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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

PT JOB Pertamina - Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi (JOB Pertamina - Medco) plans

to implement gas field development in Senoro and gas transmission through

transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom. The gas will be used for various

industrial needs which to be developed in this area, such as LNG and ammonia

industries, while the condensate as the by-product, will be sent to the collection and

shipping (jetty) sites to be sent to buyers outside the production area.

Field development and gas pipe installation will require a maximum total area of ±

232 Ha. Field development activities consist of drilling of development wells,

construction of production facilities and processing stations, and installation of pipes

for gas and condensate transmission. Gas and condensate production plan from

this field will be, respectively, + 240 MMSCFD (Million Standard Cubic Feet per day)

and + 10,000 BCPD (Condensate Barrels Per Day). Gas field development and gas

and condensate pipeline are expected to cause significant impacts on some

environmental components.

For the above mentioned activities, JOB Pertamina – Medco shall prepare

Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) Study. This is consistent with the

commitment to carry out environmental protection in every activity. In addition, this

study is related to Law No. 23 of 1997 on Environmental Management, Government

Regulation No. 27 of 1999 on Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), and

Decree of Environment Minister No. 17 of 2001 on Type of Business or Activity

which Requires AMDAL.

ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 1

Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medce E & P Tomori Sulawesi


The results of this AMDAL study are basically in the form of information about

various activity components estimated to produce significant impacts (negative or

positive), environmental feasibility assessment of the activity plan and alternative

environmental management and monitoring plans to be performed.

1.1.1 Regulations and Laws

Regulations and laws that serve as the bases for Environmental Impact

Assessment study which will be used as reference in Senoro gas field

development and Senoro – Kintom gas pipeline.

a. Laws

• Law No. 5 year 1960 on Basic Regulations of Land Use;

• Law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Bio-Natural Resources

and Their Ecosystems;

• Law No. 21 of 1992 on Sailing;

• Law No. 23 of 1992 on Health;

• Law No 14 of 1992 on Land Transportation Traffic;

• Law no. 24 year 1992 on Spatial Planning;

• Law No. 23 of 1997 on Environmental Management;

• Law No. 41 of 1999 on Forestry;

• Law No. 38 of 2000 concerning Road;

• Law No. 22 of 2001 on Oil and Gas;

• Law No. 65 of 2001 on Regional Taxes




• Law No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources;

• Law no. 32 of 2004 on Regional Government;

• Law no. 33 of 2004 on Fiscal Balance of Central and Regional

Governments;

• Law No. 31 of 2005 on Fisheries.

b. Government Regulations (PP)

• PP No. 19 year 1973 concerning Work Regulation and Safety in

Mining;

• PP No. 11 of 1979 on Natural Oil and Gas Mining;

• PP No. 41 of 1993 on Road Transportation;

• PP No. 43 of 1993 on Road Infrastructure and Traffic;

• PP No. 69 of 1996 on the Implementation of Rights and

Obligations, and Form of and Procedures for Public

Participation in Spatial Planning;

• PP No. 47 of 1997 on National Spatial Plan;

• PP No. 62 year 1998 concerning the Handing Over of Some

Government Affairs in Forestry Sector to the Regional

Governments;

• PP No. 68 year 1998 concerning Natural Conservation and

Preservation Areas;

• PP No. 18 in conjunction with No 85 of 1999 on Management of

Toxic and Hazardous Waste;




• PP No 19 of 1999 on Marine Pollution and or Destruction

Control;

• PP No. 27 of 1999 on Environmental Impact Assessment;

• PP No. 41 of 1999 on Air Pollution Control;

• PP No. 82 of 1999 on Transport in Waters;

• PP No. 25 year 2000 concerning Government Authority and

Provincial Authority as Autonomous Regions;

• PP No. 81 of 2000 on Navigation;

• PP No. 69 of 2001 on Port Affairs;

• PP No. 74 of 2001 on Management of Toxic and Hazardous

Materials;

• PP No. 82 of 2001 on Water Quality Management and Water

Pollution Control;

• PP No. 34 of 2002 concerning Forest Management, Forest Area

Management, Utilization and Use Planning;

• PP No. 51 of 2002 on Shipping;

• PP RI No 67 of 2002 concerning Fuel Provision and Distribution

Regulating Agency and business activity of natural gas

transportation through pipes;

• PP No 36 of 2004 on Natural Oil and Gas Downstream Business

Activities.




c. Presidential Decrees / Regulations

• Presidential Decree No. 32 of 1009 on the Management of

Protected Areas; Presidential Regulation No. 36 of 2004 on

Land Procurement for Public Interest;

• Presidential Decree No. 86 of 2002 on the Establishment of Fuel

Provision and Distribution Regulating Agency and business

activity of natural gas transportation through pipes

• Decree of Energy and Mineral Resources Minister No.

K/MEM/2000 1454 on Technical Guidelines for the

Implementation of Government's Duties in Natural Oil and Gas.

d. Ministerial Decrees / Regulations

• Decree of Mining Minister No. 04P/MPE/1973 on Pollution

Prevention in Waters;

• Decree of Transportation Minister No. KM.215/AL/506/Phb-87

on the Procurement of Ship Waste Storage Facility;

• Decree of Transportation Minister No. 23 of 1990 on Salvage

Business and or Underwater Work;

• Regulation of Health Minister No. 416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990 on

Water Quality Monitoring Requirements;




• Decree of Environment Minister No. 30 of 1992 concerning

Scoping Guidelines for the Preparation of Terms of Reference

of Environmental Impact Analysis;

• Decree of Environment Minister No. Kep-35/MENLH/10/1993 on

Motor Vehicle Exhaust Gas Emission Threshold;

• Decree of Transportation Minister No. 63 of 1993 on the

Roadworthy Threshold Requirements for Motor Vehicles, Tow

Trains, Patched Trains, Body and Load Box, and Its

Components;

• Decree of Transportation Minister No. 67 Year 1993 on the

Implementation of Goods Transportation on the Road;

• Decree of Transportation Minister No. 69 of 1993 concerning

Procedures for Motor Vehicle Technical and Roadworthy

Inspection;

• Decree of Mining and Energy Minister No.

103.K/088/M/PE/1994 on the Supervision of Environmental

Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan in Mining

and Energy;

• Decree of Environment State Minister No. 42/MENLH/10/1996

on Liquid Waste Quality Standard for Natural Oil and Gas and

Geothermal Activities;


on Odor Level Quality Standard;


on Noise Level Quality Standard; ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 6



• Decree of Mining and Energy No. 300.K/38/M.PE/1997 on

Safety of Natural Oil and Gas Transmission Pipe;

• Decree of Transportation Minister No. KM 27 Year 1998

regarding Management of Special Port;

• Decree of Forestry and Plantation No. 398/Kpts-II/1998 on the

Appointment of Bangkiriang Forest Area Located in Banggai

Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, with a total area of +

12,500 ha. As Forest Area Functioning as Animal Conservation;

• Decree of Land Affairs Minister / Head of National Agency for

Land Affairs No. 21 of 1999 on the Land Acquisition Procedures

for Company Investment;

• Decree of Transportation Minister No. 17 of 2000 on Guidelines

for Handling Toxic and Hazardous Materials in shipping activity

in Indonesia;

• Decree of Energy and Mineral Resources Minister No.

1457/K/28/MEM/2000 regarding Technical Guidelines for

Environmental Management of Mining and Energy;

• Decree of Environment State Minister No. 17 of 2001 on Type of

Business Plan and / or Activity Requiring AMDAL;

• Decree of Environment State Minister No. 4 of 2001 on

Standard Criteria of Coral Reef Damage;

• Decree of Transportation Minister No. KM 55 of 2002 on the

Management of Special Port (PELSUS);




• Decrees of Transportation Minister No. KM 62 and KM 63 year

2002 on Management Organization of Port Administrator

(Adpel) and Port Office (Kanpel);

• Decree of Environment Minister No. 58 of 2002 regarding

Environmental Control Officer in the Province / Regency / City;

• Decree of Environment Minister No. 37 of 2003 on Surface

Water Quality Analysis and Surface Water Sampling Methods;

• Decree of Environment Minister No. 112 of 2003 regarding

Waste Water Quality Standard for Business and Domestic;

• Decree of Environment Minister No. 129 of 2003 on Emission

Quality Standard for Natural Oil and gas Business and / or

Activity;

• Decree of Environment Minister No. 141 of 2003 on Exhaust

Gas Emission Threshold for New Type Motor Vehicles and

Motor Vehicles which Are Being Produced;

• Decree of Environment Minister No. 142 of 2003 on Amendment

to Decree of Environment Minister No. 111 of 2003 on the

Guidelines on the Terms and Procedures for Analysis Licensing

and Guidelines for Waste Water Disposal into the Water or

Water Sources;

• Decree of Environment Minister No. 200 of 2004 on Standard

Criteria for the Identification of Seaweed Bed Damage;

• Decree of Environment Minister No 19 of 2004 on Guidelines for

the Management of Environmental Pollution and / or Destruction

Case Report; ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 8



• Decree of Environment Minister No. 49 of 2004 on Delegation of

Authority to Sign Decree on AMDAL Terms of Reference;

• Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 of 2004 on Sea Water

Quality Standard;

• Decree of Environment Minister No. 201 of 2004 on Standard

Criteria and Guidelines to Identify Mangrove Damage;

• Regulation of Transportation Minister No. KM.7 Year 2005 on

Sailing Navigation Supporting Facilities;

• Decree of Environment Minister No. 45 of 2005 concerning

Guidelines for the Preparation of the Implementation Report of

Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (RKL / RPL);

• Regulation of Forestry Minister No. P.14/Menhut-II/2006

Guidelines for Borrow-Use of Forest Area;

• Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources Minister No. 045 of

2006 on the Management of Drilling Mud, Mud Waste, and

Drilling Powder in Oil and Gas Drilling Activities.

e. Decree of the Head of Environmental Impact Management

Agency (Kepka BAPEDAL)

• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 56 of 1994 on Guidelines for the

Magnitude of Significant Impacts;




• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 68 of 1994 on Procedures for Obtaining

Permits to Store, Collect, Operate Treatment Equipment,

Process and Final Stockpile of Hazardous and Toxic Waste;

• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 1 of 1995 on Technical Procedures and

Requirements for the Storage and Collection of Hazardous and

Toxic Waste;

• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 2 of 1995 on Hazardous and Toxic Waste

Documents;

• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 3 of 1995 on Technical Requirements for

Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management;

• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 4 of 1995 on Requirement Procedures for

Stockpiling of Hazardous and Toxic Waste Processing Result,

Requirement Procedures for Ex Processing Site and Ex

Stockpiling Site of Hazardous and Toxic Waste;

• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 5 of 1995 on Symbols and Labels of

Hazardous and Toxic Waste;

• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 229 of 1996 on Technical Guidelines for

Social Specification Analysis in AMDAL Formulation;

• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 205 of 1996 concerning the Technical

Guidelines for Air Pollution Control from Immobile Resources;

• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 255 of 1996 on Procedures and

Requirements for Storage and Collection of Used Lubricating

Oil;

• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 124/12/1997 of Analysis Guidelines for

Public Health Aspect in AMDAL Formulation; ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 10



• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 08 of 2000 on Community Involvement

and Information Transparency in AMDAL Process;

• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 09 Year 2000 on Guidelines for AMDAL

Formulation;

• Kepka BAPEDAL No. 47 of 2001 on Guidelines for Measuring

the Condition of Coral Reef;

• Decree of the Director General of Land Transportation No.

