4. hukum ... himawan estu bagijo (april 2010)

5/13/2018 4. Hukum ... Himawan Estu Bagijo (April 2010) - slidepdf.com

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R EQVREJ]OD Tkùie WT Ck# 1 ]lguc 12<2 Emovo Lrqo`

GUJUI VEALNLO RQKMUJ VEHLQLG

Goil~lc Ev}u Alnohk

Alò}alcnml aomlcn Gujui mlc Jkcv}o}uvo Rqkrocvo Hl~l ]oiuq

Lav}qlj

L}uqlc gujui iequrljlc rqkmuj recyeècnnlql Cenlql ylcn moglqlrjlc mlrl} iecyeèvlojlc req)

ilvl`lglc, iecfor}ljlc jelmllc }eq}ec}u ylcn moocnocjlc kèg reiaec}ujcyl# Ml`li jeqlcnjl aeqdojoq ylcn

meiojolc, iljl vo}uvlo mlc jkcmovo ylcn ie`l}lqae`ljlcno rqkvev }eqaec}ujcyl l}uqlc gujui ieirucylo rec)

nlqug aevlq l}lv vuav}lcvo recnl}uqlccyl# Reiojoqlc }eqveau} mlrl} moauj}ojlc, mecnlc iecnucnjlrjlc aeqalnlo

l}uqlc ylcn reqclg lml ml`li vov}ei gujui Ocmkcevol vehlj ilvl jeieqmejllc gocnnl vll} qedkqilvo }e`lg monu)

òqjlc#

Jl}l Jucfo8 rqkvev reiaec}ujlc gujui, l}uqlc gujui, vuav}lcvo

Lav}qlf}

]ge ruqrkve kd }ge quèv }gl} fkirkve ay }ge v}l}e kqnlc ov }k vk`te }ge rqkaèi lcm fqel}e medoco}e vo}ul)

}okc }qkung }ge fqel}kq omel# Alve kc }ge qelvkc, }ge alfjnqkucm 'vo}ul}okc lcm fkcmo}okc/ kd `l~ iljocn rqkfevv

~o`` ae ocdùecfe }ge vuav}lcfe kd }ge ku}ru} 'quèv/# ]gov omel flc ae rqkkd ay mevfqor}okc ikv} kd }ge quèv dkqi

}ge aenoccocn kd }ge Ocmkcevolc ocmerecmecfe }o`` }ge qedkqil}okc# Jey~kqm8 `l~ iljocn rqkvev, vuav}lcfekd quèv

RECMLGU@ULC

Reqhl`lclc jegomurlc gujui mo ve}olr cenlql

}omlj mlrl} moèrlvjlc mlqo mocliojl jegomurlc aeq)

alcnvl mlc aeqcenlql veflql iecyeùqug# Vereq}o

moucnjlrjlc kèg Glqk`m H# Aeqilc }ec}lcn vov}ei

Gujui Eqkrl ylcn moveau} vealnlo ‐~ev}eqc ènl`

}qlmo}okc’, mocyl}ljlc ‐o} ov cefevvlqy }k qefkncoxe

}gl} `l~ oc êv} ov dkqiem oc}k oc}enql}em ènl` vyv)}ei, oc elfg kd ~gofg }ge tlqokuv fkcv}o}uec} eèiec}v

}lje }geoq ielcocn rlq}`y dqki }ge ènl` vyv}ei lv l

~gkè’ 'Aeqilc, <??5:<</# Uc}uj ieilgliocyl

}omlj mlrl} glcyl ieialfl }ejv o}u vlhl, }e}lro hunl

glquv ieògl} ml`li jkc}ejv ylcn alnloilcl gujui

o}u moaec}uj# Cliuc meiojolc, ieire`lhlqo vehlqlg

gujui }omlj aeqiljvum uc}uj ieiaeqo reiaeclqlc

' huv}ody/ }e}lro moiljvumjlc uc}uj iecnl}ljlc vul}u

jeaeclqlc '}qu}g/# Jeaeclqlc oco glquv molclòvov

lrljlg vevul}u }erl} l}lu }omlj, mecnlc jl}l `loc

uc}uj iecyl}ljlc akèg mlc l}lu }omlj akègcyl

vevul}u }eqhlmo rlml jkc}ejvcyl# Ml`li jlo}lccyl

mecnlc vehlqlg gujui Ocmkcevol, }eqmlrl} mul auju

rec}ocn ylcn mo}uòv kèg Hkgc Al`` aeqhumu` Ocmkce)

volc @enl` Gov}kqy <421)<7=7, Kung}eqvgl~, Vymcey,

<?71, mlc Ocmkcevolc @enl` Gov}kqy Aqo}ovg êv} Vu)

il}ql, <475)<715, Kung}eqvgl~, Vymcey, <?7=#

Rlml vll} alcnvl Ocmkcevol ieirqkj`li)

oqjlc moqo iechlmo veaulg alcnvl ylcn ieqmejl,

moiu`lo`lg }l}l jegomurlc gujui Ocmkcevol ylcn

aeqmlvlq rlml Rqkj`lilvo Jeieqmejllc Ocmkcevol

mlc UUM <?=5 vealnlo gujui mlvlq }eq}uòvcyl#

Rqkj`lilvo mocyl}ljlc vealnlo veaulg }eq}oa gujuijlqecl rqkj`lilvo iece}lrjlc veaulg cenlql alqu

ylcn ieioòjo jemlu`l}lc l}lv ~o`lylg cenlql# UUM

<?=5 mocyl}ljlc vealnlo gujui mlvlq }eq}uòv, jlqecl

UUM <?=5 iechlmo `lcmlvlc jkcv}o}uvokcl` recy)

eècnnlqllc cenlql#Aeqmlvlq UUM <?=5 aeqalnlo

rqkvev aeqcenlql mol}uq mlc moaeqojlc `lcmlvlc gu)

jui ylcn aeqvodl} mlvlq#

Vealnlo fkc}kg, ylo}u èialnl Ilheòv Req)

iuvyl~lql}lc Qljyl} 'IRQ/# Ml`li UUM <?=5 've)

aeùi lilcmeiec/ mol}uq lmlcyl kqnlc cenlql ylcnmoaeqo clil Ilheòv Reqiuvyl~lql}lc Qljyl} 've`lc)

hu}cyl moveau} IRQ/# Je~eclcnlc IRQ mo}e}lrjlc

vealnlo aeqoju}8 'l/Rlvl` < lyl} '1/ ‐Jemlu`l}lc

lml`lg mo }lcnlc qljyl} mlc mo`ljujlc verecugcyl

kèg Ilheòv Reqiuvyl~lql}lc Qljyl}’: 'a/Rlvl` 6

‐Ilheòv Reqiuvyl~lql}lc Qljyl} iece}lrjlc Uc)

mlcn)Ucmlcn Mlvlq mlc nlqov)nlqov aevlq mlqorlml

glùlc cenlql’: 'f/Rlvl` 4 lyl} '1/ ‐Rqevomec mlc

l̂jo` Rqevomec moroòg kèg Ilheòv Reqiuvyl~lql}lc

Qljyl} mecnlc vulql ylcn }eqalcylj’: 'm/Rlvl` 6>

lyl} '</ ‐Uc}uj iecnualg Ucmlcn)Ucmlcn Mlvlq

vejuqlcn)juqlcncyl 1+6 mlqorlml hui`lg lcnnk}l

Ilheòv Reqiuvyl~lql}lc Qljyl} glquv glmoq# Lyl}

'1/ ‐Ru}uvlc moliao` mecnlc reqve}uhulc vejuqlcn)

juqlcncyl 1+6 mlqorlml hui`lg ylcn glmoq#

Iecnnucljlc recmejl}lc vehlqlg je})

l}lcenlqllc Ocmkcevol, iljl mlrl} mojeiujljlc,

alg~l re`ljvlcllc Rlvl`)rlvl` ylcn moveau} mol}lv

iecn)l`lio rlvlcn vuqu} ylcn vlcnl} ùlq aolvl#

Iovl`cyl je~eclcnlc IRQ uc}uj ieioòg Rqevomec

mlc ^ljo` Rqevomec, iljl uc}uj req}lil jlò huv}qu

mo`lju)jlc kèg èialnl `loc ylo}u Rlco}ol Reqvolrlc

Jeieqmejllc Ocmkcevol 'ògl} Rlvl` OOO L}uqlc reql)òglc UUM <?=5 veaeùi lilcmeiec/# Gl` oco mlrl}

mo)}eqoil veflql `knov, jlqecl rlml vll} o}u IRQ ae)

