Cultural enrichment, tolerance, multiculturalism… Do jobs that locals will not or can not do.Do jobs that locals will not or can not do.

Negative ConsequencesNegative Consequences

Take jobs away from localsTake jobs away from locals If they are the poor, it adds to the # of poor If they are the poor, it adds to the # of poor

already here and is more of a burden on the already here and is more of a burden on the local people, economies etc. Who pays for local people, economies etc. Who pays for this?this?

May create inner-city slums, housing shortage May create inner-city slums, housing shortage or homelessness in destination areaor homelessness in destination area

Cultural conflict with local identity… Ex. what Cultural conflict with local identity… Ex. what is it to be Canadian?is it to be Canadian?

Possible increase in crime rates.Possible increase in crime rates. Others??Others?? See Pages 70-71 + Review and Reflect #1,2See Pages 70-71 + Review and Reflect #1,2

Push and Pull FactorsPush and Pull Factors

PushPush bad or oppressive bad or oppressive

lawslaws heavy taxationheavy taxation unattractive climateunattractive climate uncongenial social uncongenial social

surrounding (and the surrounding (and the strength of social ties)strength of social ties)

compulsioncompulsion job lossjob loss political strife creating political strife creating

refugeesrefugees

PullPull Labor marketsLabor markets Educational Educational

opportunitiesopportunities Relative freedom from Relative freedom from

family obligationsfamily obligations Marriage opportunitiesMarriage opportunities Health advantagesHealth advantages Social networks, Social networks,

including family including family reunificationreunification