SK.725/AJ.302/DRJD/2004 dated 30 April 2004 on Technical

Guidelines for the Implementation of Hazardous and Toxic

Material Transportation on the Road.

1.1.2 Government Policy on Environmentally Friendly Development and

Corporate Environmental Management

Basically government policy on environmentally friendly development

has taken into account environment preservation principles. Some

government policies in the form of laws and regulations related to oil

and gas upstream and downstream activities regulating natural

preservation principles, such as: (1) Law No. 23 of 1997 on

Environmental Management; (2) of Law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation

of Bio-Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems; and (3) Law No. 24 of

1992 on Spatial Planning. The policy was issued by the government

so that the development of energy and mineral resources sectors

would be environmentally sound.




Moreover, in more detailed scope, the government has set up

provisions related to AMDAL study, i.e. in-depth study paper of an

activity plan, and in a broader sense, the government has carried out

identification, prediction and evaluation of all forms of impacts created

by an activity plan to the environment, i.e. through Government

Regulation No. 27 of 1999 on Environmental Impact Assessment. With

regard to activities within the scope of the Department of Energy and

Mineral Resources, the government also regulates the implementation

of this AMDAL study, namely under the Decree of Mining and Energy

Minister No. 1457.K/28/MEM/2000 on Technical Guidelines for

Environmental Management in Mining and Energy.

Recognizing the roles and responsibilities in the sustainable national

and regional development, JOB Pertamina – Medco will:

• Comply with all applicable regulations in environmental

management, both nationally and regionally;

• Always refer to the Environmental Management Plan (RKL) and

Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) in conducting its activities.

1.1.3 Relation between Activity Plan and Potential Significant Impacts

a. Ambient air quality

Gas produced from the wells still contain relatively high H2S

namely about 600 ppm; besides that there is potential gas




emission from the CPF and piping operation so that decrease in

ambient air quality is estimated to take place during operation. To

reduce H2S emission into the air, gas process in CPF is equipped

with H2S catcher unit in the gas which is converted into solid

sulfur. H2S-containing gas emission into the air still smells and

toxic so that it will pollute the surrounding air around and have a

negative impact to the health of the surrounding people.

b. Water quality

Disturbance to water quality may occur during the construction

and operational phases. Water bodies used by the local people

during land clearing and drilling activities for the pipeline will be

polluted due to soil erosion carried into the water bodies which will

also create disturbance to aquatic biota. Disturbance to water

quality can also be caused by waste water produced into the

water bodies during operation.

c. Social process

Some problems are predicted to cause dissociative social

processes, such as the issue on land compensation value and

payment process, disturbance to traffic (road damage and traffic

accidents), noise and gas smell (H2S), community’s hope to

obtain job opportunity, erosion carried into the land and

disturbance to irrigation channels as well as layoff execution




during the post operational phase. These impacts can spread

widely, covering 3 (three) sub-districts and 16 villages.

d. Community’s Perception

All impacts caused by the project will lead to community’s

perception. The incurring perception can be positive and

negative. Recruitment of local workers can create positive

perception. Yet, it will create negative perception if local workers

are not involved or if there is disturbance to irrigation channel,

which causes turbidity to water used for bathing-washing-toileting,

and if it causes dust and noise.

1.2 Objectives and Benefits of Environmental Impact Analysis Study

1.2.1. Study Objectives

The objectives of this study are:

• To identify activity plan to be implemented starting from the pre-

construction, construction, operational and post operational

phases, particularly towards activity plan estimated to have

potential to create significant and major impacts to the

environment;

• To identify environmental baseline in projected activity sites,

especially those predicted to be imposed by major and significant




impacts during the pre-construction, construction, operational and

post operational phases;

• To estimate and evaluate the major and significant impacts

predicted to occur during the pre-construction, construction,

operational and post operational phases;

• To provide direction for environmental management to prevent,

anticipate and control significant negative impacts, and to develop

and increase positive impacts estimated to occur in accordance

with the capacity of the available resources (energy, time and

cost);

• To formulate environmental control system to be implemented

inside and outside the project site borders up to as far as impact

dispersion limit;

• To identify environmental monitoring efforts in the form of

observation, measuring, interview and analysis to be used as

inputs in the improvement of environmental management

performance.

1.2.2 Benefits of the Study

Benefits of this study are:

a. For Initiator

• To serve as input material in the finalization of activity plan

technical design; ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 15



• To assist in the decision making for environmental

management and monitoring planning and operational,

particularly in terms of prevention, control and mitigation of

significant negative impacts, as well as the development of

positive impacts estimated to incur due to activities to the

environment;

• To become input material regarding environmental issues to be

faced presently and in the future, in order to anticipate the

possibility of misunderstanding and conflict of interests;

• To serve as guidelines and directions to take part in

spearheading the success of environmental management

activities, including in the efforts to improve the welfare of the

surrounding communities.

b. For the Community

• To serve as source of information about activity plan,

environmental baseline condition, and impacts estimated to

incur to environmental components, so that the surrounding

community can anticipate and prepare themselves in utilizing

the opportunities and / or avoiding from the loss that may be

created by the activity plan;

• To become source of information to prevent

misunderstanding, to ensure legal certainty, and to ensure the

creation of a mutually beneficial relationship between the




ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medce E & P Tomori Sulawesi

17

initiator and the surrounding people in environmental

management related to the activity plan.

c. For the Government

• To serve as source of information in regional development

planning in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, to

prevent overlapping of activities so that sustainable

development can be implemented;

• To serve as guidelines in the attempt to carry out monitoring,

control and management planning of impacts estimated to

incur from the activities;

• To become input material in decision making regarding

environmental feasibility of the activity plan.


2. SCOPE OF STUDY

2.1 Analyzed Major and Significant Impacts

2.1.1 Activity Plan which Causes Impact

2.1.1.1 Pre-Construction Phase

Activity in this phase estimated to create impacts is land and

crops acquisition.

2.1.1.2 Construction Phase

Activities in this phase estimated to create impacts are:

* Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization;

* Land clearing and preparation;

* Construction of production facilities;

* Piping;

* Well drilling;

* Construction of special port.

2.1.1.3 Operational Phase


* Production process;

* Maintenance of production facilities;

* Delivery of gas and condensate;

ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


2.1.1.4 Post Operational Phase


* Well closure;

* Dismantling of facilities;

* Work relation termination.

2.1.2 Environmental Components Imposed by Impact

2.1.2.1 Geo-Physical-Chemical Component

a. Climate and Air Quality

According to climate classification by Schmidt and Ferguson,

the area of Banggai is included in Climate B type, with ratio

of average total dry months and average total wet Months

(Q) of 5, or included in relatively wet area. Rainfall data from

Bubung Luwuk Airport meteorological station show that wet

season lasts from March to July with rainfall volume ranges

from 115 mm in May to 169 mm in July. Dry season lasts

from August to February, with rainfall volume ranges from 41

mm in October to 85 mm in December.

ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping,

Average monthly temperature ranges from 25.9 °C in July to

28.5 °C in November. Study area is a coastal area so

relative humidity tends to be high. Average monthly humidity

ranges from 73% in October which coincides with dry

Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


season to 81% in June and July which coincide with wet

season.

b. Space and Land

Existing land use is around the area planned for the activities.

On the north side there is provincial road connecting Luwuk

and Baturube and its surrounding. Along the road there is a

community’s settlement, people’s fields / plantations, big

plantations, and oil and gas mining managed by PT

Pertamina. On the north west, there is Toili transmigration

area. In the surrounding of the development area there is

Bangkiriang Animal Conservation and on the south there is

Peleng Strait.

Location for for the nearest activity plan or directly related to

community’s settlement are:

* Production and CPF wells are located in Toili and Batui

Sub-districts, which consist of Slametharjo, Sinorang and

Bone Balantak Villages.

* Installation of CPF – Kintom gas channel in Batui and

Kintom Sub-districts, which consist of Sinorang, Bone

Balantak, Kayowa, Bakung, Sisipan, Tolando, Batui,



Bugis, Balantak, Lamo, Honbola, Musolang, Uso, Kalolos

and Tangkiang Villages.

* Installation of condensate laydown facility channel & jetty

in Nonong Village, Batui Sub-district. If jetty is located

around Cluster #4, the location will be in Bone Balantak

Village, Batui Sub-district.

The surrounding people of the activity plan area generally

live around the provincial road connecting Luwuk – Baturube.

People’s agricultural / plantation activities done by the

people’s surrouning the activity plan include seasonal crops,

such as field rice and secondary crops (palawija), fruit plants

in the yard, such as coconut, banana and mango, and

industrial plants, such as oil palm, cacao and coconut.

In lands far from settlement area, the crops planting pattern

is generally in the form of dry farming, started with cut and

burn, but tends to be non-movable. The land opening is

generally used for planting of dry-farming rice for as many as

two planting sessions, cacao and coconut. Cacao or

coconut which is no longer productive will be rehabilitated.

Other than cacao and coconut which are relatively dominant,

oil palm has started to be cultivated by some of the villagers

who own sufficient financial capital.



c. Topography and Soil Type

Topography in the study area generally consists of land

extending from the Southwest to the Northeast in the South

part of the study area with flat slope (0-3%) and hills and

mountains in the North part with rather steep slope (15-40%)

to very steep slope (>40%).

According to Puslittanak classification system (1983), soil in

the study area consists of Renzina, Litosol, Kambisol eutrik,

Aluvial eutrik, Grumusol, and Regosol. Renzina and Litosol

can be found in hilly and mountaianous area with very thin

layer (less than 20 cm) and sit immediately on the rocks

(prime). Kambisol eutrik can be found in slightly slopy area

or foothills to flat land with soil that has just grown

(horizonization is yet to grow clearly) with mild texture.

Aluvial eutrik is dominantly found in valley area with soil

layers settled at different times and with soft to rather coarse

texture. Grumusol spreads in flat area with grey soil color,

heavy clayey texture or very sticky when wet (wet season)

and cracked when dry (dry season). Regosol in the study

area can only be found in coastal area, namely in sandbank

beach, such as in Kampung Nonong.



d. Hydrology

In the study area there are several big rivers flowing

throughout the year, namely, in consecutive order from the

Northeast to the Southwest, Kintom, Tangkiang, Omolu,

Batui, Bakung, Kayoa / Matindok, Sinorang and Toili Rivers.