Gujui Vealnlo Rqkmuj Vehlqlg Goil~lc Ev}u Alnohk72




ùi }eqaec}uj, mlc reieqoc}lglc glquv veneql iec)

hl`lcjlc ducnvocyl# Kèg veala o}u, reieqoc}lglc

glquv lml mlc }omlj reqù iecucnnu }eqaec}ujcyl

IRQ glvo` reioòglc uiui# Movovo ylcn `loccyl,

je~eclcnlc IRQ uc}uj ie`ljujlc requalglc l}lv

UUM <?=5 ruc }omlj reqclg moreqnucljlc vlirlo

}lguc <?77# Gl` oco movealajlc jlqecl jeocnoclc

vkvol` rkò}oj mlqo IRQ aeùi iecngecmljo requal)

glc# ]ec}lcn jeocnoclc Rkò}oj ie`ljujlc requalglc

UUM <?=5 oco mlrl} molclòvov ml`li Rlvl` <25 mlc

<2> Je}e}lrlc IRQ QO Ck# O+IRQ+]lguc <?76 }ec)

}lcn ]l}l ]eq}oa IRQ, ylcn iecec}ujlc jeocnoclc

rkò}oj IRQ uc}uj ieireq}lglcjlc UUM <?=5 mlc

aeqiljvum ie`ljvlcljlc veflql iuqco mlc jkcve)

j~ec# Ve)`lchu}cyl reqogl` requalglc UUM <?=5 oco

mol}uq ml`li Je}e}lrlc IRQ QO Ck# OT+IRQ+<?76

}ec}lcn Qedeqecmui mlc Ucmlcn)Ucmlcn Ckikq# 5

]lguc <?75 }ec}lcn Qedeqecmui ylcn il}eqo iul)

}lccyl huv}qu ieirequò} requalglc UUM <?=5# Glòco aeqaeml je}ojl rlml }lguc <???, IRQ ylcn momu)

jucn kèg jkcmovo vkvol` rkò}oj huv}qu ie`ljujlc aeq)

alnlo requalglc l}lv UUM <?=5 gocnnl eirl} jlò

requalglc#

Gl` }eqveau} mol}lv aeqaeml mecnlc rlml vll}

reqjeialcnlc je}l}lcenlqllc Qeruaòj Ocmkcevol

ieilvujo rlqug jemul aeq`ljucyl UUM <?=5 aeq)

mlvlqjlc Mejqo} Rqevomec 5 Huò <?5?# Veqo jemul mlqo

jkcver aeqcenlql aeqmlvlq UUM <?=5 ieilvujo

}lglr ylcn èaog jkirèjv# Jkirèjvo}lv aeqcenlql

rlml }lglr jemul oco }e`lg morecnlqugo kèg aeqalnlodlj}kq, aloj vkvol`, ejkckio iluruc rkò}oj# Meiojo)

lc ru`l aeqalnlo je}ec}ulc gujui vereq}o Ucmlcn)

ucmlcn Rkjkj Lnqlqol, Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Reieqoc)

}lglc Mleqlg, Je}e}lrlc IRQ }ec}lcn NAGC mlc

requcmlcn)ucmlcnlc }ec}lcn GLI iequrljlc

qedèjvo mlqo xlilccyl#

]uòvlc vocnjl} oco iecfkal iecnlclòvov

aeqalnlo rqkmuj gujui ylcn lml ml`li rqlj}ej

je}l}lcenlqllc mecnlc recmejl}lc vehlqlg gujui#

Je}ec}ulc gujui ylcn moveau} ml`li iljl`lg oco mo)

lclòvov mlc mojeiujljlc vealnlo fkc}kg je}eqjlo}lclc}lql vehlqlg mecnlc gujui# Uc}uj ieireqiumlg

uqlolc, iljl l}uqlc gujui ylcn molclòvov lml`lg je)

}ec}ulc gujui rlml ilvl Ocmkcevol ieqmejl gocnnl

vll} oco#

GUJUI MO L L̂@ OCMKCEVOL IEQMEJL

Uc}uj ieche`lvjlc lrl mlc alnloilcl }eq)

hlmocyl aeqalnlo je}ec}ulc gujui mo l~l` Ocmkcevol

ieqmejl, reiojoqlc Ilxgla Vehlqlg 'gov}kqov/ ylcn

aeqjeialcn mo Heqilc mlrl} moreqnucljlc vealnlo

`lcmlvlc aeqrojoq# Ilxgla gov}kqov oco iequrljlcveaulg qeljvo }eq}ec}u }eqglmlr mul jejul}lc ylcn

aeqjulvl mlqo xlilccyl, ylo}u8 Req}lil, qlvokcl`)

ovie mlqo lalm je)<7 mecnlc jereqflyllccyl je)

rlml gujui l`li, jejulvllc ljl` mlc rqovor)rqocvor

req}lil, ylcn veiulcyl mojkiaoclvo)jlc uc}uj

ieè}ljjlc vul}u }ekqo gujui mecnlc flql memujvo

mlc }lcrl ieilcmlcn dlj}l gov}kqov, aeqfoqo jglv

clvokcl` mlc vevulo mecnlc jkcmovo ilvylqljl}cyl#

Vereq}o mojeiujljlc kèg N#^# Rl}kc ‐]ge gov}kqo)

fl` vfgkk` oc rlq} ~lv l qevu`} kd }gl} vuqne kd cl}okc)

lòvi }gl} lqkve l} }ge ecm kd }ge eong}eec}g fec}uqy’

'Rl}kc,<?>1:<?/: Jemul, jereqflyllc mlc veilcnl}

qetkùvo Reqlcfov mecnlc reiaeqkc}ljlccyl }eqgl)

mlr jejulvllc mlc }qlmovo, jereqflyllccyl rlml ljl`

mlc jejulvllc jegecmlj ilcuvol l}lv jelmllc)je)

lmllc, mlc revlc)revlc jkvikrkò}lccyl#

Ilxgla gov}kqov iequrljlc aec)}uj reck)

`ljlc l}lv reiojoqlc gujui l`li# Movovo `loc hunl

iecyl}ljlc alg~l gujui vealnlo rqkmuj èi)

alnl ènov`l}ote rlml mlvlqcyl iequrljlc aec}uj

jeve~eclcn)~eclcnlc, cliuc gujui aeqjeialcn

vealnlo aec}uj qevrkc ylcn aeqvodl} oireqvkcl` veq}lmo}eiujlc ml`li veilcnl} ilvylqljl} vul}u alcnvl,

gl` oco mojeiujljlc kèg @`kym‟v Dqeeilc, vealnlo

aeqoju} ‐Vltoncy qehef}em cl}uql` `l~․#@l~ ~lv

ck} }ge qevu`} kd lc lqao}qlqy lf} kd ènov`l}kq au} me)

te`krem lv qevrkcve }k }ge oireqvkcl` rk~eqv }k ae

dkucm oc }ge rekrè‟v cl}o)kcl` vroqo}v’ 'Gliv}elm,

<?75:747/#

Aeqaeml mecnlc lrl ylcn }eqhlmo mo Heqilc,

ylcn }eqhlmo mo Ocmkcevol je}ojl l~l` jeieqmejllc#

Lrl ylcn }eqhlmo mo Heqilc vll} o}u huv}qu vealòjcyl

mecnlc ylcn }eqhlmo mo Ocmkcevol# Gujui mo l~l` je)ieqmejllc veflql ̀ ulv huv}qu aeqldoòlvo rlml jlqlj}eq

gujui foto` `l~ vov}ei mecnlc vl`lg vl}u vov}eicyl,

ylo}u jkmodojlvo gujui# Vereq}o mojeiujljlc kèg

Vl}hor}k Qlglqmhk ‐}ore gujui mlqo cenlql hlhlglc

}omlj ljlc hlug mlqo }ore gujui rechlhlg’# Veflql

ècnjlr recmlrl}cyl lml`lg ‐jeieqmejllc iequ)

rljlc rqkvev ylcn aeqovo moduvo co`lo)co`lo, ckqil)

ckqil, jeyljoclc)jeyljoclc mlc rqlcl}l)rqlcl}l

vkvol` veflql ju`}uql` mlc v}quj}uql` iecyealajlc

kqnlcovlvo mlqo cenlql)cenlql hlhlglc o}u ioqor mec)

nlc recnkqnlcovlvolc mlqo cenlql)cenlql Alql}, ylcnml`li gl` oco aovl moveau} vealnlo vuvuclc ikmeqc’#

