4-chlorophenol _ c6h5clo - pubchem
DESCRIPTION
p-chlorophenol databaseTRANSCRIPT
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4/6/2015 4CHLOROPHENOL|C6H5ClOPubChem
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4chlorophenol#section=OtherExperimentalProperties 1/61
NIH U.S.NationalLibraryofMedicine NationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformation
O P E NCHEMISTRYD A T A B A S E
SearchCompounds
4CHLOROPHENOL
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Drug Information
Pharmacology
Literature
Patents
Bioactivities
PubChemCID:4684ChemicalNames:4CHLOROPHENOLpChlorophenolparachlorophenol106489Phenol,4chloro4HydroxychlorobenzeneMore...MolecularFormula:C H ClOMolecularWeight:128.5563g/molInChIKey:WXNZTHHGJRFXKQUHFFFAOYSANUNII:3DLC36A01XCreateDate:20040916
CitethisRecord
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Contents1 2DStructure
2 3DConformer
3 Identification
4 ChemicalandPhysicalProperties
5 RelatedRecords
6 ChemicalVendors
7 DrugandMedicationInformation
8 PharmacologyandBiochemistry
9 UseandManufacturing
10 SafetyandHazards
11 Toxicity
12 Literature
13 Patents
14 BiomolecularInteractionsandPathways
15 BiologicalTestResults
16 Classification
17 InformationSources
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fromPubChem[5]
1 2DStructure
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fromPubChem[5]
2 3DConformer
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3 Identification
3.1 ComputedDescriptors
fromPubChem[5]4chlorophenol3.1.1 IUPACName
fromPubChem[5]InChI=1S/C6H5ClO/c75136(8)425/h14,8H3.1.2 InChI
fromPubChem[5]WXNZTHHGJRFXKQUHFFFAOYSAN
3.1.3 InChIKey
fromPubChem[5]C1=CC(=CC=C1O)Cl
3.1.4 CanonicalSMILES
3.2 OtherIdentifiers
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850fromECHA[3]http://echa.europa.eu/
20340262034026
3.2.1 ECNumber
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=085008503.2.2 ICSCNumber
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850SK2800000
3.2.3 RTECSNumber
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=08502020
3.2.4 UNNumber
fromFDA/SPLIndexingdata[4]http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DataStandards/StructuredProductLabeling/ucm377913.htm
3DLC36A01X3.2.5 UNII
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3.3 Synonyms
fromMeSH[6]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/67029107
1. 4chlorophenol2. 4chlorophenolion(1+)3. 4chlorophenol,copper(+1)salt4. 4chlorophenol,nickel(+2)salt5. 4chlorophenol,potassiumsalt6. 4chlorophenol,sodiumsalt7. 4chlorophenol,titanium(+4)salt8. 4chlorophenoxide9. 4monochlorophenol
10. pchlorophenol
11. paramonochlorophenol12. parachlorophenol
3.3.1 MeSHSynonyms
fromPubChem[5]
1. 4CHLOROPHENOL2. pChlorophenol3. parachlorophenol4. 1064895. Phenol,4chloro6. 4Hydroxychlorobenzene7. 4Monochlorophenol8. Phenol,pchloro9. Applied378
10. 4chlorophenol
11. 4chlorophenol12. pChlorophenicacid13. 4Chloro1hydroxybenzene14. pChlorfenol[Czech]15. 4chlorophenol16. pChlorfenol17. 4Chlorphenol18. Parachlorophenol[USP]19. Parachlorophenol(JAN/USP)20. UNII3DLC36A01X
21. CCRIS64222. 4chlorophenoxy23. CHEBI:2807824. HSDB141425. NSC287726. EINECS203402627. SBB04086428. 4chlorophenolate29. NCGC000908140130. AI319422
31. DSSTox_CID_187132. DSSTox_RID_7637633. DSSTox_GSID_2187134. sodiumpchlorophenoxide35. pChlorophenol,liquid[UN2021]36. pChlorophenol,solid[UN2020]37. 4Chlorophenolsodiumsalt38. 4chlorocyclohexa1,3,5trien1ol39. 4chlorophenoxide40. CAS106489
3.3.2 DepositorSuppliedSynonyms
fromPubChem[5]20040916
3.4 CreateDate
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4 ChemicalandPhysicalProperties
fromPubChem[5]
MolecularWeight 128.5563g/mol
MolecularFormula C H ClO
XLogP3 2.4
HydrogenBondDonorCount 1
HydrogenBondAcceptorCount 1
RotatableBondCount 0
ExactMass 128.002892g/mol
MonoisotopicMass 128.002892g/mol
TopologicalPolarSurfaceArea 20.2A^2
HeavyAtomCount 8
FormalCharge 0
Complexity 66.9
IsotopeAtomCount 0
DefinedAtomStereocenterCount 0
UndefinedAtomStereocenterCount 0
DefinedBondStereocenterCount 0
UndefinedBondStereocenterCount 0
CovalentlyBondedUnitCount 1
4.1 ComputedProperties
6 5
4.2 ExperimentalProperties
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850COLOURLESSTOYELLOWCRYSTALSWITHCHARACTERISTICODOUR.4.2.1 PhysicalDescription
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Needlelike,whitetostrawcoloredcrystalsLide,D.R.,G.W.A.Milne(eds.).HandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.VolumeI.3rded.CRCPress,Inc.BocaRaton,FL.1994.,p.V2:871
Whitecrystals(yelloworpinkwhenimpure)Lewis,R.J.Sr.Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary14thEdition.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,NY2001.,p.257
4.2.2 Color
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
YellowsolidAshford,R.D.Ashford'sDictionaryofIndustrialChemicals.London,England:WavelengthPublicationsLtd.,1994.,p.208
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
CharaceteristicphenolicodorO'Neil,M.J.(ed.).TheMerckIndexAnEncyclopediaofChemicals,Drugs,andBiologicals.WhitehouseStation,NJ:MerckandCo.,Inc.,2006.,p.356
Unpleasant,penetratingodorLewis,R.J.Sr.Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary14thEdition.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,NY2001.,p.257
ChlorophenolicodorAshford,R.D.Ashford'sDictionaryofIndustrialChemicals.London,England:WavelengthPublicationsLtd.,1994.,p.208
4.2.3 Odor
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850
220degCO'Neil,M.J.(ed.).TheMerckIndexAnEncyclopediaofChemicals,Drugs,andBiologicals.WhitehouseStation,NJ:MerckandCo.,Inc.,2006.,p.356
220C
4.2.4 BoilingPoint
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850
42.8degCLide,D.R.CRCHandbookofChemistryandPhysics86THEdition20052006.CRCPress,Taylor&Francis,BocaRaton,FL2005,p.3110
43C
4.2.5 MeltingPoint
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850
121DEGC(250DEGF)CLOSEDCUPFireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.13ed.Quincy,MA:NationalFireProtectionAssociation,2002.,p.32531
121C
4.2.6 FlashPoint
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
2.71PARTSSOLIN100PARTSWATER@20DEGCClayton,G.D.,F.E.Clayton(eds.)Patty'sIndustrialHygieneandToxicology.Volumes2A,2B,2C,2D,2E,2F:Toxicology.4thed.NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&SonsInc.,19931994.,p.1614
Verysolinalc,glycerin,ether,chloroform,fixedandvolatileoilssparinglysolinliquidpetroleum
4.2.7 Solubility
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850
O'Neil,M.J.(ed.).TheMerckIndexAnEncyclopediaofChemicals,Drugs,andBiologicals.WhitehouseStation,NJ:MerckandCo.,Inc.,2006.,p.356
Verysolinethanol,benzene,ethylethersolubleinalkaliLide,D.R.CRCHandbookofChemistryandPhysics86THEdition20052006.CRCPress,Taylor&Francis,BocaRaton,FL2005,p.3110
Solubleinaqueousalkali,oxygenatedandaromaticsolventsAshford,R.D.Ashford'sDictionaryofIndustrialChemicals.London,England:WavelengthPublicationsLtd.,1994.,p.208
Inwater,2.40X10+4mg/Lat25degCAbstract:PubMedRobertsMSJPharmPharmacol29:67783(1977)
Solubilityinwater,g/100mlat20C:2.7
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850
1.2238at78degC/4degCO'Neil,M.J.(ed.).TheMerckIndexAnEncyclopediaofChemicals,Drugs,andBiologicals.WhitehouseStation,NJ:MerckandCo.,Inc.,2006.,p.356
1.3g/cm3
4.2.8 Density
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850
4.43(Air=1)FireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.13ed.Quincy,MA:NationalFireProtectionAssociation,2002.
Relativevapourdensity(air=1):4.44Relativedensityofthevapour/airmixtureat20C(air=1):1.00
4.2.9 VaporDensity
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850
8.7X102mmHgat25degCShiuWYetalChemosphere29:1155224(1994)
Vapourpressure,Paat20C:13
4.2.10 VaporPressure
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850
logKow=2.39Hansch,C.,Leo,A.,D.Hoekman.ExploringQSARHydrophobic,Electronic,andStericConstants.Washington,DC:AmericanChemicalSociety.,1995.,p.17
2.39
4.2.11 LogP
4.2.12 Stability
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
VolatilewithsteamSax,N.I.andR.J.Lewis,Sr.(eds.).Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary.11thed.NewYork:VanNostrandReinholdCo.,1987.,p.270
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Whenheatedtodecompositionitemitstoxicfumesof/hydrogenchloride/.Lewis,R.J.Sax'sDangerousPropertiesofIndustrialMaterials.9thed.Volumes13.NewYork,NY:VanNostrandReinhold,1996.,p.803
4.2.13 Decomposition
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
5cPat50degCMullerFetalUllmann'sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry.7thed.(2005).NY,NY:JohnWiley&SonsChlorophenols.OnlinePostingDate:June15,2000.
4.2.14 Viscosity
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
9,330BTU/lbU.S.CoastGuard,DepartmentofTransportation.CHRISHazardousChemicalData.VolumeII.Washington,D.C.:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,19845.