These rivers flow from the Northwest to their estuary in the

Southeast. In addition to those big rivers, there are also

small rivers which are the tributaries of big rivers or separate

rivers whose estuary is the sea, such as Bangkiriang River.

Only a few permanent swamps can be found, except for the

back swamp in Bangkiriang Animal Conservation.

The drainage system and field irrigation system in Batui and

Toili Sub-districts are well managed and well designed;

tertiary irrigation channels are even constructed according to

technical and semi-technical irrigation systems.

On the hills and mountains between Batui and Toili Sub-

districts there is ground water which is adequate with aquifer

depth estimated to be not too deep (shallow groundwater).

The form of that water resource is the huge carpet composed

of vast paddy field with technical irrigation on the land and

valley in those two Sub-districts.



e. Physiography, Geomorphology and Geology

e.1 Physiography and Geomorphology

Regionally the study area is located on the east arm of

Sulawesi whose mountains shape spans from the

Southwest to the Northeast in the same direction as its

arm, namely Batui Mountains in the Southwest part and

Balantak Mountains in Northeast part.

Physiographically, according to the report on the

revision of Regional Spatial Plan of Banggai Regency

2003 – 2013 (Regional Development Supervision

Agency of the Government of Banggai Regency, 2003),

the study area is divided into three, namely: 1) the North

part of Luwuk – Morowali main road has physiography

of hills – mountains span from the Southwest to the

Northeast and parallel with the road; 2) below the hills

there was alluvial land and connects to small part of

marine main land bordering directly with the beach; 3) in

several places, such as around the estuary of

Bangkiriang River, backswamp physiography can be

found.

Morphology in study area consists of slightly slopy with

altitude of 50 – 500 m above the sea level extending

from the Southwest to the Northeast, which is located in



the North part of Batui, namely around Tangkiang; this

morphology was formed by tertiary sediment rocks. In

the South and Southwest of Batui, the morphology is

dominated by land whose height is 0-50 m, formed by

quartery sediment, namely coastal alluvial sediment and

coral.

e.2 Rocks

Rocks in Banggai Regency consist of very old ones

from the Mesozoikum-aged ofiolit complex, Tertiary-

aged sediment rocks, lifted coral reef rocks, and

quartery-aged alluvial sediment.

Rocks found in the study area are entirely tertiary and

quartery sediment rocks.

e.3 Geological Structure

Vital geological structure in Banggai area comprises,

among others, fault, lipatan, kekar with size ranging

from the small (minor) to regional scale.

Faults found are sungkup, turun, mendatar, and

mendatar faults. The major faults are Toili, Batui and

Pasini Faults. Estimated incurrence is Mid-Miocene.



e.4 Lower Surface Geology

Block Senoro is part of normal fault and Anjak Fault

along the beach of Central Sulawesi arm. In general,

the geological structure of lower surface obtained from

the seismic data is located at the depth of – 1,000 m,

namely normal faults, horizontal faults facing North –

South, and anjak fault facing Southwest – Northeast.

Anjak fault is generally in the same direction lying along

Central Sulawesi arm and also in the same direction

with pipeline installation plan, while horizontal fault

generally cuts through the pipeline direction.

f. Hydrogeology

Availability of ground water is very much influenced by

various factors, such as morphology, litology, geological

structure, land use management and rainfall. Based on

those factors and according to the availability theory, ground

water in the study area can be classified into:

* Ground water Mandala for undulating hilly area;

* Ground water Mandala for land area.



g. Hydro-oceanography

Banggai Regency has coastal area facing Peleng Strait

waters which is connected to Tolo Bay waters. In line with

Senoro – Kintom Gas Field Development and Gas Piping

Project which uses several parts of the coastal area,

information on local hydro-oceanographic condition is really

necessary. Several information highly related to the activity

includes bathymetry, tides, current and wave.

2.1.2.1 Biological Component

a. Terrestrial Biota

a.1 Vegetation

Vegetation species in the study area consists of

secondary natural forest vegetation, cultivation

vegetation (field, mixed garden, dry farm, and yard),

and shrubs. These three vegetation species can be

found in the community’s settlement, Bangkiriang

Animal Conservation, and beach area. Field survey

outcome mentions that forest vegetation, shrubs, oil

palm, cacao and other vegetation species can still be

found in Bangkiriang Animal Conservation.



a.2 Wild Animals

Wild animal species richness, abundance and diversity

in the study area is very much dependent on vegetation

community type and habitat quality. Bangkiriang Animal

Conservation Forest is allocated for habitat of maleo

bird (Macrocephalon maleo).

b. Aquatic Biota

Several species of aquatic biota found in the sea waters

include small pelagic fish (selar, kembung, lemuru, sebelah,

lidah, teri, tembang, tiga waja, etc.), shrimp, crab, shell fish,

and snail; while in the fresh water (estuary) lundu fish is

found. The rather black sandy beach condition and clear

water indicate the possibility of other aquatic biota, such as

coral reef.

2.1.2.1 Social Component

Administratively, Senoro Gas Field and pipeline are included

in 3 (three) Sub-districts, namely Toili, Batui and Kintom, in

Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The activity

plan is estimated to create impacts to the people residing

around the gas field and pipeline, namely Slametharjo and



Toili Villages in Toili Sub-district; Sinorang, Bone Balantak,

Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Batalang, Lamo,

Honbola and Uso Villages in Batui Sub-district; and Kalolos

and Tangkiang Villages in Kintom Sub-district.

a. Demography

Based on Banggai data 2005, population in the study area is

25,414 people with total number of family is 6,405 heads of

households. Based on that number, the average family size

is 3.9 people / heads of households. Total study area is

1,035.12 km2, which means average population density is

25 people / km2.

Total population in the study area in 2001 was 19,923

people. In 2005 the number went up to 25,414 people.

Based on that number, the average population growth rate in

the study village for the period of 2001 – 2005 was 6.275% /

year.

Population of the study sub-district consists of 23,236

(28.8%) people of 0-14-year-old children, 51,898 (64.2%)

people of adult population (15-59 years old), and 5,674

(7.0%) people of elderly (>60 years old).



In terms of education, the people in the study Sub-district is

mostly Primary School graduates (74.8%), followed with

Junior High School graduates (12.2%) and Senior High

School graduates (7.5%), academy graduates (0.49%), and

bachelor’s degree (0.6%), and the remaining (4.5%) is not

formally educated. Education facility of primary level

(Primary School) is already available in all villages.

With regard to religion beheld by the people in the study

village, the statistics shows the majority is Islam (97.1%) and

the remaining consists of Christian, Hindu and Buddhist.

Worship facilities available are mosque, musholla (praying

house) and church.

With regard to manpower, there are 3,221 workers

registered as job seekers with education levels vary from

Primary School graduates to bachelor’s degree holders.

b. Social Economy

b.1 Domestic Economy

Livelihood of people in the study area is farming.

Agricultural activities conducted generally consist of wet

land farming (paddy field) and dry land farming. People

living along the coast, such as people of Saluan Village



(Moilong) and Nonong (Kampung Nonong Pantai), work

as fishermen.

Some people in the study area have double sources of

income, namely as farmers who also work as fishermen

or construction workers or motorbike taxi (ojek) riders.

b.2 Natural Resources Economy

Land resource use pattern around the project location is

mostly paddy field, people’s plantation (coconut, cacao,

oil palm) and private plantation (oil palm plantation

owned by PT Kurnia Luwuk Sejati). Lands in the study

villages are dominated by mixed crops and rice.

In rice field area, the farmers are familiar with semi-

modern farming, such as use of fertilizer and hand

tractor. This is supported by the irrigation and the

presence of transmigrants who have introduced more

advanced farming system. Transmigrants obtained

their lands through the provision from the government.

b.3 Local Economy

The villages in the study area are located very close to

land access road (Luwuk – Baturube asphalted road) as

public transportation line in advancing their regional



economy. Type of transportation available in the study

villages includes car, motorbike (ojek) and boat.

Several business opportunities incurring from the

company’s existence in the area surrounding the study

area are restaurants / food stores, and transportation

service.

b.4 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)

Sector that made the largest contribution to the Gross

Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Banggai

Regency in 2003 was agriculture (56.17%).

Contribution of mining and exploration sector was only

1.21%. The soon-to-be-operated Senoro Gas Field is

expected to increase the contribution made by mining

and exploration sector.

c. Social Culture

The indigenous ethnic groups in Banggai Regency are

Lo’inang (saluan) and Batui, while Bugis, Java and Sunda

ethnic groups are incoming people who have settled down

there since several years ago.

The presence of incoming people is warmly welcomed by

the indigenous people. This can be seen from the conflict



that cannot be found between the incoming people and the

indigenous people. Some of them have even become

families due to inter-ethnic group marriage. Helping each

other and friendliness can apparently be seen in their daily

lives.

Institutions growing in the community consist of formal and

non-formal ones. Formal institutions consist of village

apparatus, LKMD (Lembaga Ketahanan Masyarakat Desa =

Villager’s Tenacity Institution) and BPD (Badan

Perwakilan Desa = Village Parliament), while non-formal

ones consist of customary institutions (kepala adat at village

level and pemangku adat at sub-district level). Formal

institutions are responsible for governmental activities, while

customary leaders are responsible for customs and tradition

issues, such as village thanksgiving ceremony, village

cleaning ceremony (1 Muharram), religious celebration,

wedding ceremony, funeral procession, etc.

Social institutions found in Banggai Regency in general and

the sub-districts in study area in particular consist of religious,

education and social institutions. Those institutions were

established to meet various needs in managing community’s

life. These institutions establishes behavioral system, social

system and finally the existence of various changes in life

order, both individual and communal.



Public perception shows that 86.3% of people have

accepted (agreed on) the project with a hope of job

opportunity in the project and regional development; only

small part (3.8%) showed disagreement and the remaining

13.1% did not respond.

2.1.2.2 Public Health Component

a. Environmental Sanitation and Clean Water

Community’s clean water sources are dug wells or springs

on the hills. Judging from existing environmental condition,

environmental sanitation does not get sufficient attention

form the villagers. Bathing-Washing-Toileting facilities

partially use water from the rivers around them.

Environmental drainage is also not given attention so that it

creates water puddles. Special drainage for domestic waste

water and rain water in some parts cannot be found so that

water puddles are seen in yards.

2.1.3 Other Activities around the Activity Plant Site and Their Impacts

Other activities found in the surrounding area of the activity plan include

public cacao and coconut plantations and oil palm plantation owned by

PT Kurnia Luwuk Sejati. In addition to plantation activities, there are



also shrimp pond cultivation owned by PT Banggai Sentral Shrimp and

natural oil and gas mining activities managed by PT Pertamina.

