4 - smout sustainability objectives

8/6/2019 4 - Smout Sustainability Objectives

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SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010

Water Demand Management in the City

of the Future

Water supply sustainability

objectives and indicators



Sustainability Objectives

Urban water supply sustainability objectivesneed to (Milman & Short 2008):

o account for the interconnections of environmental,

economic, and social factors interdisciplinary

o consider both the local and global resource base;

and

o be attentive to the long term needs of future

generations ± this is also known as Resilience:

The ability of a social or ecological system to absorbdisturbances while retaining the same basic structure and

ways of functioning, the capacity for self-organisation, and

the capacity to adapt to stress and change (IPCC defn).



Robust adaptation measures can be

identified and implemented now

Implement ³no-regrets´ or ³low-regrets´

actions that perform well over a wide

range of conditions both immediately

and into the future; Address current water-related problems,

reduce vulnerabilities to an uncertain

future, build resilience These are not narrow technical issues

but need interdisciplinary analysis.



Interdisciplinary analysis

Integration of multi-disciplinary perspectives (WEDCSHTEFIE framework)

o Social (including gender),

o Health,

o Technical,o Economic,

o Financial,

o Institutional and

o Environmental aspects

Successful water sector development requires allthese aspects to be satisfied



SWITCH Sustainability Objectives for

Managing Water in the City of the Future - 1

General1. To have citizens that are aware of 'water and sustainability'

and where the public is involved in decision making

2. To manage its urban water system in an integrated way;integrating aspects of water supply, stormwater management,wastewater collection, wastewater treatment and wastewater reuse .

3. To use a set of sustainability indicators for decision making,strategy development and planning.

4. To have a strong scientific basis for decision makingconcerning the management of its Urban Water System.

5. To ensure equity in the access to water, as well as to irrigatedgreen areas.

6. To minimise the energy consumption in the urban water system





Water Supply and Sanitation1. To supply water of good quality to its citizens and other

stakeholders (industry, companies, agriculture) in sufficientqualities, at the lowest possible costs

2. To give priority to Water Demand Management over

development of new water resources3. To provide all its citizens with proper sanitation, at the lowest

possible costs

4. To give priority to pollution prevention over end-of-pipetreatment

5. To reduce the net waste output from the city to the

environment to below the carrying capacity of the receivingenvironment. Furthermore it will enhance the self-purificationcapacity of the receiving environment by ecohydrology





Stormwater management and reuse1. To reduce the risk of flooding in vulnerable areas to levels acceptable

to all stakeholders, even under future climate change scenarios

2. To protect and enhance the water quality and ecological status of urban receiving waters, both surface and ground waters

3. To apply source control techniques to enable stormwater tocontribute to the quality of life in the urban environment.

4. To harvest rainwater and stormwater for non-potable reusepurposes.

5. To utilise stormwater to re-establish a balanced natural water cycle(in conjunction with landscape development).

Source: SWITCH 2008



Water Supply Indicators

1. Indicators are used to define and

quantify targets and measure progress

2. E.g. Access to safe water supply Proportion of population with access to an

improved drinking water source in a

dwelling or located within a convenient

distance from the user¶s dwelling(WHO/UNICEF)



Existing indicators of water supply

sustainability - 1

Physical availabilityo Annual withdrawal of ground and surface water as

percentage of total available water

Water qualityo Percentage of water sources that are protected

o Water quality Biological oxygen demand

Concentration of faecal coliform

Days per year contaminant levels exceed WHO drinkingwater standards

(Milman & Short, 2008)



Existing indicators of water supply

sustainability - 2

Service provisiono Percent of the city with connections to the piped water system

o Per capita water consumption (liters per person day)

o Percent of supply points or taps that are functioning

o Water supply reliability (portion of time supply points arefunctioning)

o Water system losses

o Response time to install new connections

o Distance from source or treatment facility

Financeso Unit cost of water and affordability of services to the userso Financial indicators for the water provider

Cost recovery

Cash balance

(Milman & Short, 2008)



Sustainability of UWS in Entebbe

Are these categories appropriate for considering sustainability of urban water supply in Entebbe?

1. Supply (supply-demand balance),

2. finances,

3. infrastructure,

4. service provision,

5. water quality, and6. governance.



Reference

Milman, A. and Short, A. (2008)Incorporating resilience intosustainability indicators: An example for the urban water sector; Global Environmental Change 18, 758-767

4 - smout sustainability objectives

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