4.1 & 4.2 plate tectonics. as explorers began bringing back information about the world, map...
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4.1 & 4.2 Plate Tectonics
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As explorers began bringing back information about the world, map makers began to notice the coastlines of continents could possibly be
matched up……
• Where the continents once touching????• This led to the formation of a hypothesis.
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Continental Drift• Hypothesis that continents had moved.– Pangaea: single landmass– Panthalassa: all seas
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Evidence for Continental Drift1) Fossils of plants and animals in areas that would
have been joined in Pangaea2) Similar age and types of rocks• South America (Brazil) and Africa
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Evidence of Continental Drift
3) Sea floor Spreading• Mid Ocean Ridges
4) Paleomagnetism
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3) Seafloor spreading• Newest rock is found at mid ocean ridges• The mid ocean ridges are breaks where
magma flows up from with in the earth forming new rock.
• Ocean floor is moving away from these rifts
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Journal: Seafloor spreading• Where is the newest (youngest) oceanic rock
found in the diagram?• Where is the oldest oceanic rock found in the
diagram?
A B C
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Journal
• In your own words, describe seafloor spreading:
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4) Paleomagnetism• As magma solidifies, the iron in it aligns with
earth’s magnetic field.• As earth’s poles switched, the iron bands
polarity switched as well. • There is a pattern on each side of a mid ocean ridge which shows that the sides where formed at the same time and then spread out!
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The Theory of Plate Tectonics
• Describes continental movement and proposes an explanation– 2 types of Crust Oceanic & Continental which
make up the lithosphere– Below the lithosphere is the asthenosphere which
had the ability to flow.
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The Theory of Plate Tectonics
• The pieces of lithosphere float on top of the asthenosphere
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What causes plate motion???• Convection Currents: warm material rising,
cool material sinking– Based on density differences– Less dense materials rise (warm magma)– More dense materials sink (cool magma)
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What causes plate motion???In plate tectonics, - cycle of warm magma rising up to the
lithosphere where it cools and solidifies- The new lithosphere moves away from the
mid ocean ridges- It cools and becomes more dense- It eventually is subducted into the
asthenosphere
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3 main types of Plate Boundaries
• Divergent• Convergent • Transform/ Transverse
Journal – What does the word diverge mean?– What does the word converge mean?
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Journal: Boundaries
Divergent Convergent Transform/ Transverse
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Divergent Boundaries
• Two plates moving away from each other• Forms: – Rift Valley (Continental/Continental)– Mid Ocean Ridges (Oceanic/Oceanic)
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Convergent Boundaries• The direct collision of two plates– Oceanic-Continental • Form subduction zones and volcanoes
– Continental-Continental • Form mountains
– Oceanic-Oceanic• Form Island arcs
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Transform/Transverse Boundaries
• When two plates move past each other– Form Faults
– Can you name a famous local fault???
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Microplate Terranes
• Continents are a patchwork of terranes• Terranes: pieces of lithosphere– Own geological history– Separated by faults at its boundaries– Own magnetic properties
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On a separate piece of paper….
Quiz yourself:1.Name and describe the 3 types of plate
boundaries.2.At what type of boundary would island arcs be
found?3.What is the evidence for continental drift?