For plantation area, some will be imposed by Senoro-Kintom gas

pipeline installation plan.

2.1.4 Aspects Analyzed in Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL)

Study

2.1.4.1 Identification of Hypothetically Significant Impacts

(Result of Scoping Process in Terms of Reference

Document)

Scoping process conducted during the formulation of ANDAL

Terms of Reference (TOR) has identified and decided on

hypothetically significant impacts to incur from the activities.

Those hypothetically significant impacts as a result of the

scoping process (Picture 2.1) are as follows:


1. Ambient Air Quality. Natural gas from the well

contains significantly high H2S, namely around 600

ppm, and emission potential form gas processing; gas

piping is estimated to reduce quality during operation.

Without proper environmental management to catch the

H2S gas in the form of solid sulphur, during operational

phase gas production at gas processing center will emit



H2S gas to the surrounding environment. H2S gas is

smelly and toxic gas, so that emission of this gas will

pollute the surrounding air and will create negative

impact to the surrounding people’s health.

2. Noise. During the operational phase there will be noise

from the compressor estimated to create impact to the

surrounding settlement areas.

3. Land Erosion. Land clearing / preparation during pipe

installation for as long as 40 km in very steep (hilly) land

around the project location and in land vulnerable to

erosion will be done by taking out all soil covering

vegetation which will create erosion.

4. Drainage and Irrigation Systems. Pipe installation will

disturb water channels in some irrigated farming areas.

5. Water Quality. Disturbance to water quality is possible

to incur during construction and operational phases.

During construction phase it will be because of erosion

during land clearing and pipeline digging. While during

operational phase, it will be due to produced water

disposal.

6. Wild Animals. Land clearing for pipe installation

passing through open land, shrubs and road is

estimated to disturb the presence of wild animals.



7. Aquatic Biota

Clearing / preparation of land passing through body of

waters will increase TSS concentration. Increase in

TSS in body of waters can affect biota, particularly

macrozoobenthos, also there is a possibility of endemic

fish around the location. .

8. Job Opportunity

Land clearing / preparation, facility construction, pipe

installation and expansion well drilling activities will

require relatively a lot of workers. Production operation

and facility maintenance activities require workers which

consist of skilled and unskilled workers, in relatively

small number and for as long as the production

operation activity takes place.

The impacts of the activity plan to job opportunity

component is the increase in people’s income,

particularly those whose family members work for the

activity, and decrease in unemployment rate.

7. Business Opportunity

Facility construction and pipe installation activities are

estimated to create relatively a lot of business

opportunities so that people’s income can be improved



and new income sources can be created. Production

process activity provides business opportunities, such

as restaurants and transportation service to facilitate the

needs of production employees. Although the number

is not significant, it will last while the company still

operates.

10. Accessibility

Land clearing, particularly operation road and pipe

ROW construction, is estimated to increase

community’s accessibility which will last while the

project lasts until post operational phase. Community’s

economic activity grows due to easy accessibility to

farm areas and economic centers. The constructed

road and pipe ROW will continuously be utilized by the

community.

11. Regional Revenue

Gas field development will give contribution to regional

income. Various company’s obligations will increase

regional income share as oil and gas producer. This

regional income will be used to develop Banggai

Regency and will last while the company operates.

Local economy grows due to the double effects of

increasing money circulation (salary, company



expenditure, and land compensation payment). In

addition, the emerging of various companies that utilize

gas, such as LNG and methanol mini plants will also

increase local economic activities.

12. Social Process

Land and crops acquisition activity is estimated to

create dissociative social process due to, among others:

a. No agreement that has been reached and

penyimpangan in compensation provision process;

b. Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization

activities which cause road damage and traffic

accident;

c. Noise and gas (H2S) smell from production

operation activity;

d. Local people’s not getting any job opportunities in

operational activity plan.

Total area of impact dispersion is relatively vast, namely

consisting of 3 (three) sub-districts and 16 villages.

13. Public Attitude and Perception

Public attitude and perception towards the activity plan

can be negative and positive, such as:



a. Land and crops acquisition is undertaken through

amicable discussion to reach an agreement;

b. Local people are given the job opportunity in the

activity plan;

c. Noise, smell and dust incurring from the activity

plan can disturb local people’s comfort and health;

d. Disturbance to irrigation and turbidity in the rivers

due to the implementation of activity plan will

disturb farm irrigation system and the basic needs

of the local people.

2.1.4.2 Aspects Analyzed in ANDAL Study

Aspects analyzed in ANDAL study are based on the activity

phases, namely:

• Pre-construction Phase : Social Process and Public

Attitude and Perception;

• Construction Phase : Land Erosion, Drainage and

Irrigation Systems, Fresh and Sea Water Quality, Wild

Animals, Aquatic Biota, Job Opportunity, Business

Opportunity, Accessibility, Social Process, and Public




• Operational Phase : Ambient Air Quality, Noise, Fresh

and Sea Water Quality, Aquatic (Fresh Water and Sea)

Biota, Terrestrial Biota, Job Opportunity, Business

Opportunity, Regional Revenue, Social Process, and

Public Attitude and Perception;

• Post Operational Phase : Accessibility, and Public


2.2 Scope of Study

2.2.1 Activity Borders

Project site border is the space where a business and / or activity plan

will take place starting from the pre-construction, construction,

operational until post operational phases. Identification of project

borders is based on the activity plan of Senoro gas field development

and Senoro – Kintom gas piping. These activities require land for

alternative #1 a total of ± 220 ha and 230 ha for alternative #2. Those

lands are for project site, production facility, shipping jetty facility, and

ROW. Pipe ROW will be built for as long as ± 40 km with width of 25 m

from CPF to Kintom. This activity will be in Toili, Batui and Kintom

Sub-districts, Banggai Regency.



2.2.2 Ecological Borders

In this study, ecological borders comprise gas field and pipeline

locations and area outside the activity estimated to become impact

dispersion areas. Those areas consist of wet land (paddy field),

plantation, irrigation, and community’s settlement areas.

Impact dispersion heading for the sea takes into account the following:

• Soil topography; waste movement tends to head for the sea, so

waste transportation can extend to the direction of the sea rather

than to the direction of the main land;

• Waste movement in the sea, especially beach, which is very much

influenced by tidal oscillation which always approaches and

disapproaches the beach at certain time interval, so it will hamper

vast dispersion;

• Evaluation on various cases in other places indicate that waste

dispersion at the time the concentration drastically drops which

incurs within 1 – 1.5 km and 3 km is considered nearly normal and

this 3-km border from the beach becomes the base of ecological

borders in sea territory.

• Dust dispersion is estimated to reach as far as 100 m to the left and

right of the pipe. Dispersion through water is estimated to be not

more than 1 km to the downstream from the water channel which

will be cut by open cut method, particularly irrigation channel and



small river along the projected pipeline. Dust dispersion incurs

when the soil stockpile, as a result land digging for pipe placement,

is blown by the wind. Dispersion through water flow incurs when

pipe installation through open cut method cuts through the water

channel.

Noise dispersion and air quality due to heavy equipment operation are

estimated to be not as far as the dust and water flow, particularly

because the project location is mostly outside the provincial road which

is far from community’s settlement.

2.2.3 Social Borders

Social border is the space around the activity plan which is a place for

various social activities to take place, which contain certain fixed norms

and values (social structure), according to community group’s

dynamics likely to be influenced by Senoro Gas Pipe

Development and Senoro – Kintom Gas Piping activities. Villages that

become social borders are presented in Table 2.1.



Table 2.1 Villages That Become Social Borders of Gas Field Development

Activities

Sub-district Village Social Border Justification Slametharjo * Land acquisition for pipeline and gas field;

* Construction material & equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to rice field drainage.

Toili * Land acquisition for pipeline and gas field; * Construction material & equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to rice field drainage.

Toili

Saluan (Moilong) * Land acquisition for pipeline and gas field; * Construction material & equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to rice field drainage.

Sinorang * Land acquisition for pipeline, gas field & production facility; * Construction material & equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to rice field drainage.

Bonebalantak * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Disturbance to rice field drainage; * Disturbance to river water for bathing-washing-toileting.

Masing * Land acquisition for pipeline. Nonong * Land acquisition for pipeline and jetty;

* Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to rice field drainage.

Sisipan * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Disturbance to rice field drainage.

Tolando * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Disturbance to rice field drainage.

Batalang * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization.

Lamo * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization.

Honbola * Land acquisition for pipeline.

Batui

Uso * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to river water for bathing – washing – toileting..

Kalolos * Land acquisition for pipeline. Tangkiang * Land acquisition for pipeline.

Kintom

Padang * Land acquisition for pipeline.




2.2.3 Administrative Borders

Administrative border is administrative territory of villages where project

activities take place, as presented in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2 Villages That Become Administrative Borders of Gas Field

Development Activities

Sub-district Villages Toili Slametharjo Toili Saluang (Moilong) Batui Sinorang Bonebalantak Masing Kayowa Nonong Sisipan Tolando Bugis Batalang Lamo Honbola Uso Kintom Kalolos Tangkiang Padang

2.2.3 Study Area Borders

Study area borders are the unity of the above four borders, as

presented in Picture 2.2.


3. METHOD OF STUDY

3.1 Data Collection and Analysis Methods

3.1.1 Data Collection Method

Briefly, parameters, methods and tools used in the study are presented

in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 Environmental Components / Parameters, Data Collection

Methods and Location

No. Environmental Component

Parameter Data Method / Source Tool Location

1. Climate Rainfall Temperature Relative Humidity Wind

Tabulation / diagram Tabulation / diagram Tabulation / diagram Wind rose

- - - -

Bubung Luwuk / Toili Climatology Station

2. Air Quality SO2 NO2 H2S Hydrocarbon PM10 Dust (TSP) Noise

Pararosaniline Saltzman Mercurythiocyanate Flame Ionization Gravimetric Gravimetric Direct Reading

Spectrophotometer GG Dust Sampler Sound Level Meter

Around pipeline between Senoro 4 and Senoro 2, Nonong Village, Tangkiang Village (Picture 3.1).

Altitude Direct Measuring Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia Bakosurtanal

GPS

Topography Observation Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia Bakosurtanal

Visual

3. Physiography and Morphology

Land Inclinity and Slope Length

Direct Measuring Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia Bakosurtanal

Suncto Compass

Project site plan (gas plant, well and pipeline)



Regional Geology Systemized Geological Map, Batui sheet (GTL Bandung)

- -

Local Geology Observation Geological Compass, Geological Hammer

Seismicity Interview with the Local People Map of Epicenters in Indonesia (GTL Bandung)

-

Project site plan (gas plant, well and pipeline)

Hydrogeology Measuring of Dug / Drilled Well Depth and Interview with the Local People Hydrogeological Map (GTL Bandung)

- Community’s wells in villages around the project site plan.