'Vl}hor}k Qlglqmhk, <?74:61/#

Reiojoqlc mo l}lv clirlj he`lv hojl mofeqil}o

ml`li rkò}oj gujui ylcn mo}eq}ulcn ml`li UUM

<?=5# Hojl molclòvov, iljl nlqov rkò}oj gujui ml`li

UUM <?=5 }omlj molqlgjlc rlml lvrej il}eqo gujui

mlc aec}uj gujui, ie`locjlc rlml Jemlu`l}lc

Gujui 'vurqeilvo gujui/, Qefg}vomee 'fo}l)fo}l

gujui/ mlc je}ec}ulc Rlvl` OO L}uqlc Reqlòglc# Ome

Gujui Clvokcl` ylcn gecmlj mo~uhumjlc ie`lùo

UUM <?=5 lml`lg8 ome recnlykilc: ome jelmo`lc vk)

vol`, ome meikjqlvo, ome Je}uglclc mlc Jeilcuvollc#

'Ilqvo`li Voilchuc}lj, <??>:<1/#

Rkò}oj gujui ie`lùo Rlvl` OO L}uqlc Reqlòglc,

Gujui Vealnlo Rqkmuj Vehlqlg Goil~lc Ev}u Alnohk7<




rlml mlvlqcyl iequrljlc jkio}iec rlml rlcmlcnlc

vov}ei foto` `l~, ylo}u moreqùjlccyl gujui }eq}uòv

ml`li recyeèvlolc reqvkl`lc gujui, iljl mecnlc

aeq`ljucyl Rlvl` OO L}uqlc Reqlòglc, jejgl~l}oqlc

jejkvkcnlc gujui }omlj ljlc }eqhlmo# Aeqmlvlq re)

iojoqlc oco iljl aeq`ljucyl gujui alql} 'iovl`cyl

ê}akej tlc V}qlldqefg} 'JUGR/ mlc Auqneqòhj

ê}akej 'JUG Reqml}l// mo}eqoil vealnlo veaulg

jkcvej~ecvo ̀ knov# Ljoal} molcu}cyl reiojoqlc Rlvl`

OO L}uqlc reqlòglc }eqveau}, iljl reiaec}ujlc gu)

jui ylcn aeqljlq rlml aumlyl alcnvl }eqlalojlc#

Movovo `loc, gujui alql} ylcn }eqjkmodojlvo ml`li

JUG Romlcl mlc JUG Reqml}l huv}qu iechlmo gujui

rkvo}or ylcn glquv mo}eqoil# ]eqglmlr JUG Romlcl,

}eqmlrl} reqilvl`lglc }ekqe}oj }eqjlo} mecnlc }omlj

lmlcyl }eqheilglc qevio ylcn moaul} kèg cenlql#

Ml`li rqlj}ej }eqhlmo reqaemllc recnnucllc auju

JUG Romlcl }eqheilglc 'Ike`hl}ck, Lcmo Glixlg,

Vkevo`k, m``/# Ljoal}cyl ve}olr recenlj gujui mlrl}veflql aealv iecnnucljlc auju gujui }eqveau},

ylcn ck}laece ieioòjo reqaemllc }eqheilglc# Cl)

iuc meiojolc, hunl }omlj iucnjoc ieceqlrjlc ê})

akej tlc V}qlldqefg} '^tV/ vealnlo gujui rkvo}or#

Gl` oco }eqjlo} mecnlc mul l`lvlc, alg~l ^tV mo}uòv

ml`li alglvl Ae`lcml, iljl }omlj iucnjoc gl` oco

mlrl} mojulvlo veflql aloj kèg kqlcn Ocmkcevol#

Veiec}lql o}u, aeqmlvlq je}ec}ulc Rlvl` 64 UUM

<?=5, alglvl clvokcl` lml`lg alglvl Ocmkcevol, iljl

gujui clvokcl` ruc glquv moquiuvjlc ml`li alglvl

Ocmkcevol#Vo}ulvo mo l}lv rlml mlvlqcyl mlrl} moreqvl)

iljlc mecnlc aeq`ljucyl rqocvor qevervo 'receqo)

illc/ gujui vereq}o rlml vov}ei gujui Qkil~o

ylcn mojeialcnjlc kèg rlql vlqhlcl ylcn v}umo

gujui mo Ucoteqvo}lv Ak`kncl# Ie`lùo Ucoteqvo}lv

Ak`kncl, iucfu``lg movjuqvuv oìolg }ec}lcn gujui

rlml }l}lqlc gujui rkvo}or,ylcn ml`li mocliojlcyl

ie`lgoqjlc aeqalnlo movoròc gujui# 'Aeqclqm Lqoed

Vomglq}l, 1222: <</# Rlql vlqhlcl }eqveau} jeialò

je cenlql ilvocn)ilvocn mecnlc iei)al~l co`lo)

co`lo gujui rkvo}or Qkil~o 'Fkmew me Huv}o}olcuv/#Kèg veala o}u, rqocvor qevervo gujui oco mo vl}u vovo

molcnnlr }e`lg iecnlalojlc aeq`ljucyl eilcvorlvo

gujui mlqo co`lo)co`lo ylcn vodl}cyl iecnljlq rlml

aumlyl gujui# Vojlr reck`ljlc aeq`ljucyl rqocvor

qevervo gujui oco mo}uchujjlc veflql }enlv kèg

Tkc Vltoncy mecnlc jkcvervo ‐gujui lml`lg ho~l

alcnvl’ 'tk`j neov} /#

Hlug veaeùi rlql lgò gujui Heqilc

iecneiujljlc oc}o reiojoqlc mlqo ilxgla gov}kqov,

Emiucm Auqje, }e`lg iequiuvjlc jereqflyllc rk)

jkjcyl ljlc rkò}oj mlc do`vldl}# Ol iecfeikkgjlc

uvlgl uc}uj iecyuvuc vul}u jkcv}o}uvo l}lv mlvlq

rqocvor)rqocvor lav}qlj, mlc iecenlvjlc alg~l o}u

glcyl mlrl} moglvo`jlc kèg reqjeialcnlc aeq}lglr

mlc kqnlcov# Gunk hunl iecejlcjlc rlml ucvuq)

ucvuq oqqlvokcl` ylcn lml rlml }olr almlc gujui,

ylcn }eqojl} uc}uj iecnuqlcno rec}ocncyl jkcvervo)

jkcvervo gujui mlc ieireq}oialcnjlc reiaul}lc

reql}uqlc)reql}uqlc# Vereq}o mojeiujljlc kèg H#H#G#

Aqunnocj ’Gujui vealnlo veaulg vov}ei iequrljlc

rqkmuj vul}u jevlmlqlc gujui, ylcn aeqlq}o alg~l

vov}ei gujui hunl iecnlcmucn gl`)gl` ylcn oqql)

vokcl`, cliuc meiojolc jlqecl gujui }eqhlmo jlqecl

ieiaec}uj vul}u jeveùquglc ylcn vlòcn aeqjlo}lc,

iljl lvrej qlvokcl`cyl ylcn èaog ieckchk` 'H#H#G#

Aqunnocj, <???:<6>/# Vevulo uqlolc }eqveau}, iljl

l`lvlc cyl}l ylcn ie`lgoqjlc }evov ilxgla gov}kqov,

lml`lg reqvkl`lc jkmodojlvo gujui Heqilc vevumlg

reqlcn)reqlcn Clrkèkc '^# Dqoemilcc, <??2 :42/

GUJUI MO ILVL REIEQOC]LGLC

VKEJLQCK

Reieqoc}lglc Vkejlqck ieilvujo alalnlc alqu je}ojl Mejqo} Rqevomec mouiuijlc rlml }lcn)

nl` 5 Huò <?5?# Mocyl}ljlc vealnlo alalnlc alqu,

jlqecl ve`lil iechlmo Rqevomec Ocmkcevol, Vkejlqck

}omlj reqclg aeq}ocmlj vealnlo jerl`l cenlql mlc je)

rl`l reieqoc}lglc veflql aeqvlillc ml`li jkcmovo

ieieqoc}lg# Gl` oco movealajlc jlqecl rlml }lguc

<?=5)<?=7, Vkejlqck ilvog glquv ieilvujo jkcmovo

reqlcn iei)req}lglcjlc jeieqmejllc# Ve`lchu}cyl

}lguc <?=7)<?5? aeqmlvlq Jkcv}o}uvo QOV mlc UUM

Veiec}lql <?52 Vkejlqck glcyl aeq}ocmlj vealnlo

jerl`l cenlql, vemlcn jerl`l reieqoc}lglc aeqlml mo}lcnlc reqmlcl iec}eqo#

Mejqo} Rqevomec 5 Huò <?5? iequrljlc ve)

aulg auj}o vehlqlg mlqo veaulg rqkmuj gujui aequrl

jeru}uvlc rqevomec 'vealnlo recnulvl ejveju}od/

ylcn iliru ieceqkakv veiul `lrovlc rqkmuj gu)

jui ylcn èaog }ocnno# Jeru}uvlc Rqevomec }eqveau}

algjlc iliru ieiaocnjlo aeq`ljucyl jeialò

UUM <?=5# Aeqmlvlq Jeru}uvlc Rqevomec }ec}lcn

Mejqo} o}u ru`l iucfu``lg aeqalnlo ]LR IRQV ylcn

vuav}lcvocyl aeqilvl`lg, vereq}o8 'l/ ]LR IRQV Ck#

O+IRQV+<?42 }ec}lcn Ilcodev}k Rkò}oj Ocmkcevolvealnlo Nlqov)nlqov Aevlq mlqorlml Glùlc Cenlql:

'a/]LR IRQV Ck# OOO+IRQV+ <?46 }ec}lcn Rec)

nlcnjl}lc Reioiroc Aevlq Qetkùvo Ocmkcevol Aucn

Jlqck Iechlmo Rqevomec Qeruaòj Ocmkcevol Veuiuq

Gomur: 'f/]LR IRQV Ck# OW+ IRQV+<?44 }ec}lcn

Vuql} Reqoc}lg Rqevomec+Rlcnòil ]eq}ocnno Lcnjl)

}lc Aeqvechl}l Qeruaòj Ocmkcevol+Reioiroc Aevlq

Qetkùvo+Ilcml}lqov Ilheòv Reqiuvyl~lql}lc

Qljyl} Veiec}lql Qeruaòj Ocmkcevol#

]onl je}e}lrlc mo l}lv glcyl vealnlo fkc)

}kg mlqo rqkmuj IRQV ilvl o}u ylcn hojl molclòvov

aeqmlvlq je}ec)}ulc UUM <?=5 vlcnl} aeq}ec}lcnlc#

]LR IRQV Ck# O, rlml mlvlqcyl iequrljlc aec}uj

recucmujlc rkvovo IRQV }eqglmlr Rqevomec Ilcml)





}lqov# Gl` oco moauj}ojlc mecnlc receirl}lc alglc

roml}k Rqevomec ylcn aeqhumu` ‐Receiulc Jeialò

Qetkùvo Jo}l’ vealnlo il}eqo rkjkj NAGC ilvl

o}u# ]LR IRQV Ck# OOO, veflql vuav}lcvol` aeq}ec}lc)

nlc mecnlc je}ec}ulc Rlvl` > UUM <?=5, ylcn iec)

nl}uq ilvl hlal}lc Rqevomec 5 }lguc mlc mlrl} moroòg

jeialò# Veieclql o}u, ]LR IRQV Ck# OW, veflql

vuav}lcvol` iequrljlc ]LR IRQV ylcn aeqèaoglc,

gl` oco movealajlc jlqecl il}eqo iul}lc ]LR }eqve)

au} glcyl aeqlvl` mlqo veaulg Jeru}uvlc Rqevomec

}ec}lcn Vuql} Reqoc}lg Veae`lv Ilqe}#

Je}ec}ulc)je}ec}lc gujui mo l}lv mlrl}

mojl}enkqojlc vealnlo aec}uj qedèjvo mlqo aumlyl

gujui ylcn aeqjeialcn vll} o}u# Ievjoruc veflql

jkcv}o}uvokcl` mlrl} moru}uvjlc vealnlo aec}uj jev)

l`lglc jkcv}o}uvokcl`, cliuc ml`li rqlj}ej ruc gl`

o}u mo}eqoil vealnlo veaulg jeaeclqlc#

Aeqalnlo jeru}uvlc gujui `loc ylcn iequ)

rljlc qedèjvo mlqo jkcmovo ilvylqljl} rlml vll}o}u, ylo}u8 'l/Requalglc `lialcn èialnl reqlmo`lc

mlqo Me~o _uv}o}ol iechlmo rkgkc aeqocnoc# 'Me~o

_uv}o}ol molcnnlr alql} mlc òaeql`, veiec}lql Rk)

gkc Aeqocnoc èaog aeqvodl} cl}uqlòv rlml co`lo mlvlq

alcnvl Ocmkcevol/: 'a/Reck`ljlc aeq`ljucyl A^

vealnlo l}uqlc gujui, mlc glcyl iechlmojlccyl

vealnlo auju gujui+remkilc# 'L}uqlc ml`li A^

molcnnlr }omlj vehl`lc mecnlc co`lo)co`lo gujui

lml}, kèg veala o}u rlql gljoi glquv iecnnlò co)

`lo)co`lo gujui lml} ml`li ieiu}uvjlc reqjlql/8

'l/Reiaec}ujlc Ucmlcn)Ucmlcn Ckikq 5 ]lguc<?42 }ec}lcn Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Rkjkj Lnqlqol ylcn

molcnnlr vealnlo jeverljl}lc ilvylqljl} ml`li

iecvojlro aeq`ljucyl gujui alql} }ec}lcn ]lclg mo

Ocmkcevol 'Lgilm Vkmojo, 122<:>5)77/# Recnnlc}olc

o}u iequrljlc doclòvlvo l}lv jeverljl}lc iecngo`lc)

njlc recnlqug gujui alql} ml`li gujui req}lclglc

mo Ocmkcevol 'Vke}lcmyk ônchkvkeaqk}k, <??7:>7/#

Aeqalnlo aec}uj jeaohljlc gujui ylcn mo`ljujlc

kèg reieqoc}lg Vkejlqck rlml mlvlqcyl mlrl} mov)

oiru`jlc vealnlo aec}uj eilcvorlvo mlc rlq)}ovorlvo

lj}od mlqo ilvylqljl} uc}uj iecnojov aeq`ljucyl gu)jui alql}# Reiojoqlc }ec}lcn urlyl iecngo`lcnjlc

recnlqug alql} }eqgmlr gujui hunl mojeiujljlc

kèg Qkev`lc Lamu`nlco ‐gecmljcyl jo}l vejlòlc

ml`li iecnlamojlc moqo jerlml oìu gujui veq}l

rlqjl}ej)req}uiauglc mlc reqjeialcnlccyl ve`lù

aeqmoqo }enlj l}lv mlvlq Rlcflvo`l jo}l, }omlj glcyl ve)

alnlo ‐̂ e`}lcvfgluucn ’ veq}l ‐ @eaecvlc)fgluucn ’

jo}l aeqvlil, ie`locjlc hunl ve`lju vuiaeq ikql`,

ovo ikql` mlc ‐^ly kd òde’, ve`lju remkilc gomur,

ylcn aeqikql` mlc aeqe}ojl․#’, 'Qkev`lc Lamu`nlco,

}lcrl }lguc:<=/# Veflql }omlj ̀ lcnvucn, reiaec}ujlcgujui o}u iequrljlc aec}uj req`l~lclc }eqglmlr

jkjkgcyl }l}lclc gujui alql} ylcn }e`lg aeq`lju#

Vojlr req`l~lclc }eqglmlr jeilrlclc gujui alql}

oco mlrl} mojl}enkqojlc vealnlo aec}uj eilcvorlvo+

rlq}ovorlvo# Gl` oco vehl`lc mecnlc reiojoqlc Vlto)

ncy vealnlo }kjkg Ilxgla Gov}kqov, vealnlo aeqoju}8

'l/gujui mo}eiujlc }omlj mo aul}# Lml rlcmlcnlc

ylcn revoiov}ov }ec}lcn reqaul}lc ilcuvol# Req}ui)

auglc gujui rlml mlvlqcyl lml`lg rqkvev ylcn }omlj

movlmlqo mlc kqnlcov: kèg jlqecl o}u requcmlcn)uc)

mlcnlc lml`lg juqlcn rec}ocn moalcmocnjlc mecnlc

lml} jeaolvllc: 'a/Jlqecl gujui aeqjeialcn mlqo

guaucnlc)guaucnlc gujui ylcn iumlg morlglio

ml`li ilvylqljl} rqoio}od je gujui ylcn ̀ eaog jki)

rèjv ml`li reqlmlalc ikmeqc, jevlmlqlc uiui }o)

mlj mlrl} èaog `lil `lno ieckchk`jlc moqocyl veflql

`lcnvucn, }e}lro movlhojlc kèg rlql lgò gujui, ylcn

iequiuvjlc rqocvor)rqocvor gujui veflql }ejcov#

]e}lro lgò gujui }e}lr iequrljlc vul}u kqnlc mlqo

jevlmlqlc uiui, }eqojl} rlml }unlv uc}uj ieiaeqo

aec}uj rlml lrl ylcn ol }eiujlc vealnlo alglc

iec}lg# Requcmlcn)ucmlcnlc iecyuvu` rlml }ocn)jl} ljgoq, kèg jlqecl o}u lgò gujui vealnlo almlc

reiaul} ucmlcn)ucmlcn qe`l}od èaog rec}ocn mlqo

rlml reiaul} ucmlcn)ucmlcn: 'f/Ucmlcn)ucmlcn

}omlj aeq`lju l}lu mlrl} mo }eqlrjlc veflql ucoteqvl`#

Ve}olr ilvylqljl} iecneialcnjlc gujui jeaolvll)

ccyl vecmoqo, jlqecl ieirucylo alglvl, lml} ov}ol)

ml} mlc jkcv}o}uvo ylcn jglv# Vltoncy iecejlcjlc

alg~l alglvl mlc gujui lml`lg vehlhlq# Hunl }omlj

mlrl} mo}eqlrjlc rlml ilvylqljl} `loc mlc mleqlg)

mleqlg `loc# Tk`jneov} mlrl} moògl} ml`li gujui)

cyl: kèg jlqecl o}u vlcnl} rec}ocn uc}uj iecnoju}oetkùvo Tk`jneov} ie`lùo receò}olc gujui verlchlcn

vehlqlg# '^# Dqoemilcc, <??2:4</

GUJUI MO ILVL REIEQOC]LGLC

VKEGLQ]K

Reqjeialcnlc gujui rlml ilvl reieqoc)