4.2.15 HeatofCombustion
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
47.04kJ/molYaws,C.L.,ChemicalPropertiesHandbook:Physical,Thermodynamic,Environmental,Transport,SafetyandHealthRelatedPropertiesforOrganicandInorganicChemicals.McGrawHill,NewYork,NY1999.,p.118
4.2.16 HeatofVaporization
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
1%solutionisacidictolitmusLewis,R.J.Sr.Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary14thEdition.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,NY2001.,p.257
4.2.17 pH
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
30ppmU.S.CoastGuard,DepartmentofTransportation.CHRISHazardousChemicalData.VolumeII.Washington,D.C.:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,19845.
Odordetectioninair:1.8x104mg/L(gas),inwater:1.24ppm,chemicallypure/Chlorophenol/Fazzalari,F.A.(ed.).CompilationofOdorandTasteThresholdValuesData.ASTMDataSeriesDS48A(CommitteeE18).Philadelphia,PA:AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials,1978.,p.36
0.03ug/L30degCinwater
4.2.18 OdorThreshold
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
USEPAAmbientWaterQualityCriteriaDoc:ChlorinatedPhenolsp.C2(1980)EPA440/580032
250ug/L25degCinwaterUSEPAAmbientWaterQualityCriteriaDoc:ChlorinatedPhenolsp.C2(1980)EPA440/580032
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
pKa=9.41SerjeantEP,DempseyBIUPACChemDataSerNo.23.NY,NY:Pergamonpp.989(1979)
4.2.19 DissociationConstants
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Dipolemomentinbenzne:2.22debyeO'Neil,M.J.(ed.).TheMerckIndexAnEncyclopediaofChemicals,Drugs,andBiologicals.WhitehouseStation,NJ:MerckandCo.,Inc.,2006.,p.356
Medicinal,empyrumaticodor/Chlorophenols/RuthJHAmIndHygAssocJ47:A14251(1986)
VP:1mmat49.8degCLewis,R.J.Sax'sDangerousPropertiesofIndustrialMaterials.10thed.Volumes13NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&SonsInc.,1999.,p.V2:871
Density/Specificgravity:1.2651at40degC/4degCLide,D.R.CRCHandbookofChemistryandPhysics86THEdition20052006.CRCPress,Taylor&Francis,BocaRaton,FL2005,p.3110
VolatilewithsteamLewis,R.J.Sr.Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary14thEdition.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,NY2001.,p.257
Specificheat=177J/moleKat20degC.Heatofformation=198.9kJ/molat50degC.MP=43.5(gammaform)34.2(betaform).
MullerFetalUllmann'sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry.7thed.(2005).NY,NY:JohnWiley&SonsChlorophenols.OnlinePostingDate:June15,2000.
Enthalpyoffusion=13.600kJ/mol/45.489BTU/lbs/Yaws,C.L.,ChemicalPropertiesHandbook:Physical,Thermodynamic,Environmental,Transport,SafetyandHealthRelatedPropertiesforOrganicandInorganicChemicals.McGrawHill,NewYork,NY1999.,p.142
Henry'sLawconstant=6.27X107atmcum/moleat25degC(est)SRCThePhysicalPropertiesDatabase(PHYSPROP).Syracuse,NY:SyracuseResCorp.Availablefrom,asofOctober2,2008:http://www.syrres.com/esc/physprop.htm
Hydroxylradicalreactionrateconstant=9.87X1012cucm/molecsecat25degC(est)USEPAEstimationProgramInterface(EPI)Suite.Ver.3.12.Nov30,2004.Availablefrom,asofOct15,2008:http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm
4.2.20 OtherExperimentalProperties
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Indexofrefraction:1.5419at55degC/D1.5579at40degC/DO'Neil,M.J.(ed.).TheMerckIndexAnEncyclopediaofChemicals,Drugs,andBiologicals.WhitehouseStation,NJ:MerckandCo.,Inc.,2006.,p.356
MAXABSORPTION(CYCLOHEXANE):224NM(LOGE=3.94)279NM(LOGE=3.27)287NM(LOGE=3.23)SADTLERREFNUMBER:1418(IR,PRISM)243(IR,GRATING)
Weast,R.C.(ed.).HandbookofChemistryandPhysics.60thed.BocaRaton,Florida:CRCPressInc.,1979.,p.C429
IR:4814(CoblentzSocietySpectralCollection)Lide,D.R.,G.W.A.Milne(eds.).HandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.VolumeI.3rded.CRCPress,Inc.BocaRaton,FL.1994.,p.V4:4017
UV:409(SadtlerResearchLaboratoriesSpectralCollection)Lide,D.R.,G.W.A.Milne(eds.).HandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.VolumeI.3rded.CRCPress,Inc.BocaRaton,FL.1994.,p.V4:4017
NMR:17044(SadtlerResearchLaboratoriesSpectralCollection)Lide,D.R.,G.W.A.Milne(eds.).HandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.VolumeI.3rded.CRCPress,Inc.BocaRaton,FL.1994.,p.V4:4017
MASS:69778(NIST/EPA/MSDCMassSpectralDatabase,1990version)Lide,D.R.,G.W.A.Milne(eds.).HandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.VolumeI.3rded.CRCPress,Inc.BocaRaton,FL.1994.,p.V4:4017
Intensemassspectralpeaks:128m/z(100%),130m/z(33%),65m/z(42%),64m/z(20%)Lide,D.R.,G.W.A.Milne(eds.).HandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.VolumeI.3rded.CRCPress,Inc.BocaRaton,FL.1994.,p.V4:4017
4.3 SpectralProperties
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5 RelatedRecords
fromPubChem[5]
Literature(42) 3DStructure(15) Bioactivities(150) Patents(3245)
5.1 RelatedCompoundswithAnnotation
1,3,5trimethoxybenzene 1,4benzenedithiol thiopyran
fromPubChem[5]
SameTautomer 5
SameConnectivity 4
SameParent,Tautomer 42
SameParent,Connectivity 41
SameParent,Exact 38
Mixtures,Components,andNeutralizedForms 189
SimilarCompounds 174
SimilarConformers 6112
5.2 RelatedCompounds
fromPubChem[5]
All 563
Same 145
Mixture 418
5.3 RelatedSubstances
PubMed 730
5.4 EntrezCrosslinks
Download
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fromPubChem[5]
ProteinStructures 3
Taxonomy 2
Gene 2
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Vendor/Supplier PurchasableChemical PubChemSID
SigmaAldrich
185787_ALDRICH 24851180
25865_FLUKA 24855654
35826_FLUKA 57649429
35826_RIEDEL 24861964
442411_SUPELCO 24867839
Chembase.cn 92306 162079004
CAPOT22009 152235293
PubChem22009 143489356
MolPort MolPort000872025 88520014
Tractus RTR013097 204392012
AurumPharmatechLLC MP2149 186020741
AKosConsulting&Solutions AKOS000118967 104667390
ChemExperChemicalDirectory HaDH`NBHRYWih@H@@ 3132462
TimTecSBB040864 143419572
ST50214454 143719553
A&JPharmtechCO.,LTD.
AJ08107 223519103
CJ00069 223485423
ZB000430 223454499
ABIChem
AC1L1IPY 104307123
AC1Q78UH 117614988
AC1Q7AEN 117617010
ANPharmaTech AN22436 223653893
AngeneChemical
AGA74479 136393579
AGNPC07A5J9 186809705
AGNPC0BT158 195281374
AGNPC0BT274 195282738
ChemMol
1202473 126589506
49415223 126676574
98000212 135699137
MPBiomedicals 205596 51073429
6 ChemicalVendors
Refine/Analyze Download
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fromPubChem[5]
ChemicalSynthesisDatabase 106489 126536126
AAAChemistry AR1H7516 103811723
ChemFrog 888843627 125362517
DebyeScientificCo.,Ltd DB028832 202548651
HangzhouTryleadChemicalTechnology TL8000232 49830255
ChemboKB09010 162118239
KB241041 172890579
Ambinter SBB040864 118294844
3B_SCI 3B40931 184608566
KingScientific KSC174K7J 163802352
TCI(TokyoChemicalIndustry) C0243 87565404
FinetechIndustryLimited FT0618238 164803381
BidePharmatech BD96425 176860130
ZINC ZINC00001885 12016129
Mcule MCULE4022476067 167377456
ABBLISChemicals AB1003203 117689058
Anward ANW15354 160782855
ArkPharm,Inc. AK130507 163694269
Achemica ACMC2098jw 162283416
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7 DrugandMedicationInformation
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
LocalantibacterialagentinrootcanaltherapyOsol,A.(ed.).Remington'sPharmaceuticalSciences.16thed.Easton,Pennsylvania:MackPublishingCo.,1980.,p.1111
Topicalantiseptic/cat/Budavari,S.(ed.).TheMerckIndexAnEncyclopediaofChemicals,Drugs,andBiologicals.WhitehouseStation,NJ:MerckandCo.,Inc.,1996.,p.359
Medication(Vet):/Formerly/astopicalantisepticinointmentsRossoff,I.S.HandbookofVeterinaryDrugs.NewYork:SpringerPublishingCompany,1974.,p.106
7.1 TherapeuticUses
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8 PharmacologyandBiochemistry
fromMeSH[10]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68000891
AntiInfectiveAgents,LocalSubstancesusedonhumansandotheranimalsthatdestroyharmfulmicroorganismsorinhibittheiractivity.TheyaredistinguishedfromDISINFECTANTS,whichareusedoninanimateobjects.
Listofcompoundsthatmatchthiscategory.
8.1 MeSHPharmacologicalClassification
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Anumberofrabbitstudieshaveshownthatmetabolismofthemonochlorophenolsisprincipallyviaconjugation.Inonestudy,groupsof6rabbitsweretreatedbygavagewith171.3mg/kgof2CPor4CPemulsifiedinwaterasasingledose.Forbothisomers,the24hoururineanalysisindicatedthatbetween78.1and88.3%oftheadministereddosewasexcretedastheglucuronide,andbetween12.8and20.6%oftheadministereddosewasexcretedastheetherealsulfate.Atotalof101.7and101.1%oftheadministered2CPor4CPdoses,respectively,wasaccountedforasurinaryglucuronideandsulfateconjugates.
