4 exodus 25-40 (1)
TRANSCRIPT
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THE TABERNACLE AND GOLDEN CALF
EXODUS 25-40
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Alexander, T. D. From Paradise to Promised Land: An Introduction to the Pentateuch. GrandRapids: Baker Academic, 2002.
Alter, Robert. The Art of Biblical Narrative. New York: Basic Books, 1981.
Averbeck, R.E. “Tabernacle” in Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch. Eds. T.D. Alexander and David W. Baker. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2003.
Bruckner, James K. Exodus. New International Biblical Commentary, Vol. 2. Peabody;Hendrickson Publishers, Inc. 2008.
Goldingay, John. Exodus and Leviticus for Everyone. Louisville, KY: Westminster John KnoxPress, 2010.
Goldingay, John. Old Testament Theology: Volume 1, Israel’s Gospel. Downers Grove:InterVarsity Press, 2003. §6.4 Yhwh's Presence in a Sanctuary.
Meyers, Carol. Exodus. The New Cambridge Bible Commentary. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 2005.
Schnittjer, Gary. The Torah Story: an Apprenticeship on the Pentateuch. Grand Rapids:Zondervan, 2006.
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INSTRUCTIONS 25-31
Supplies are to come from the people, of their own free will ! 25:2;
cf. 35:5 ": note the response ! 36:2#7 "!
Design is Revelation # the details are not man#made ! 25:9, 39;
26:30; 27:8b ": note the repetition of the phrase “...as the Lord
commanded Moses” ! 10x in Exo 39, 8x in Exo 40 ".
INTRODUCTION TO THE TABERNACLE
13 chapters in Exodus cover the instructions and construction of
the Tabernacle = 32.5$ of Exodus by chapter count.
How does this contrast with other main sections of Exodus?
The entire section is a monologue of YHWH.
“...in the biblical view words underlie reality.With words God
called the world into being; the capacity for using language
from the start set man apart from the other creatures;
…” ! Alter 69#70 ".
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INTRODUCTION TO THE TABERNACLE
Basic Outline of Exodus 25!40
A. Instructions for the Dwelling ! 25:1#31:11 "
B. The Sign of the Sabbath ! 31:12#18 "
C. The Rebellion and the Revelation ! 32#34 "
1. The Golden Calf ! 32 "2. The Presence of God ! 33 "
3. The Covenant Renewed ! 34 "
D.Remembering the Sabbath! 35:1
#3 "
E. The Construction of the Dwelling ! 35:4#40:38 "
OVERVIEW
24:16 The Glory of YHWH dwelt on Mount Sinai
25#31 = Instructions for Construction
32#34 = Golden Calf and Implications
35#39 = Construction According to Instructions
40:34 The Glory of YHWH filled the Tabernacle
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OVERVIEW
Another view…
25#31 # Proper worship of God and building what He wants
32#34 # Improper worship and building what He does NOT
want
35#40 # Proper worship of God and building what He wants
Victor Hamilton, Handbook on the Pentateuch, 214.
THE PURPOSE OF THE TABERNACLE
25:8 # And let them make me a sanctuary, that I may dwell in
their midst
“make for me” contrast “make for us”! 32:1
"
a sacred, holy place# !"#$%&
to dwell # '(! ! shakan "
in contrast to )*+ ! yashab ! used of God dwelling in heaven
or on His throne, '(* refers to dwelling in close proximity
! TWOT §2387 "
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THE OVERVIEW (25:1-9)
Verse 1 # “YHWH spoke to Moses saying,…”
This quotational formula is used 7 times
1. 25:1 # Tabernacle Instructions
2. 30:11 # Atonement Collection ! tax? "
3. 30:17 # Bronze Basin Dimensions and Use
4. 30:22 # Anointing Oil Recipe and Use
5. 30:34 # Incense Recipe and Use
6. 31:1 # Bezalel and Oholiab’s Appointment
7. 31:12! Sabbath Regulations
Review 24:1#14 # How does this set the stage for the Tabernacle
section? What is happening relationally between YHWH and
Israel that leads to the next phase?
Review 24:15#18 # Establishes the setting for the Monologue
“In any given narrative event, and especially, at the beginning of
any new story, the point at which dialogue first emerges will be
worthy of special attention, and in most instances, the initial
words spoken by a personage will be revelatory, perhaps more in
manner than in matter, constituting an important moment in theexposition of character” ! Alter 74 ".
