4 rd international scientific conference on “energy and climate change”, 13th-14th october 2011,...

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4rd International Scientific Conference on “Energy and Climate Change”,

13th-14th October 2011, Athens, Greece

How to Write Action Plans for How to Write Action Plans for Mitigation and Adaptation Mitigation and Adaptation

by Implementing the BSEC 2010 by Implementing the BSEC 2010 Thessaloniki Declaration Thessaloniki Declaration

on Combating Climate Changeon Combating Climate Change

Dr. Valentino PIANADr. Valentino PIANADirector of the Economics Web InstituteDirector of the Economics Web Institute

Economics Web InstituteEconomics Web Institute 22

ContentsContents The four key messages of BSEC The four key messages of BSEC

Thessaloniki DeclarationThessaloniki Declaration• Multi-level governanceMulti-level governance• Green growth to foster welfareGreen growth to foster welfare• Main building blocks for actionMain building blocks for action• Full policy cycle Full policy cycle

Action plans at national levelAction plans at national level Action plans at sectoral levelAction plans at sectoral level Action plans at local levelAction plans at local level The process of writingThe process of writing


The Declaration stands forThe Declaration stands for Multi-level governance Multi-level governance

This is coherent with the Cancún Agreements, leading to post-2012 global arrangements.

BSEC

UNFCCC

Regionalcooperation

Projects andinitiatives

Leadership

Civil society

Public and privateinvestment


The Declaration stands forThe Declaration stands for Green growth to foster welfare Green growth to foster welfare

This is coherent with the policies included in our book“Innovative economic policies for climate change mitigation”.

Forward-looking approaches(not just carbon taxes!)

Environmental technologiesand practices

Green growth, entrepreneurship, investment, employment

To secure a future of welfare


The Declaration indicatesThe Declaration indicatesthe main building blocs for actionthe main building blocs for action

By avoiding conflicts across goals, the Declaration calls for sensitive and multi-criteria policy portfolios.

To connect climate change with environmental and To connect climate change with environmental and social concerns (sustainable development)social concerns (sustainable development)

To integrate mitigation and adaptationTo integrate mitigation and adaptation Mitigation requires both technologies and practices Mitigation requires both technologies and practices

(lifestyles) - there is no technological “silver bullet” (lifestyles) - there is no technological “silver bullet” Adaptation is needed to contrast disasters and Adaptation is needed to contrast disasters and

slow on-going degradationslow on-going degradation Clean and secure energy (renewables)Clean and secure energy (renewables) Resource efficiency Resource efficiency Climate resilenceClimate resilence


The Declaration calls for The Declaration calls for a full policy cycle a full policy cycle

The political feasibility of policies is assured by effective action and visible results.

1. Ecologicalawareness

7. Political majority

2. Leadership

4. Best practices

6. Macroeconomic results in welfare, employment, growth

5. Sharing experiences

3. Investment


Action plans at national levelAction plans at national level

National Action plan for mitigation and National Action plan for mitigation and adaptation should:adaptation should:

embrace the Declarationembrace the Declaration demonstrate leadershipdemonstrate leadership connect goals connect goals generate opportunities generate opportunities promote changepromote change map key territorial assets map key territorial assets foster incentives for partnershipsfoster incentives for partnerships


Action plans at national levelAction plans at national levelAmbitious national plans that:Ambitious national plans that:* build on historical and current stregths* build on historical and current stregths

and that and that * lead to the intentional repositioning * lead to the intentional repositioning

in the world system in the world system

can give rise to a “MOSAIC” of roles and commitments, can give rise to a “MOSAIC” of roles and commitments, to be evaluated in a benchmark regional exercise to be evaluated in a benchmark regional exercise

(“BENCHCLUB”).(“BENCHCLUB”).

See the homonymous chapters of our book.


Action plans at national levelAction plans at national level

NAMAs (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation NAMAs (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions) and other similar plans should Actions) and other similar plans should provide provide

* national policies to boost the green * national policies to boost the green economy (10+ policies in our book)economy (10+ policies in our book)

* special treatment to areas that require * special treatment to areas that require major industrial restructuringmajor industrial restructuring

* a national architecture that elicit pioneers, * a national architecture that elicit pioneers, support leaders, punish laggards.support leaders, punish laggards.


