41-175 introduction to digital signal processingocw.sogang.ac.kr/rfile/2016/digital signal...

EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing 1

41-175 Introduction to Digital Signal

Processing

Spring 2016

Prof. Tai-kyong Song

Dept. of Electronic Engineering

SOGANG UNIVERSITY

2

Administration

Motivation

Course description, objectives and topics to learn

Lecture 1: Overall review of Logic Design Fundamentals

Agenda

EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

3

Administration

Textbook:

Boaz Porat, A Course in Digital Signal Processing, John Wiley&sons,

Inc., 1997.

Recommended:

G.Proakis and D. G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing, 3rd ED.

Prentice-Hall int. Inc., 1996.

Sanjit K. Mitra, Digital Signal Processing: A computer-based

approach, 3rd edition, 2004“Rapid Prorotyping of Digital Systems,”

Springer, 2006

V. K. Ingle and J. G. Proakis, Digital Signal Processing using

MATLAB, PWS.

Extra handouts, papers to read, MATLAB manual, etc


4

Administration

Grading: Homework: 15%

Project: 15%

Participation: 5%

Quiz: 5%

Midterm: 30%

Final: 30%

Quiz: Announced at the end of the previous class

Midterm exam: TBD

Final: TBD


Motivation

How much is “Digital Signal Processing” important ?

All kinds of Information

are represented by

electric signals.

5EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

Motivation


Signal processingis aimed for various purposes at

manipulation of information-carrying

signals


Motivation


Mostly, we process the signals

using

digital techniques.


8

DSP Applications

Speech

audio

계측기

Robot

자동차

국방

반도체

가전

통신

영상

의료


Goals

Modern DSP:

DSP algorithms to realize new ideas, methods, and solutions.

Key to understand or design information processing systems

Hardware solution: FPGA, VLSI

Software solution: Digital Signal Processor

Computer aided; Multi-rate; Advanced transforms


GOALS

You must be able to

understand

fundamental DSP theories

and apply them to

real-world engineering


GOALS

If you can design and Implement

any new ideas,

it will be a great fun!


12

Topics

Topics and Core Objectives

Week 1: Introduction / Review of Frequency Domain Analysis

Week 2: DTFT, Sampling and Reconstruction

Week 3-4: DFT, FFT

Week 5-6: z-transform and its application

Week 7: Windows and Spectrum analysis

Week 8: Mid-term exam

Week 9-10: FIR and IIR filters

Week 11-12: Design and Implementation of digital filters

Week 13-14: Multirate signal processing

Week 15: Applications of DSP

Week 16: Final exam


13

Lecture 1:

Introduction to DSP & Review of

Frequency Domain Analysis

Part 1: Introduction to DSP


14

Signal Processing : Applications

Signal Processing Systems Design (analog / digital)

1. Ideas or Required Functions

2. Algorithms to solve the problem and for its design/implementation

3. Algorithm verification and Analysis

4. Signal Flow Design: Block diagram, etc

5. System Architecture Design

6. Hardware / Software Design

7. Implementation and Debugging(test and correction)

8. Optimization


15



For each of the following 3 examples,

Can you explain how it works?

Can you do mathematical and frequency-domain analysis?

Can you design required signal processing blocks (e.g., filter)?

Can you invent (design) the signal processing algorithms

and implement them?

How(method)?, Theory?, HW/SW design?

Great fun, if you can.

16


Example 1: Analog AC-to-DC converter


AC DCto

How to design and make such a device?

17


Example 1: Analog rectifier


Does the varying DC have a non-varying DC component?

18


Example 1: Analog rectifier


Output waveform ?

1. without a load (R)

2. with a load

How to analyze?

19


Example 2-1: Analog modulator/demodulator


Amplitude modulator / demodulator

1. Time-domain Analysis vs. Frequency-domain Analysis?

2. LPF’s specification and its design/implementation?

20


Example 2-2: Digital modulator/demodulator


X

X

ADC

DACLPF

y(n)

x(n)x(t)

r(n) ˆ( )x n ˆ( )x t

cos( ? )n

y(n)1. What should we determine?

2. How to design ?

3. Theories and methods

related to 1 and 2.

cos( ? )n

( )ˆ( )

( )

x tx t

x t

21


Example 3-1: Quadrature demodulation – analog and digital?