U.S.DeptHealth&HumanServices/AgencyforToxicSubstances&DiseaseRegistryToxicologicalProfileforChlorophenolsPB/99/166639p.80(July1999).Availablefrom,asofOctober28,2008:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html#
Metabolismwas...investigatedin4rabbits,eachtreatedbygavagewithanaveragedoseof395mg/kg/dayof4CP.After36hours,54.1%oftheadministereddoseappearedintheurineastheglucuronideconjugate,and10.4%oftheadministereddoseappearedintheetherealsulfatefraction.Only0.1%oftheadministereddosewasexcretedas4chlorocatechol.Thelowtotalrecovery(64.5%)inthelatterexperimentlimitsconclusions.
U.S.DeptHealth&HumanServices/AgencyforToxicSubstances&DiseaseRegistryToxicologicalProfileforChlorophenolsPB/99/166639p.80(July1999).Availablefrom,asofOctober28,2008:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html#
Inalimitedstudyindogsabouthalfofanoraldoseof2or4CPwasexcretedintheurineastheetherealsulfate.Noevidenceformetabolismtomercapturicacidwasfound.
U.S.DeptHealth&HumanServices/AgencyforToxicSubstances&DiseaseRegistryToxicologicalProfileforChlorophenolsPB/99/166639p.80(July1999).Availablefrom,asofOctober28,2008:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html#
...Absorbedfrom...gastrointestinaltract&...parenteralsitesofinjection....Excretedasconjugatesofsulfuric&glucuronicacid....Urinedarkensafterstanding/Chlorophenols/
Clayton,G.D.,F.E.Clayton(eds.)Patty'sIndustrialHygieneandToxicology.Volumes2A,2B,2C,2D,2E,2F:Toxicology.4thed.NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&SonsInc.,19931994.,p.161516
8.2 Absorption,DistributionandExcretion
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
PChlorophenolyieldspchloroanisoleinguineapigs.Goodwin,B.L.HandbookofIntermediaryMetabolismofAromaticCompounds.NewYork:Wiley,1976.,p.C36
PChlorophenolyields4chlorocatecholpchlorophenylbetaDglucuronide&pchlorphenylsulfateinrabbits.Goodwin,B.L.HandbookofIntermediaryMetabolismofAromaticCompounds.NewYork:Wiley,1976.,p.C36
PChlorophenolyieldspchlorophenylbetaDglucuronide*pchlorophenylsulfateinhens.Goodwin,B.L.HandbookofIntermediaryMetabolismofAromaticCompounds.NewYork:Wiley,1976.,p.C36
8.3 Metabolism/Metabolites
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
PChlorophenolyieldspchlorophenylsulfateinrats.Goodwin,B.L.HandbookofIntermediaryMetabolismofAromaticCompounds.NewYork:Wiley,1976.,p.C36
...87%of4chlorophenolwasexcretedinurineofdogsassulfateandglucuronide.USEPAAmbientWaterQualityCriteriaDoc:ChlorinatedPhenolsp.C10(1980)EPA440/580032
Mammalianmetabolismofchlorobenzeneyields4chlorophenolas/oneof/themajorproducts.USEPAAmbientWaterQualityCriteriaDoc:ChlorinatedPhenolsp.C10(1980)EPA440/580032
...Variouschlorophenolsareformedasintermediatemetabolitesduringthemicrobiologicaldegradationoftheherbicides2,4D&2,4,5TandthepesticidesSilvex,Ronnel,lindane,andbenzenehexachloride./Chlorophenols/
USEPAAmbientWaterQualityCriteriaDoc:ChlorinatedPhenolsp.A7(1980)EPA440/580032
1.Themetabolismoffivephenolsinzebrafishwasstudiedafteruptakefromthemedium.TheresultsshowednoqualitativedifferencestootherCyprinidfishspecies,onlytheoxidationrateseemedtobelower.2.Phenylglucuronide,phenylsulfate,andquinolsulfatewereidentifiedasmetabolitesofphenol.3.Identifiedmetabolitesof2cresolwere2cresylglucuronide,2cresylsulfate,and2hydroxybenzoicacidintraceamounts.4.Onlytheglucuronideandsulfateconjugatesweredetectedasmetabolitesof4nitrophenol,4chlorophenol,andpentachlorophenol.Abstract:PubMed
KasokatTetalXenobiotica17(10):121521(1987)
Inalimitedstudyindogsabouthalfofanoraldoseof2or4CPwasexcretedintheurineastheetherealsulfate.Noevidenceformetabolismtomercapturicacidwasfound.
U.S.DeptHealth&HumanServices/AgencyforToxicSubstances&DiseaseRegistryToxicologicalProfileforChlorophenolsPB/99/166639p.80(July1999).Availablefrom,asofOctober28,2008:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html#
...Theexposuretomonochlorobenzene(MBC)of44malesubjectsperformingmaintenanceworkinadiphenylmethane44'diisocyanateproducingplant/wasassessed/.Intotal,251wholeshiftpersonalairsamplingmeasurements(passivediffusion)werecarriedoutandattheendoftheshift,duringwhichthetimeweightedaverageexposure(TWA)toMCBwasdetermined,aurinesamplewascollectedfortheanalysisof4chlorophenoland4chlorocatechol,thetwomainurinarymetabolitesofMCBinhuman.TheMCBTWAvalueswerelognormallydistributedwithamedianof1.2ppmandarangefromlessthan0.05to106ppm.ThePearson'scorrelationcoefficientbetweenthelogMCBTWA(ppm)andthelogconcentration(mg/gcreatinine)ofthemetabolitesinpostshifturinesamplesamountedto0.65(Plessthan0.001)for4chlorophenol(log4chlorophenol=0.22+0.43logMCBTWA)and0.72(Plessthan0.001)for4chlorocatechol(log4chlorocatechol=0.53+0.58logMCBTWA),respectively.Ontheaveragetheworkersexcretedthreetimesmore4chlorocatecholthan4chlorophenol.Thefollowupof21workersoverseveraldaysdidnotshowanytendencyforthemetaboliteconcentrationinurinetoincreaseduringtheworkweek.Abstract:PubMed
KustersE,LauwerysRIntArchOccupEnvironHealth62(4):32931(1990)
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9 UseandManufacturing
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
ChlorinationofphenolfromchloroanilinethroughdiazoniumsaltLewis,R.J.,Sr(Ed.).Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary.12thed.NewYork,NY:VanNostrandRheinholdCo.,1993,p.270
...Fromdiazotizedpchloroanilinebychlorinationofphenol.TheMerckIndex.10thed.Rahway,NewJersey:MerckCo.,Inc.,1983.,p.302
Mfrbyselectivereductionofchlorobromophenols..TheMerckIndex.10thed.Rahway,NewJersey:MerckCo.,Inc.,1983.,p.302
FrompnitrosophenolbyamodificationofSandmeyerreaction.TheMerckIndex.10thed.Rahway,NewJersey:MerckCo.,Inc.,1983.,p.302
Phenol+sulphurylchloride(ringchlorination)Ashford,R.D.Ashford'sDictionaryofIndustrialChemicals.London,England:WavelengthPublicationsLtd.,1994.,p.208
Thechlorinationofmeltedphenolusingchlorinegasyieldsamixtureoforthoandparamonochlorophenolswithanortho/pararatioofabout0.54(35/65),whichisscarcelydependentontemperature.Thedistributionbetweenthetwoisomersdependsespeciallyonthenatureofthechlorinationreagentandthecharacteristicsofthereactionmedium.Theformationof2chlorophenolisfavoredbyanaproticnonpolarsolventmedium,suchashexane,carbontetrachloride,ordichloroethane.Theortho/pararatioisalsohigherforreactionswithalowconcentrationofphenolandahightemperature.Thechlorinationofa5%solutionofphenolinperchloroethyleneat110degCinthepresenceof0.01wt%diisopropylaminegivesaveryhighortho/pararatio,about15.ChlorinationsusingaqueoussodiumhypochloriteatpH10,tertbutylhypochloriteandalkaliphenolatesdispersedinananhydrousmedium,orchlorineinaceticacidinthepresenceofaceticanhydridealsofavortheformationof2chlorophenol.Theformationof4chlorophenolisfavoredbychlorinationinapolarmedium,suchasacetonitrile,nitrobenzene,orether.Substitutionintheparapositionisalsostronglyfavoredbytheuseofsulfurylchlorideasachlorinatingagent(ortho/para=0.35).
Ullmann'sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry.6thed.Vol1:FederalRepublicofGermany:WileyVCHVerlagGmbH&Co.2003toPresent,p.V8387(2003)
9.1 MethodsofManufacturing
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
...Chlorinated2phenoxyphenols,chlorinateddiphenylethers,andchlorinateddibenzofuransoccurasimpuritiesintechnicalgradeofchlorophenols./Chlorophenols/
AhlburgUG,ThunbergTMCRCCriticalReviewinToxicol7:1(1980)
Theimpuritiesincludepolychlorinateddibenzopdioxins(PCDDs),polychlorinateddibenzofurans(PCDFs),polychlorinatedphenoxyphenols,polychlorinateddiphenylethers,polychlorinatedbenzenes,andpolychlorinatedbiphenyls.Becausethehigherchlorinatedphenolsareproducedathighertemperature,thecontaminationofthehigherchlorinatedphenolsisgreaterthanthatofthelowerchlorinatedphenols./Chlorophenols/
U.S.DeptHealth&HumanServices/AgencyforToxicSubstances&DiseaseRegistryToxicologicalProfileforChlorophenolsp.139PB/99/166639(July1999).Availablefrom,asofOctober28,2008:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html#
9.2 Impurities
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Grade:NF,technicalLewis,R.J.,Sr(Ed.).Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary.12thed.NewYork,NY:VanNostrandRheinholdCo.,1993,p.270
9.3 Formulations/Preparations
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
ProductionvolumesfornonconfidentialchemicalsreportedundertheInventoryUpdateRule.Year ProductionRange(pounds)
1986 >500thousand1million
1990 10thousand500thousand
1994 10thousand500thousand
1998 10thousand500thousand
2002 10thousand500thousand
USEPANonconfidentialProductionVolumeInformationSubmittedbyCompaniesforChemicalsUnderthe19862002InventoryUpdateRule(IUR).4Chlorophenol(106489).Availablefrom,asofOctober24,2008:http://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/2002vol.html
9.4 U.S.Production
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
ANANALYTICALMETHODISDESCRIBEDFORCAPILLARYGASCHROMATOGRAPHICDETERMINATION,AFTERDERIVATIZATION,OF19INDIVIDUALCHLOROPHENOLS(INCLUDING2,3,&4CHLOROPHENOLS).MINIMUMDETECTABLEAMTFORMONOCHLOROPHENOLSWAS2UG/L.RIVERRHINE&DUTCHSURFACEWATERSWEREANALYZED.