Action plans at national levelAction plans at national levelThe Greece 2011-2012 case:The Greece 2011-2012 case: Green growth or Green austerity?Green growth or Green austerity? Alternative tax schemes to prompt RES, Alternative tax schemes to prompt RES,

pro-ecological behaviours and sectorspro-ecological behaviours and sectors Socially and environmentally fair Socially and environmentally fair

responses to the middle-class responses to the middle-class impoverishmentimpoverishment

Channelling urgency into a combined Channelling urgency into a combined solution to financial, economic, solution to financial, economic, environmental and social crisesenvironmental and social crises


Action plans at sectoral levelAction plans at sectoral level

The Declaration emphasis the importance The Declaration emphasis the importance of energy production and use in of energy production and use in emissions and sustainable development.emissions and sustainable development.

Secure energy affordable for all is the Secure energy affordable for all is the result of intentional policies both result of intentional policies both from an economic and from an economic and a technological point of view.a technological point of view.


Action plans at sectoral levelAction plans at sectoral levelIn the energy sector, Feed-In Tariffs have demonstrated In the energy sector, Feed-In Tariffs have demonstrated

their effectiveness in boosting quickly a massive their effectiveness in boosting quickly a massive private investment.private investment.

To cope with rising FIT costs and allow for 100% RES, we To cope with rising FIT costs and allow for 100% RES, we proposed a non-linear Feed-In Tariffs scheme.proposed a non-linear Feed-In Tariffs scheme.

Fossil fuel price

Basic flat FiT

Advanced non-linear FiT

Years

Selling price of RE($)


Action plans at sectoral levelAction plans at sectoral levelOur non-linear Feed-In Our non-linear Feed-In Tariffs scheme isTariffs scheme ismuch cheaper thanmuch cheaper thanconventional FITs.conventional FITs.

It’s particularly suitableIt’s particularly suitablefor developing countriesfor developing countrieswhere the cost of energywhere the cost of energyshould be kept low to should be kept low to match householdsmatch householdsconstraints.constraints.

N. projects

CurrentsubsidytoRE projects

10

20

30

40

50Basic flat FiT

N. projects

CurrentsubsidytoRE projects

10

20

30

40

50Advanced non-linear FiT



Action plans could be written in all main Action plans could be written in all main GHG emitting sectors:GHG emitting sectors:• EnergyEnergy• TransportTransport• BuildingBuilding• Final goodsFinal goods• Industrial processesIndustrial processes• WasteWaste

Key sectors for both mitigation and adaptation:Forestry and agriculture.


Action plans at sectoral levelAction plans at sectoral levelOn transport, we elaborated a 4-stages On transport, we elaborated a 4-stages

scenario for the taking off of electric scenario for the taking off of electric mobility.mobility.

1. Social and economic drivers for diffusion

2. Priority given to professional logistics (e.g. Taxis)

3. Territorial differentiation (e.g. small islands, peri-urban areas,…)

4. Integration RES production and electric mobility

Scenario and policies elaborated on behalf of a large NGOduring the process of official exchange of views with the National Energy Authority



On forestry, we explored policy options to On forestry, we explored policy options to mainstream the sector in mitigation and mainstream the sector in mitigation and adaptation plans.adaptation plans.