}lglc Vkeglq}k aeq`l}lq)ae`ljlcn hl}ugcyl jejul)

vllc Vkejlqck ml`li }liruj reieqoc}lglc ylcn

moveau} Kqme @lil# Jehl}uglc Vkejlqck }omlj mlrl}

moèrlvjlc mlqo jejul}lc vkvol` rkò}oj rlml eql o}u

ylcn iei)reqkèg mujucnlc jul} mlqo Lcnjl}lcAeqvechl}l Qeruaòj Ocmkcevol, jguvuvcyl lcnjl}lc

Mlql}# Vereq}o mocyl}ljlc kèg Ocmqol Vlienk ‐Volrl

ruc }omlj mlrl} iecnocnjlqo jecyl}llc alg~l LAQO

ieirucylo reqlc ylcn fujur vec}ql` ml`li vehlqlg

rkò}oj Kqme Alqu rlml jguvuvcyl mlc rqkvev rei)

aec}u)jlc cenlql ' v}l}e dkqil}okc/ Qeruaòj Ocmkce)

vol rlml uiuicyl’ 'Ocmqol Vlienk, <??7:<4/#

Uc}uj ieireqiumlg lclòvov l}lv vehlqlg

gujuicyl, iljl uqlolc ljlc mojguvuvjlc rlml vua)

v}lcvo Je}e}lrlc }ec}lcn Nlqov)nlqov Aevlq Glùlc

cenlql 'NAGC/, jguvuvcyl rlml jeaohljlc reialc)

nulc gujui# Vereq}o moje}lguo, alg~l ]LR }ec}lcn

NAGC iequrljlc jeqlcnjl mlvlq veiul rqkvev

reialcnuclc ylcn mo`ljujlc mo Ocmkcevol# Uc}uj





ieècnjlro uqlolc, iljl ljlc moveau} aeaeqlrl

l}uqlc gujui ve}ocnjl} Ucmlcn)Ucmlcn ylcn ie)

qedèjvojlc jeilulc rkò}oj recnulvl ml`li iecl}l

reialcnuclc gujui rlml vll} o}u#

Reialcnuclc gujui ie`lùo NAGC }omlj

mlrl} moèrlvjlc mlqo rqocvor ]qo @kno Reialcnuclc

ylcn moflclcnjlc8 V}laoò}lv, Req}uiauglc mlc Rei)

eql}llc# ]onl ro`lq rqocvor jeaohljlc reialcnuclc

oco iechlmo mlvlq recyeècnnlqllc reialcnuclc mo

venl`l aomlcn# Meiojolc hunl vehlqlg reialcnuclc

gujui ylcn }eqhlmo rlml vll} o}u }omlj mlrl} moèrlv)

jlc mlqo ro`lq u}lil }eqveau}#

Veflql receirl}lc recnl}uqlc, reialc)

nuclc gujui ml`li NAGC mlrl} moje`kirkjjlc

ml`li mul jl}enkqo8 gujui vealnlo vej}kq mlc

gujui vealnlo aomlcn# Reialcnuclc gujui ve)

alnlo vej}kq mlrl} mo}eiujlc ml`li NAGC ]lguc

<?>6)<??6, jguvuv }ec}lcn reiaec}ujlc ucmlcn)

ucmlcn glcyl vemojo}, ml`li juquc ~lj}u vl}u }lgucql}l)ql}l 5 v+m <2 ucmlcn)ucmlcn, ylcn iequrljlc

alnolc mlqo aomlcn rkò}oj, Lrlql}uq Reieqoc}lglc,

Gujui, Receqlcnlc mlc Iemol Ilvvl, Guaucnlc

@ulq Ceneqo# Gl` oco aeqlq}o alg~l, reialcnuclc

gujui }omlj aeqmoqo vecmoqo veflql lcnnlqlc, jlqecl

iechlmo alnolc mlqo reialcnuclc aomlcn }eqveau}#

Reialcnuclc gujui vealnlo aomlcn ylcn aeqmoqo

vecmoqo }eqflc}ui ml`li NAGC <??7# Aeqmlvlq lcn)

nlqlc ]lguc <??7, reiaec}ujlc gujui, jguvuvcyl

rlml }ocnjl} ucmlcn)ucmlcn iechlmo vlcnl} rqkmuj)

}od, algjlc }eqfl}l} vlcnl} ̀ ulq aolvl, rlml }lguc <???moucmlcnjlc vealcylj 54 UU, iljl ql}l)ql}l ml`li

vl}u au`lc = UU# Hojl moalcmocnjlc mecnlc vehlqlg

reiaec}ujlc UU veaeùicyl, iljl }lguc)}lguc

o}u ieilcn vlcnl} ùlq aolvl, mlc iucnjoc }omlj

ljlc reqclg }eqhlmo mo }lguc)}lguc iecml}lcn# Kèg

jlqecl iechlmo aomlcn, iljl veflql lcnnlqlc rei)

alcnuclc gujui glquv ieioòjo jeilcmoqolc ml`li

reiaolyllc#

Hojl molclòvov mlqo ovo qecflcl reialcnu)

clc gujuicyl, }eqmlrl} aeqalnlo qlnli recejlclc

vealnlo aeqoju}8 '</NAGC <?>6, Mlvlq Gujui8 ]LRIRQ QO Ck# OT+IRQ+<?>6 }ec}lcn Nlqov)nlqov Aevlq

Glùlc Cenlql# Jeaohljlc reialcnuclc vuav}lcvo

ylcn vlvlqlccyl lml`lg Reialglqulc gujui l}lv

mlvlq jkmodojlvo mlc ucodojlvo gujui: 'Jkmodojlvo

mlc ucodojlvo vuav}lcvo gujui lml`lg foqo mlqo gujui

ikmeqc ylcn rkvo}otov}oj, kèg veala o}u, reqlc cenlql+

recnulvl ml`li iecnlq}oju`lvo gujui ljlc jul}#

Ljoal}cyl, co`lo)co`lo jelqodlc `kjl` ylcn aeqvodl}

rùql` ljlc vemojo} }eqlalojlc# Reial)cnuclc il}eqo

gujui alcylj molqlgjlc rlml reialcnuclc gujui

ejkckio, ylo}u gujui rkvo}or# Vereq}o mojeiujljlckèg Hkgc Luv}oc }ec}lcn ‐`l~ lv fkiilcm kd }ge

lu}gkqo}y kqnlc’ mlc G#@#L# Glq} }ec}lcn ‐ Rqoilqy

Quèv’ lcm ‐Vefkcmlqy Quèv’ 'Fglqèv Vlirdkqm,

<?7?:17)64/# Hlmo rkvo}otovie rlml mlvlqcyl ieilc)

}lrjlc reqlc recnulvl, ylo}u qlvokclòvie recnulvl

ml`li ieògl} jeau}uglc gujui ylcn ieiaeqo)

jlc mujucnlc rlml recfor}llc v}laoò}lv Cenlql:

'1/Mlvlq Gujui8 ]LR IRQ QO Ck# OT+IRQ+<?>7,

]LR OO+<?76, ]LR OO+ <?77 }ec}lcn Nlqov)nlqov Aevlq

Glùlc Cenlql# Jeaohljlc reialcnuclc vuav}lcvo

ylcn vlvlqlccyl lml`lg Reialglqulc gujui l}lv

mlvlq jkmodojlvo mlc ucodojlvo gujui: ieiaocl re)

cyeècn)nlqllc alc}ulc gujui: }eq~uhumcyl Reqlmo)