WEGMANR,HOFSTEEAWATERRES13(7):651(1979)
Amethodispresentedforthesimultaneousdeterminationofawiderangeofcarboxylicacidsandphenols,onebeing4chlorophenol,inwater.Extractivealkylationisusedwiththetetrabutylammoniumionascounterionandpentafluorobenzylbromideasalkylatingagent.Extractsareanalyzedbyglasscapillarygaschromatographyandelectroncapturedetection.Usinga1mlwatersample,thedetectionlimitis110ug/l.
FogelqvistEetalJHighResolutChromatogrChromatogrCommun3(11):56874(1981)
Detectionof4chlorophenolinwatersampleswasdeterminedas4aminoantipyrinederivativebyhighperformanceliquidchromatography.
BloGetalJChromatogr257(1):6979(1983)
AreversedphaseHPLC(highpressureliquidchromatography)methodforresolutionofphenoliccompounds(pollutants)waspresented.Anewderivatizationreactionwasdevelopedemployingdiazotized4aminobenzonitrile,whichreactedalsowithpsubstitutedphenols.Theproductsofthereactioncouldbeextractedinnbutanol,allowingpreconcentrationandcleanupsteps.
BaiocchiCetalChromatographia15(10):6604(1982)
ChlorophenolswereseparatedbyhighperformanceliquidchromatographywithUVdetection(280nm)inconjunctionwithelectrochemicaldetection./Chlorophenols/
9.5 AnalyticLaboratoryMethods
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
AakerblomM,LindgrenBJChromatogr258:3026(1983)
Detectionoftracechlorophenolresiduesinenvironmentalsamplesbyquadrupolemassspectrometrywithselectedionmonitoringisdescribed./Chlorophenols/Abstract:PubMed
HargesheimerEE,CouttsRTJAssocOffAnalChem66(1):1321(1983)
Agasliquidchromatographicprocedureisdescribedfortheidentificationof32substitutedphenols.Thismethodinvolvesasimpleandreproduciblederivationstepwhichformsstablephenolpentafluorobenzylethersforwhichtheelectroncapturedetectorishighlysensitive./Substitutedphenols/
LeeHB,ChauASYJAssocOffAnalChem66(4):102938(1983)
Directdeterminationoftraceamountsofchlorophenolsinfreshwater,wastewaterandseawaterwasstudied./Chlorophenols/Abstract:PubMed
AbrahamssonK,XieTMJChromatogr279:199208(1983)
Separationoffreechlorophenolisomersonnonpolarandpolarquartzcapillarycolumnswasstudied./Chlorophenolisomers/
KorhonenIOJChromatogr303(1):197205(1984)
Determinationofchlorinatedphenolsinwater,wastewater,andwastewatersludgebycapillaryGC/ECD/Chlorinatedphenols/
BuissonRSKetalJChromatogrSci22(8):39942(1984)
Thismethodisadirectaqueousinjectionprocedureforthegasliquidchromatographicdeterminationof...chlorophenolsinwaterusingaflameionizationdetector.Themethodmaybeappliedtosamplescontainingmorethan1mgphenoliccompounds/l.Thismethodspecifiesasinglegasliquidchromatographiccolumnfortheseparationofphenoliccompoundsandaflameionizationdetectorfortheirmeasurement.Usingthismethod,4chlorophenolhasarelativeretentiontimeof3.6minincolumn1(at210degC)withacalibrationfactorof125ng/sqinandarelativeretentiontimeof3.6minincolumn2(at188degC)withacalibrationfactorof46.5ng/sqin.
FransonMAStandardMethodsfortheExaminationofWaterandWastewaterp.56170(1985)
Method:EPAEAD1653Procedure:gaschromatography/massspectrometryAnalyte:4chlorophenolMatrix:waterDetectionLimit:1.11ug/L.
NationalEnvironmentalMethodsIndexAnalytical,TestandSamplingMethods.Availablefromhttp://www.nemi.govon4Chlorophenol(106489)asofOctober27,2008
Method:NIOSH2014,Issue2Procedure:highperformanceliquidchromatographywithultravioletdetectorAnalyte:pchlorophenolMatrix:airDetectionLimit:2.5ug/sample.
U.S.DepartmentofLabor/OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration'sIndexofSamplingandAnalyticalMethods.Availablefrom:http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/toc.htmlonpChlorophenol(106489)asofOctober27,2008
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Amethodisdescribedfortheconfirmationof4chlorophenolinhumanurine.Ahydrolyzedurinesampleisanalyzedbygaschromatographyandliquidchromatography.Abstract:PubMed
LoresEMetalJChromatogrSci19(9):4669(1981)
Detectionoftracechlorophenolresiduesinbiologicalsamplesbyquadrupolemassspectrometrywithselectedion
9.6 ClinicalLaboratoryMethods
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
monitoringisdescribed.Phenolconcnaslowas1.0pmol/mlurine(human)gavepeaksthatwerereadilydiscerniblebyselectedionmonitoring./Chlorophenols/Abstract:PubMed
HargesheimerEE,CouttsRTJAssocOffAnalChem66(1):1321(1983)
GASCHROMATOGRAPHICDETERMINATIONOFPHENOLICCOMPOUNDS...INURINEOFINDUSTRIALLYEXPOSEDWORKERSWASPERFORMEDBYGCONGLASSCOLUMNCONTAINING60/80MESHTENAXGCUSINGFLAMEIONIZATIONDETECTORS.THEDETECTIONLIMITSINURINERANGEFROM0.1MG/LURINEFORPHENOLTO1MG/LFORTHEDI&TRICHLOROPHENOLS./CHLORINATEDPHENOLICCMPD/Abstract:PubMed
VANROOSMALENPBETALINTARCHOCCUPENVIRONHEALTH45(1):5762(1980)
CHLORINATEDPHENOLSINURINEAREISOLATEDBYSORPTIONONTOSMALLCOLUMNOFMACRORETICULARRESIN.THEPHENOLSWEREELUTEDFROMCOLUMNWITH2PROPANOLINHEXANESOLNCONCENTRATED&THEPHENOLSWERESEPARATED&ANALYZEDBYGC./CHLORINATEDPHENOLS/Abstract:PubMed
EDGERTONTRETALANALCHEM52(11):17747(1980)
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10 SafetyandHazards
10.1 HazardsIdentification
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850
10.1.1 GHSClassification
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Combustible.Givesoffirritatingortoxicfumes(orgases)inafire.10.1.2 FireHazard
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850MAYBEABSORBED!Redness.Pain.
10.1.3 SkinHazard
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Cough.Dizziness.Headache.Labouredbreathing.Nausea.Sorethroat.Vomiting.Weakness.
10.1.4 InhalationHazard
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Redness.Pain.Blurredvision.10.1.5 EyeHazard
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Abdominalpain.Unconsciousness.FurtherseeInhalation.10.1.6 IngestionHazard
Themajorhazardsencounteredintheuseandhandlingof4chlorophenolstemfromitstoxicologicproperties.Toxicbyallroutes(ie,ingestion,inhalation,dermalabsorption),exposuretothiswhitetostrawcolored,crystallinesubstancemayoccurfromitsuseasasyntheticintermediatefordyesandhigherchlorinatedphenolsandasadenaturantforalcohol.Effectsfromexposurecanincludeburnstotheskinandeyes,weakness,headache,dizziness,shock,anddeathfromcardiacorpulmonaryfailure.Contactwith4chlorophenolshouldbeprotectedagainstbywearingaselfcontainedbreathingapparatus,chemicalprotectiveclothingspecificallyrecommendedbytheshipperorproducer,rubbergloves,andboots.Noskinsurfaceshouldbeexposed.However,ifcontactdoesoccur,immediatelyflushaffectedskinoreyeswithrunningwaterforatleast15minutes,andremoveandisolatecontaminatedclothing.While4chlorophenoldoesnotigniteeasily,itcanburn,producingirritatingandpoisonousgases.Also,containersmayexplodeintheheatofafire.Forsmallfiresinvolving4chlorophenol,extinguishwithdrychemical,CO2,Halon,waterspray,orstandardfoam.Runofffromfirecontrolwatermaygiveoffpoisonousgasesandshouldbecontrolledbydiking,asnecessary.4Chlorophenolmaybeshippedviaair,rail,road,orwaterincontainersbearingthelabel,"Keepawayfromfood."Smallspillsof4chlorophenolmaybetakenupwithsandorothernoncombustibleabsorbentandplacedintocontainersforlaterdisposal.Priortoimplementinglanddisposalofwasteresidue(includingwastesludge),consultwithenvironmentalregulatoryagenciesforguidance.
10.1.7 HazardsSummary
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
COMBUSTIBLEWHENEXPOSEDTOHEATORFLAMELewis,R.J.Sax'sDangerousPropertiesofIndustrialMaterials.9thed.Volumes13.NewYork,NY:VanNostrandReinhold,1996.,p.803
10.1.8 FirePotential
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
StrongirritanttotissueSax,N.I.andR.J.Lewis,Sr.(eds.).Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary.11thed.NewYork:VanNostrandReinholdCo.,1987.,p.270
Thesubstanceirritatestheeyes,theskinandtherespiratorytract.Sittig,M.HandbookofToxicandHazardousChemicalsandCarcinogens,2002.4thed.Vol1AHNorwich,NY:NoyesPublications,2002.,p.584
Causessevereeyeandskinburns.FireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.13ed.Quincy,MA:NationalFireProtectionAssociation,2002.,p.4945
10.1.9 Skin,Eye,andRespiratoryIrritations
10.2 SafetyandHazardProperties
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Criticaltemperature=465degC/738Kelvin/Criticalpressure=3.990X10+4mmHg/53.20bar/Yaws,C.L.,ChemicalPropertiesHandbook:Physical,Thermodynamic,Environmental,Transport,SafetyandHealthRelatedPropertiesforOrganicandInorganicChemicals.McGrawHill,NewYork,NY1999.,p.13
10.2.1 CriticalTemperature
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Criticaltemperature=465degC/738Kelvin/Criticalpressure=3.990X10+4mmHg/53.20bar/Yaws,C.L.,ChemicalPropertiesHandbook:Physical,Thermodynamic,Environmental,Transport,SafetyandHealthRelatedPropertiesforOrganicandInorganicChemicals.McGrawHill,NewYork,NY1999.,p.13
10.2.2 CriticalPressure
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Flammability:1.1=Materialsthatmustbepreheatedbeforeignitioncanoccur.Watermaycausefrothingofliquidswiththisflammabilityratingnumberifitgetsbelowthesurfaceoftheliquidandturnstosteam.Howeverwaterspraygentlyappliedtothesurfacewillcauseafrothingwhichwillextinguishthefire.Mostcombustiblesolidshaveaflammabilityratingof1.
FireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.13ed.Quincy,MA:NationalFireProtectionAssociation,2002.,p.32531
Reactivity:0.0=Materialswhicharenormallystableevenunderfireexposureconditions,andwhicharenotreactivewithwater.Normalfirefightingproceduresmaybeused.
10.2.3 NFPAHazardClassification
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
FireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.13ed.Quincy,MA:NationalFireProtectionAssociation,2002.,p.32531
Health:4.4=Materialsthat,onveryshortexposure,couldcausedeathormajorresidualinjury,includingthosethataretoodangeroustobeapproachedwithoutspecializedprotectiveequipment.Afewwhiffsofthevapororgascancausedeath,orcontactwiththevapororliquidmaybefatal,ifitpenetratesthefirefighter'snormalprotectivegear.Thenormalfullprotectiveclothingandbreathingapparatusavailabletothetypicalfirefighterwillnotprovideadequateprotectionagainstinhalationorskincontactwiththesematerials.
FireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.13ed.Quincy,MA:NationalFireProtectionAssociation,2002.,p.32531
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Nodata.
10.2.4 PhysicalDanger
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Decomposesonburning.Thisproducestoxicandcorrosivefumesofhydrochloricacidandchlorine.Reactswithoxidants.
10.2.5 ChemicalDanger
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850TLV(NOTESTABLISHED):.10.2.6 OccupationalExposureLimits
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Noindicationcanbegivenabouttherateatwhichaharmfulconcentrationofthissubstanceintheairisreachedonevaporationat20C.
10.2.7 InhalationRisk
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Thesubstanceisseverelyirritatingtotheeyes,skinandrespiratorytract.Thesubstancemaycauseeffectsonthecentralnervoussystem.
10.2.8 EffectsofShortTermExposure
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Thesubstancemayhaveeffectsonthecentralnervoussystem.
10.2.9 EffectsofLongTermExposure
10.3 FirstAidMeasures
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Usewaterspray,powder,foam,carbondioxide.10.3.1 FireFirstAid
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Freshair,rest.Referformedicalattention.10.3.2 InhalationFirstAid
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fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Removecontaminatedclothes.Rinseandthenwashskinwithwaterandsoap.Referformedicalattention.
10.3.3 SkinFirstAid
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Firstrinsewithplentyofwaterforseveralminutes(removecontactlensesifeasilypossible),thenreferformedicalattention.
10.3.4 EyeFirstAid
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Rinsemouth.DoNOTinducevomiting.Referformedicalattention.10.3.5 IngestionFirstAid
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
WATER,SPRAY,MIST,FOG,FOAM,DRYCHEMICALLewis,R.J.Sax'sDangerousPropertiesofIndustrialMaterials.9thed.Volumes13.NewYork,NY:VanNostrandReinhold,1996.,p.803
Usedrychemical,carbondioxide,orfoamextinguishers.Vaporsareheavierthanairandwellcollectinlowareas....Vaporsinconfinedareasmayexplodewhenexposedtofire.Containersmayexplodeinfire.Storagecontainersandpartsofcontainersmayrocketgreatdistances,inmanydirections....Fromasecure,explosionprooflocation,usewaterspraytocoolexposedcontainers.Ifcoolingstreamsareineffective(ventingsoundincreasesinvolumeandpitch,tankdiscolors,orshowsanysignsofdeforming),withdrawimmediatelytoasecureposition./Monochlorophenols/
Sittig,M.HandbookofToxicandHazardousChemicalsandCarcinogens,2002.4thed.Vol1AHNorwich,NY:NoyesPublications,2002.,p.584
Usedrychemicalfoam,carbondioxide,orwaterspray.Approachfirefromupwindtoavoidhazardousvaporsandtoxicdecompositionproducts.Usewaterspraytokeepfireexposedcontainerscool.
FireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.13ed.Quincy,MA:NationalFireProtectionAssociation,2002.,p.4945
10.4 FireFightingMeasures
10.5 AccidentalReleaseMeasures
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850
Personalprotection:chemicalprotectionsuitandfilterrespiratorfororganicgasesandvapoursadaptedtotheairborneconcentrationofthesubstance.DoNOTletthischemicalentertheenvironment.Sweepspilledsubstanceintocoveredcontainers.Carefullycollectremainder.Thenstoreanddisposeofaccordingtolocalregulations.
10.5.1 SpillageDisposal
Phenoliccmpdinwastewaterareoxidizedwithhydrogenperoxidecatalyzedbyiron(3+)iron(2+).Whenthewtratioofphenol:hydrogenperoxideis1:3andiron5100ppm,morethan95%ofthephenolsareremovedin30minfroma500ppmphenolsolnatpH56and2550degC./Phenoliccmpd/
GreenbergESPapSynthConf(Proc)293303(1979)
10.5.2 CleanupMethods
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Evacuateandrestrictpersonsnotwearingprotectiveequipmentfromareaofspillorleakuntilcleanupiscomplete.Removeallignitionsources.Ventilateareaofspillorleak.Absorbliquidsinvermiculite,drysand,earth,peat,carbon,orasimilarmaterialanddepositinsealedcontainers.Collectpowderedmaterialinthemostconvenientandsafemanneranddepositinsealedcontainers.Itmaybenecessarytocontainanddisposeofthischemicalasahazardouswaste./Monochlorophenols/
Sittig,M.HandbookofToxicandHazardousChemicalsandCarcinogens,2002.4thed.Vol1AHNorwich,NY:NoyesPublications,2002.,p.584
Shovelintosuitabledrycontainer.FireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.13ed.Quincy,MA:NationalFireProtectionAssociation,2002.,p.4945
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
SRP:Themostfavorablecourseofactionistouseanalternativechemicalproductwithlessinherentpropensityforoccupationalexposureorenvironmentalcontamination.Recycleanyunusedportionofthematerialforitsapproveduseorreturnittothemanufacturerorsupplier.Ultimatedisposalofthechemicalmustconsider:thematerial'simpactonairqualitypotentialmigrationinsoilorwatereffectsonanimal,aquatic,andplantlifeandconformancewithenvironmentalandpublichealthregulations.
ChemicalTreatabilityofpChlorophenolConcentrationProcess:BiologicalTreatmentChemicalClassification:PhenolsScaleofStudy:UnknownTypeofWastewaterUsed:PureCompound(onesoluteinasolvent)ResultsofStudy:96%reductionbasedonchemicaloxygendemand,rateofbiodegradation11mg/ghr(ActivatedSludgeProcess).
USEPAManagementofHazardousWasteLeachate,EPAContractNo.68032766p.E58(1982)
ChemicalTreatabilityofpChlorophenolConcentrationProcess:BiologicalTreatmentChemicalClassification:PhenolsScaleofStudy:LaboratoryScaleTypeofWastewaterUsed:PureCompound(onesoluteinasolvent)ResultsofStudy:100%reductionin33hours(Biodegradationbymutantpseudomonasspecies).
USEPAManagementofHazardousWasteLeachate,EPAContractNo.68032766p.E58(1982)
Thisworkpresentstheresultsoftheapplicationofanoptimallycontrolledinfluentflowratestrategytobiodegrade,inadiscontinuousreactor,highconcentrationsof4chlorophenolusedastoxiccompoundmodel.Theinfluentisfedintothereactorinsuchawayastoobtainthemaximaldegradationrate,thusavoidingtheinhibitionofthemicroorganisms.Theoptimalstrategywasabletomanageincrementsoftoxicconcentrationsintheinfluentupto7,000mg4CP/Lwithoutanyproblem.Itwasshownnotonlythathigherconcentrationsoftoxiccouldbetreated,butalsothatareductionindegradationtime(around52%)andinthesuppliedairvolumewasobtained.Abstract:PubMed
MorenoAndradeIetalWaterSciTechnol53(11):2618(2006)
Theaim...istostudyacoupledsystemtotreatbiorecalcitrantwastewaters.Thecombinationconsistsofanadvancedoxidationprocess(AOP)namedphotoFenton(PhF),whichisaphotochemicaltreatmentandasequencingbatchbiofilterreactor(SBBR).Thesyntheticwastewaterusedtooptimizethisprocessisasolutionof200ppmof4chlorophenol(4CP)...Theresultsshowedthatitisnecessarytoseverelytreatthetoxicsolution(with500ppmof[H2O2]0)inordertoachievemorethan90%ofTOCremovalinthewholeprocess.Thephotochemicalandbiologicaltreatmentslasted50minutesand24hours,respectively.Abstract:PubMed
BacarditJetalWaterSciTechnol55(12):95100(2007)
Treatmentofsimulatedwastewatercontaining40mg/Lof4chlorophenol(4CP)wascarriedoutinanupflowanaerobicsludgeblanket(UASB)reactorundermethanogeniccondition.TheperformanceofthistestUASBreactorwasevaluatedintermsof4CPremoval.Hydraulicretentiontime(HRT)andsubstrate:cosubstrateratioforthe4CPremovalwasoptimizedbyvaryingtheinfluentflowrate(1334.7ml/min)andsodiumacetate
10.5.3 DisposalMethods
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
concentration(25g/L),respectively...Abstract:PubMedMajumderPS,GuptaSKBioresourTechnol99(10):416977(2008)
A)Dissolveinsuchcombustiblesolventasalcohols,benzeneetc.Spraythesolventintothefurnacewithafterburnerandscrubber.B)Pourintosodiumbicarbonateoramixtureofsandsodaash(9:1).Aftermixing,transferintoapapercartonfilledwithpackingpaper.Burnmoreefficientlyinthefurnacewithanafterburnerandscrubber.Recommendablemethod:Incineration.Notrecommendablemethod:Dischargetosewer.
