4) keynote 1 by prof yong ky_young people session
TRANSCRIPT
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Welcome
to
the
National
Universit of Sin a ore NUS
Kent Ridge Campus + University Town
Bukit Timah Campus
Duke‐NUS @ Outram Campus
Yale‐NUS College
K Y YONG, National University of Singapore
Kent Ridge Campus
Kent RidgeCampus
University TownBukit TimahCampus
OutramCampus
GFA: 250,000m2
Land: 19 ha
GFA: 38,700 m2
Land: 5.3 ha
2 ,Land: 3 ha
,Land: 141 ha
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Fusionopolis
National
University
Hospital
3
Singapore
Science ParksMap courtesy ofJTC Corporation
Kent Ridge CampusKent Ridge Campus
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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National University of Singapore
Planning, Design and
Construction of Underground
‐ some challenges ‐
K Y Yong, National University of Singapore
Paul Fok, Land Transport Authority, Singapore
Presented
at
the
World
Tunnel
Congress
2012
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Planning, Design and Construction of
Underground MRT System in Singapore
• Overview of
Singapore
Transport
System
• Site Investigation‐ Adequacy and reliability of SI
‐ Geotechnical Interpretative Baseline Report
‐ Detection of pile capacity
• Deeper excavation for MRT Stations
• Challenges in urban tunnel construction‐ ace pressures
‐ Tunnel near critical structures
‐
Tunnels
in
settling
ground‐ Durability of tunnel structure
• Conclusions
MRT Network
in
Singapore
Now 176 km of rail 122 stations; by 2020, 280km rail and 183 Stations
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Major Underground Road Tunnels
CTE: North Tunnel: 0.7 km;
KPE: Total tunnel length:
9km; Opened 26 Oct 2007
Woodsville Interchange:
Total tunnel length: 0.69km;
Opened 28 Jan 2012
North South Expressway
Tunnel and Semi Tunnel :
12.3 km to be completed
around 2020
South Tunnel: 1.7 km; Opened:
21 Sep 1991
Fort Canning Tunnel:
0.35 km; Opened 16 Jan
2007
and 20 Sep 2008
MCE Tunnel : 3.5km to be
opened at end 2013
Singapore UndergroundRoad System: underground
road tunnels
GEOLOGY OF SINGAPORE
Old AlluviumSedimentary
Formation
Bukit Timah
Granite
Kallang
Formation
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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GEOLOGY ALONG THE MRT NORTH‐EAST LINE
Site Investigation: field
and laboratory works
Site Investigation Report
Geotechnical Factual
Report (GFR)
Geotechnical
Interpretative
Report (GIR)
Contains the factual data from site
investigation & laboratory tests
Interpreted ground conditions for design,
e.g. design sections, design parameters
Geotechnical
Interpretative
Baseline Report
(GIBR)
Nature, form, composition, properties
and structure of the ground and
groundwater, artificial obstructions
From DTL
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Challenges in Site Investigation
• To have more boreholes – practical
problems
• To carry out geophysical survey
Prediction of
soil
‐rock
interface
from
boreholes
Tunnel Alignment
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Longitudinal
Soil Profile
FILL
F1 : FLUVIAL SAND
E : PEAT/ORGANIC CLAY
M : MARINE CLAY
G (I)
G (II)
G (III)
G (IV)
G (V)
G (VI)
F2 : FLUVIAL CLAY
Tunnels to 6th AvenueTKK Stn
C918
Limit of Contract
Hwa Chong Institution
C918
Limit of ContractC917
Tunnels to Botanic Garden
- 5 - 4
A
- 4 - 2 - 1 0
1 7
1 4 6
0 1 8
0 1 9
2 1 4 7
0 1 5
2 1 5 4
2 3 6 6
3 6 5
K 0 1 3
D T 2 0 2 0
D T 2 1 4 9
D T 2 0 2 1
T 2 1 5 1
0 1 4
2 1 5 2
2 1 5 3
3 6 5 A
T 2 7 0 8
2 3 6 7
D T 2 1 4 8
T 2 1 5 0
D T 2 3 6 8 A
D T 2 3 6 8
D T 2 1 4 9
T 2 3 7 1
a r r e r
l y o v e r
0 2 4
1 4 5
C919
2 3 0
4 2 4
4 2 3
Cut & Cover 130-
120-
B H B
B H B
B H B
B H
B H B
D T 2
D T 2
D T 2
D T
D T
B K
D T
D T
D T B D B
K D D
T
D T
D D T D D
C C 4
D T 2
C C 4
C C 4
C C 4
G III OR BETTERROCK
G VIG VI
E G VI
G V & G IV
G VI
G V & G IV
F1 & F2
F1 & F2
FILL
1550-
80-
100-
90-
110-
70-
60-
G III OR BETTER
ROCK
To City To Bukit Panjang
15
Boreholes and probes concentrated onERSS and Station Box
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Bukit Timah Granite
Geological Conditions at T4