`lc ]l}l Uvlgl Cenlql: recyuvuclc Ucmlcn)Ucmlc)

n}ec}lcn GLI: '6/NAGC <??6# Mlvlq gujui8 ]LR

IRQ QO Ck# OO+IRQ +<??6 }ec}lcn Nlqov)nlqov Aevlq

Glùlc Cenlql# Reialcnuclc Il}eqo Gujui aequrl

rqknqli @enov`lvo Clvokcl`, iecnnlc}o l}uqlc jk`k)

col`# Reqecflcllc gujui aequrl8 Reiaec}ujlc Gu)

jui, Receò}olc mlc Recneialcnlc Gujui, Hlqocnlc

mkjuiec}lvo mlc ocdkqilvo gujui# Reialcnuclc

Lrlql}uq Gujui aequrl8 recocnjl}lc jeilirulcmlc rqkdevokclòvie, je}e`lmlclc Lrlql}# receqlrlc

Gujui mecnlc ùnlv mlc }enlv, recocnjl}lc reqlc

mlc kqnlcovlvo gujui, èialnl gujui, rqkdevo gu)

jui: Reialcnuclc Vlqlcl mlc Rqlvlqlcl Gujui#

Veflql ècnjlr Rkò}oj Gujui requcmlcn)

ucmlcnlc monlqovjlc ml`li NAGC <??6, momlvlqjlc

rlml }onl rqocvor, ylo}u8 '</Reieqoc}lglc ylcn jul}

'v}qkcn nkteqciec}/: '1/]lcnnucn hl~la reieqoc}lg

uc}uj iecyeècnnlqljlc reialcnuclc ejkckio:

'6/Reieòglqllc reqmlilolc, je}eq}oalc mlc v}laoò)

}lv# 'Rgoòruv I# Glmhkc, <??4:</#Uqlolc mo l}lv iecnnlialqjlc ae}lrl v}l}ov)

cyl reialcnuclc gujui ylcn mo`ljvlcljlc rlml

juquc ~lj}u }eqveau}# Gl` oco movealajlc jlqecl

reialcnuclc gujui èaog alcylj molqlgjlc uc}uj

ieieaqojlc mujucnlc rlml reialcnuclc ejkckio#

Ml`li juquc ~lj}u }eqveau} gujui ylcn moaec}uj

èaog alcylj rlml l}uqlc ylcn ieial}lvo jeae)

alvlc rkò}oj ~lqnl cenlql# Vodl} recnl}uqlc ylcn

mol}uq ruc ̀ eaog aeqvodl} ieiljvl# Kèg Xe`vcofj mlc

Ckce}, reiaec}ujlc l}uqlc ylcn meiojolc moveau}

vealnlo ‐qerqevod `l~’# Veflql ècnjlr reiojoqlcXe`vcofj mlc Ckce} vealnlo aeqoju} 8 ‐ Oc o}v ikv} mov)

}ocf} lcm vyv}eil}of dqki qerqevvote `l~ movr`lyv }ge

dk``k~ocn fglqlf}eqov}of’ 8

@enl` ocv}o}u}okcv lqe moqef}`y lffevvoaè }k

rkò}ofl` rk~eq: `l~ ov omec}odoem ~o}g }ge v}l}e lcm

vuakqmocl}em }k qlovkc m‟e}l}# ]ge fkcveqtl}okc kd

lu}gkqo}y ov lc kteqqomocn rqekffurl}okc kd ènl` kd)

dofol`mki# Oc }ge ‐kddofol` reqvref}ote’ }gl} ecvuev

}ge aecedo} kd }ge mkua} nkev }k }ge vyv}ei lcm lm)

iocov}ql}ote fkcte)coecfe ~eong}v gelto`y# Vrefol`)

oxem lnecfoev kd fkc}qk`, vufg lv }ge rkòfe, aefkie

ocmerecmec} fec}eqv kd rk~eq: }gey lqe ovk`l}em dqki

ikmeql}ocn vkfol` fkc}ew}v lcm flrlaè kd qevov}ocn

rkò})ofl` lu}gkqo}y# L qenoie kd ‐mul` `l~’ ocv}o}u)

Gujui Vealnlo Rqkmuj Vehlqlg Goil~lc Ev}u Alnohk7=




}okclòxev f`lvv huv}ofe ay fkcvkòml}ocn lcm èno}o)

il}ocn rl}}eqcv kd vkfol` vuakqmocl}okc# ]ge fqoiocl`

fkme ioqqkqv }ge mkioclc} ikqev: ̀ enl` ikqlòxe rqe)

tlo`v# 'Rgoòrre Ckce} mlc Rgoòr Ve`xcof, <?>7:66/

Aeaeqlrl je}ec}ulc gujui aeqaec}uj uc)

mlcn)ucmlcn ylcn moveau} aeqoju} oco mlrl} mohlmojlc

fkc}kg jkcjqe} vodl} qerqevod mlqo je}ec}ulc gujui

rlml ilvl o}u, ylo}u8 'l/Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Ckikq <

]lguc <?>2 }ec}lcn Je}ec}ulc Rkjkj Jejulvllc

Jegljoi)lc: 'a/Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Ck#6 ]lguc <?>5

hk# UU Ck# 6 ]lguc <?75 }e}lcn Rlq}lo Rkò}oj mlc

Nk`kcnlc Jlqyl: 'f/Ucmlcn )ucmlcn Ckikq = ]lguc

<?>5 hov# UU Ck#<+<?72,UU Ck#1+<?75 }ec}lcn Re)

ioòglc Uiui: 'm/Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Ckikq 5 ]lguc

<?>= }ec}lcn Reieqoc}lglc Mleqlg: 'e/Ucmlcn)uc)

mlcn Ck# 7 ]lguc <?75 }ec}lcn Kqnlcovlvo Ilvvl: 'd/

Ucmlcn Ckikq 1 ]lguc <?77 }ec}lcn Vov}ei Recmo)

mojlc Clvokcl`#

Hojl molclòvov mecnlc iecnnucljlc reiojo)qlc Vlc}kv, iljl rlml juquc ~lj}u }eqveau} mol}lv

mlrl} mojl}enkqojlc vealnlo aec}uj 'rqk}k}ore/ mlqo

jkcvervo rkvo}otovie ylcn rlqlqe` mecnlc rqocvor

jlro}lòvie ikmeqc# Rlml mlvlqcyl rqocvor rkvo}ot)

ovie gujui lml`lg urlyl vlmlq uc}uj iecfor}ljlc

jerlv}olc gujui, iulql ljgoqcyl lml`lg reqòcm)

ucnlc l}lv jerec}ocnlc reioòj ikml`# Jlqecl

gujui ylcn aeqjerlv}olc o}u ljlc ieiaeqojlc

qlvl lilc mlc cylilc alno jerec}ocnlc recnei)

alcnlc uvlgl ylcn aeqglvo` ikml` 'Akltec}uql Me

Vkuvl Vlc}kv, <??5:5>/# ]eqglmlr reqokmevlvo ylcnmojeiujljlc Vlc}kv, rlml mlvlqcyl rlqlqe` mecnlc

reiojoqlc Ckce} mlc Xe`vcofj, ylcn mojkcv}qujvo

ml`li }onl }l}lqlc reialcnuclc gujui ‐ Qerqevod

@l~, K}kckikuv @l~, mlc Qevrkcvod @l~’# Ml`li

jl}enkqo }eqveau}, iljl reialcnuclc gujui rkvo}or

mo Ocmkcevol rlml ljgoqcyl glquv iecuhu rlml }lglr

reialcnuclc gujui ylcn qevrkcvote vealnloilcl

mohe`lvjlc aeqoju}#

Reqokme <??7, Gujui vumlg mo}eirl}jlc

vealnlo Aomlcn }eqvecmoqo, mecnlc meiojolc rei)

alcnuclc gujui aeqvodl} ilcmoqo# Vovo `loc lml`lgfujur }eqvemolcyl mlcl uc}uj reialcnuclc gujui

oco# Glvo` mlqo requalglc oco lml`lg8 }eqaec}ujcyl *

7= Ucmlcn)Ucmlcn ve`lil }lguc <??7)1222# '47

UU rlml ilvl Glaoao/# Julc}o}lv ucmlcn)ucmlcn oco

}eqèrlv mlqo julò}lv vuav}lcvo#

N`lvck} mlc reqev}qkojl veq}l eql N`kal`)

ovlvo ieiaeqojlc recnlqug aevlq }eqglmlr reiojoqlc

reialcnuclc gujui mo Ocmkcevol# Ml`li reiojoqlc

Hkgc Covao}, n`kalòvlvo }omlj`lg vejemlq molq}ojlc

vealnlo jefecmequcnlc mlqo ejkckio clvokcl` je

ejkckio mucol }e)}lro hunl iecfljur veruùg je)fec)mequcnlc 'ienl}qecm/, ylcn ieòru}o8 'l/mlqo

ilvylqljl} ocmuv}qo je ilvylqljl} ocdkqilvo: 'a/mlqo

}egck`kno aul}lc je }egck`kno flcnnog: 'f/mlqo ejk)

ckio clvokcl` je ejkckio mucol: 'm/mlqo rlcmlcnlc

hlcnjl recmej je rlcmlcnlc hlcnjl rlchlcn: 'e/mlqo

vec}qlòvlvo je mevec}qlòvlvo: 'd/mlqo alc}ulc jeèi)

alnllc iechlmo alc}ulc ilcmoqo: 'n/mlqo meikjqlvo

req~ljo`lc je meikjqlvo rlq}ovorl}od: 'g/mlqo guauc)

nlc goqlqjgo je guaucnlc hlqocnlc jeqhlvlil: 'o/mlqo

U}lql 'cenlql ilhu/ je Ve`l}lc 'cenlql aeqjeialcn/:

'h/mlqo roòglc l`}eqcl}od je krvo aeqnlcml# Veflql

jlqlj}eqov}oj, reialcnuclc gujui mo Ocmkcevol }ore)

cyl aeqneqlj rlml rk`l ylcn K}kcki mlc Qevrkcvod

'Rgo`òre Ckce} mlc Rgoòr Xe`vcofj, <?>7:56/# Gu)

jui moalcnuc mlc movuvuc uc}uj jerec}ocnlc }uhulc

gujui ylo}u jerlv}olc mlc jelmo`lc# Ve`loc o}u gu)

jui vumlg glquv iliru iechl~la ve}olr requalglc

ylcn lml ml`li ilvylqljl}#

Dlj}l `loc ylcn ieiauj}ojlc }ore gujui

ylcn qevrkcvote lml`lg }eqaec}ujcyl ucmlcn)ucmlcn

aeqoju}8 'l/Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Ckikq 1 ]lguc <??7

}ec}lcn Rlq}lo Rkò}oj: 'a/Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Ckikq 6]lguc <??7 hk UU ck# <1 }lguc 1226 }ec}lcn Reioò)

glc Uiui: 'f/Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Ckikq ? ]lguc <??7

}ec}lcn Jeaealvlc aeqrecmlrl} mo }eirl} Uiui#

RQKMUJ GUJUI RLVFL QEDKQILVO <??7

Alnolc ljgoq mlqo }uòvlc oco veflql }eil}oj

}omlj `lno iecuchuj rlml qexoi recnulvlcyl# Gl`

oco movealajlc jlqecl, rlvfl jejulvllc Vkeglq}k,

rlql roiroclc cenlql }lj `lno mlrl} aeq}ocmlj la)

vkù} jlqecl recnlqug qedkqilvo ylcn }e`lg aeqnuòq#

Re`ljvlcllc ~e~eclcn Rqevomec }eqal}lvo veflqlckqil}od kèg glvo` lilcmeiec UUM <?=5 mlc reqlc

MRQ iechlmo èaog jul} ml`li iec)hl`lcjlc ducnvo

recnl~lvlc#

Recl}llc hecov mlc vuav}lcvo l}uqlc gujui

vealnlo req~uhumlc jeocnoclc rkò}oj rlml ilvl

rlvfl qedkqilvo moiu`lo mecnlc lilcmeiec UUM

<?=5# Aeqalnlo ucmlcn)ucmlcn ylcn moaec}uj ruc

moiljvumjlc uc}uj ieiaeqo mlvlq recnul}lc re`lj)

vlcllc reieqoc}lglc ylcn iljoc meikjql}ov#

Lilcmeiec UUM <?=5 ylcn iechlmo qe)

dèjvo veilcnl} alqu ml`li recyeècnnlqllc reieq)oc}lglc, mo`ljujlc ml`li eirl} }lglrlc# Glvo` lilc)

meiec UUM <?=5, vealnlo aeqoju}8 'l/ Requalglc

Req}lil mo}e}lrjlc kèg IRQ rlml }lcnnl` ? Kj}kaeq

<???# Rlvl`)rlvl` UUM <?=5 ylcn mo`ljujlc requal)

glc lml`lg8 Rlvl` 5 lyl} '</, Rlvl` >, Rlvl` ?, Rlvl`

<6 lyl} '1/, Rlvl` <=, Rlvl` <5, Rlvl` <> lyl} '1/ mlc

'6/, Rlvl` 12 mlc Rlvl` 1<# 'Iecuqu} Vu~k}k requal)

glc req}lil UUM <?=5 oco iecnglvo`jlc requalglc

~e~eclcn 'fe}lj ioqocn recuòv/ ieiaul} Ucmlcn

)ucmlcn# @eaog `lchu} mohe`lvjlc alg~l8 ‐ê~eclcn

ieiaul} Ucmlcn)ucmlcn ylcn aeqmlvlqjlc Rlvl`

5 lyl} '</ aeqlml mo Rqevomec, moualg iechlmo ~e)

~eclcn MRQ# Rqkvev reiaul}lc UU glquv mo}lc)

ml}lcnlco kèg Rqevomec ve`lju Jerl`l Reieqoc}lglc





mlc MRQ veq}l glquv movlgjlc kèg Rqevomec ve`lju

Jerl`l Cenlql․#’/ 'Vu~k}k Iu`ykvu)mlqik, }lcrl

}lguc, gl`lilc:6/: 'a/ Requalglc Jemul mo}e}lrjlc

kèg IRQ rlml }lcnnl` <7 Lnuv}uv 1222# Rlvl`)rlvl`

UUM <?=5 ylcn mo`ljujlc requalglc lml`lg 8 Rlvl`

<7, Rlvl` <7L, Rlvl` <7 A, Rlvl` <?, Rlvl` 12 lyl} '5/,

Rlvl` 12 L, Rlvl` 11 L, Rlvl` 11 A, Ala OW L, Rlvl`

15 E, Ala W, Rlvl` 14 lyl} '1/ mlc lyl} '6/, Rlvl` 1>

lyl} '6/, Ala WL, Rlvl` 17 L, Rlvl` 17 A, Rlvl` 17 F,

Rlvl` 17 M, Rlvl` 17 E, Rlvl` 17 D, Rlvl` 17 N, Rlvl`

17 G, Rlvl` 17 O, Rlvl` 17 H, Ala WOO, Ala WT, Rlvl`

64 L, Rlvl` 64 A, mlc Rlvl` 64 F: 'f/Requalglc Je)

}onl mo}e}lrjlc kèg IRQ rlml }lcnnl` ? Ckteiaeq

122<# Rlvl`)rlvl` UUM <?=5 ylcn mo`ljujlc requal)

glc lml`lg 8 Rlvl` < Lyl} '1/ mlc '6/: Rlvl` 6 Lyl} '</,

'6/, mlc '=/: Rlvl` 4 Lyl} '</ mlc '1/: Rlvl` 4L Lyl}

'</, '1/, '6/, mlc '5/: Rlvl` >L: Rlvl` >A Lyl} '</, '1/,

'6/, '=/, '5/, '4/, mlc '>/: Rlvl` >F: Rlvl` 7 Lyl} '</

mlc '1/: Rlvl` << Lyl} '1/ mlc '6/:Rlvl` <> Lyl} '=/:Ala TOOL, Rlvl` 11F Lyl} '</, '1/, '6/, mlc '=/: Rlvl`

11M Lyl} '</, '1/, '6/, mlc '=/: Ala TOOA, Rlvl` 11E

Lyl} '</, '1/, '6/, '=/, '5/, mlc '4/: Rlvl` 16 Lyl} '</,

'1/, mlc '6/: Rlvl` 16L: Rlvl` 16 F: Ala TOOOL, Rlvl`

16E Lyl} '</, '1/, mlc '6/: Rlvl` 16D Lyl} '</ mlc '1/:

Rlvl` 16N Lyl} '</ mlc '1/: Rlvl` 1= Lyl} '</ mlc '1/:

Rlvl` 1=L Lyl} '</, '1/, '6/, '=/, mlc '5/: Rlvl` 1=A

Lyl} '</, '1/, '6/, mlc '=/: Rlvl` 1=F Lyl} '</, '1/, '6/,

'=/, '5/, mlc '4/: 'm/Requalglc Jeeirl} mo}e}lrjlc

kèg IRQ rlml }lcnnl` <2 Lnuv}uv 1221# Rlvl`)rlvl`

UUM <?=5 ylcn mo`ljujlc requalglc lml`lg 8 Rlvl`1 lyl} '</: Rlvl` 4L Lyl} '=/: Rlvl` 7 Lyl} '6/: Rlvl`