UnitedNations.TreatmentandDisposalMethodsforWasteChemicals(IRPTCFile).DataProfileSeriesNo.5.Geneva,Switzerland:UnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgramme,Dec.1985.,p.224
Thebiosurfactant'seffectonthebiodegradationof4chlorophenol(4CP)intheexistenceofglucosewasresearchedunderthecircumstancesofusingunacclimatedcultureandvarioussludgeages.Theremovalefficienciesofchemicaloxygendemand(COD)and4CP,thegrowthofbiomassandspecificsubstrateremovalrateswereexaminedundervariousoperatingconditions....Abstract:PubMed
UysalA,TurkmanAJHazardMater148(12):1517(2007)
TiO(2)photocatalyst(P25)(50mg/L)wastentativelyintroducedintopulsedhighvoltagedischargeprocessfornonthermalplasmainducedphotocatalyticdegradationoftherepresentativemodeorganicpollutantparachlorophenol(4CP),includingothercompoundsphenolandmethylredinwater....TheintroductionofTiO(2)photocatalystintopulseddischargeplasmaprocessintheutilizingofultravioletradiationandelectricfieldinpulseddischargeplasmaprocessenhancedtheyieldsofchemicallyactivespecies,whichwereavailableforhighlyefficientremovalandmineralizationoforganicpollutants.Abstract:PubMed
HaoXLetalJHazardMater141(3):47582(2007)
2Chlorophenol(2CP),4chlorophenol(4CP)and2,4dichlorophenol(2,4DCP)atinitialconcentrationsof10,20,50and100mg/LweredegradedinaqueousmediabydirectUVphotolysisusingdielectricbarrierdischargeXeBr(*)excilamp(283nm)inaflowthroughphotoreactor.Thepseudofirstorderrateconstantswerehighestandhalflifetimeswerelowestfor4CP.Theratesofphotolysisundertheexperimentalconditionsincreasedintheorder:2CP
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
bytheworkers.Contaminatedclothingshouldnotbetakenhomeatendofshift,butshouldremainatemployee'splaceofworkforcleaning.
10.6 HandlingandStorage
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Separatedfromstrongoxidantsandfoodandfeedstuffs.Wellclosed.10.6.1 SafetyStorage
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Storeintightlyclosedcontainersinacool,wellventilatedarea.Metalcontainersinvolvingthetransferofthischemicalshouldbegroundedandbonded.Wherepossible,automaticallypumpliquidfromdrumsorotherstoragecontainerstoprecesscontainers.Drumsmustbeequippedwithselfclosingvalves,pressurevacuumbungs,andflamearresters.Useonlynonsparkingtoolsandequipment,especiallywhenopeningandclosingcontainersofthischemical.Sourcesofignitionsuchassmokingandopenflames,areprohibitedwherethischemicalisused,handled,orstoredinamannerthatcouldcreateapotentialfireorexplosionhazard./Monochlorophenols/
Sittig,M.HandbookofToxicandHazardousChemicalsandCarcinogens,2002.4thed.Vol1AHNorwich,NY:NoyesPublications,2002.,p.584
10.6.2 StorageConditions
10.7 ExposureControlandPersonalProtection
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
DOEProtectiveActionCriteria(PAC):TemporaryEmergencyExposureLimits(TEELs)forXylene:TEEL0:250mg/cumPAC1:400mg/cumPAC2:400mg/cumPAC3:400mg/cum(TEEL0:ThethresholdconcentrationbelowwhichmostpeoplewillexperiencenoadversehealtheffectsPAC1:ThemaximumconcentrationinairbelowwhichitisbelievednearlyallindividualscouldbeexposedforuptoonehourwithoutexperiencingotherthanmildtransientadversehealtheffectsorperceivingaclearlydefinedobjectionableodorPAC2:ThemaximumconcentrationinairbelowwhichitisbelievednearlyallindividualscouldbeexposedforuptoonehourwithoutexperiencingordevelopingirreversibleorotherserioushealtheffectsorsymptomsthatcouldimpairtheirabilitiestotakeprotectiveactionPAC3:Themaximumconcentrationinairbelowwhichitisbelievednearlyallindividualscouldbeexposedforuptoonehourwithoutexperiencingordevelopinglifethreateninghealtheffects).
DOE(2008)ProtectiveActionCriteria(PAC)forChemicalsIncludingAEGLs,ERPGs,&TEELs(http://orise.orau.gov/emi/scapa/teels.htm)PACDatabaseRevision24
10.7.1 OtherOccupationalPermissibleLevels
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850NOopenflames.10.7.2 FirePrevention
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850PREVENTDISPERSIONOFDUST!10.7.3 ExposurePrevention
10.7.4 InhalationPrevention
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fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Useventilation(notifpowder),localexhaustorbreathingprotection.
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Protectivegloves.Protectiveclothing.10.7.5 SkinPrevention
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Wearfaceshieldoreyeprotectionincombinationwithbreathingprotection.10.7.6 EyePrevention
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Donoteat,drink,orsmokeduringwork.
10.7.7 IngestionPrevention
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
/Wear/faceshieldBootsandapronRespiratoryprotectionU.S.CoastGuard,DepartmentofTransportation.CHRISHazardousChemicalData.VolumeII.Washington,D.C.:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,19845.
Wearprotectiveglovesandclothingtopreventanyreasonableprobabilityofskincontact.Safetyequipmentsuppliers/manufacturerscanproviderecommendationsonthemostprotectiveglove/clothingmaterialforyouroperation.Allprotectiveclothing(suits,gloves,footwear,headgear)shouldbeclean,availableeachday,andputonbeforework.Contactlensesshouldnotbewornwhenworkingwiththischemical.Wearsplashproofchemicalgogglesandfaceshieldwhenworkingwithliquid,unlessfullfacepiecerespiratoryprotectionisworn.Weardustproofgoggleswhenworkingwithpowdersordust,unlessfullfacepiecerespiratoryprotectionisworn.Employeesshouldwashimmediatelywithsoapwhenskiniswetorcontaminated.Provideemergencyshowersandeyewash./Monochlorophenols/
Sittig,M.HandbookofToxicandHazardousChemicalsandCarcinogens,2002.4thed.Vol1AHNorwich,NY:NoyesPublications,2002.,p.584
Wearspecialprotectiveclothingandpositivepressureselfcontainedbreathingapparatus.FireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.13ed.Quincy,MA:NationalFireProtectionAssociation,2002.,p.4945
ENGINEERINGCONTROLSUseonlyinachemicalfumehood.Safetyshowerandeyebath.SigmaAldrichMSDSforPentabromophenol.5pp.(January31,2006)Availablefrom,asofNovember30,2008:http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/ALDRICH/P1608?LastFive
10.7.8 ProtectiveEquipmentandClothing
10.8 TransportInformation
/GUIDE153:SUBSTANCESTOXICAND/ORCORROSIVE(COMBUSTIBLE)/Health:TOXICinhalation,ingestion,orskincontactwithmaterialmaycausesevereinjuryordeath.Contactwithmoltensubstancemaycausesevereburnstoskinandeyes.Avoidanyskincontact.Effectsofcontactorinhalationmaybedelayed.Firemayproduceirritating,corrosiveand/ortoxicgases.Runofffromfirecontrolordilutionwatermaybecorrosiveand/or
10.8.1 DOTEmergencyGuidelines
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
toxicandcausepollution./Chlorophenols,liquidChlorophenols,solid/U.S.DepartmentofTransportation.2004EmergencyResponseGuidebook.AGuidebookforFirstRespondersDuringtheInitialPhaseofaDangerousGoods/HazardousMaterialsIncident.Washington,D.C.2004
/GUIDE153:SUBSTANCESTOXICAND/ORCORROSIVE(COMBUSTIBLE)/FireorExplosion:Combustiblematerial:mayburnbutdoesnotignitereadily.Whenheated,vaporsmayformexplosivemixtureswithair:indoors,outdoors,andsewersexplosionhazards.Thosesubstancesdesignatedwitha"P"maypolymerizeexplosivelywhenheatedorinvolvedinafire.Contactwithmetalsmayevolveflammablehydrogengas.Containersmayexplodewhenheated.Runoffmaypollutewaterways.Substancemaybetransportedinamoltenform./Chlorophenols,liquidChlorophenols,solid/
U.S.DepartmentofTransportation.2004EmergencyResponseGuidebook.AGuidebookforFirstRespondersDuringtheInitialPhaseofaDangerousGoods/HazardousMaterialsIncident.Washington,D.C.2004
/GUIDE153:SUBSTANCESTOXICAND/ORCORROSIVE(COMBUSTIBLE)/PublicSafety:CALLEmergencyResponseTelephoneNumber....Asanimmediateprecautionarymeasure,isolatespillorleakareainalldirectionsforatleast50meters(150feet)forliquidsandatleast25meters(75feet)forsolids.Keepunauthorizedpersonnelaway.Stayupwind.Keepoutoflowareas.Ventilateenclosedareas./Chlorophenols,liquidChlorophenols,solid/
U.S.DepartmentofTransportation.2004EmergencyResponseGuidebook.AGuidebookforFirstRespondersDuringtheInitialPhaseofaDangerousGoods/HazardousMaterialsIncident.Washington,D.C.2004
/GUIDE153:SUBSTANCESTOXICAND/ORCORROSIVE(COMBUSTIBLE)/ProtectiveClothing:Wearpositivepressureselfcontainedbreathingapparatus(SCBA).Wearchemicalprotectiveclothingthatisspecificallyrecommendedbythemanufacturer.Itmayprovidelittleornothermalprotection.Structuralfirefighters'protectiveclothingprovideslimitedprotectioninfiresituationsONLYitisnoteffectiveinspillsituationswheredirectcontactwiththesubstanceispossible./Chlorophenols,liquidChlorophenols,solid/
U.S.DepartmentofTransportation.2004EmergencyResponseGuidebook.AGuidebookforFirstRespondersDuringtheInitialPhaseofaDangerousGoods/HazardousMaterialsIncident.Washington,D.C.2004
/GUIDE153:SUBSTANCESTOXICAND/ORCORROSIVE(COMBUSTIBLE)/Evacuation:...Fire:Iftank,railcarortanktruckisinvolvedinafire,ISOLATEfor800meters(1/2mile)inalldirectionsalso,considerinitialevacuationfor800meters(1/2mile)inalldirections./Chlorophenols,liquidChlorophenols,solid/