Kallang Formation
Bukit Timah Granite
Bukit Timah Granite
Bukit Timah Granite
Ground formation
in
cross
section
It is also important to plot geotechnical profile against
the section of the station box or tunnelling
Cross section without round formation
Blk 60 Blk 67
2 1 . 1
u n
n o w n
3.63
m
2 0 . 6
u n k n o w n
3.29m
2 1 . 0
5.34m
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Borehole BH
Cross Section with Geotechnical Profile
2 5 m
a i n b l d g . p i l e s )
OA
Fill
M
2 2 m (
l i f t - c o r e
p i l e s )
+103.2m
+101.6mFill
+99mM
+88.6m
O(D) N-SPT~20
+86.1m
O(C) N-SPT~49
G002
u
n k n o w n (
4.4m
7m4.6m
5m +80.1m
O(B) N-SPT~89
O(A) N-SPT~100
Geophysical Survey
• Commonly used methods
Seismic refraction
Seismic reflection
Surface wave method
‐
20
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Geophysical Survey
• Methods commonly used for soil / rock
interface identification
• Results are
‐ indirect interpretation of ground condition
‐ influenced by many factors, e.g. utilities,
traffic noise
Soil / Rock
Interface
– Accuracy
?
Interpreted Profile of Surface Wave Velocity
Interpreted Rock Profile
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Soil / Rock
Interface
– Accuracy
?
ABH1
8
ABH2
1
ABH2
6 FILLF1
GV &
GVI
GIII &
II
FILLF1
GV &
GVI
GII & GIGIII, GII &
G1
FILLF2EF1F2F1
GVI &
GV
GII
HDB
Tunnelling
induced ground
settlement
impacts footing
Geotechnical
Challenges
4 Storey
Block
Spread Footing
Existing
Micropiles
150mm, 200mm
Head Room
Clearance height ~
6.5m
110m
100m
3
m
RL 107.58
GVI
Section A‐A
90m
.
GIII
Piles obstruction
to TBM tunnelling
Mixed face
tunnelling
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Station T11 – Grouting Works for Steel Pile Cutting
ST/0099 DT/2132
103.5
98.5 IL
103.5
84.
082.
4
Steel Piles
H356x368Steel Piles
H254x254
97.
8
86.
7
DTL
tunnels
Tanalised
Piles
TBM
directionSteel Piles to be cut from TBM face
5m
Steel Piles
H254x254
Steel Piles spacing
unknown
Jet Grout
June 6, 2013 Page 25IBA Briefing #2
.
1Water-sealant Grouting 74.
1Toe Level Unknown
Cement Grout (microfine)
18m
GV 5m
Detection of Pile Depth – Accuracy?DTL3 Example – Ground Penetration Radar Survey
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Detection of Pile Depth – Accuracy?
Estimated Pile Penetration: 21~22m (or)
26~27 m
Challenges in
SI
and
detection
of
piles
• More efficient and accurate methods are
required to determine
rock levels
depth of piles
construction in urban areas
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Subway
Deeper Excavation – Bencoolen Station
SMU
BENCOOLENSTREET
Depth of s tation 43.2m
Ground treatment
to
control
settlement
Clay without Ground
Treatment
Deep Excavations in Sof t Clay
with Ground Treatment
Ground
Treatment
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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90
95
100
105
90
95
100
105
70
75
80
85
E l e v a t i o n ( m R L )
70
75
80
85
E l e v a t i o n ( m R L )
DSM
55
60
65
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Displacement (mm )
Design-East Bound IW5TA09
55
60
65
-20020406080100
Displacement (mm )
Design-West Bound IW5TA08
March 2011
C485
TBM for
Downtown
Line
(DTL)
• DTL1: 3 EPBMs
• DTL2: 10 EPBMs + 9 Slurry TBMs
• DTL3: 19 TBMs
EPBM (C902) Slurry TBM (C915) EPBM (C917)
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Volume losses for EPBM in Jurong
(Sedimentary) Formation
Blow‐Out
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Tunneling in Mixed Face Conditions
Tunnel Alignment
Tunneling under a building
North Bound
Tunnel
South Bound
Tunnel
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
19/25
6/6/
Typical instrumentation array prior to
tunnel crossing beneath critical structures
1 m
surface settlement
measurementassumed lateral
ground settlement
measurement
extensometer
inclinometer
roun e orma on
Phase VA
1974-1977
Phase VI
1979-1985
Original Shoreline
1950s Reclamation
Package C
Tunnels
in
settling
ground
Phase VII
1979-1985
Phase VB
1974-1977
ase
1972-1994
1964 Shoreline
N
Area Stu died f or
Consolidation Settlement Analysis
• Sand-fill 5m – 20m, typically 10m
• Marine Clay, 10m-35m thick , still conso lidating.
