4 socialization
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Chapter Four
Socialization
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Socialization
The process by which people learnthe attitudes, behaviors, values, etc
deemed appropriate andacceptable for members of aparticular society
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Nature vs Nurture
Harry Harlow
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Nature vs Nurture
Harry Harlow
Conducted experiments with rhesus monkeys raised inisolation
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Nature vs Nurture
Harry Harlow
Conducted experiments with rhesus monkeys raised inisolation
Used artificial mothers - one cloth-covered, one wire-covered rigged to provide milk
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Nature vs Nurture
Harry Harlow
Conducted experiments with rhesus monkeys raised inisolation
Used artificial mothers - one cloth-covered, one wire-covered rigged to provide milk
Monkeys went to wire-covered mother for nourishment,but when frightened, went to cloth-covered mother forcomfort
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Nature vs Nurture
Minnesota Twin Family Study
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Nature vs Nurture
Minnesota Twin Family Study
Finds that genetic and environmental
factors shape human development
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Minnesota Twin Study
QuickTime and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this p icture.
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The Self
The distinct identity that sets us apart
from others
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The Self - Cooley
Charles Horton Cooley
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The Self - Cooley
Charles Horton Cooley Looking-Glass Self - self is the product of social
interactions
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The Self - Cooley
Charles Horton Cooley Looking-Glass Self - self is the product of social
interactions
3 stages:
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The Self - Cooley
Charles Horton Cooley Looking-Glass Self - self is the product of social
interactions
3 stages:
We imagine how we present ourselves to others
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The Self - Cooley
Charles Horton Cooley Looking-Glass Self - self is the product of social
interactions
3 stages:
We imagine how we present ourselves to others
We imagine how others evaluate us
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The Self - Cooley
Charles Horton Cooley Looking-Glass Self - self is the product of social
interactions
3 stages:
We imagine how we present ourselves to others
We imagine how others evaluate us
We develop some sort of feeling about ourselves
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The Self - Mead
George Herbert Mead
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The Self - Mead
George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking
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The Self - Mead
George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking
3 stages:
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The Self - Mead
George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking
3 stages:
Preparatory Stage - children imitate those around them; begin to
understand and use symbols
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The Self - Mead
George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking
3 stages:
Preparatory Stage - children imitate those around them; begin to
understand and use symbols
Play Stage - children become more aware of relationships;pretend to be other people (role taking)
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The Self - Mead
George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking
3 stages:
Preparatory Stage - children imitate those around them; begin to
understand and use symbols
Play Stage - children become more aware of relationships;pretend to be other people (role taking)
Game Stage - children grasp their own social positions; grasp
positions of others around them
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The Self - Mead
George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking
3 stages:
Preparatory Stage - children imitate those around them; begin to
understand and use symbols
Play Stage - children become more aware of relationships;pretend to be other people (role taking)
Game Stage - children grasp their own social positions; grasp
positions of others around them
Generalized Other - the views, attitudes, expectations, etc of
society as a whole that children consider in his or her behavior
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The Self - Mead
George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking
3 stages:
Preparatory Stage - children imitate those around them; begin to
understand and use symbols
Play Stage - children become more aware of relationships;pretend to be other people (role taking)
Game Stage - children grasp their own social positions; grasp
positions of others around them
Generalized Other - the views, attitudes, expectations, etc of
society as a whole that children consider in his or her behavior Significant Other - those individuals who are most important in the
development of the Self
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The Self - Goffman
Many of our daily activities involve attempts toconvey impressions of who we are
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The Self - Goffman
Many of our daily activities involve attempts toconvey impressions of who we are
Impression management - altering of the presentationof the Self
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The Self - Goffman
Many of our daily activities involve attempts toconvey impressions of who we are
Impression management - altering of the presentationof the Self
Face-work - the struggle to maintain an impression indifficult situations
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The Self - Freud
Stressed the significance of inborn drives - especially thosefor sex and aggression - in shaping our behavior
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The Self - Freud
Stressed the significance of inborn drives - especially thosefor sex and aggression - in shaping our behavior
Believed, like Cooley and Mead, that the Self is a social
product
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The Self - Freud
Stressed the significance of inborn drives - especially thosefor sex and aggression - in shaping our behavior
Believed, like Cooley and Mead, that the Self is a social