U.S.DepartmentofTransportation.2004EmergencyResponseGuidebook.AGuidebookforFirstRespondersDuringtheInitialPhaseofaDangerousGoods/HazardousMaterialsIncident.Washington,D.C.2004
/GUIDE153:SUBSTANCESTOXICAND/ORCORROSIVE(COMBUSTIBLE)/Fire:Smallfires:Drychemical,CO2orwaterspray.Largefires:Drychemical,CO2,alcoholresistantfoamorwaterspray.Movecontainersfromfireareaifyoucandoitwithoutrisk.Dikefirecontrolwaterforlaterdisposaldonotscatterthematerial.Fireinvolvingtanksorcar/trailerloads:Fightfirefrommaximumdistanceoruseunmannedhoseholdersormonitornozzles.Donotgetwaterinsidecontainers.Coolcontainerswithfloodingquantitiesofwateruntilwellafterfireisout.Withdrawimmediatelyincaseofrisingsoundfromventingsafetydevicesordiscolorationoftank.ALWAYSstayawayfromtanksengulfedinfire./Chlorophenols,liquidChlorophenols,solid/
U.S.DepartmentofTransportation.2004EmergencyResponseGuidebook.AGuidebookforFirstRespondersDuringtheInitialPhaseofaDangerousGoods/HazardousMaterialsIncident.Washington,D.C.2004
/GUIDE153:SUBSTANCESTOXICAND/ORCORROSIVE(COMBUSTIBLE)/SpillorLeak:ELIMINATEallignitionsources(nosmoking,flares,sparksorflamesinimmediatearea).Donottouchdamagedcontainersorspilledmaterialunlesswearingappropriateprotectiveclothing.Stopleakifyoucandoitwithoutrisk.Prevententryintowaterways,sewers,basementsorconfinedareas.Absorborcoverwithdryearth,sandorothernoncombustiblematerialandtransfertocontainers.DONOTGETWATERINSIDECONTAINERS./Chlorophenols,liquidChlorophenols,solid/
U.S.DepartmentofTransportation.2004EmergencyResponseGuidebook.AGuidebookforFirstRespondersDuringtheInitialPhaseofaDangerousGoods/HazardousMaterialsIncident.Washington,D.C.2004
/GUIDE153:SUBSTANCESTOXICAND/ORCORROSIVE(COMBUSTIBLE)/FirstAid:Movevictimtofreshair.Call911oremergencymedicalservice.Giveartificialrespirationifvictimisnotbreathing.Donotusemouthto
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mouthmethodifvictimingestedorinhaledthesubstancegiveartificialrespirationwiththeaidofapocketmaskequippedwithaonewayvalveorotherproperrespiratorymedicaldevice.Administeroxygenifbreathingisdifficult.Removeandisolatecontaminatedclothingandshoes.Incaseofcontactwithsubstance,immediatelyflushskinoreyeswithrunningwaterforatleast20minutes.Forminorskincontact,avoidspreadingmaterialonunaffectedskin.Keepvictimwarmandquiet.Effectsofexposure(inhalation,ingestionorskincontact)tosubstancemaybedelayed.Ensurethatmedicalpersonnelareawareofthematerial(s)involvedandtakeprecautionstoprotectthemselves./Chlorophenols,liquidChlorophenols,solid/
U.S.DepartmentofTransportation.2004EmergencyResponseGuidebook.AGuidebookforFirstRespondersDuringtheInitialPhaseofaDangerousGoods/HazardousMaterialsIncident.Washington,D.C.2004
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Nopersonmay/transport,/offeroracceptahazardousmaterialfortransportationincommerceunlessthatpersonisregisteredinconformance...andthehazardousmaterialisproperlyclassed,described,packaged,marked,labeled,andinconditionforshipmentasrequiredorauthorizedby.../thehazardousmaterialsregulations(49CFR171177)./
49CFR171.2(7/1/96)
TheInternationalAirTransportAssociation(IATA)DangerousGoodsRegulationsarepublishedbytheIATADangerousGoodsBoardpursuanttoIATAResolutions618and619andconstituteamanualofindustrycarrierregulationstobefollowedbyallIATAMemberairlineswhentransportinghazardousmaterials.
IATA.DangerousGoodsRegulations.38thed.Montreal,CanadaandGeneva,Switzerland:InternationalAirTransportAssociation,DangerousGoodsBoard,January,1997.,p.123
TheInternationalMaritimeDangerousGoodsCodelaysdownbasicprinciplesfortransportinghazardouschemicals.Detailedrecommendationsforindividualsubstancesandanumberofrecommendationsforgoodpracticeareincludedintheclassesdealingwithsuchsubstances.Ageneralindexoftechnicalnameshasalsobeencompiled.Thisindexshouldalwaysbeconsultedwhenattemptingtolocatetheappropriateprocedurestobeusedwhenshippinganysubstanceorarticle.
IMDGInternationalMaritimeDangerousGoodsCodeInternationalMaritimeOrganizationp.6101(1988)
10.8.2 ShipmentMethodsandRegulations
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850
Donottransportwithfoodandfeedstuffs.Marinepollutant.
10.8.3 PackagingandLabelling
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Symbol:Xn,NR:20/21/2251/53S:(2)2861Note:C10.8.4 ECClassification
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850UNHazardClass:6.1UNPackGroup:III
10.8.5 UNClassification
TransportEmergencyCard:TEC(R)804.
10.8.6 EmergencyResponse
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fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850NFPACode:H3F1R0.
10.9 RegulatoryInformation
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
(FL)FLORIDA5.5ug/LUSEPA/OfficeofWaterFederalStateToxicologyandRiskAnalysisCommittee(FSTRAC).SummaryofStateandFederalDrinkingWaterStandardsandGuidelines(11/93)ToPresent
10.9.1 StateDrinkingWaterGuidelines
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Toxicpollutantdesignatedpursuanttosection307(a)(1)oftheFederalWaterPollutionControlActandissubjecttoeffluentlimitations./Chlorinatedphenols/
40CFR401.15(USEPA)U.S.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration'sElectronicCodeofFederalRegulations.Availablefrom,asofOctober24,2008:http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr
10.9.2 CleanWaterActRequirements
10.10 OtherSafetyInformation
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Toxicandirritatinghydrogenchlorideandchlorinegasesmayforminfires.U.S.CoastGuard,DepartmentofTransportation.CHRISHazardousChemicalData.VolumeII.Washington,D.C.:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,19845.
Poisonousgasesincludingphenolsandchloridesarproducedinfire.Sittig,M.HandbookofToxicandHazardousChemicalsandCarcinogens,2002.4thed.Vol1AHNorwich,NY:NoyesPublications,2002.,p.585
Combustionmayproduceirritantsandtoxicgases.FireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.13ed.Quincy,MA:NationalFireProtectionAssociation,2002.,p.4945
10.10.1 ToxicCombustionProducts
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Reactswithsomeoxidizingmaterials,organicacids.FireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.13ed.Quincy,MA:NationalFireProtectionAssociation,2002.,p.4945
10.10.2 OtherHazardousReactions
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11 Toxicity
11.1 ToxicologicalInformation
fromILOICSC[2]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0850Thesubstancecanbeabsorbedintothebodybyinhalationofitsaerosol,throughtheskinandbyingestion.11.1.1 ExposureRoutes
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
Malemicewereadministered4Chlorophenol(4CP),1.5mmol/kgbodyweight,ip,andwerekilledat10,20,30and50minafterdruginjection.Eitheri.p.ororal4CPadministrationsignificantlyloweredtotalliverthiollevelsby2030%after30minand3hrrespectively.Thistimedependenteffectof4CPafteriptreatmentwasenhancedwhenmicewerepretreatedwithhepaticmicrosomalenzymeinducers(phenobarbital,40mg/kgbodyweight,b.i.d.,7daysandbetanaphthoflavone,80mg/kgbodyweightoncedaily,4days).Further,themicrosomalcytochromeP450inhibitor,SKF525A,75mg/kgbodyweightinjectedi.p.tomice30minpriorto4CPadministration,blockedthereductionofliverthiolcontentproducedby4CP.Theresultssuggestthatachemicallyreactiveintermediateof4CPmaybeformedinliverwhichisresponsiblefortheobserveddecreaseinliverthiolcontent.Otherinvestigationsweredonetocharacterizetheinvitroirreversiblebindingof[14C]4CP.[14C]4CPwasboundirreversiblytomouselivermicrosomalproteinsinaconcentrationdependentmanner.BindingwasNADPHdependentandgaveamaximalbindingof12.0nmol/mgprotein/20minandanapparentbindingconstantof0.222mM.[14C]Bindingof4CPwasincreasedby155and127%inlivermicrosomesofphenobarbitalandbetanaphthoflavone.SKF525A,andCO:O2(4:1,v/v)]andselectednucleophiliccompounds(glutathione,LcysteineorLlysine)significantlyreduced[14C]4CPbindingtomouselivermicrosomes.Anepoxidehydrolaseinhibitor,cyclohexeneoxide,didnotaltertheextentofirreversiblebinding,whereasscavengersofsuperoxideanionsoragentsthatarereportedtoreduceaccumulationofactivesemiquinoneandquinonespecies(Lascorbicacid,superoxidedismutaseorepinephrine)decreasedthebindingof[14C]4CPtomouselivermicrosomalproteinsby56,31and92%respectively...Abstract:PubMed
PhornchirasilpSetalBiochemPharmacol38(6):96172(1989)
11.1.2 Interactions
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
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Immediatefirstaid:Ensurethatadequatedecontaminationhasbeencarriedout.Ifpatientisnotbreathing,startartificialrespiration,preferablywithademandvalveresuscitator,bagvalvemaskdevice,orpocketmask,astrained.PerformCPRasnecessary.Immediatelyflushcontaminatedeyeswithgentlyflowingwater.Donotinducevomiting.Ifvomitingoccurs,leanpatientforwardorplaceonleftside(headdownposition,ifpossible)tomaintainanopenairwayandpreventaspiration.Keeppatientquietandmaintainnormalbodytemperature.Obtainmedicalattention./Phenolsandrelatedcompounds/