THE OVERVIEW (25:1-9)
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Collecting the raw materials from the people
hmfw%rt% ; - t erûm!h - first occurrence of the term
content defined in v. 3-7
given voluntarily ! free will o" ering
In Exod. two other uses of bda @ nf (n!" a#) @ 35:21, 29.
2 Cor 8:1-13; 9:7
THE OVERVIEW (25:1-9)
WHY PRESERVE?
Why would this need to be written down in such detail #
TWICE # for later readers?
What role has "place" had in the Bible up to this point?
How does God feel about David's Temple project ! 2 Sam 7:5#7 "
What change came about with the building of the Temple in
Jerusalem under Solomon, Ezra, and Herod?
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TERMINOLOGY FOR “TABERNACLE”
Tabernacle = Nk@ f#$ ;m@ i mi $ k !n (58Xs in Exodus)
related verb in v. 8b = “to dwell”
distinguished from the later Temple in which God will“dwell” ! b#$ ayf y!$ a#), which speaks of a permanent residence (2
Sam 7:5; 1 Kgs 8:13).
“The root ( $ kn) for “dwell” appears in the Hebrew word $% kînâ,which is found in rabbinic literature as a designation for the in-
dwelling of God among the people and even as a name forGod” (Meyers 223).
TERMINOLOGY FOR “TABERNACLE”
Second Term = “Tent” lhe)o (&'hel )often in construct with “meeting” d('wOm (mô()" )
27:21 first occ. of “tent of meeting” “and is used exclusively forthe shrine until ‘tabernacle’ again appears in 35:10” (Meyers
223).
Third Term = “sanctuary” #$d@ fq;mi (miqd !$ )
denotes a place of holiness, frequently with Jerusalem temple
only 2x in Exodus (15:17; 25:8); 9x in Lev.; 5x in Num.
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BREAK
TIME!
“I just ground up somebeans, and out came this
golden coffee….”
THE BUILDING PLANS: 25-28
Starts at the centre ! the Holy of Holies, and precedes outward. Thematerials used move from "pure gold" and coloured fabrics, to more
generic materials # bronze, leather hides $.
The specific details of the building plans # materials, dimensions,
colours, etc.. $ are emphasized in the repetitions of "Exactly as I show you concerning the pattern…" # 25:9; 25:40; 26:30; 27:8 $, and "...just as
YHWH commanded Moses" # 31:11; 39:32, 42, 43 $.
The Tabernacle is not the invention of Moses, it is a received andrevealed plan from God # cf. Hebrews 8:1!2; 9:24 $.
The stages of holiness and separation mirror the instructions inExodus 19 regarding Sinai # also Exodus 24 $. # cf. Hebrews 9 $
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SPIRITUAL GIFTS IN EXODUS (31:1-11)
Not normally included in most Spiritual Gift seminars!
Consider the implications of this passage to our understanding
of "spiritual gifts".
Are "spiritual gifts" always abilities that we cannot posses
otherwise?
Perhaps what makes our giftedness spiritual is the use we make
of them AND the empowerment of the Holy Spirit.
Perhaps we should embrace our natural abilities just as
"spiritual" as any other "gift", and stop being dualistic.
ONE LAST THING… (31:12-18)
What is the purpose of repeating the Sabbath command at this
point in the instructions?
What element is added to the Sabbath # a new description of its
importance $ %Compare Exo 20:8!11&?
"The people among whom the Israelites will live in Canaan or in
Babylon did not observe the Sabbath and sometimes consciously
or unconsciously tried to compromise Israelites' observance.
Keeping Sabbath was a weird thing to do; it was counter cultural.
Precisely because of that, it was hugely important, a symbol of the
Israelites' special relationship with God." # Goldingay 2010, 111 $.
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BREAK
TIME!
I just ground up some beans, and out came this golden
coffee….
THE
FALL (again)
Exodus 32-34
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THE GOLDEN CALF
What prompts the people’s request?
What are they asking for?
With what is God currently providing Moses?
The concern of the people, Moses, and God
To “go before” ! 32:1, 7, 23, 34; 33:1, 14#16; 34:9 "
MOSES VS. AARON
How does Aaron mirror Adam ! Gen 3 "?