X

r(t)0cos(2 )F t

LPF

X

0sin(2 )F t

LPF

0( ) ( )cos(2 )r t a t F t

( ) ( )cos( )Cu t a t

( ) ( )sin( )Su t a t

22


Example 3-2: Quadrature amplitude modulator / demodulator


Quadrature amplitude mod / demod

23

A/D (Analog-to-Digital) Conversion

Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC, A/D converter)

A device that converts analog signals to digital signals

Coder

Sampler

ADC

signaltime -Discrete snTx :)(

)/1(: sTrate Sampling sF

)(tx )(nx

Quantizer

Input

Amplitude

Outp

ut

Am

plitu

de ......

. . . . . . . . . ..

)(tx

sFsT /1

)( snTx

n

Quantizer


Identify

CTCA

CTDA

DTCA

DTDA

24

Signals

Classification of Signals

Continuous-time Continuous-amplitude signals (analog signals)

Continuous-time Discrete-amplitude signals

Discrete-time Continuous-amplitude signals

Discrete-time Discrete-amplitude (DTDA) signals

Digital signals:

DTDA signals encoded with binary numbers.

Represented by digital sequence of numbers

Multi-channel and multi-dimensional signals


25

Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

DSP System

ADC DAC

Digital

Signal

Processing

Analog

input

signal

Analog

output

signal

Digital

input signal

Digital

output signal

Sensor


Amp Filter

ADC DACReconst

ructionDSPS/H

Post-Processing

Pre-processing

(Anti-aliasing filter)

26

Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

Advantages

유연성 (Flexibility)

프로세서나컴퓨터를이용한소프트웨어처리

기능의변경이나추가용이

고정밀도 (High accuracy)

아날로그방식에비하여매우정확하고 artifact가적도록처리가능

고성능/충실도 (High performance/fidelity)

어떠한복잡도의신호처리기법도구현가능

경제적/소형 (Cheaper/smaller systems)

프로세서와디지털 VLSI 기술의급격한발전에기인


27

DSP System Design

IC 발전동향 Year 1947 1950 1961 1966 1971 1980 1990 2000

기술트랜지스터

발명개별 부품 SSI MSI LSI VLSI ULSI GSI

상용 칩당

트랜지스터

개수

1 1 10 100-10001000-

20,000

20,000-

1,000,000

1,000,000-

10,000,000

10,000,000

이상

응용 예 -

접합

트랜지스터

다이오드

평판 소자

로직게이트

플립 플롭

카운터

곱셈기

덧셈기

8 비트

마이크로

프로세서

ROM

RAM

16-32비트

마이크로

프로세서

복잡한

주변기기

GHM

DRAM

고성능

프로세서

가상

현실 기계

고성능

센서

* LSI : Large-Scale Integration

* MSI : Medium-Scale Integration

* SSI : Small-Scale Integration

* GSI : Giant-Scale Integration

* ULSI : Ultra Large-Scale Integration

* VLSI : Very Large-Scale Integration

System

on a

Chip

28

DSP System Design

DSP 발전동향


29

DSP System Design

External

InterfaceASIC

MemoryDSP

(Digital Signal Processor)

FPGA

(Field Programmable Gate Array)

Plus other

digital devices

Clock Generator


30

DSP System Design

Application example: Cellular Phone Block Diagram

31

DSP: Fundamental Questions?

Origin or Motivation of DSP?

Computer Processing

Needed a new signal type that computers can handle

Question: Can computer process analog signals?

1. If yes, how can you store the analog data into computer

memory?

2. If no, in which format will you represent analog signals and

store the resulting data into computer memory?


32


A/D conversion or sampling rule ?

What happens when sampling the signals ?

How to reconstruct the analog signal from the sampled data ?

Can we reconstruct the original analog input signal

exactly ?


33


1. The following two CT signals x0(t) and x1(t) are different,

but their samples are identical.

2. Then, how do we know what the sampled data represents?

What will be reconstructed from the sampled data?

)(0 tx )(1 tx

sFT /1

You will learn the theories related to this question

and their applications


34

Why frequency domain analysis?

Rectifier [2]: further discussions

Frequency components of the following waveforms?

f [KHz]

60

f

120 240f time

V

5


Frequency components of each signal ?

35

Frequency domain analysis: analog vs. digital

Analog signal vs. Digital signal

(CTCA, CTDA, DTCA, DTDA)

Continuous-time signals : periodic and aperiodic

Discrete-time signals : periodic and aperiodic

Laplace transform

Fourier Transform (FT)

Fourier Series (FS)

Z-transform

Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT)

Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) / FFT


41-175 introduction to digital signal processingocw.sogang.ac.kr/rfile/2016/digital signal...

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