4. fundamentals of criminology

8/10/2019 4. Fundamentals of Criminology

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CRIMINOLOGY

BY

MANUEL V JAUDIAN, Ph.D,LL.B

Registered Criminologist

Public Safety Consultant

Introduction to Criminology

As a SOCIAL PHENOMENON

It has to be looked into so that society will be a safe place to live in;

Crime is an integral part of society;

Criminals continue to pose a threat to humanity;

Societys bad condition will breed criminality

Criminal Behavior should be carefully studied to be able to determine the cause

Principal Division of Criminology

Victimology

- Study that deals with the role of the victim during the commission of the crime.

scope of the study

Making of laws

Breaking of laws

Reaction towards the breaking of laws

Theories and Personalities

CLASSICAL THEORY (CesareBeccaria)

Freewill leads them to choose to commit crime or not;

To control the unlawful behavior there is need for certain and swift punishment.

POSITIVE THEORY (Dr.Cesare Lombroso)

Father of modern Criminology

Theory focuses on biological determinism and criminal anthropology.

Atavistic Throwbacks are born criminals

Atavistic Stigmata


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physical marks and characteristics that suggest an individual is abnormal. Such stigmata included

abnormal skull sizes, haw-like nose, large jaws and cheekbones and fleshy lips

Neo-Classical Theorythis theory advocate that children and mentally ill persons are exempted from punishment

because they could not distinguished right from wrong.

Utilitarianism ( Jeremy Bentham )Means behavior is motivated by the pursuit of pleasure and

avoidance of pain.

Cartograph Theory Lambert AdolpheQuetelet

-Statistical information relating to crime and also attempted to identify the

circumstances that predisposed people to commit crimes.

Emile Durkheim Anomie Theory

Absence of norms in a society provides a setting conductive to crime.

Edwin H. Sutherland DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY

Reveals that criminal acts are related to an individuals exposure to an excess amount of

antisocial values and attitudes.

Sigmund Freud ( Psycholoanalytical Theory )

-Father of Psychoanalysis

Id- Driven by Pleasure principle

Ego- Reality principle

Superego- Morale principle

Theory Robert Ezra Park Human Ecology

Study of the interrelationship of people and their environment.

William Herbert Sheldon Somatotyping Theory

-Inheritance as the primary determinants of behavior and the physique is a reliable indicator of

personality.

EndomorphyPyknic- Soft body, round shape

Mesomorphy- Athletic type- Predominance of muscle, hard and firm

Ectomorphy- Asthenic type- Thin and Flat chest

Containment Theory (Walk er Reckless)

Which suggest that a series of both internal and external factors contributes to criminal


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behavior.

Strain Theory (Robert king merton)

-Part of social structure theory which views crime as a function of conflict between an

individuals goals and the means available to him to obtain it.

K arlmarx(Social Conflict Theory )

- conflict between capitalist and workers improper economic gain.

Social Disorganization Theory

- Study of the breakdown of social institutions such as the family, the community, school,

religion in a particular area and its effects to criminality.

Nurture theory- Asserts that intelligence is a product of environment

Nature theory- Asserts that intelligence is genetically determined and that low intelligence is associatedwith criminal behavior.

Developmental theory-

An area of criminology that scrutinize the change in a criminal career over the life course.

Cultural Deviance theory-

part of social structure theory that views the strain and social disorganization which produces a

lower-class culture that conflicts with norms

Criminal Demography- Study of relationship between criminality and population.

Biological Determinism- A view that crimogenic traits may be acquired through indirect heredity

degenerate family member.

Applied Criminology- Refers to the art of creating typologies, classification, predictions and especially

profiles of criminal offenders, their personalities and behavior patterns.

Differential reinforcement theory- An attempt to explain criminality as a type of learned behavior.

Chicago School-

Refers to urban sociologists view and analysis of the relation between crime and environmental

conditions.

White collar crime- Crimes which committed by persons of respectability and of higher socio-economic

class in the course of their occupational activities.

Victimless crimes- Crimes that violate moral order, but there is no actual target, victim or offended

party. In these crimes such as drug abuse gambling and the like the offended party is society as a whole.

Hate crimes- Refers to those acts of intimidation and violence designed to frighten and intimidate

persons who are undesirable by reason of race, religion, sexual, orientation or ethnic origin.

Index crimes- Serious and frequent crimes

Blue collar crimes- Are those crimes committed by ordinary professional criminal to maintain their

livelihood.


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RA 7610- Special protection of children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act.

RA 9344- Juvenile justice and welfare Act of 2006

RA 8369- The Family Courts Act of 1997

Good Luck !!!!

4. fundamentals of criminology

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