4. first drafts best practice (bohumil frantal) definition...

WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020

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4. First drafts

Best practice (Bohumil Frantal)

Definition: In general sense, a best practice is a method that, through experience and

research, shows processes and outcomes, which are considered superior to those

achieved in other ways and by other methods, and that is used as a model and

recommendations for other.

Best practice in the context of renewable energy development can be defined as an

efficient renewable energy production system that is in any stage of its life cycle

(including extraction, manufacturing, transport, and construction to operation and

disposal) environmentally friendly, landscape compatible and preventing or

minimizing potential land use conflicts.

Synonyms (if any): good practice, smart practice

Keywords:

experienced, proven,

non-conflicting,

landscape compatible

Source:

Definition developed by

WG2 of the RELY project

Figure 1. ´Floating´ solar power plant in Kagoshima Bay,

Japan (Photo: © KYOCERA Corporation)

*osvědčená praxe


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Energy landscape (Bohumil Frantal)

Definition: An energy landscape is a landscape whose images and functions (be they

natural, productive, residential, recreational, cultural, etc.) have been significantly

affected by energy development.

In the broadest context, the range of what can be called an energy landscape is

particularly expansive, though it may be used in the context of all branches of energy

production and consumption with a geographic expression. Traditional energy

landscapes include mines, canals, oil fields, refineries and power plants, transmission

lines and pipelines, well fields and waste disposal sites, but more recently they have

come to include expansive, whirling wind turbines, solar panels, biogas plants, and

even the visually dominant ´yellowficated´ fields of rape.

Synonyms (if any)

Keywords:

affected, powerful,

reshaped, exploited,

visually dominant

Source:

Definition adapted from

Frantál, B., Pasqualetti,

M., & Van der Horst, D.

(2014). New trends and

challenges for energy

geographies. Moravian

Geographical Reports,

22(2), 2–6.

Figure 2. Wind energy landscape, Ore Mountains,

Czech Republic (Photo: Frantal, 08/2012)

*national further terms/synonyms


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Land use conflict (Bohumil Frantal)

Definition: A land use conflict is a situation where there is a disagreement on the use

of a certain piece of land and/or a feeling that a person’s rights or well-being or the

rights of the environment are being threatened by an action or undertaking of

another or the inaction of another.

The root cause of most land use conflicts is when a land use, a project or an action is

incompatible with the views, expectations and values of the people living, working

and/or vacationing in a certain potentially affected area.

Synonyms (if any): land conflict, landscape conflict

Keywords:

disagreement, dispute,

incompatibility,

dysfunctionality

Source:

Definition adapted from

Learmonth, R.,

Whitehead, R., Boyd, W.,

& Fletcher, S. (2007).

Living and working in

rural areas: a handbook

for managing land use

conflict issues on the

NSW North Coast.

Department of Primary

Industries, Wollongbar.

Figure 3. Local protest against wind energy (Photo: ???)

Note: just a makeshift photo -- to be replaced by

another



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Environmental Impact Assessment (Bénédicte Gaillard)

Definition

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a procedure evaluating the effects on the environment

of an infrastructure project. The aim is to ensure that plans, programmes and projects likely to have

significant effects on the environment are made subject to an environmental assessment, prior to

their approval or authorisation. Consultation with the public is a key feature of environmental

assessment procedures.

Within the European Union, the Directive 2011/92/EU Environmental assessment regulates the EIA

for individual projects, such as a dam, motorway, airport or factory, and the Directive 2001/42/EC

(known as 'Strategic Environmental Assessment' – SEA Directive) regulates the assessment for public

plans or programmes.

Synonyms (if any)

Strategic Environmental Assessment

Some Keywords

Analysis, Environmental Factors,

Environmental Law, Evaluation,

Sustainable Development

Source

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ei

a/home.htm

It would be great if some a or more COST members work

with EIA and have a scheme that we could use here as an

illustration


http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/home.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/home.htm


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Ecological engineering (Slobodan Mickovski)

Definition:

designing societal services such that they benefit society and nature, which is

systems based, sustainable, and integrates society with its natural environment.

Synonyms: eco-engineering, bio-engineering, ground-bioengineering, ecotechnology

Some Keywords:

Restoration,

ecology,

engineering,

conservation,

landscape

architecture, urban

planning

Source

W.J. Mitsch and S.E.