What is the theological function of the contrast between Moses
and Aaron?
What is God’s response to the situation? How has He responded
to people’s challenges throughout Exodus?
Note the specific location of the “Tent of Meeting” at this point
in the narrative ! 33:7#11 "
Renewal # note parallels between 34:2#5 & ch. 19
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GOD'S INITIAL RESPONSE
32:7#8 = speech #1
32:9#10 = speech #2
Why should Moses "Go down" ! #1 ", if the plan is #2? What is
going on here? What is being indicated in God's #2 response in
relation to Genesis?
MOSES' FIRST INTERVENTION
32:11#13 # one of the longer Moses speeches to God.
How do both God and Moses refer to the people and the Exodus
event? ! compare 32:7 with 11 ".
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HOW DO LEADERS RESPOND?
1. Pleading ! 32:11#14 ". Moses seems to be more e' ective at arguing with God
than with people.
2. Shattering ! 32:15#19 ". Moses shares God's righteous anger. Shattering the
tablets symbolizes the shattering of relationship.
3. Destroying ! 32:20 ". Moses destroys the image in dramatic fashion.
4. Sidestepping ! 32:21#24 ". Aaron, like Adam, tries to avoid taking
responsibility for the people whom he leads. Moses question assumes being
pressured by the people, but Aaron's answer condemns him as a willing
participant.
5. Execution ! 32:25#29 ". Punitive action was required, though not theannihilation of the whole people.
YHWH'S DECLARATION
"Yhwh, Yhwh, the compassionate and gracious God,
slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness,
maintaining love to thousands and forgiving
wickedness, rebellion and sin.
Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished; he
punishes the children and their children for the sin of
the parents to the third and fourth generation"
"Exo 34:6!7; cf. 33:19#.
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YHWH'S COVENANT
And he said, “Behold, I " emphatic # am making a covenant. Before all
your people I will do marvels, such as have not been created in allthe earth or in any nation. And all the people among whom you are
shall see the work of the Lord, for it is an awesome thing that I will
do with you.”
! Exodus 34:10, ESV "
some translations add "...with you," but it's not in the
text.
"The covenant is Yhwh's bare declaration ofintent" # Goldingay, Israel's Gospel, 415 $.
EMBODYING REPENTANCE
The completion of the Tabernacle, the willing abundant o' ering,
and the repeated statement that the people did everything
exactly as Yhwh commanded Moses point to a return to
obedience.
The commitment of Yhwh to continue to be with His people
requires the obedient response of the people to construct the
central symbol of that reality.
The repetition of the Sabbath command at the beginning of the
Tabernacle construction phase picks up the narrative that wasinterrupted by the Golden Calf episode.
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INTERPRETIVE CAUTION
The text of Exodus itself should caution us against
reading too much symbolic interpretation into the
tabernacle. To detect in each piece of furniture, in each
fabric, in each curtain ring, in each color some hidden
meaning is more speculative than exegetical.(Hamilton,
219)
TABERNACLE & CREATION
God sees all the work # Gen 1:31 $
Moses sees all the work # Exod 39:43 $
The heavens and earth are “finished” # Gen 2:1 $
All the work of the tabernacle is “finished” # Exod 39:32 $
God finished all the work # Gen 2:2 $
Moses finished all the work # Exod 40:33 $
God blessed the seventh day # Gen 2:3 $
Moses blessed them # Exod 39:43 $
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TABERNACLE & SINAI
Degrees of sanctity and access to the presence
Location of the Glory of YHWH # 24:16; 40:34 $
Intensification
24:18 ! Moses enters the cloud
40:35 ! Moses cannot enter
Completion
19:4 ! I have brought you to myself
29:45 ! I will dwell among the people
19:17 ! Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God
25:8 ! “...that I may dwell in their midst.” # cf. Num 2:2 $
A FEW THEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Nahum M. Sarna, Exploring Exodus ! Schocken Books, 1986, 1996 ",
206#
What potential theological problem may emerge from the
Tabernacle institution? ! think attribute of God "The meticulous details about the materials and construction
point to an emphasis on God's unity and perfection.
The stone tablets in the holy of holies, alone in the Ark of the
Covenant, stands in stark contrast to ANE practice.
What are the "cherubim" guarding in the Tabernacle? How doesthis relate to what they are left guarding in Gen 3:24?