4.2 overview of photosynthesis video eyewitness plant watch video and answer the questions
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4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis•Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 41
•Topic: 4.2/4.3 Intro to Photosynthesis
•Essential Question:
What are the roles of chloroplasts and chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
What are the roles of chloroplasts and chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
4.2/4.3 Intro to Photosynthesis
Key Concept: The overall process of photosynthesis produces sugars that store chemical energy
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
CA Standard
1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells.
1.F Know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
Imagine you just planted beautiful roses in your garden.
What materials are crucial to the roses’ survival? In other words, what do the roses need to stay alive?
Discussion QuestionsPg. 40
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
What materials are crucial to the roses survival?
In other words, what do the roses need to stay alive?
• Water (H20)
• Sunlight
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Soil
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
KEY CONCEPTThe overall process of photosynthesis produces sugars that store chemical energy.
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
Solar powered homes, cars, and calculators are just a few things that use energy from sunlight.
In a way you are solar powered. Although the sun does not directly give you the energy.
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
How do we, as humans, get our chemical energy?
photosynthesis: Stores energy from sunlight in glucose
cellular respiration: breaks down glucose to release stored energy
in the form of ATP
Pg. 40
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy. Therefore, directly or indirectly, the energy for almost all organisms begins as sunlight.
(Sugar)
ProductsReactants
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
Photosynthetic organisms are producers.
• Producers make their own source of chemical energy (they make their own food).
• Ex: Plants
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
• They contain Chlorophyll, which is a molecule that absorbs light energy.
chloroplast
leaf cell
leaf
• Chloroplasts are organelles where photosynthesis occurs
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
– Thylakoid- Coin-shaped
compartments that contain chlorophyll
- Grana- stacks of thylakoids
– Stroma- Fluid that surrounds
the grana
chloroplast
stroma
granam
Thylakoid
4.2 Overview of PhotosynthesisLabel this Chloroplast
1
2
43
1.
2.
3.
4.Contains:
5.
6.
7. 8.
9.
10.Reactants
Products
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis10. granum (stack of thylakoids)
1.chloroplast2. sunlight
3. 6H2O
7. 6CO2
thylakoid 6. energy
5. 6O2
stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)
9. 1 six-carbon sugar
C6H12O68. Calvin Cycle
4. Thylakoid Contains: chlorophyll
Reactants
Products
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
• The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6
granum (stack of thylakoids)
thylakoid
sunlight
1 six-carbon sugar
6H2O
6CO2
6O2
chloroplastchloroplast1
2
43
energy
stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)
Carbon dioxide water light, enzymes a sugar oxygen
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
• The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
How many Cs?
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
• The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
How many Cs?
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
• The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
How many Cs?
How many Os?
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
• The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
How many Cs?
How many Os?
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
• The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
How many Cs?
How many O2s?
How many Hs?
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
• The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
How many Cs?
How many Os?
How many Hs?
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
• The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6
granum (stack of thylakoids)
thylakoid
sunlight
1 six-carbon sugar
6H2O
6CO2
6O2
chloroplastchloroplast1
2
43
energy
stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)
Carbon dioxide water light, enzymes a sugar oxygen
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis•Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 43
•Topic: 4.2/4.3 Light Dependent Reactions
•Essential Question:
How do the two photosystems work together to capture energy from sunlight?
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
How do the two photosystems work together to capture energy from sunlight?
4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Dependent Reactions
Key Concept: Photosynthesis requires a series of chemical reactions
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
Reactants: (What do we need for photosynthesis?
•Sunlight•H2O water
•CO2 carbon dioxide
Products:
•O2 oxygen
•Glucose (sugar)
• The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
• Light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight (The reactions depend on light!).
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
Light Dependent reactions- take place in the thylakoids
•Sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll
•6 H2O (water) molecules are broken down
• H+, e-, O2
•6 O2 (oxygen) are released as waste
•The energy is carried by ATP and NADPH molecules to fuel the light independent reactionsLI
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4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
Classwork • On pg. 42:
–Make a flow map which includes the reactants and products of light dependent reactions
–All 7 parts of Light-Dependent Reactions
–Label Photosystem II and Photosystem I
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
REACTANTS
2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
PRODUCTS
1.