Jørgensen (1989).

Ecological

Engineering: An

Introduction to

Ecotechnology. John

Wiley and Sons.

Photo (or any other kind of graphic

demonstration/description)

Figure 4. Ecological Engineering within the climate change

and hazard framework. Source (Cheong et al., 2013. Nature

Climate Change 3, 787–791 (2013)

doi:10.1038/nclimate1854)



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Landscape Assessment (Robert Kabai)

Definition: The purpose of landscape assessment in landscape planning is to support

the identification of landscape values, development opportunities and management

options. It is a broad term referring to various assessment types that may be classified

by their objective as resource (opportunities for specific uses), capacity (constraints

for specific uses) and other (not necessarily planning orientated) assessments (e.g.

formal aesthethic, character, ecological assessments). Assessments can take up both

quantitative or non-quantitative (descriptive or depictive) forms.

With regard to renewable energy systems, resource assessments look for the

potential locations (opportunities) for certain RE facilities, while landscape capacity

studies for the constraints. Environmental Impact Assessments and Strategic

Environmental Assessments should also be mentioned here, dealing with the

interaction of a specific / strategic RE development proposal and the landscape

concerned.

Synonyms (if any):

Keywords:

landscape quality,

landscape character,

landscape capacity,

impact assessment

Source:

Figure . Diagram from Stonehaven South LVIA, UK

(© David Wilson Associates)



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Landscape capacity (Slobodan Mickovski)

Definition:

Landscape capacity refers to the degree to which a particular landscape character

type or area is able to accommodate change without significant effects on its

character, or overall change of landscape character type. Capacity is likely to vary

according to the type and nature of change being proposed.

Synonyms (if any)

Some Keywords:

Nature of landscape

change; magnitude

of landscape

change, landscape

sensitivity,

cumulative effects,

landscape character

assessment,

capacity thresholds,

development

opportunities,

development

constraints

Source:

Swanick, Carys and

Land Use

Consultants (2002).

Landscape Character

Assessment

Guidance for

England and

Scotland.

Countryside Agency

and Scottish Natural

Heritage



Figure 5. Example of Landscape Capacity toolkit used by

Scottish National Heritage, Source: Scottish Natural Heritage,

2016 (http://www.snh.gov.uk/docs/B858929.pdf)



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Landscape character (David Miller)

Definition: The distinct and recognisable pattern of elements that occurs consistently

in a particular type of landscape.

Synonyms: Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) is a standard methodology for

identifying, describing, classifying and mapping what is distinctive about our

landscapes.

Some Keywords

Landscape Character

Assessment (see

publication below);

landscape quality;

landscape value.

Source

Paragraph 7.8,

Landscape character

assessment

guidance for England

and Scotland (2002)

The Countryside

Agency and Scottish

Natural Heritage.

(www.snh.gov.uk/pr

otecting-scotlands-

nature/looking-

after-

landscapes/lca/)

Figure 6. Map of Landscape Character, from Tayside

Landscape Character Assessment, produced for Scottish

Natural Heritage (Perth and Kinross Council, UK)


Alternative Figure: Cranborne Chase Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty

www.ccwwdaonb.org.uk/outstanding-landscapes/landscape-character/


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Landscape Function (José M. Rojas)

Definition Landscape functions were originally defined as “the flows of social, economic and

ecological benefits that land may generate” (Helming et al, 2008; Perez-Soba et al, 2008).

Later on, they have been redefined as the “capacity of land for ecosystem service

production” (Bolliger & Kienast, 2010). Furthermore, landscape functions have been

acknowledged to “encompass the composite nature of the capital stocks represented by

cultural landscapes” (Buckhard et al, 2009; Haines-Young & Potschin, 2009). Despite the

ample attention provided to this term in the scientific literature, it is widely recognized that

the word ‘function’ is overlain by many different meanings (Jax 2005), which often confuse

means with ends (Wallace, 2007), thus being a controversial term for which multiple

meanings and disciplinary approaches are still simultaneously employed.

Synonyms (if any)

Some Keywords; Multi-

functional Landscapes;

Land-Use Functions;

Landscape Goods and

Services.

