4- teakwood production.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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TEAKWOOD MARKET IN KERALA:
PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND TRADE
C. N. Krishnankutty,
K. Balachandran Thampi & Mammen Chundamannil
Kerala Forest Research Institute
Paper presented in the Regional Workshop on
Processing and marketing of teakwood products of planted forests
Kerala Forest Research Institute
25-28 September 2007
Peechi, India
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EXPORT
SAW-MILLS
HOUSING SECTOR
Structure of the timber market in Kerala
TIMBER INDUSTRY
T i m b e r s u p p l y i n g s o u r c e s
T i m b e r u s i n g s e c t o r s
HOME GARDENS ESTATES IMPORTFORESTS
INSTITUTIONS
Sawn timber
TIMBER: Teakwood and all other timbers, industrial wood and poles.
TIMBER INDUSTRY: Packing case, plywood, match splints and veneers, pulp and paper, furniture, etc.
IMPORT : From other States in India and from other countries.
EXPORT : To other States in India and to other countries.
INSTITUTIONS SECTOR : Government and private institutions, business establishments, restaurants,
hostels, hospitals and all other timber-using sectors.
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Methodology
Timber: Teakwood & all other timbers, industrial wood and poles
Other timbers: Jack wood, anjily, mango wood, cashew wood, matty, vatta, eucalypts wood
rubber wood, coconut wood, rosewood, pynkado, paduak, kussia, etc.
CONSUMPTION = PRODUCTION + IMPORT EXPORT
CONSUMPTION + EXPORT = PRODUCTION + IMPORT
DEMAND FOR TIMBER = SUPPLY OF TIMBER
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CONSUMPTION OF TEAKWOOD & OTHER TIMBERS
INDUSTRIES IN THE ORGANIZED SECTOR
Packing case, plywood, match splints and
veneers, pulp & paper, furniture and fixtures,
doors and windows, hand tools, wooden
structural goods, pencil, wooden toys, bobbin,
wooden boats, transport body building, etc.
Stratification of each type of industry
Based on number of workers:
< 5; 5 9; 10 19; 20 49; Above 50
Sampling Plan: Stratified random sampling design
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Furniture, agricultural implements, handicrafts, wooden toys, etc
Household units
Own account enterprises
Sampling Plan: Stratified two-stage sampling design
CONSUMPTION OF TEAKWOOD & OTHER TIMBERS
INDUSTRIES IN THE UNORGANIZED SECTOR
Stratification1. Urban (58 fsu)
2. High-range (82)
3. Low-land (170)
4. Mid-land (312)
5. High-land (44)6. Low-land (46)
7. Mid-land (268)
8. High-land (69)
First-stage units
Municipalities & Corps (Urban stratum)
Panchayats (All other strata)
Southern
region
Northern
region
Second-stage units
Wards
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StratificationSampling Plan: Stratified two-stage sampling design
First-stage units
CONSUMPTION OF TEAKWOOD & OTHER TIMBERSHOUSING & INSTITUTIONS SECTORS
1. Urban (58 fsu)
2. High-range (82)
Municipalities & Corps (Urban stratum)
Panchayats (All other strata)
WardsNew residential houses
Houses repaired / altered
Households (furniture made)
New buildings/structures
Old buildings repaired/altered
Institutions (furniture made)
H
ousing
sector
Instit
utions
sec
tor
Second-stage units3. Low-land (170)
4. Mid-land (312)
5. High-land (44) South
ern
region
6. Low-land (46)
7. Mid-land (268)
8. High-land (69)Northern
region
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IMPORT AND EXPORT:
TEAKWOOD & OTHER TIMBERS
Import : From other States in India
and from other countries
Export : To other States in India
and to other countries
Movement of timber by road
(Inter-state border forest check-posts)Movement of timber by rail
Movement of timber through ports
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Demand for teakwood in Keraladuring 2000-01
Teakwood Other timbers All timber
Volume(000 m3 )
%to total
Volume(000 m3 )
%to total
Timber Industry 6 6.7 1,355 68.8 1,361 65.9
Housing sector 74 76.7 542 27.5 616 29.8
Institutions 2 2.1 8 0.5 10 0.5
3.2
100.0
64
1,969(95.4)
Volume(000 m3 )
%to total
Export* 14 14.5 78 3.8
Total demand 96(4.6)
100.0 2,065(100.0)
100.0
Sectors
*Teakwood export to other States in India and other countries:18 % of total timber export.
Actual export of teakwood:110 m3
(0.7%). Actual export: Onlyrosewood 2,600 m3
(3.6%).Export of teak logs of larger girth 7,500 m3 (54 %) and teak poles to other States 6,300 m3 (46 %
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Supply of teakwood in Keraladuring 2000-01
Teakwood Other timbers All timber
Volume
(000 m3)
% Volume
(000 m3)
%
Forest plantations 50 52.2 37 1.9 87 4.2
Import* 15 15.2 296 15.0 311 15.0
Farm lands
31 32.6 1,636 83.1 1,667 80.8
100.01,969
Volume
(000 m3)
%
Total supply 96 100.0 2,065 100.0
Sources
Homesteads, farm lands and estates of rubber, cardamom, coffee and tea.
*Actual import of teakwood 96% and other timbers 47% of total import.Import of only teak logs of larger girth.There is no import of teak logs of smaller girth and teak poles.
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Supply Demand
Production Import Consumption Export
(0) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) = (2) (4)
Teakwood 81 15* 82 14# 1
Other timbers 1,673 296 1,905 64 232
All timber 1,754 311 1,987 78 233
Net
importTimber
(Volume in 000 m3)
Trade-balance of teakwood in Keraladuring 2000-01
*The net import of teakwood was 670 m3.Actual import of teak logs of larger girth from other countries.
# Export of logs of larger girth 7,500 m3 (54 %) and poles 6,400 m3 (46 %) to other States.
The net import of teak logs of larger girth was 7,100 m3.
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Trends in teakwood export from Kerala
to other States in India
Average volume in 000 m3 per annum5-Year periods
Teakwood Other timbers All timber
1981-82 to 1985-86 33 364 397
1986-87 to 1990-91 24 136 160
1991-92 to 1995-96 19 103 122
1996-97 to 2000-01 4 91 95
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International export of teakwood from Kerala
Average volume in 000 m3 per annum5-Year Periods Teakwood Other timbers
(Rosewood)
All timber
1971-72 to 1975-76 0.9 17.8 18.7
1976-77 to 1980-81 0.5 8.7 9.2
1981-82 to 1985-86 0.1 2.1 2.2
1986-87 to 1990-91 0.0 4 1.7 1.74
1991-92 to 1995-96 0.0 2 1.2 1.22
1996-97 to 2000-01 0.1 1.4 1.5
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Conclusions
The size of the teakwood market in Kerala is 96,000 m3.
62 % of the teakwood production came from forestplantations while only 2 % of the production of other
timbers came from forests .
The net import of teak logs of larger girth was 7,100 m3
.
The trends in import is increasing whereas export
declining.
Kerala, a traditional producer and exporter of teakwood,
is now a net importer.
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Conclusions..
There is market for teak logs of larger girth which are
now imported to Kerala from abroad.
There is hardly any international market for Keralateakwood due to non-availability of logs of larger girth.
Shortening of rotation age of forest teak plantations to
50 years has reduced the production of high valuelarger girth logs.
A policy for growing logs of larger girth must be
adopted by increasing the rotation age of forest teakplantations.
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