4. Geology and Seismicity

Land Movement Field Observation, Topographic Map, Geological Map Quantitative Analysis of Slope Angle Physical Properties of Rocks and Soil

Geological Compass Along the pipeline, projected CPF and jetty location.

Chemical Quality In-situ Sampling Mattock and Plastic Bags

5. Soil Quality

Physical Quality In-situ Sampling Mattock, Capper Ring

Around the Pipeline (Picture 3.1).

6. Soil Erosion Rain Erosivity, Soil Erodibility, Inclinity, Vegetation Covering and Management

In-situ Sampling Knife, Plastic Bag, Capper Ring

Slope Area around the Pipeline

7. Drainage and Irrigation, Debit

Flow Pattern, Irrigation Line, Current Speed (River Cross Section)

Observation and Illustration Drainage & Irrigation Systems Measuring of Current Speed & Total Area of Cross Section Processing of Rainfall Data Empirical Formula

Working Map, Current Meter, Watch / Stop Watch

The Entire Study Area (Representative Area)



Bathymetry Bathymetric Map from Hydro-Oceanography Office of Indonesian Navy/ Indonesian Coastal Environmental Map

-

Tides Measuring of Sea Level with Interval of 1 Hour for 3 Days Tidal Forecast Book from Hydro-Oceanography Office of Indonesian Navy

Scale Board

Wave Wave Estimation Data from Meteorological and Geophysical Agency

-

8. Hydro-Oceanography

Current Direct Measuring Previous Measuring Data from Other Institutions

Current Meter

Sea Territory Included in Study Area Borders

Water Physical Quality

In-situ Direct Measuring Thermometer, Nefractometer, pH Meter, Seichi Disc, Eikman Grab

9. Fresh and Sea Water Quality + Sediment

Water Chemical Quality

Direct sampling + Laboratory Analysis

Sample Bottles, Titration Equipment, Sampler Time, Eikman Grab.

Around the pipeline Passing through the Sea between Senoro 3 and Senoro 4, Sea in Nonong Village and in front of Pipe End Located in the Sea in Padang Village.

Natural and Cultivation Vegetation

Observation / Measuring Using Quadrate Method / Squared Lanes at Sample Location Transect

Working Map, GPS, Scaled Mine, pH-Band, Hagameter, Machete, Binoculars, Counter & Tally Sheet

Project site plan (gas plant, well and gas pipe ROW), & areas bordered with Bangkiriang Animal Conservation and Mangrove Protected Forest along the beach of Kintom Sub-district.

10. Terrestrial Biota

Wild Animals Observation, Bird Observation using IPA, Method, & Interview on the Existence of Endemic Wild Animals

At vegetation location transects



Aquatic Biota Coral Reef In-situ Direct Observation Map from Hydro-oceanography Office of Indonesian Navy / LPI Map Bakosurtanal

Snorkeling / Scuba Diving Equipment GPS

Around the pipeline, namely close to sampling site for sea water quality.

Plankton In-situ Sampling + Laboratory Analysis

Sample Bottles, Plankton Net no. 25. GPS

Benthos In-situ Sampling + Laboratory Analysis

Ekman Grab, Leveled Filter, GPS

In the sea close to sea water sampling site. On the ground / land, in rivers close to pipe ROW.

11.

Nekton Direct Interview with the Local People Data from the Relevant Office (Office of Fishery)

Sea Territory Included in Study Area Borders

Demography Total Number of Respondents Are 10% (160 Respondents) Village Monographic Secondary Data from Central Agency for Statistics, Sub-district Offices

Form

Land Ownership Job Opportunity Business Opportunity PAD

Observation, Structured Interview with Respondents (Villagers, Community Leaders) with 10% (160) Respondents. Provincial and Regency Data from the Central Agency for Statistics

Questionnaire

Villages around the Activity Plan Site Whose Areas Are Chosen in Social Border Cluster (Total of 13 Villages)

12. Social

Accessibility Traffic Survey by Counting the Frequency and Type of Vehicles Passing by Direct Observation on Road Condition

Form Market Intersection in Gori-gori



Social Process Structured Interview with Community Leaders as Respondent

12. (Continued)

Public Attitude and Perception

Observation, Structured Interview with Respondents (Villagers, Community Leaders) with 10% (160) Respondents.

Questionnaire

Villages around the Activity Plan Site Whose Areas Are Chosen in Social Border Cluster (Total of 13 Villages)

13. Public Health Public Health (Disease Prevalence, Types of Disease, Toddlers’ Nutrition Status, & Environmental Sanitation

Observation, Structured Interview with Respondents (Villagers, Community Leaders), Data from Health Office, PKM, Integrated Service Post (Pos Yandu) and Central Agency for Statistics.

Questionnaire Villages around the Activity Plan Site Whose Areas Are Chosen in Social Border Cluster (Total of 14 Villages)

3.1.1.1 Secondary Data

Several environmental components that have been analyzed

need to be supported / completed with secondary data, such as:

climate, physiography, geology, hydro-oceanography,

hydrogeology, spatial and land management, and hydrology.

Description of social-economy and culture as well as local

people’s health obtained from the relevant institutions is also

needed. Those data include:

• Climate data from Meteorological and Geophysical Agency,

Banggai Regency Meteorology Station and the areas around

neighboring locations;



• Basic map (rupa bumi), bathymetric map in waters around

the project site from Coordinating Agency for National

Survey and Mapping (BAKOSURTANAL);

• Oceanographic data around the project site from Hydro-

oceanography Office (DISHIDROS) of Indonesian Navy;

• Village / Sub-district Monographic Data from the Statistic

Office of Central Sulawesi Province and Banggai Regency;

• Spatial plan and land use plan from National Agency of Land

Affairs of Banggai Regency;

• Soil map from Soil and Agroclimate Research Center in

Bogor;

• Hydrology and irrigation from the Directorate / Office of

Irrigation;

• Map of forest and waters area of Central Sulawesi Province

from Natural Conservation Information Center, Forestry

Department, in Bogor;

• Map of forest area of Banggai Regency from Forestry Office

of Banggai Regency in Luwuk;

• Geological and hydrogeological data from Environmental

Management Geology Center;



• Road class and vehicle frequency data from Office of Traffic

and Land Transportation of Central Sulawesi Province and

Banggai Regency;

• Types of disease, health facilities, medical personnel /

paramedics data from Health Office of Central Sulawesi

Province and Banggai Regency;

3.1.1.2 Primary Data

Primary data in ANDAL study are collected through sampling

representation principle in the study area. Data collected are

analysis result to environmental components estimated to be

imposed by impacts.

Identification of sampling locations in the study area is based on

representation approach by looking at location dispersion

estimated to be impacted. Environmental components requiring

sampling are physical-chemical, biological, social-economic and

cultural components.

a. Air Quality and Noise

Air quality and noise measuring is done in the same location.

Identification of air quality and noise measuring location is

based on noise source and settlement location potential to

be impacted. Air quality measuring method refers to



Government Regulation No. 41 Year 1999 regarding Air

Pollution Control. Air quality parameters measured are SO2,

NO2, hydrocarbon, H2S, CO, dust (TSP) and PM10.

Noise measuring is done through direct reading using Sound

level Meter. Air quality and noise measuring locations are

presented in Table 3.2, while air quality parameter, analysis

method, and equipment are presented in Table 3.3.

Table 3.2 Air Quality and Noise Measuring Locations

No. Measuring Location Geographical Position Remarks 1. Senoro #2 01º 23’ 26.7” S

122º 27’ 09.8” E CPF Gas Processing Facility Location (Alt #1 CPF).

2. Senoro #1 01º 23’ 15.6” S 122º 28’ 24.3” E

CPF Gas Processing Facility Location (Alt #2 CPF).

3. Sinorang Village 01º 20.367’ S 122º 31.745’ E

The nearest settlement area from CPF.

4. Nonong Village 01º 23’ 33.7” S 122º 27’ 06.6” E

Settlement area near jetty location.

5. Tangkiang Village 01º 11’ 15.4” S 122º 37’ 47.9” E

Settlement at the end of gas pipeline.

Table 3.3 Air Quality Parameter, Analysis Method and Equipment

No. Air Quality Parameter Analysis Method Equipment 1. SO2 Pararosaniline Spectrophotometer 2. NO2 Saltzman Spectrophotometer 3. Hydrocarbon Flame Ionization Gas Chromatography 4. H2S Mercurythiocynate Spectrophotometer 5. CO NDIR NDIR Analyzer 6. Dust (TSP) Gravimetric Hi-Vol 7. PM10 Gravimetric Hi-Vol



b. Physiography, Topography and Soil

Physiography and topography are directly observed visually

and in-situ measuring or exploration is done by considering

and cross-checking with available secondary data. Soil type

is directly observed in-situ by finding singkapan and

matching it with available secondary data to obtain soil

profile description for each representing soil type (1-2

representatives for each soil type). In each representing

profile, soil samples are taken to identify soil chemical and

physical properties at the laboratory. Tentative observation

points for 10 soil profiles are shown in Picture 3.1.

c. Land / Soil Erosion

Erosion is visually observed in-situ in places where erosion

indeed takes place, namely areas which are not flat; in

addition to measuring of parameters need in erosion

estimation based on Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE),

such as slope length and inclinity, as well as vegetation

factor and conservation efforts.

d. Drainage and Debit

Water puddle and swamp, drainage pattern and flow

direction are directly observed in-situ based on existing peta

rupa bumi and cross-checked with the actual condition.

Instanteous river debit and water channel / irrigation,



particularly those to be cut by the pipeline, will be measured

in-situ using current meter.

e. Water Quality and Sediment

Water quality data collection comprises physical and

chemical parameters in the environment potential to be

impacted by the activity, such as river, sea, and community’s

wells. Sampling locations are presented in details in Table

3.4. Observation of water quality parameter is conducted

directly in-situ and some will be through water sampling for

further analysis at the laboratory.