Source

J. Bolliger & F. Kienast

(2010). Landscape

Functions in a Changing

Environment.

Landscape Online 21, 1-

5.

Figure 7. English Fields, England UK (Photo: Steve Gibson, 2015)



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Landscape Identity (Veronica Hernandez-Jimenez)

Definition

Identity is related with the character and the tangible and intangible characteristics that shape the

feeling of a person of belonging to a landscape. Identity of a landscape is the sum of the different

information layers on the territory, cultural elements, natural resources, and current use. Key

naturalists *Fernandez Pison, Gonzalez Bernaldez have referred to this concept saying landscape

identity come with the person, it is a bagpack full of information what we are carrying.

Synonyms (if any)

roots, feeling of belonging

Some Keywords

Source

Of the definition: Can be a

standard work, can be from a

well-known article or can be

elaborated by the RELY COST

Action members

Photo

Figure 1. Orchards in the South of Madrid, Olmeda de las

Fuentes (Photo: OCT, 2009)

Figure 2. Merinas Droveway in the North of Spain, La Rioja

(Photo OCT, 2012)



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Landscape Governance (Stanislav Martinat)

Definition: The processes of goal-oriented formulation, coordination, management and decisions

about utilisation and protection of landscape involving governmental and also non-governmental

actors (general public, NGOs, private sector etc.). This refers to central idea that state no longer has

a monopoly over public affairs and that the decision-making on landscape issues should be more

decentralized, transparent and open for a civil society participation.

Synonyms (if any)

Some Keywords

Governance, public

participation

Source

Definition created by

authors of Oxford

Dictionary of Human

Geography (Castree

et al., 2013)

Photo (or any other kind of graphic demonstration/description)

Figure 1. Landscape Governance, Lednice/Valtice (Photo: Stanislav Matinat,

year) *national further terms/synonyms


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Landscape quality (Sebastian Eiter)

Definition

We understand landscape quality as features of a distinct area that humans perceive

as resources or values. Human activity, i.e. land use, “can be regarded as the

expression of the resource or value potential people perceive in their material

environment” (Eiter 2010). According to Arler (2000) landscape qualities “should not

be conceived as mere expressions of private or subjective preferences … they are

sharable and discussable, even though they may not actually be shared by all, and

even though the common discussion cannot make up for personal experience. … “[T]he

key to a better regard for … landscape quality is … democratic dialogue …, not surveys

and calculations of everybody’s accidental here-and-now preferences”. This collective,

or inter-subjective, aspect is also reflected in the Preamble of the European Landscape

Convention which states that ‘‘the quality and diversity of European landscapes

constitute a common resource’’ (CoE 2000).

Synonyms: Landscape value, landscape resource

Keywords

Perception, natural,

cultural, economic,

aesthetic, amenity,

sensual, ecosystem

services, pictorial,

historical, biological

Sources

Arler, F. 2000.

‘Aspects of

landscape or nature

quality.’ Landscape

Ecology 15, 291–

302.

Council of Europe

2000. ‘European

Landscape

Convention’,

Florence.

http://www.coe.int/

en/web/conventions

/full-list/-

/conventions/treaty/

176



Figure 1. Title, Location (Photo: Author, year)

1. ábra Title, Location (Fotó: Author, year) (Hungarian for

publication in the Hungarian Journal of Landscape Ecology

Has anybody an idea for a picture/visualization?


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Eiter, S. 2010.

‘Landscape as an

Area Perceived

through Activity:

Implications for

Diversity

Management and

Conservation.’

Landscape Research,

35 (3), 339–359.



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Landscape resilience (Slobodan Mickovski)

Definition:

Landscape resilience is the capacity for renewal in a dynamic environment.

Synonyms (if any)

Some Keywords

Diversity,

regeneration,

resistance,

adaptation.

Source

Gunderson, L.H.,

2000. Ecological

resilience — in

theory and

application. Annual

Review of Ecology

and Systematics

31:425-439.



Figure 8. Yanweizhou Park gives new life to the riparian

wetland of Jinhua City, China (Photo: Turenscape, 2015),

Source: (https://www.toposmagazine.com/yanweizhou-

park-a-resilient-lanscape/#05-yanweizhou-birdeye-view2-

631x440)


4. first drafts best practice (bohumil frantal) definition...

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