product However, also argued that the Self has aspects that work
in conflict with each other
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The Self - Freud
Stressed the significance of inborn drives - especially thosefor sex and aggression - in shaping our behavior
Believed, like Cooley and Mead, that the Self is a social
product However, also argued that the Self has aspects that work
in conflict with each other
Our natural impulses come into conflict with social limitationson behaviors and our rational being
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The Self - Piaget
Cognitive theory of development
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The Self - Piaget
Cognitive theory of development 4 stages:
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The Self - Piaget
Cognitive theory of development 4 stages:
Sensorimotor- children use their senses to make
discoveries
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The Self - Piaget
Cognitive theory of development 4 stages:
Sensorimotor- children use their senses to make
discoveries Preoperational - children begin to use words and
symbols to distinguish objects and ideas
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The Self - Piaget
Cognitive theory of development 4 stages:
Sensorimotor- children use their senses to make
discoveries Preoperational - children begin to use words and
symbols to distinguish objects and ideas
Concrete operational - children engage in logicalthinking
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The Self - Piaget
Cognitive theory of development 4 stages:
Sensorimotor- children use their senses to make
discoveries Preoperational - children begin to use words and
symbols to distinguish objects and ideas
Concrete operational - children engage in logicalthinking
Formal operational - adolescents become capable ofsophisticated abstract thought
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The Self - Piaget
Cognitive theory of development 4 stages:
Sensorimotor- children use their senses to make
discoveries Preoperational - children begin to use words and
symbols to distinguish objects and ideas
Concrete operational - children engage in logicalthinking
Formal operational - adolescents become capable ofsophisticated abstract thought
Cognitive development linked to moral development
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The Life Course
Rites of passage - ceremonies thatcelebrate the changes in a persons
status
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The Life Course
Rites of passage - ceremonies thatcelebrate the changes in a persons
status
Taboo
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The Life Course
Anticipatory socialization - processes ofsocialization in a which a person rehearses forfuture positions
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The Life Course
Anticipatory socialization - processes ofsocialization in a which a person rehearses forfuture positions
Ex - high school students applying for college
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The Life Course
Anticipatory socialization - processes ofsocialization in a which a person rehearses forfuture positions
Ex - high school students applying for college
Resocialization - process of discarding formerbehavior patterns and accepting new ones aspart of life transitions
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The Life Course
Anticipatory socialization - processes ofsocialization in a which a person rehearses forfuture positions
Ex - high school students applying for college
Resocialization - process of discarding formerbehavior patterns and accepting new ones aspart of life transitions
Ex - preparing convicts to return to society
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Resocialization
Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)
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Resocialization Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -
an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)
Goffman identifies 4 common traits of total institutions:
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Resocialization Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -
an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)
Goffman identifies 4 common traits of total institutions:
All aspects of life conducted in same place under
same authority
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Resocialization Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -
an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)
Goffman identifies 4 common traits of total institutions:
All aspects of life conducted in same place under
same authority Activities conducted with others in same
circumstances
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Resocialization Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -
an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)
Goffman identifies 4 common traits of total institutions:
All aspects of life conducted in same place under
same authority Activities conducted with others in same
circumstances
Authorities create rules and activities without inputfrom participants
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Resocialization Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -
an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)
Goffman identifies 4 common traits of total institutions:
All aspects of life conducted in same place under
same authority Activities conducted with others in same
circumstances
Authorities create rules and activities without inputfrom participants
All aspects of life designed to fulfill the purpose of the
organization
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Resocialization Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -
an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)
Goffman identifies 4 common traits of total institutions:
All aspects of life conducted in same place under
same authority Activities conducted with others in same
circumstances
Authorities create rules and activities without inputfrom participants
All aspects of life designed to fulfill the purpose of the
organization
Often, people entering total institutions experience adegradation ceremony - designed to strip individualityfrom participants
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Agents of Socialization
The family is the most important agent of
socialization
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Agents of Socialization
The family is the most important agent of
socialization
Others include: the school, the peer
group, the mass media, the workplace,
religion, and the state