1. Additionality or restructuring?

2. Sector-specific or standardised carbon price?

3. Pay for stocks or for land-use change and quality?

4. European or tropical forests as “loci” for mitigation?

5. Price or non-price signals and policies?


Action plans at local levelAction plans at local levelLocal action plans should:Local action plans should: embrace the Declaration and its messagesembrace the Declaration and its messages start from local assets (both in terms of start from local assets (both in terms of

fragile assets under environmental stress fragile assets under environmental stress and of possible mitigation resources)and of possible mitigation resources)

mobilize population around changes in mobilize population around changes in lifestyles (or protecting old traditional ones!)lifestyles (or protecting old traditional ones!)

offer Strategic Niche Management to offer Strategic Niche Management to particularly appropriate innovative particularly appropriate innovative technologiestechnologies


Action plans at local levelAction plans at local levelLocal action plans forLocal action plans for

Exacerbation of existing problems

Exacerbation of existing problems

Interrogationof climatemodels

Interrogationof climatemodels

Brain-stormingon totally

newproblems

Brain-stormingon totally

newproblems

Shift fromother areasShift fromother areas

Implementation

TimingResponsibilities

Local Mitigation

andAdaptation

Plan

Cost analysis,business models,criteria

forchoices

Cost analysis,business models,criteria

forchoices

Risks maps, adaptation and

mitigationoptions

Risks maps, adaptation and

mitigationoptions

National support

National support

Feasibility studies

Feasibility studies

Internal and externalentrepreneurship

and research

Internal and externalentrepreneurship

and research

Assets (e.g. wind,sun,…)

Assets (e.g. wind,sun,…)

List of existing problems

List of existing problems

Area andits

surroundings

Area andits

surroundings

mitigationmitigationadaptationadaptation and


Action plans at local levelAction plans at local level

The Greece 2011-2012 caseThe Greece 2011-2012 case

Athens vs. rural and insular Greece:Athens vs. rural and insular Greece:• housinghousing• trasporttrasport• foodfood• fishingfishing• tourismtourism


The process of writing The process of writing Action PlansAction Plans

To be successful, Action Plans shouldTo be successful, Action Plans should Be built on strong analysis but explicitly devote Be built on strong analysis but explicitly devote

more “pages” to proposals more “pages” to proposals Once chosen the tool, offer alternatives for Once chosen the tool, offer alternatives for

parameters and ways of implementationparameters and ways of implementation Be written relatively quickly (6 to 12 months), to Be written relatively quickly (6 to 12 months), to

become relevant for current policymaking become relevant for current policymaking Involve policymakers, academicians, technologists, Involve policymakers, academicians, technologists,

practitionerspractitioners Mix local and global competencesMix local and global competences Generate advantages for those embracing themGenerate advantages for those embracing them


BibliographyBibliography Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation

(BSEC), 2010. Joint Declaration on Combating Climate Change in the wider Black Sea area, adopted at the 23rd Meeting as Annex VI to BS/FM/R(2010)2, held in Thessaloniki, 26 November 2010.

King Baudouin Foundation, 2010. Recommendations from the Stakeholder Dialogue on Climate Change Mitigation and Social Justice, Bruxelles.

Piana V. (ed.), Aliyev S., Andersen M. M., Banaszak I., Beim M., Bullywon L., Caniëls M., Doon H., Gaurav J., Ghafary M., Karbasi A., Komalirani Y., Kua H. W., Hussey K., Lee J., Masinde J., Matczak P., Mathew P. M., Mahdie Z., Mossannan M, Rafieirad S., Romijn H., Oltra V., Schram A., Malik V. S., Stewart G., Wagner Z., Weiler R., 2009. Innovative Economic Policies for Climate Change Mitigation, Economics Web Institute, Lulu Publisher, Londra.

Piana V., 2011, Policy options for mainstreaming forest-based mitigation measures in EU rural development, paper presented at Roma Forest 2011 - Present and future role of forest resources in the socio-economic development of rural areas

Piana V., 2011. Exploring Economic and Political Drivers for the Introduction of Innovative Mitigation Policies in Filho W. L., The Economic, Social and Political Elements of Climate Change, Springer Verlag.Piana V.. 2011, A non-linear time profile for a FIT in developing countries, a contribution to the forthcoming updated edition of DBCCA GET FiT Program,World Future Council.

Piana V., 2011, Action Plan for an Eco-neighbourhood in Italy. Piana V., 2011, Scenarios and business models for the take off of electric mobility in Italy.

4 rd international scientific conference on “energy and climate change”, 13th-14th october 2011,...

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