• Consol idation time expected 60-80 years
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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100100
9090
8080
Geological Profile
7070
6060
5050
4040
Station T21 C&C Tunnel
100100
9090
8080
7070
Station T22C&C Tunnel
5050
6060
Shanghai Metro No. 1 Line
.1995-2007 settlement development with time at different sections in Shanghai Metro No.1 Line
-150
-100
-50
0
S
e t t l e m e n t / m
-300
-250
-200
1 9 9 5 年 1 2 月
1 9 9 6 年 3 月
1 9 9 6 年 6 月
1 9 9 6 年 9 月
1 9 9 6 年 1 2 月
1 9 9 7 年 3 月
1 9 9 7 年 6 月
1 9 9 7 年 9 月
1 9 9 7 年 1 2 月
1 9 9 8 年 3 月
1 9 9 8 年 6 月
1 9 9 8 年 9 月
1 9 9 8 年 1 2 月
1 9 9 9 年 3 月
1 9 9 9 年 6 月
1 9 9 9 年 9 月
1 9 9 9 年 1 2 月
2 0 0 0 年 3 月
2 0 0 0 年 6 月
2 0 0 0 年 9 月
2 0 0 0 年 1 2 月
2 0 0 1 年 3 月
2 0 0 1 年 6 月
2 0 0 1 年 9 月
2 0 0 1 年 1 2 月
2 0 0 2 年 3 月
2 0 0 2 年 6 月
2 0 0 2 年 9 月
2 0 0 2 年 1 2 月
2 0 0 3 年 3 月
2 0 0 3 年 6 月
2 0 0 3 年 9 月
2 0 0 3 年 1 2 月
2 0 0 4 年 3 月
2 0 0 4 年 6 月
2 0 0 4 年 9 月
2 0 0 4 年 1 2 月
2 0 0 5 年 3 月
2 0 0 5 年 6 月
2 0 0 5 年 9 月
2 0 0 5 年 1 2 月
2 0 0 6 年 3 月
2 0 0 6 年 6 月
2 0 0 6 年 9 月
2 0 0 6 年 1 2 月
2 0 0 7 年 3 月
2 0 0 7 年 6 月
Time
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
21/25
6/6/
Durability of tunnel structure
Typical durability
problems in a live tunnel
structure built in earlier
MRT works
Better quality of tunnelstructure in recent MRT
works in Circle Line
SFRC Segments
for
DTL3
– 2350m
of
bored
tunnel
• Elimination of risk of steel bar corrosion
• Elimination of concrete spalling risk
• ore ura e segmen w m n ma n enance
effort
Upper track in Kallang;
Lower track in OA, short
len th in Kallan ~650m
Both tracks in Old
Allu vium ~1350m
Both tracks
in Kallang
~350m
Cross Over
at Jln Besar
Tunnel Escape
Shaft
Sungei Road
Station
Kalang Bahru
StationJalan Besar
Station
Tunnel Escape
Shaft
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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Challenges in Urban Tunnel
Construction
• accuracy of SI and pile detection
• ground treatment to control settlement
• face pressures in mixed soils
• tunnels near or below structure
• tunnels in settling ground
• Durability of
tunnel
structures
Grand Challenge: To Plan, Design and Develop a
Sustainable and Liveable City for 6.9m People
Intr EconomicDevelopment
Housing Water ConclusionPort JurongIsland
UAF NRF
3rd April2007 44
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Land is the Most Critical Constraint for the Development of Singapore Total Surface Area
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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The Deep Tunnel Sewerage
System (DTSS)
Crowded underground
MRT
lines
Existing Tunnels
Top tunnel in
Marine Clay
Bottom tunnel in
OA
Future Tunnels
Existing
Piles /
Barrettes
Transfer Beams
and Barrettes for
Underpinning
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8/19/2019 4) Keynote 1 by Prof Yong KY_Young People Session
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INNOVATION FOR
A CROWDEDUNDERGROUND
THANK YOU