Table 3.4 Water Quality and Sediment Sampling Locations

No. Location Position I. River Waters 1. Kayowa River (Upstream) 01º 18.63’ S 122º 30.105’ E 2. Bakung River (Downstream) 01º 18.246’ S 122º 32.025’ E 3. Sinorang River 01º 23.589’ S 122º 37.767’ E 4. Bonebalantak River 01º 21.435’ S 122º 27.800’ E 5. Bakung River (Downstream) 01º 17.185’ S 122º 32.924’ E 6. Bakung River (Upstream) 01º 17.574’ S 122º 31.481’ E 7. Kayowa River (Downstream) 01º 19.330’ S 122º 30.438’ E II. Sea Waters 1. Waters in front of Bangkiriang Animal

Conservation 01º 25.813’ S 122º 25.977’ E

2. Estuary of Sinorang River 01º 24.413’ S 122º 28.346’ E 3. Waters in front of Nonong Village 01º 22.534’ S 122º 29.402’ E III. Wells 1. Well near Senoro-2 01º 23.447’ S 122º 27.156’ E 2. Well near Senoro-3 01º 26.324’ S 122º 24.114’ E



Water sampling is done by using combined water sample

bottles (it means that in relatively deep waters, water

sampling is done on the upper layer and lower layer and the

samples will be mixed). Hence, one observation point only

requires one series of water quality data. Water samples to

be taken to the laboratory will be treated according to the

need and requirements of water sample handling for a water

quality parameter, such as preservation, cooling and packing

of water samples during transportation from the field to the

laboratory. Physical and chemical parameters required in

this study are presented in details in Table 3.5.

Table 3.5 Parameters, Units, Methods and Tools Used for Measuring in

Water and Sediment Columns

No. Parameter Unit Method Tool a. Physics

1. Temperature ºC Expansion Thermometer 2. Turbidity NTU Light Absorption Spectrophotometer 3. Suspended Solids mg / l Gravimetric Analytical Balance b. Chemical

4. Salinity ‰ Refractometer 5. pH - Potentiometric pH-meter 6. Dissolved Oxygen mg / l Tittrimetric Winkler Buret tools 7. BOD mg / l Tittrimetric Winkler Buret tools 8. Sulphide mg / l Complex Spectrophotometer 9. Ammonia mg / l Brusin Complex Spectrophotometer 10. Nitrate and Nitrite mg / l Cd and NED Reduction Spectrophotometer 11. Total Phosphate mg / l Molibdat Complex Spectrophotometer 12. Orto Phosphate mg / l Molibdat Complex Spectrophotometer 13. Phenol Compound mg / l Extraction Spectrophotometer 14. Oil and Fat mg / l Gravimetric Partition and

Infrared Balance and Spectrophotometer

15. Heavy Metals: Hg, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni

mg / l Atom Absorption Spectrophotometer



c. Sediment 16. Texture % Fractionation Filter 17. Phenol Compound mg / l Extraction Spectrophotometer 18. Oil and Fat mg / l Gravimetric Partition and

Infrared Balance and Spectrophotometer

19. Heavy Metals: Hg, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni

mg / l Atom Absorption Spectrophotometer

f. Hydro-oceanography

Oceanographic data needed in this analysis consist of

bathymetric map, tides, wave and current.

Bathymetric Map. Bathymetry is needed in relation with the

condition of waters related to waters depth, sediment

transportation and settling process, wave and coastal current

pattern. Bathymetry in the waters surrounding the project

site is from ocean map published by Coordinating Agency for

National Survey and Mapping (BAKOSURTANAL).

Tides. Tidal data are obtained by direct measuring for 3 x

24 hours which will be used to obtain the general description

of tidal type. Furthermore, to obtain the tidal type of the

project site, tidal secondary data are also needed from the

Office of Hydro-oceanography (DISHIDROS) of Indonesian

Navy.

Wave and Current. Wave data will be obtained through

secondary data provided by the Office of Hydro-

oceanography (DISHIDROS) of Indonesian Navy or other



relevant institutions. Current will be locally measured,

particularly for the speed and direction, while to identify

current pattern, secondary data will be obtained from the

Office of Hydro-oceanography (DISHIDROS) of Indonesian

Navy or other relevant institutions.

g. Vegetation

Vegetation identified consists of natural and cultivation

vegetation. Parameters observed are individual species and

total number, free height of branches and diameter of stalks.

Observation applies quadrate method, with plot sizes as

presented in Table 3.6. For cultivation vegetation, floristic

method will be used, namely identification of species, total

number, and planting interval.

In addition, species of tumbuhan bawah and non-wood

vegetation which have ecological value and been used by

the local people. Total number of observation plot is 3-5

plots in every lane, depending on species homogeneity and

total area of vegetation community. Tools used consist of

working map, machete, measuring tape, compass, GPS, tally

sheet and stationery.



Table 3.6 Size of Sample Plots based on Vegetation Species and Growth

Strata

Dry Land Vegetation Mangrove Vegetation No. Growth Stratum Description Plot Description Plot

1. Pole Pole diameters of 10 – 19 cm

10 m x 10 m - -

2. Tree Stalk diameters of ≥ 20 cm

20 m x 20 m Stalk diameters of ≥ 4 cm

10 m x 10 m

Vegetation sample observation locations are identified

randomly based on representation of each ecosystem, land

covering and / or land use pattern estimated to be impacted

by each type and location of activity plan to be implemented

(Table 3.7).

Table 3.7 Locations of Vegetation Sample Observation and the Relevance

with Type of Business and / or Activity Plan

Type of Ecosystem Plot Location Note Relevance A. Field Development Mixed gardens and rice fields V-8 Well S-1 and Trunkline site plan V-1 Well S-2 and CPF site plan V-5 Well S-3 site plan V-2 Well S-4 site plan V-9 Well S-5 site plan Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Forest Area V-3, V-4 and V-6 Trunkline site plan (alternatives 1 and 2)

from Well S-3 to CPF River ROW V-7 Trunkline site plan from Wells S-1 and S-5

to CPF. B. Pipeline Beach ROW V-10 and V-11 Condensate jetty site plan (alternatives 1

and 2) River ROW in Convertible Production Forest Area

V-12, V-13, V-14, V-15 and V-16

Piping site plan between Senoro – Kintom

Mixed gardens V-17 Metering Station site plan in Tangkiang



h. Wild Animals

Wild animal parameters to be observed are habitat quality,

species richness and individual abundance of birds, reptiles

and mammals, including protected fauna species (number of

species). Observation sample location is the same with

observation sample location for vegetation parameters

(Table 3.7) because vegetation is the main composing

element of wild animal habitat.

Direct observation will use lane exploration method and

modified Index Point of Abundance (IPA) method.

Lane exploration method is used to observe mammals and

reptiles with the same observation lane with vegetation

observation lane. Parameters to be noted are species, total

number, and location of wild animals when observed.

Exploration method is especially to identify the condition of

habitat quality and to complete wild animal observation

results from the sample plots. Habitat quality is observed

qualitatively towards habitat components, such as vegetation

species and strata, food source and water source.

Indirect observation is based on footprints, manure, sound

and other signs they have left, and information obtained form

the interview with local people on the existence and use of

wild animals.



i. Aquatic Biota

Aquatic biota components to be analyzed consist of plankton,

benthos, nekton (fish resource) and coral reef. The objective

of biological environmental components is to identify the

biological and ecological conditions of the environment,

particularly biological component. Aquatic biological

component is observed through sampling, observation and

interview. Aquatic biota sampling location is selected based

on project activity plan and water condition in the study area

(the same with air quality sampling location).

i.1 Plankton

Phytoplankton and zooplankton sampling is each done by

using plankton net. Plankton is taken by filtering 100

liters of water. Plankton sampling is done in the same

location with air quality sampling location. Plankton

samples are then put into sample collection bottles,

added with lugol preservative and taken to the laboratory

for analysis. Plankton samples are analyzed to identify

abundance, diversity index, uniformity index and

dominance index.

i.2 Benthos

Data collected consist of macrozoobenthos species and

density in the waters. Benthos sampling is done by using



Eikman Grab, then screened to obtain samples for

analysis. Sampling location is the same with air quality

sampling location (please refer to Table 3.4). Those

samples are put into plastic bags, given 4% formalin

liquid preservative, and analyzed at the laboratory.

i.3 Nekton

Fish resource consists of economic species which play a

role in food chain (ecologically) and migrating fish

resource (reproduction, finding food related to the

environmental condition and other factors). These data

are obtained from observation, interview with fishermen

and secondary data available at Office of Maritime and

Fisheries of Banggai Regency.

i.4 Coral Reef

Observation of coral reef and other organisms associated

with coral reef is done by direct observation and scuba

diving. Coral reef observation / sampling location is along

the pipeline in the sea. Data collection method of coral

reef and organisms associated with coral reef is a

combination of line transect method and quadrant

transect method.



j. Social Economy, Culture and Public Health

Illustration on community’s social economic and cultural

conditions is obtained through direct interview with

respondents. Respondent sampling method used is

Purposive Cluster Sampling which is combined by setting up

focused group discussions, if field condition allows.

Respondents to be interviewed consist of:

* Community’s leaders (formal and informal leaders);

* Villagers residing around the gas field and pipeline;

* Land owners / cultivators around the gas field and

pipeline; and

* Fishermen in Nonong Village.

In this study, 160 families (heads of households) are

interviewed. That number is 10% of the total heads of

households estimated to be imposed by the impacts of the

activity plan, namely people residing near the gas field and

pipeline to be constructed. According to Adi (2002), the

number of respondents used in social survey method is 10%

of the total households impacted.

Sampling in each location can be seen in sampling map

(Picture 3.1) and Table 3.8.



Table 3.8 Sampling Locations and Total Number of Social Economic and

Cultural Respondents

Sub-district Village Sampling Reason Number of Respondents

Slametharjo * Land acquisition for pipeline and gas field; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to field drainage.

10

Toili * Land acquisition for pipeline and gas field; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to field drainage.

9 Toili

Saluan * Land acquisition for pipeline and gas field; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to field drainage.

10

Sinorang * Land acquisition for pipeline, gas field & production facilities; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to field drainage.

16

Bonebalantak * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Disturbance to field drainage; * Disturbance to river water for Bathing-Washing-Toileting.

10

Masing * Land acquisition for pipeline. 6

Nonong * Land acquisition for pipeline and jetty; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to field drainage.

12

Sisipan * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Disturbance to field drainage. 9

Tolando * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization. 15

Batalang * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization. 12

Lamo * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization. 12

Honbola * Land acquisition for pipeline. 10

Batui

Uso * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to river water for Bathing-Washing-Toileting.

12

Kalolos * Land acquisition for pipeline. 3 Tangkiang * Land acquisition for pipeline. 7 Kintom

Padang * Land acquisition for pipeline. 7



3.1.2 Data Analysis Method

3.1.2.1 Climate, Air Quality and Noise

Long term climate data consist of rainfall, temperature and

relative humidity which will be analyzed to obtain monthly

average data. Those average monthly data will further be

presented in table or diagram to identify the variation or

fluctuation in one year. Wind data will particularly be analyzed

in the form of wind rose so that its monthly average can be

identified, together with the pattern of its seasonal directions.

Data from each air quality parameter will be compared to

prevailing ambient air quality standard, namely according to

Government Regulation No. 41 Year 1999. Thereby, ambient

air quality in the study area can be identified. Noise level value

as a result of measuring will be compared to Noise Level

Standard based on the Decree of Environment Minister No.

KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996.