Nam
eN
ame
LIGHT –DEPENDENT REACTIONSPg. 109-110 in book
Pg. 42 INB
1. •Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight
•The energy is transferred to electrons (e-) in the chlorophyll
• These high energy electrons enter an Electron Transport Chain
Photosystem II
2. •Water molecules split:
• Oxygen• released as waste
• Hydrogen • Hydrogen ions (H+)• Electrons (e-)
• The electrons from the water replace the electrons lost from the chlorophyll in step 1
3. •Electrons move from protein to protein in the ETC
• Their energy is used to pump the (H+) inside the thylakoid (against the concentration gradient)
• H+ build up inside the thylakoid
Photosystem I4. •Absorb energy from sunlight
•Electrons are energized and leave the chlorophyll
•The e- on the ETC in Photosystem II will replace the e- lost in step 4
5.•The energized electrons are added to a molecule called NADP+ (like ADP)
•A molecule of NADPH (like ATP) is made
•NADPH will continue to the Light-Independent reactions
6. •H+ ions have built up inside the thylakoid from Photosystem II (more inside than outside)
•H+ flow though a protein channel through diffusion
7. •As H+ flow though the protein channel…
•ATP synthase makes ATP by adding phosphates to ADP
•ATP will move on to the Light-Independent Reactions
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
REACTANTS
2. Water molecules split: H+, Electrons, and O2
3. Electrons move through the ETC-Hydrogen ions (H+) transported inside thylakoid
4. Chlorophyll absorbs more energy from sunlight. Electrons leave to the ETC
5.Electrons added to NADP+ to make NADPH
6. Hydrogen Ions diffuse out of the thylakoid through a protein channel
7. As H+ ions flow through the protein channel, ATP is made
PRODUCTS
1. Energy is absorbed from sunlight by chlorophyll- Electrons enter E.T.C.
OxygenReleased as waste
Photosystem
IIP
hotosystem I
NADPH
ATP
H2O
LIGHT -DEPENDENTREACTIONS
Sunlight
Sunlight
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
Light-Dependent Reactions Order Game
•In pairs, put the Light-Dependent Reactions in order
1st 3 groups: Gets a treat!!!!
Please close notebooks…..
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis•Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 45
•Topic: 4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Independent Reactions
•Essential Question:
Explain the relationship between light-dependent and the light-independent reactions.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Explain the relationship between light-dependent and the light-independent reactions.
4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Independent Reactions
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
– The energy from both NADPH and ATP is used to make sugars during light-independent reactions.
Light-Dependent Reactions
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
• The light-independent reactions use energy from light-dependent reactions to make sugars.
– takes place in the stroma
– needs 6 CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) from atmosphere
– uses light-Dependent ATP/NADPH (energy) to build a sugar molecule which stores some of the energy that was captured from sunlightLI
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4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
The energy from the light dependent reactions is used for a series of reactions called the Calvin Cycle.
Calvin Cycle: uses carbon dioxide CO2 gas from the atmosphere and the energy carried by ATP and NADPH to make simple sugars.
1 6-carbon
sugar made
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
– 1. a CO2CO2 molecule is added to a 5-carbon molecule 5-carbon molecule already in the Calvin Cycle.
– A 6-carbon molecule6-carbon molecule is formed
1.
+
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
– 2. ATPATP and NADPHNADPH are used to split the six-carbon molecules
– Two 3-Carbon molecules 3-Carbon molecules are formed
2.
+
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
– 3. Most of the 3-Carbon molecules stay in the Calvin Cycle– One high energy 3-Carbon molecule 3-Carbon molecule leaves the cycle for
every 3 CO2 molecules that enter the cycle (3 turns)– After two leave (6 turns), they bond together, forming a 6-6-
Carbon sugar moleculeCarbon sugar molecule
3.
+
This one has been waiting…
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
– 4. Energy from ATP ATP is used to change the remaining 3-carbon molecules 3-carbon molecules back into 5-carbon molecules5-carbon molecules– These will be added to CO2CO2 and the cycle continues…
3.
+
This one has been waiting…
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
Light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight and produces oxygen as a byproduct.
Light-independent reactions use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars.
ATP NADPH
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
Key: Glucose (sugar) Light Dependent Light IndependentSunlight Thylakoid Chloroplast Calvin CycleH2O CO2 O2 Stroma Photosystem I Photosystem ll
….Reactants…..
….Products…..