4-7.envpsych.10
TRANSCRIPT
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IAED 410Environmental
PsychologyAsst.Prof.Dr. Deniz Hasırcı
Spring 00!"010
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Three Orders in Looking at the Environment
- Three Orders
- Perception- Gestalt
- Cognition
- Cognitive maps
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Three Orders in Looking at the Environment
• Let’s be botanists.
• Not florists categori!e according to color" fragrance.
• Not farmers rank according to marketabilit#.
• Th$s Three Orders
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%. P&'()C*L O+,E+ O+/0
1. TE++)TO+)*L O+,E+ PL*CE0
2. C3LT3+*L O+,E+ 3N,E+(T*N,)NG0
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Environmental Perception and Cognition
%. Environmental Perception
• Gestalt
1. Environmental Cognitionoperational0
• Cognitive /aps
• 4a#finding
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• Process for gathering information abo$t the 5orld so$rce of
affective responses0.
O67ECT PE+CEPT)ON
• (imple stim$li
– 6rightness
– Color
– ,epth
– Percept$al constanc#
– orm
– /ovement
%. Environmental Perception
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8Perception-in-action9
• Perceiver is part of the scene.
• /oving involves m$ltiple perspectives.
• Perceiver is connected b# clear goal.
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Gestalt Ps#cholog#
• The 5hole is more than the s$m of its parts.
• La5s of organi!ation ho5 the brain operates0
• Gestalt 8form9" 8$nified 5hole9" 8config$ration9.
• Gestalt ps#chologists developed five la5s that
govern h$man perception
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%. La5 of Pro:imit#
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1. La5 of (imilarit#
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2. La5 of Good Contin$ation
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;. La5 of Clos$re
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>. La5 of ig$re?Gro$nd
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• The process of tho$ght that leads to kno5ing
– The ps#chological res$lt of perception" learning" recogni!ing"
reasoning.
– +efers to the mental f$nctions and processes tho$ghts0.
– &o5 5e ac@$ire" store" organi!e" recall information abo$tlocations" distances" and arrangements in spaces.
• http??555.vimeo.com?;A;%B2
• http??vimeo.com?1B;;1<
1. Environmental Cognition
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4hat is #o$r 8image of the cit#9D
• &o5 might o$r $nderstanding of ho5 people develop mental
images of the environment help $s design spaces better fitted
to $sers’ needsD
• Environmental cognition can contrib$te to practical
environmental design.
evin L#nch’s )mage of the Cit#
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4h# Legibilit#D
• *ids navigation
• G$ides social interaction• Prevents feeling lost
• &elps make the environment feel like 8home9
• (ome environments are more legible than others
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eat$res of Cognitive /aps
• L#nch %F>A0 – ive important elements of legibilit#0 in mental maps ofcities
• Path distinctive thread that gives direction.• Edge the bo$ndar# bet5een t5o areas.
• Node important path5a#s come together" activit#.
• ,istrict medi$m?large area 5ith a common identit#.
• Landmark reference point that stands o$t d$e to
shape" height" color" or historic importance.
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• Path
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• E#ge
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• $o#e
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• District
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• %an#mar&
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• (ee #o$ ne:t 5eekH
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L*(T 4EE
Environmental Perception and Cognition
%. Environmental Perception
• Gestalt
1. Environmental Cognition
operational0
• Cognitive /aps
• Legibilit#
• 4a#finding
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4a#finding• 4a#finding an internal ps#chological process" se@$ence
of problem-solving activities.
• The process b# 5hich 5e navigate in o$r environment.
• Ne5comers to an environment e:perience the stressf$l
feeling of being lost learned process.
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• Effects of (ignage and loor Plan Config$ration on 4a#finding *cc$rac# IEnvironment and6ehavior" Jol. 12" No. 1M decrease inbacktracking across the five settings. &o5ever" plan config$ration 5as fo$nd to e:ert a significantinfl$ence regardless of signage" beca$se the 5a#finding performance of participants 5ith access tosignage in the most comple: settings remained e@$ivalent to" or significantl# poorer than" those in thesimplest settings 5ith no signage.
» E,+*" )NO+/*4O+L," ,E()GN (&*+E" N(C3-3,
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%. Perceiving Config$rations
• Live Config$rations
• Control vs. O5nership
• Control Games
• Overlap of orm and Territor#
1. 6asic Theories of Environment and 6ehavior
T&)( 4EE
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• ,oes control mean o5nershipD
– 6orro5ed f$rnit$re" e@$ipment" spacesD
• Environmental game
– 4atch the game
– Observe live config$rations
– ,ed$ce r$les
– Not to ask agents 5hat" b$t 5h# and ho5.
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• P$blic (paces Overlap of orm and Territor#
• /anip$lation of p$blic space
• Claiming territor# thro$gh $se of space
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• aha &adid 6$rnham Pavilion" Chicago
• http??vimeo.com?>F2F>
• http??vimeo.com?>F21F1
Ethics'(al)es an# Attit)#es
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Ethics'(al)es
Attit)#es
*ehavior
Environmental Effects
Ethics'(al)es an# Attit)#es
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9aplan an# 9aplan Preference 8o#el
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1. oherence- ma&ing sense an )n#erstan#a2leconte3t
. %egi2ility- the promise of ma&ing sense for theperson
5. omple3ity- involvement6 n)m2er an# variety of
elements 7ithin a scene4. 8ystery- the promise of involvement
9aplan an# 9aplan Preference 8o#el
: ,emem2er %ynch;s Spatial Descriptors
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1. oherence- ease of organizing an# str)ct)ring parts6)nits6 ch)n&s6 2loc&s or scene elements.
•
Patterns that res)lt from many similar an# repeatingparts allo7 for easier h)man comprehensionsimilarity'pro3imity.
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. %egi2ility- is fo)n# in an environment that loo&s as ifone co)l# e3plore e3tensively 7itho)t getting lost.
• +n#ierentiate# sameness ca)ses lo7 legi2ility.
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5. omple3ity- a re=ection of 7hether there is eno)ghpresent in the scene to &eep one mentally occ)pie#.
• >oo little is 2oring6 too m)ch is over7helming.
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4. 8ystery- occ)rs 7hen a scene provi#es partialinformation a2o)t 7hat lies ahea#6 invitinge3ploration.
• >hings are o2sc)re# in s)ch a 7ay as to reveal theirpresence 2)t not their f)ll i#entity.
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• See you next week!