Noise dispersion from the noise source and its surrounding is

estimated using equation:

SL1 = Noise level within R1 distance from noise

source



SL2 = Noise level within R2 distance from noise

source

R1 and R2 = Distance of each location 1 (L1) and location 2

(L2) from noise source (R1 > R2)

3.1.2.2 Soil

Changes in soil chemical and physical qualities are analyzed

using data tabulation and comparison to available standard or

criteria (Puslittanak, 1983). Soil chemical quality criteria class

can change to worse or lower due to project impacts (Tables 3.9

and 3.10).

Table 3.9 Criteria for Soil Chemical Quality Analysis

Source: Soil Research Center, 1983. Terms of Reference: Soil Capability Survey,

Transmigration Supporting Research Project. Soil Research Center, Agricultural

R&D Agency, Department of Agriculture, Bogor.



Notes: Sifat Tanah = Soil Quality

Sangat Rendah = Very Low

Rendah = Low

Sedang = Medium, average

Tinggi = High

Sangat Tinggi = Very High

Susunan Kation = Cation Structure

Kejenuhan Basa = Alkaline Saturation

Sangat Masam = Very Acidic

Masam = Acidic

Agak Masam = Rather Acidic

Netral = Neutral

Agak Alkalis = Rather Alkaline

Alkalis = Alkaline

Table 3.10 Analysis of Several Soil Physical Quality Parameters

Parameter Value Class Infiltration Speed / Permeability (cm / hour) < 0.125

0.125 – 0.50 0.50 – 2.00 2.00 – 6.35

6.35 – 12.70 12.70 – 25.40

> 25.40

Very Slow Slow

Rather Slow Average

Rather Fast Fast

Very Fast Aeration Pore (%) < 5

5 – 10 10 – 15

> 15

Very Low Low

Average High

Available Water Catching Pore (%) < 5 5 – 10

10 – 15 15 – 20

> 20

Very Low Low

Average High

Very High



Aggregate Stability (index) > 80 80 – 65 65 – 50 50 – 40

< 40

Very Stable Stable

Rather Stable Instable

Very Instable Plasticity (index) < 10

10 – 20 20 – 30

> 30

Not Plastic Rather Plastic

Plastic Very Plastic

COLE < 0.03 0.03 – 0.06 0.06 – 0.09

> 0.09

Low Average

High Very High

Source: Uhland and O’Neal (1951), De Leenheer and De Boodt (1959. Lambe, 1956 in Subagyono et al.

1994)

3.1.2.3 Soil Erosion

Erosion magnitude on inclining land where gas pipe will be

planted and ROW of 25 meters will be constructed is estimated

using USLE estimation:

A = R.K.LS.C.P ………………………………………. (3.2)

A = erosion magnitude (ton / ha / year)

R = rain erosivity

K = soil erodibility

LS = Slope length and angle factors

C = soil covering or vegetation factor, and

P = soil and water conservation measure factor



C and P values before ROW construction and gas pipe

installation are a lot lower than 1.0, but particularly at the time of

gas pipe installation and ROW construction and after gas is

flown, CP values will approach 1.0 and erosion will hike. The

value of soil erosion estimation significance is determined by

Tolerable Soil Loss (TLS) value.

Tolerable erosion = Tolerable Soil Loss (TSL):

TSL = {(De – Dmin) / UGT} – LPT ………………… (3.3)

De = Soil solum depth x depth factor

Dmin = Soil minimum depth for vegetation rooting

UGT = Umur Guna Tanah (Soil Use Age)

LPT = Laju Pembentukan Tanah (Soil Formulation

Speed)

Soil erosion > TSL is dangerous and significantly needs

attention / to be managed

3.1.2.4 Drainage and Irrigation Systems and Debit

Changes in drainage and irrigation systems are analyzed

quantitatively using construction, particularly around pipe

installation area in rice field area, in addition to hills or

mountains: ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


Change in river debit is analyzed through peak debit change

approach in one case or two micro catchments in the study area,

based on the following rational equation:

q = 0.028 C.i.A ………………………………………. (3.4)

q = peak debit (m3 / second)

C = runoff coefficient

i = rain intensity during flood incurrence (mm / hour)

A = total area of micro catchment (km2)

With assumption of fixed rain intensity and total area, change in

peak debit will incur when C (runoff coefficient) value changes in

micro catchment; ROW lane will increase C value.

On the field, instanteous debit is measured by using the

following formula:

Q = A.V ……………………………………………… (3.5)

Q = Measured debit (m3 / second)

A = Total area of cross section (m2)

V = Average flow speed (m / second)

3.1.2.5 Water Quality

Water quality data are processed quantitatively by referring to

water quality standard according to Government Regulation No.



82 Year 2001 and Regulation of Environment Minister No. 51

Year 2004.

3.1.2.6 Hydro-oceanography

Tides

Obtained tidal component will further be analyzed using

Formzahl equation to obtain tidal criteria, namely:

F = Formzahl number

K1 = Main single tidal component caused by solar

gravity

O1 = Main single tidal component caused by lunar

gravity

K2 = Main double tidal components caused by solar

gravity

O2 = Main single double components caused by lunar

gravity

Tidal type criteria:

0 < F ≤ 0.25 = double tidal type;

0.26 < F ≤ 1.50 = mixed tidal type where double tidal type is

more dominant; ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


1.51 < F ≤ 3.00 = mixed tidal type where single tidal type is

more dominant.

Sediment Suspended Waste Dispersion

Waste produced during construction phase, particularly turbidity

from pipe installation, will spread into the surrounding waters it is

carried by both the current and wave. In addition, this waste

dispersion is influenced by diffusion process, in addition to

current activity. Hence, waste dispersion can be stated with

advection – diffusion equation, which is formulated as follows:

C = Mass concentration of diffused waste.

(u, v, w) = Component of current speed in the same

direction with, consecutively, x, y and z axis.

(x, y, z) = Cartesian coordinate axis.

(Kx, Ky, Kz) = Components of diffusion coefficient in the same

direction with, consecutively, x, y and z axis.

Elements (2), (3), (4) = Advection components

Elements (5), (6), (7) = Diffusion components

Assumption used to obtain solution of equation (3.7) is by

assuming that: (1) settling process of fine textured mud is very

little; (2) diffusion process vertically is less than horizontally, so



that components (4) and (7) of equation (3.7) can be ignored; (3)

the wave effect towards waste dispersion currently is ignored.

Furthermore, since diffusion process is influenced by current

magnitude, diffusion coefficient of equation (3.7) is identified

using the following formula (Elliot, Dale, & Proctor, 1992):

α = Diffusion coefficient whose value ranges at

0.5 – 2.5 x 103s

u, v = Horizontal speed components

Hence, equation (3.7) can be written as:

The solution of equation (3.9) can be obtained as mentioned

by Fisher and friends (1979), namely as:

M = Pollutant source per time unit.



3.1.2.7 Terrestrial Vegetation

Vegetation data analysis covers species density, species

relative density, species frequency, species relative frequency,

species covering, species relative covering, species significance

value, diversity and species dominance, using the following

formula:

* Species density (Di) namely total number of species-i

individuals (standing) in an area unit, with equation:

ni = Total number of species-i individuals

A = Total area of sampling area.

* Species Relative Density (RDi) is comparison between total

number of species-i individuals (standing) and total number

of the entire species (n) individuals (standing) calculated

using the following equation:

* Species Frequency (Fi), namely the possibility of species-i to

be found in observed sampling plots, is calculated using the

following equation:



pi = total number of sampling plots where species-i is

found

p = total number of sampling plots observed

* Species Relative Frequency (RFi), namely comparison

between species-i frequency (Fi) and total number of

frequency for the entire species (F), is calculated using the

following equation:

Fi = Species-i frequency

F = Total number of frequency of the entire species

* Species covering (Ci), namely total area of species-i covering

in a certain area unit, is calculated using equation:

BA = Λ.d2/4 (cm2)

D = stalk diameter of species-i (cm)

Λ = constant = lb/ Λ (cm)

lb = stalk circumference

A = total area of sample plot observed.

* Species Relative Covering (RCi), namely comparison

between total area of species-i covering (Ci) and total area of



covering for the entire species (C), is calculated using the

following equation:

* Species Significance Value (IVi), namely the total of species

relative density value (RDi), species relative frequency (RFi)

and species relative covering (RCi), is calculated using the

following equation:

IVi = RDi + RFi + RCi ……………………………… (3.17)

Species significance value ranges at 0 – 300. This

significance value provides an illustration regarding influence

or role of a vegetation species in a certain community.

* Diversity (H’) which is shown in diversity index is a diversity

illustration based on species significance value in community.

Diversity index used is Shannon-Wiener diversity index

(English, et al., 1994) based on the following equation:

ni = Species-i significance value

N = The total of significance value of all species

Vegetation species diversity (H’) can be used as indicator of

structure stability of vegetation community or ecosystem



condition of a community / an area. The higher H’ is, the higher

capability an ecosystem will have to conduct controlling function

(cybernetics) and survival / vulnerability to external disturbances.

3.1.2.8 Wild Animals

Data on observation result of mammal wild animals are

presented in the form of species richness in a community

(ecosystem), before being analyzed based on literature review

whose outcomes will be descriptively elaborated. Similar thing

will be done to habitat quality.

With regard to bird observation data, IPA method is used to

calculate relative density of a species (KR) and species diversity

index (H’) using equation used in vegetation analysis.

3.1.2.9 Aquatic Biota

1) Plankton

Plankton data analysis consists of species and abundance

identification and classification at the laboratory before

obtaining diversity, uniformity and dominance values.



a. Abundance

Plankton abundance is the total number of plankton

individuals in certain volume (liter). The formula used to

calculate plankton abundance is:

A = Plankton abundance (individual / liter or

individual / m3)

Oi = Total area of cover glass (mm2)

Op = Total area of a field of view (mm2)

Vr = Volume of filtered sample water (ml)

Vo = Volume of a drop of sample water (ml)

Vs = Volume of water filtered using plankton net

(liter or m3)

N = Total number of plankton in the entire field of

view

P = Total number of observed fields of view

b. Diversity Index

This index is calculation based on information regarding

randomizing of a system. Index used is Shannon-Wiener

(Krebs, 1972) using the formula:



H’ = Diversity index

S = Total number of species found


N = Total number of individuals

c. Uniformity Index

Uniformity index value in a community shows uniformity

level of ecological condition among plankton species.

This index is calculated by using the following formula:

E = Uniformity index

H’ = Diversity index

Hmax = Natural logarithm of total number of species

found.

S = Total number of species found

N = Total number of individuals.

