4.1 air sea interaction student
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 6
Air-Sea Interaction
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Earths SeasonsEarths axis of rotation is tilted _____ with respect
to ecliptic plane traced !" Earths solar or!it#$ Axis alwa"s points in the sa%e direction& ______________
Seasonal chan'es and Earths rotation ca(se (ne)(alsolar heatin' of Earths s(rface
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SeasonsTilt responsi!le for seasons
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*ernal sprin'# e)(inox +arch ,st
____________________________________ S(%%er solstice - .(ne ,st
S(n is directl" ______________________________
A(t(%nal e)(inox Septe%!er ,/rd
S(n is directl" ____________________________
0inter solstice -
1ece%!er ,,nd S(n is directl" _____________________________
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Solar Ener'" on Earth
1eclination2 an'(lar distance of S(n fro% the
_________________________ *aries !etween ___________________________
Tropics 2 recei3es %(ch 'reater ann(al radiation than polar
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Polar areas Arctic Circle 2 66$4 5orth latit(de
Antarctic Circle 2 66$4 So(th latit(de
0inters- ___________________
(p to 6 %onths of ________S(%%ers- ____________________
(p to 6 %onths of ________
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1istri!(tion of Solar Ener'"
$ Solar footprintConcentrated solar
radiation at lowlatit(des
S%all solar footprint
Solar radiation %orediff(se at hi'hlatit(des ar'e solar footprint
Sa%e a%o(nt of radiationspread o3er a lar'er area
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,$ At%osphere a!sor!s radiation Thic7ness 3aries with latit(de
____________________
/$ Al!edo - Reflecti3it" of a s(rface Hi'h al!edo 2 %ore ________
ow al!edo 2 %ore _________
8$ An'le of s(n on sea s(rface 1eter%ines how %(ch radiation
is a!sor!ed and reflected
As an'le increases& _______________________________
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9ceanic Heat :low
Hi'h latit(des2%ore heatlost than 'ained Ice has __________
ar'e solar footprint
ow latit(des2%ore heat'ained than lost
Circ(lation in !oth
oceans and at%ospheretransfer heat
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Troposphere 2 lowest la"er of at%osphere0here all _________________
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1ensit" *ariations in the At%osphere
0ar% air rises ess dense
Cool air sin7s +ore dense
+oist air rises
ess dense1r" air sin7s +ore dense
Con3ection cell 2 risin' and sin7in' air
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At%ospheric Press(re
0hat 7ind of air creates hi'h s(rface press(re;Cool& dr" dense# air ___________ ___________ s(rface press(re
0ar%& %oist air _____________ ___________s(rface press(re
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2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
+o3e%ent of the At%osphere
Air alwaysflows fro% _________________ Ex$
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+o3e%ents in the Air
Exa%ple= a non-rotatin' EarthAir rises at e)(ator low
press(re#Air sin7s at poles hi'h
press(re#
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The Coriolis Effect
Eastward rotation of Earth on its axis deflects the
%o3in' air or water awa" fro% its initial co(rse To_______in 5orthern He%isphere
To ______ in So(thern He%isphere
1(e to Earths _________
http://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?vmcPs!"d#"$%
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The Coriolis EffectCa(sed !" the difference in __________________
> 7%?ho(r at poles +ore than 6>> 7%?ho(r >>> %iles?ho(r# at e)(ator
@reatest effect on o!ects that %o3e______________________________
http://www.youtube.com/watch?vae$&t$&v'(s
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Rotation on a @lo!e
) *u++ao and #uito ocated on same ine o+ on(itude -&) *oth cities circes the (obe in one day -30/24 hours 15/1 hour) #uito has ar(er circum+erence6 thus, traves +arther
) #uito needs to trave +aster than *u++ao
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Apparent 1eflection
) 7ypothetica war (ame
) I+ a cannonba is shot north
+rom #uito
) It wi trave a strai(ht path
) *ut, because Earth isrotatin( east to west
) 8he cannonba appears to
veer to the ri(ht in 9orthern
7emisphere
) han(e in veocity with
atitude is the true cause o+
the oriois E++ect
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@lo!al At%ospheric Circ(lation
Circ(lation Cells 2 set in each he%isphere Hadle" Cell= >2/>B latit(de :errel Cell= />26> B latit(de
Polar Cell= 6>2> B latit(de
http://www.youtub
e.com/watch?
v;7rap
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Hi'h press(re Dones 2 __________________ _______________
S(!tropical hi'hs 2 />B latit(de
Polar hi'hs 2>B latit(de
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ow press(re Dones 2 ________________ _______________________________
E)(atorial low2 e)(ator S(!polar lows 2 6>B latit(de
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@lo!al 0ind 26>Blatit(dePolar easterlies2 6>2>B latit(de
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B latit(de Polar fronts 2 6>B latit(de
Polar fronts
Polar fronts
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IdealiDed Three-Cell +odel+ore co%plex in realit" d(e to 1ifferences in _______________!etween
continents and ocean
1istri!(tion of continents and ocean
__________________
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0eather2 conditions of at%osphere at specific__________________________
Cli%ate2 __________________________
_____________________________
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0indsHi'h and ow Press(re
C"clonic flow loosen# Co(ntercloc7wise
aro(nd a low in5orthern He%isphere
Cloc7wise in So(thern
He%isphereAntic"clonic flow
ti'then# Cloc7wise aro(nd a
hi'h in 5orthern
He%isphere Co(ntercloc7wiseSo(thern He%isphere
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C"clones ow press(re air_____________________
In 9orthern 7emisphere
Antic"clonesHi'h press(re air
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
____________
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0inter hi'h press(re cells are replaced !"s(%%er low press(re cells o3er continents_________________________________
In 9orthern 7emisphere
* i i i + 0i d
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*ariations in +onsoon 0inds
Seasonal
anuaryuy
Exa%ple= Seasonal shifts in at%ospheric press(re o3er Asiaca(ses %onsoon winds$
In summer:
>ir rises over warmed and, condenses
=udden and ar(e voume o+ precipitation
inds accumuate more 72" vapor +rom ocean
In winter have opposite e++ect
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1ifferential solarheatin' is d(e todifferent heatcapacities of land
and water$_________________________
_________________________
Sea and and
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"cean@s cimate
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Tropical and s(!tropical cli%ate Dones
H(rricane - ar'e rotatin' %asses of _________
Also called T"phoons
C"clones
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H(rricane 9ri'ins ow press(re cell
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0inds feed water 3aporinto stor%
_______________________________________
___________________ __________________
________________________________
_______________________________ 1raws additional war% %oist
s(rface air into stor% Intensif"in' stor%
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Re)(ire 9cean water war%er than ____________
Pro3ides water ______________________
0ar%& %oist air Pro3ides __________________________
The Coriolis Effect
Ca(ses stor% to spin
H(rricane season is .(ne 2 5o3e%!er />
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A!o(t >> worldwide per "ear
7istorica =torm 8racAs
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H(rricane 1estr(ction
Hi'h windsIntense rainfall
____________2 increase in shoreline sea le3el +ost se3ere d(rin' ________________
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Stor% 1estr(ction
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v(dBiiC9Dho+eaturereated
http://www.youtube.com/watch?vF
'ou07*pC4>+eaturerem+u
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H(rricane Intensit"- +eas(red on the ______________
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S(!polar cli%ate Done 0inter sea ice
Polar cli%ate Done Sea ice %ost of the "ear
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Sea Ice :or%ation
Sea ice for%s at s(rface
Salinit" _________________________ 1ecreases freeDin' point
_____________________________________________
________________
_________________ S(rface water freeDes
Esta!lish a circ(lationpattern