<< Lyl} '</: Rlvl` <4: Rlvl` 16A: Rlvl` 16M: Rlvl` 1=

Lyl} '6/: Ala WOOO, Rlvl` 6< Lyl} '</, '1/, '6/, '=/, mlc

'5/: Rlvl` 61 Lyl} '</ mlc Lyl} '1/: Ala WOT,Rlvl` 66

Lyl} '=/ mlc Lyl} '5/: Rlvl` 6= Lyl} '</, '1/, '6/, mlc

'=/: Rlvl` 6> Lyl} '</, '1/, '6/, '=/, Mlc '5/: L}uqlc

Reqlòglc Rlvl` O, OO, mlc OOO: L}uqlc ]lialglc Rlvl`

O mlc Rlvl` OO#

Reqjeialcnlc rqkmuj ucmlcn)ucmlcn, hunl

iecuchujjlc lqlg ylcn requalglc ylcn vehl`lc mec)

nlc jeocnoclc qedkqilvo# Rqkmuj ̀ enov`lvo veflql jgu)vuv ieqevrkc aeqalnlo jeau}uglc recnl}uqlc ylcn

aeqjlo} mecnlc recl}llc GLI, Glj)glj Rkò}oj mlc

Jeèialnllc Cenlql# Qocfolccyl vealnlo aeqoju}8

'l/Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Ckikq 6? ]lguc <??? }ec}lcn

Glj Lvlvo Ilcuvol: 'a/Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Ckikq 14

]lguc 1222 }ec}lcn Reqlmo`lc GLI: 'f/Ucmlcn)

ucmlcn Ckikq 1 ]lguc <??? }ec}lcn Rlq}lo Rkò}oj

monlc}o mecnlc UU Ck# 6< }lguc 1221: 'm/Ucmlcn)

ucmlcn Ckikq <1 ]lguc 1226 Reioòglc Uiui:

'e/Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Ckikq 11 ]lguc 1226 }ec}lcn

VUVMUJ IRQ, MRQ, MRM mlc MRQM: 'd/Ucmlcn)

ucmlcn Ckikq 16 ]lguc 1226 }ec}lcn Reioòglc

Uiui Rqevomec mlc ^ljo` Rqevomec: 'n/Ucmlcn)

ucmlcn Ckikq 11 ]lguc <??? }ec}lcn Reieqoc}lglc

Mleqlg monlc}o mecnlc Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Ck# 61 ]lguc

122=: 'g/Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Ck# 1= ]lguc 1226 }ec}lcn

Ilgjlilg Jkcv}o}uvo: 'o/Ucmlcn)ucmlcn Ck# = ]l)

guc 122= }ec}lcn Jejulvllc Jegljoilc: 'h/Ucmlcn)

ucmlcn Ck# 5 ]lguc 122= }ec}lcn Ilgjlilg Lnucn:

'j/UU Ck# 12 ]lguc 122= }ec}lcn Jkiovo _umovol`#

RECU]UR

Aeqmlvlq rlrlqlc ylcn }equqlo mo l}lv, iljl

mlrl} movoiru`jlc gl`)gl` vealnlo aeqoju} 8 Req)

}lil, Gujui vealnlo veaulg rqkmuj jejulvllc,

}omlj mlrl} moèrlvjlc mlqo rlml jkc}ejv alnloilcl

jejulvllc o}u mohl`lcjlc: Jemul, Ieilglio iljvum

mlc }uhulc aeqalnlo rqkmuj gujui, iljl }omlj mlrl}

moèrlvjlc rlml vehlqlg reiaec}ujlccyl: Je}onl,

Vuav}lcvo l}uqlc gujui ve`lù iequrljlc qedèjvo

mlqo jeilulc rkò}oj mlqo re)cnulvl ylcn mkioclc

rlml ilvlcyl#

MLD]LQ RU]LJL

Lamu`nlco, Oìu Gujui ml`li Qetkùvo, Almlc Req)

ao} Rqlrlcfl, }}#

Lgilm Vkmojo, '1222</# Reialglqulc Gujui Req)

}lclglc Clvokcl`, ml`li Qlcnjl Recnul}lc

Lnecml @lcmqedkqi, ml`li juiru`lc }u)

òvlc Rqocvor)rqocvor Qedkqil Lnqlqol, Hl`lc

Recngomurlc mlc Jeiljiuqlc Qljyl} , Fe}#

O#, @lreql Ruv}ljl U}lil, _knyljlq}l

Al``, Hkgc, '<?71/# Ocmkcevolc @enl` Gov}kqy <421)

<7=7, Kung}eqvgl~, Vymcey))))))))))))), '<?7=/# Ocmkcevolc @enl` Gov}kqy Aqo})

ovg êv} Vuil}ql, <475)<715, Kung}eqvgl~,

Vymcey

Aeqilc, H# Glqk`m, '<??5/# @l~ lcm Qetkù}okc, ]ge

Dkqil}okc kd }ge êv}eqc @enl` ]qlmo}okc,

Glqtlqm Ucoteqvo}y Rqevv, Fliaqomne, Ilv)

vlfguve}}v

Aqunnocj, H#H#G# '<???/# Qedèjvo ]ec}lcn Gujui,

lòg alglvl, Aeqclqm Lqoed Vomglq}l, Fo}ql

Lmo}yl Alj}o, Alcmucn

Fglqèv Vlirdkqm, '<?7?/# ]ge Movkqmeq kd @l~, LFqo}o|ue kd @enl` ]gekqy, Alvo` A`lfj~e``

Ocf# Ce~ _kqj

Dqeeilc, @`kym, '<?75/# Oc}qkmuf}okc }k Huqovrqu)

mecfe, @kqm @`kym Glirv}elm Kf, Ucoteq)

vo}y kd @kcmkc

Dqoemilcc, ^, '<??2/# ]ekqo mlc Do`vldl} Gujui,

lòg alglvl kèg Iuglilm Lqodoc, Auju OO,

Qlhl Nqldocmk Reqvlml

Glmhkc, I# Rgòruv, '<??4/# Rqkvrej Gujui ml`li

Eql N`kalòvlvo, Vuqlalyl

Ocmqol Vlienk e}#l`, '<??7/# Ao`l LAQO Iecngecmljo,

Ioxlc Ruv}ljl, Alcmucn

Covao}, Hkgc, Ienl}eqc 1222, emovo qetovo, ̂ lq}l Ejk)

ckio, Ck# 2<+<??2





Rl}kc, N#^# '<?>1/# L ]ew akkj kd Huqov)rqumecfe,

Dkuq}g Emo}okc

Rgoòrre Ckce} mlc Rgoòr Ve`xcofj, '<?>7/# @l~ lcm

Vkfoe}y oc ]qlmo)}okc, ]k~lqm Qevrkcvote

@l~, Glqreq $ Qk~, Ruaòvgeqv, Ce~ _kqj

Qlglqmhk, Vl}hor}k, '<?74/# Gujui ml`li Rqevrej}od

Vehlqlg mlc Requalglc Vkvol`, ml`li Rei)

alcnuclc Gujui ml`li Rqevrej}od Rkò}oj

Gujui Clvokcl` , Emo}kq Lq}omhk L`jkv}lq

mlc Vkèg Lioc, Qlhl~lò, Hljlq}l

Vlc}kv, Akltec}uql Me Vkuvl, '<??5/# ]k~lqm L Ce~

Fkiikc Vecve, @l~ Vfoecfe lcm Rkò}ofv

oc }ge Rlqlmon)il}of ]qlcvo}okc, Qku}èmne,

Ce~ykqj

Gujui Vealnlo Rqkmuj Vehlqlg Goil~lc Ev}u Alnohk7>

Vomglq}l, Lqoed, Aeqclqm, '1222/# Qedèjvo }ec}lcn

V}quj}uq Oìu Gujui, Ilcmlq Ilhu, Alcm)

ucn

Voilchuc}lj, '<??>/# Ilqvo`li, Rlcmlcnlc Cenlql

Oc}enqlòv}oj , Fe} OO, Ruv}ljl U}lil Nqldo}o,

Hljlq}l

Vu~k}k Iu`ykvumlqik, ‐ Qedèjvo Gujui }ec}lcn

Ru}uvlc Vomlcn Uiui IRQ <??? mlc Vo)

mlcn ]lguclc IRQ 1222’, Iljl`lg, }lcrl

}lguc, gl`lilc 6

Vke}lcmyk ônchkvkeaqk}k, '<??7/# Mlqo Gujui

Jk`kcol` je Gujui Clvokcl` , Qlhl Nqldocmk

Reqvlml, Em# O#, Fe}# O, Hljlq}l

4. hukum ... himawan estu bagijo (april 2010)

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