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--The Wireless Electricity.

By

Karan Bir Singh

E073026


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What is witricity?

Witricity is nothing but wireless electricity.

Transmission of electrical energy from one

object to another without the use of wires is

called as Witricity.

Because of Witricity some of the devices

won't require batteries to operate.


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basics

electricity

magnetism

Energy

coupling

Magnetic

induction

Electro

magnetism

Resonant

magnetic

coupling

RESONANCE


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Electromagnetic induction is the

production of voltage across a

conductor moving through a

magnetic field.

Electromagnetism is one of the four

fundamental interactions of nature,

along with strong interaction, weak

interaction and gravitation. It is the

force that causes the interactionbetween electrically charged

particles; the areas in which this

happens are called electromagnetic

fieldsEnergy/Power Coupling: Energy

coupling occurs whenanenergy

source has a means of transferring

energy to another object


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Resonance :is the tendency of a

system to oscillate with larger

amplitude at some frequencies than

at others. These are known as the

system's resonant frequencies (or

resonance frequencies). At these

frequencies, even small periodic

driving forces can produce largeamplitude oscillations

Resonant Magnetic Coupling:

Magnetic coupling occurs when two

objects exchange energy throughtheir varying or oscillating magnetic

fields. Resonant coupling occurs

when the natural frequencies of the

two objects are approximately the

same.


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The Transfer of Electricity from one place to another withoutwires is known as Witricity.

There is witricity power sources(transmitter) and capture

devices(receiver).

Power sourceprovides power to the devices where as capture

device captured it to work.

Power source and capture devices are specially designedmagnetic resonators.

Magnetic resonators efficiently transfer power over mid-range

distance via the magnetic near-field.


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Near field

Near field is a wireless transmissiontechnique over distances comparable to or a

few times the diameter of devices.

Near field is usually magnetic.

Near field energy is non radiative .but someradiative and resistive losses will occur.


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Coupled resonators

Two resonant objects of the same resonantfrequency tend to exchange energy.

It exchange energy strongly ,while interactingweakly with living beings and otherenvironmental objects.

Coupled resonators are said to be operate instrongly coupled regime to avoid materialabsorption and radiative loss.


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MIT teams behind witricity technologyThe first experiment of witricity, the concept of wireless

electricity, was conducted in the year 2006, by researchers

from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The AssistantProfessor of this team of researchers was Marin Soljacic.

2007: A physics

research group, led by

Prof. Marin Soljacic,at MIT,

wirelessly power a 60Wlight bulb with 40%

efficiency at a 2 meters

(6.6 ft) distance using two

60 cm-diameter coils


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Diagram of power source and capture

device

Power source is connected to acpower.

Bulb is connected to capture device.

Blue lines represent the magnetic near

field induced by the power source.

Yellow lines represent the flow of

energy from the source to the capture

coil.

This powers light bulb.

The magnetic field can wrap around

the obstacle between power source and

capture coil.


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Witricity technology is more than

Traditional magnetic induction.

Radiative power transfer.

Teslas vision of a wireless world.


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Used in power transformers.

conductive coils transmit power to each

other wirelessly, over very short distance.

An electric tooth brush uses

traditional magnetic induction to

recharge its batteries


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Radio frequency energy is used for wireless

power transfer.

Radiated power is wasted into free space

Need line of sight.

Harmful.

Microwave oven utilizes

radiation to cook foods


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Nikola Tesla the most well known scientist

had a vision of wireless world.

In which wireless electric power and

communication would reach around the world,

delivering information and power.

WardenclyffeTower

Dec 1914

US Patent No. :1,119,732


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Features and benefits

Witricitys Technology Technology BenefitHighly resonant strong coupling High efficiency over distance

Energy transfer via magnetic near

field

Can penetrate and wrap around

obstacles

Non radiative energy transfer Safe for living beings and otherenvironmental objects

Flexible geometry Device that can fit into OEM (original

equipment manufactures)products

Scalable design From Mw to kW


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Applications


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WITRICITY APPLICATIONS

Automatic wireless charging of

mobile electronics in home, car,

office,...while devices are in use

and mobile.

Direct wireless powering of

stationary deviceseliminating

expensive custom wiring,

unsightly cables and wall-wart

power supplies.


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Robots, packagemachinery, assemblymachinery, machinetools.

Direct wireless powerand communication

interconnections atpoints of use in harshenvironments.

Direct wireless power for

wireless sensors andactuators, eliminatingthe need for expensivepower wiring or batteryreplacement and

disposal.


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Automatic wireless

charging for existingelectric vehicle classes:golf carts, industrialvehicles.

Automatic wirelesscharging for future hybridand all-electric passenger

and commercial vehicles,at home, in parkinggarages, at fleet depots,and at remote kiosks.


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Other ApplicationsDirect wireless power

interconnections and

automatic wirelesscharging for implantablemedical devices .

Automatic wirelesscharging and for high techmilitary systems.

Direct wireless poweringand automatic wirelesscharging of smartcards.

Direct wireless poweringand automatic wirelesscharging ofconsumerAppliance, mobile robots,etc.


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ADVANTAGES

No need of line of sight.

No need of power cablesand batteries.

Does not interfere with

radio waves. Wastage of power issmall .

Negative health

implications.

Highly efficient than

electromagnetic induction

Less costly.


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Limitations:

The resonance condition should be satisfied and

if any error exists, there is no possibility of power

transfer.

If there is any possibility of very strong

ferromagnetic material presence causes low power

transfer due to radiation.


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References

Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances Andr

Kurs,Aristeidis Karalis,Robert Moffatt,1 J. D. Joannopoulos,Peter Fisher,

Marin Soljacic .

Efficient wireless non-radiative mid-range energy transfer AristeidisKaralis*, J.D. Joannopoulos, and Marin Soljai Center for Materials

Science and Engineering and Research Laboratory of Electronics

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue,

Cambridge, MA 02139, USA .

Magnetic Resonant Coupling As a Potential Means for Wireless Power

Transfer to Multiple Small Receivers.


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