Currance,P.L.Clements,B.,Bronstein,A.C.(Eds).EmergencyCareForHazardousMaterialsExposure.3Rdedition,ElsevierMosby,St.Louis,MO2005,p.277
Basictreatment:Establishapatentairway(oropharyngealornasopharyngealairway,ifneeded).Suctionifnecessary.Watchforsignsofrespiratoryinsufficiencyandassistventilationsifnecessary.Administeroxygenbynonrebreathermaskat10to15L/min.Monitorforpulmonaryedemaandtreatifnecessary....Monitorforshockandtreatifnecessary....Anticipateseizuresandtreatifnecessary....Foreyecontamination,flusheyesimmediatelywithwater.Irrigateeacheyecontinuouslywith0.9%saline(NS)duringtransport....Administeractivatedcharcoal....Donotuseemetics.Coverskinburnswithdry,steriledressingsafterdecontamination....Maintainbodytemperature./Phenolsandrelatedcompounds/
Currance,P.L.Clements,B.,Bronstein,A.C.(Eds).EmergencyCareForHazardousMaterialsExposure.3Rdedition,ElsevierMosby,St.Louis,MO2005,p.277
11.1.3 AntidoteandEmergencyTreatment
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Advancedtreatment:Considerorotrachealornasotrachealintubationforairwaycontrolinthepatientwhoisunconscious,hasseverepulmonaryedema,orisinsevererespiratorydistress.Positivepressureventilationtechniqueswithabagvalvemaskdevicemaybebeneficial.Considerdrugtherapyforpulmonaryedema....Monitorcardiacrhythmandtreatarrhythmiasifnecessary....StartIVadministrationofD5W/SRP:"Tokeepopen",minimalflowrate/.Use0.9%saline(NS)orlactatedRinger's(LR)ifsignsofhypovolemiaarepresent.Forhypotensionwithsignsofhypovolemia,administerfluidcautiously.Considervasopressorsifpatientishypotensivewithanormalfluidvolume.Watchforsignsoffluidoverload....Administer1%solutionmethyleneblueifpatientissymptomaticwithseverehypoxia,cyanosis,andcardiaccompromisenotrespondingtooxygen.DIRECTPHYSICIANORDERONLY...Treatseizureswithdiazepamorlorazepam....Useproparacainehydrochloridetoassisteyeirrigation..../Phenolsandrelatedcompounds/
Currance,P.L.Clements,B.,Bronstein,A.C.(Eds).EmergencyCareForHazardousMaterialsExposure.3Rdedition,ElsevierMosby,St.Louis,MO2005,p.277
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
/SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS/...Whenundiluted,itwhitens&cauterizestheskin&mucousmembranes...Osol,A.andJ.E.Hoover,etal.(eds.).Remington'sPharmaceuticalSciences.15thed.Easton,Pennsylvania:MackPublishingCo.,1975.,p.1097
/SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS/1.Burningpaininmouthandthroat.Whitenecroticlesionsinmouth,esophagusandstomach.Abdominalpain,vomiting...andbloodydiarrhea.2.Pallor,sweating,weakness,headache,dizziness,tinnitus.3.Shock:Weakirregularpulse,hypotension,shallowrespirations,cyanosis,pallor,andaprofoundfallinbodytemperature.4.Possiblyfleetingexcitementandconfusion,followedbyunconsciousness...5.Stentorousbreathing,mucousrales,rhonchi,frothingatnoseandmouth,andothersignsofpulmonaryedemaaresometimesseen.Characteristicodorofphenolonthebreath.6.Scanty,darkcolored...urine...moderatelysevererenalinsufficiencymayappear.7.Methemoglobinemia,Heinzbodyhemolyticanemiaandhyperbilirubinemiahavebeenreported...8.Deathfromrespiratory,circulatoryorcardiacfailure.9.Ifspilledonskin,painisfollowedpromptlybynumbness.Theskinbecomesblanched,andadryopaqueescharformsovertheburn.Whentheescharsloughsoff,abrownstainremains./Phenol/
Gosselin,R.E.,R.P.Smith,H.C.Hodge.ClinicalToxicologyofCommercialProducts.5thed.Baltimore:WilliamsandWilkins,1984.,p.II192
/GENOTOXICITY/...Thepurposeofthepresentstudywastoevaluatethegenotoxiceffectsofantimicrobialendodonticcompoundsinhumanperipherallymphocytesbysinglecellgel(comet)assay....Atotalof10uLofthetestedsubstancesolution(formocresol,paramonochlorophenol,andcalciumhydroxideat100ug/mLconcentration)wasaddedtohumanperipherallymphocytesfrom10volunteersfor1hourat37degreesC.Thenegativecontrolgroupwastreatedwithvehiclecontrol(PBS)for1hourat37degreesC,aswell.Forthepositivecontrolgroup,lymphocyteswereexposedtohydrogenperoxideat100uMduring5minutesonice....NoDNAbreakagewasdetectedafteratreatmentofperipherallymphocytesbyformocresol,paramonochlorophenol,orcalciumhydroxideat100ug/mL...Abstract:PubMed
DaSilvaGNetalOralSurgOralMedOralPatholOralRadiolEndod104(2):e5861(2007)
/ALTERNATIVEandINVITROTESTS/...Theaimofthisstudywastoexaminepossible4monochlorophenol(4MCP)toxicityrelatedtometabolicpathways,whichmayimplicatesemiquinonesandreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS),inhumanHepG2cells.Theeffectsof4MCPwereperformedthroughcytotoxicityassays(viability,ATPlevel),metabolicactivities(4MCPintracellularconcentration,NADPHcytochromeP450reductase(CytP450red.)andglutathioneStransferaseactivities,CYP3A7mRNAexpression)andoxidativestress(superoxidedismutase,catalase,glutathioneperoxidaseandglutathionereductaseactivities,glutathionestatus,malondialdehydeconcentration,CYP2E1mRNAexpression)....HepG2cellswereincubatedinthecontinuouspresenceof4MCPat350uMover24or48hr.ResultsshowedstatisticallysignificantdecreasesinATPlevels(24or48hr,P
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
oxidativestressconditionsinHepG2cells.Abstract:PubMedTruffinDetalJApplToxicol23(2):10914(2003)
/OTHERTOXICITYINFORMATION/4chlorophenolwasshowntopermeatetheskin....Itproducesdamageatathresholdconcnof0.75%(w/v).
USEPAAmbientWaterQualityCriteriaDoc:ChlorinatedPhenolsp.C9(1980)EPA440/580032
/OTHERTOXICITYINFORMATION/Itisamorepotentantisepticthanphenol,butthetoxicityandcausticactionsarealsogreater.
Gilman,A.G.,L.S.Goodman,andA.Gilman.(eds.).GoodmanandGilman'sThePharmacologicalBasisofTherapeutics.7thed.NewYork:MacmillanPublishingCo.,Inc.,1985.,p.970
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/Inratsoral,subcutaneous,andintraperitoneallethaldosesofthechlorophenolsproducesimilarsignsofpoisoning.Oraladministration,however,resultsinfatalpoisoninginsmallerdosageandinashorterperiodoftimethanscadministration./Chlorophenols/
Clayton,G.D.,F.E.Clayton(eds.)Patty'sIndustrialHygieneandToxicology.Volumes2A,2B,2C,2D,2E,2F:Toxicology.4thed.NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&SonsInc.,19931994.,p.1613
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/Theresultsofanimalstudiesindicatethatmonochlorophenolsarecorrosivetoepithelialtissue.Severeeffectshavebeenreportedatexposurelevelsof2422,000mg/kgof2CPor4CPapplieddirectlytorabbitskin.Corrosion(notfurtherdescribed)istypicallyaccompaniedbyothersignsofsevereskininjury,includingerythema,edema,anddiscoloration.Asingledermalapplicationofalowerdose(100mg/kg)of4CPtooneearofamousedidnotincreaseearweightrelativetotheuntreatedear.
U.S.DeptHealth&HumanServices/AgencyforToxicSubstances&DiseaseRegistryToxicologicalProfileforChlorophenolsPB/99/166639p.71(July1999).Availablefrom,asofOctober28,2008:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html#
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/Monochlorophenolsproduceeffectsrangingfromslighthyperemiatoseverecorrosionwhenappliedtothecorneasofrabbits.Rabbitsadministered0.6mg/kg4CP(a1%solution)showedslighthyperemia.At1.2mg/kg,rabbitshadmoreseverehyperemiawithedematousswelling,cornealcloudiness,andexudation.Themaximumresponseoccurred5hoursafterapplication.Inflammationwasnolongerapparentat96hours.
U.S.DeptHealth&HumanServices/AgencyforToxicSubstances&DiseaseRegistryToxicologicalProfileforChlorophenolsPB/99/166639p.72(July1999).Availablefrom,asofOctober28,2008:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html#
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/Inmostacuteanimalstudiesinvolving2CP,4CP,4DCPexposure,acommonsyndromeofeffectsprecedesdeath.Thissyndromeincludesrestlessness,tremors,convulsions,dyspneaand/ortachypnea,andcollapseorcoma.Inmanyofthesestudies,themajoreffectsassociatedwithexposuretohighdosesofmanyphenoliccompoundsaremyoclonicconvulsions,orspasmodictwitchingofagroupofmuscles.
U.S.DeptHealth&HumanServices/AgencyforToxicSubstances&DiseaseRegistryToxicologicalProfileforChlorophenolsPB/99/166639p.60(July1999).Availablefrom,asofOctober28,2008:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html#
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/Asingleoraldoseof514mg/kg4CPproducedseizuresimmediatelyfollowedbydeathinmaleICRmice.
U.S.DeptHealth&HumanServices/AgencyforToxicSubstances&DiseaseRegistryToxicologicalProfileforChlorophenolsPB/99/166639p.61(July1999).Availablefrom,asofOctober28,2008:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html#
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/...Applieddermallycausesskinirritationandnecrosisinrabbits,rats,andguineapigs,...exposurecanresultinconvulsiveseizures/whichcanbeinducedbypain/.
USEPAAmbientWaterQualityCriteriaDoc:ChlorinatedPhenolsp.C10(1980)EPA440/580032
11.1.5 NonHumanToxicityExcerpts
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fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106489
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/Catssurvivedfourdose