4 - the french and indian war

8/7/2019 4 - The French and Indian War

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The French and Indian War


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R ead and Interpret A Cause of theWar with Your Study Buddy

By the forts [the French] have already built,the British Plantations [settlements] are in amanner Surrounded by [French] Commerce withthe numerous Nations of Indians. [The French] may, when they please, send out such Bodys of Indians on the back [outskirts] of thesePlantations as may greatly distress [threaten] hisMajesty's Subjects here. Alexander Spotswood, lieutenant governor of Virginia


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Causes1. Competition over the Forks of the Ohio R iver 2. Conflict of interests in trade3. Competition for the business of Native

Americans4. Traditional conflict between French and British

5. Many wars back in Europe increase tensions


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The Two Sides

FrenchandIndians

Britishand their N. Amallies


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Albany Plan of UnionProposed by Benjamin Franklin (PA) whendiscussing issues with French and NativeAmericansCalled for a grand council of delegates fromeach colony, all elected by their coloniallegislaturesWould be led by a president general appointedby the KingBased on the structure and idea of the Iroquoisleague


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Albany Plan of UnionR EJECTED by the colonial legislaturesColonies did not want to give up power to afederal power Shows the beginning of conflict between colonialpowers and national power

Provided a basic model for early American govtFranklin criticizes their failure with the firstAmerican political cartoon


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The French and Indians Take AnEarly Lead

British had more troops but French hadstable forts along the riversBritish continue to use traditional fightingFrench and Native Americas use guerillawarfare


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The Battle for Fort NecessityJuly 9, 1755, 900French and Native

Americans surprised aforce of nearly 1,500British troops and 450colonial militia

armed citizens whoserve as soldiers duringan emergency.


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Battle of Fort NecessityFierce three-hour battleAbout a third of the British force was killed or

woundedBritish commander - General Edward Braddockkilled

We shall better know how to deal with them another time

George Washington (young soldier under Braddock)claimed the British ran away like sheep running awayfrom dogs


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MAPLabel Original 13 coloniesLabel R ivers Ohio, Monongahela, Allegheny,

MississippiLabel Great LakesCities Charleston, Philadelphia, NYC, Boston,R ichmond, Providence, Ft. NecessityAtlantic OceanAppalachian MountainsColor all water very lightly in blue


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The British Turn the TideWith added money support the British begin totake the lead

Begin working to take fort by fortFrench begin to give up forts around the GreatLakes and move back to New France

The Iroquois shift their allegiance to the Britishbelieving the French cause was hopeless


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The Fall of QuebecThe British invaded NewFrance and went for thecapital at QuebecGeneral James Wolfe ledabout 9,000 Britishtroops.Marquis de Montcalm led

7,500 French troopsSuccessfully defendedQuebec.

Wolfe

Montcalm


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Fall of QuebecWolfe decides to laysiege (surround theenemy force and blockany items from coming inor going out) to preventany more losses to hisown troopsSiege continued butcoming freeze to thewaters meant they had todo something fast


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The Fall of QuebecWolfe began moving his troops up a narrow, undefendedpath on the side of Quebec's cliffs.4,500 British troops ready to attackMontcalm moved 4,500 troops out of the city to battle theenemy (did not wait for about 3,000 reinforcements tocome)French received many loses

Both Wolfe and Montcalm were killed in the fightingA few days later, the city surrendered.


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Death of Montcalm


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Death of Wolfe


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British begin to take everythingBritish took Quebec and then many other keycities begin to fall

British forces took the city of MontrealWith Montreal and Quebec fallen the Britishcontrol New France

By 1761, the British had seized Fort Detroit andother French posts along the Great Lakes


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The Treaty of Paris (1763)R epresentatives of Great Britain, France, andSpain signed a treaty in Paris, France.Ended the French and Indian War in Americaand the Seven Years' War in Europe.Treaty Points

New France east of the Mississippi R iver to BritainNew Orleans given to Spain along with New France

west of the Mississippi R iver.The British returned Cuba, which they had capturedduring the war, to Spain in exchange for Florida.


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How do the British win the war?1. Parliament sent a whole lot of money to

support the effort fearing the impact onthe empire if the French won

2. Better prepared, better led troops3. Good strategy4. Gain Iroquois as allies


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IMPACT!!!!1. British thought the colonists did not do

enough to defend themselves2. Americans shocked by how long it took

British to win3. Americans felt their British leadership

did not support them


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American impression of British

LeadershipThe roar of [muskets] terrified me. Our regiment formed among the trees, behind which

the men kept stepping from their ranks for shelter. Colonel Preble swore he would knock the first man down who should step out of hisranks, which greatly surprised me, to think that I

must stand still to be shot at. Massachusetts militiaman


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Impact!!!!4. Americans lost respect for British

military power 5. Americans felt disrespected by British6. The colonists can move further west

because the French no longer occupythat territory

4 - the french and indian war

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