Uniformity index (E) can be used to see if there are any

dominance patterns by one or several groups of organism

species found in the community aquatic organisms

observed. If the value of E approaches 1, individual

dispersion among species is relatively even. But if the

value of E approaches 0, individual dispersion among

species is significantly not even. In other words, if the



value of E approaches 0, there is a group of certain

species whose number is relatively abundant (dominant)

compared to other species. Daget (1976) classifies

community uniformity index value is E ≥ 0.75 with

balanced community criteria.

d. Dominance Index

Dominance index is used to identify how high the

domination level is in an aquatic community by a certain

plankton species, by using the following formula:

C = Dominance index


N = Total number of individuals.

2) Benthos

a. Density

Benthos density is the total number of benthos individuals

in certain total area (m2). The formula used to calculate

benthos density is:



A = Benthos density (individual / m2)

B = Total number of benthos individuals in sample

C = Total area of Eikman Grab mouth opening (m2)

b. Diversity, University and Dominance Indexes

Data analysis to identify benthos will be done through

calculation similar to the one used for diversity and

dominance indexes of plankton.

3) Fish

Fish resource data are presented in the table of fish species

that can be caught by the local fishermen, completed with

narration.

4) Coral Reef

Analysis of coral reef component is in the forms of species

and covering percentage of each species found in sampling

location. Percentage calculation is as follows:

C = Covering percentage of species-i (%)

a = Species-i covering (m2)

A = Transect size (m2)



Furthermore, Coral Reef Damage Standard Criteria (Decree

of Environment Minister No. 04 Year 2001) will be used to

identify the condition of coral reef.

Table 3.11 Standard Criteria for Coral Reef Damage

Parameter Standard Criteria for Coral Reef Damage Bad 0 – 24.9 Damaged Average 25 – 49.9 Good 50 – 74.9

Percentage of Total Covering Area by Living Coral Reef

Good Very Good 75 – 100

Further analysis is classification of coral reef and other biota

associated with coral reef into each equivocal, by using the

relevant literature source.

3.1.2.10 Social-Economy and Culture

1) Increase in Job Opportunity

Increase in job opportunity is measured using comparison

analysis, namely by looking at the total number of workers to

be absorbed by project activities compared to the total

number of people looking for jobs found in the project area.

2) Population Density

In several locations with dense population, gas field

development and gas piping activities will create impacts.



Identification of the size of population density will be using

the following formula:

D = Population density.

Density criteria are based on Law No. 56/prp/1960 regarding

population density classification as presented in Table 3.12.

Table 3.12 Classification of Population Density

No. Population Density (people/km2) Density Criteria 1. 1 – 50 Not Dense (Rare) 2. 51 – 250 Less Dense 3. 251 – 400 Rather Dense 4. > 400 Very Dense

3) Population Growth Rate

Population growth rate is calculated using mathematic

method referring to systematic population growth as follows:

Pn = Total number of population in year n (latest)

Po = Total number of population in the beginning of year

(base)

R = Population growth rate

T = Period (year)



4) Dependency Ratio

Dependency ratio is calculated using the following formula:

DR = Dependency Ratio

P0-14 = Total number of population of the ages of (0 to 14

years)

P>64 = Total number of population of the age of 65 above

P15-64 = Total number of population of the ages of (15 to 64

years)

5) Traffic Volume

Pipe installation on the road side is estimated to create

disturbance to traffic flow. To identify the impact to traffic

density, vehicle frequency and traffic volume at road

intersection which is the most often passed by construction

material / equipment transporting vehicles will be calculated.

In addition, the peak time of vehicles’ passing by will also be

taken into account. Secondary data from the Office of Road

Traffic and Transportation will also be used as reference in

the calculation:



LHR = Average Daily Traffic

ΣK = Total number of vehicles’ passing by (unit)

T = Time (day)

6) Degree of Saturation

Degree of saturation is the value showing the condition of

road side in serving the incurring traffic volume by using the

following formula:

DS = V / C ……………………………………………. (3.29)

C = Cp x FCw x FCsp x FCsf x FCcs ……………….(3.30)

C = Effective capacity (PCU / hour)

(PCU = Passengers’ Car Unit)

V = Traffic volume (PCU / hour)

Cp = Basic capacity

FCw = Road lane width factor

FCsp = Direction separator factor

FCsf = Side hampering factor

FCcs = City size factor

7) People’s Income

People’s income, especially farmers whose lands be

acquired, will be measured using the following equation:

Y = P x Q – Pi x Qi …………………………………… (3.31)



Y = Income

P = Price of sold goods (Rp)

Q = Quantity of sold goods (unit)

Pi = Input price (Rp)

Qi = Input quantity (unit)

In addition, comparison process is also done by considering

land productivity level. In general, productive area will have

appropriate compensation level, meaning land compensation

value is decided based on land condition; rice field land will

have different value from oil palm and cacao plantation.

Quality scale based on income level can be seen in Table

3.13.

Table 3.13 Quality Scale based on Income Level

No. Average Income Level Quality Scale 1. < UMK Poor 2. UMK – 0.10x UMK Average 3. 0.10x UMK – 2x UMK Rich 4. > 2x UMK Very Rich

Note: UMK = Regency Minimum Wage

3.1.2.11 Public Health

Analysis of public health component is viewed from disease

prevalence rate by calculating the total number of people

suffering from a disease in a community for a certain period. .



PR = Prevalence Rate

ΣK = Total number of old and new cases in a certain period

(year)

ΣP = Total number of population in the middle of a year

3.2 Significant and Major Impact Estimation Methods

Significant impact estimation is an accurate and thorough yet partial analysis to

environmental qualities experiencing fundamental changes due to project activities.

Environmental quality changes are stated in impact magnitude and impact

significance.

This significant impact estimation is applied to each environmental component which

is according to scoping result (in line with the formulation of terms of reference

document) classified as hypothetically significant impact.

The guidelines for the identification of significant impacts refer to the Decree of the

Head of Environmental Impact Management Agency No. 056 Year 1994 regarding

significant impact criteria, namely: total number of people imposed by the impact,

impact intensity, total area of impact dispersion, impact duration, impact cumulative

property, impact reversibility / irreversibility, and total number of environmental

components imposed by the impact. Impact magnitude to environmental component

parameters due to project activities is estimated through formal and non-formal

methods. ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


3.2.1 Formal Method

Impact magnitude to environmental component parameters due to

project activities is estimated using mathematical formulas, so that

impact magnitude can be identified quantitatively and impact behavior

can be tracked. This approach is used to estimate impacts to the

parameters of the losing of land owners’ status, traffic, concern,

vegetation and increase in job opportunity, with the following

calculation:

a) Land Ownership

Change in total area of land ownership is obtained through addition

of lands to be acquired / purchased for various activities of gas field,

pipe ROW and buildings for production facilities.

Notes:

Jumlah penggarap = Total number of farmers

Luas lahan garapan yang dibebaskan

= Total are of cultivated land to be acquired

Luas pemilikan rata-rata

= Total area of average land ownership



b) Accessibility

The formula used to identify project contribution to the increase in

traffic density is in Passengers’ Car Unit (SMP = Satuan Unit Mobil

Penumpang):

Notes:

Satuan Mobil Penumpang (SMP)

= Passengers’ Car Unit (PCU)

Jumlah rit truk alat dan bahan per hari

= Total number of routes of equipment and

material trucks per day

Kepadatan lalu lintas per hari

= Daily traffic density

Meanwhile, to identify the condition of road side in serving the

incurring traffic volume, V/C ratio will be used.

c) Labor recruitment

The formula used to identify project contribution to local labor

recruitment is:



Notes:

Kontribusi Penerimaan Tenaga Kerja

= Contribution of Labor Recruitment

TKL = Total number of local workers to be recruited / absorbed

by the project

TKT = Total number of workers to be recruited / absorbed by

the project

TKP = Total number of job seekers registered at Local

Manpower Office

d) Change in vegetation quality

Quality scale of kerapatan tegakan is used to analyze change in

vegetation environmental quality, as shown in Tables 3.14 and 3.15.

Particularly for mangrove vegetation, Quality Standard and

Guidelines for Mangrove Damage Identification at Beach ROW and

Mangrove River ROW outside Conservation Area (Decree of

Environment Minister No. 201 Year 2004), as presented in Table

3.16.

Table 3.14 Quality Scale based on Kerapatan Tegakan

Quality Scale No. Vegetation Strata

Very Good (5) Good (4) Average (3) Bad (2) Very Bad (1)

1. Tree > 50 40 – 49 30 – 39 20 – 29 < 20

2. Pole > 150 100 – 150 80 – 99 50 – 79 < 50

3. Stake > 400 300 – 400 200 – 399 100 – 199 < 100

4. Seedling > 2000 1500 – 1999 1000 – 1499 500 – 1000 < 500

Source : Setiadi (1992), Estimation of Impact to Vegetation



Table 3.15 Quality Scale based on Species Diversity Index

Species Diversity Index Scale Category

Land Swamp

1 Very bad / instable ≤ 1.0 < 1.0

2 Bad / less stable 1.1 – 1.5 1.0 – 1.5

3 Average / rather stable 1.6 – 2.4 1.5 – 2.0

4 Good / stable 2.5 – 3.5 2.0 – 2.5

5 Very good / very stable > 3,5 > 2.5

Source : Samingan (1992), Procedure of Impact Estimation to Vegetation

Table 3.16 Mangrove Damage Standard Criteria No. Criteria Covering (%) Density (stalk / ha)

Very dense ≥ 75 ≥ 1,500 1 Good

Average 50 – 74 1,000 – 1,499

2 Damaged Rare < 50 < 1,000

Source : Decree of Environment State Minister No. 201 Year 2004

3.2.2 Informal Method

This method is used to estimate the magnitude of some impacts to

incurring environmental components. Informal methods to be used are

impact estimation based on analogy and based on experts’ analysis.

3.2.2.1 Impact Estimation based on Analogy

This method is based on analogy or by comparing

environmental condition that incurs and the problems resulted

from similar activities in different places. This approach is used



to estimate impact for physical-chemical environmental

components and some social components.

3.2.2.2 Impact Estimation based on Experts’ Analysis

In case of obstacles in obtaining data in the field, this method is

usually used. Impact estimation using this method is very much

dependent on the knowledge and experience of the analysts.

This approach is used to estimate impacts to environmental

components if mathematical and analogical approaches are not

possible to apply.

3.3 Significant Impact Evaluation Method

3.3.1 Impact Magnitude and Significance Analysis

This analysis refers to the provisions under Government Regulation No.

27/1999, namely through the following approaches:

* Holistic analysis to entire major and significant impacts from

environmental components / parameters of each activity plan as the

impact source, as produced from impact magnitude and

significance estimation analysis, is done through non-matrix method

in the form of flowchart;



* Major and significant impact flowchart method is used to illustrate

the interrelation (cause and effect) between impact source and

significant impact to environmental components / parameters

estimated to incur, and among the environmental components /

parameters imposed by the significant impact, in order to identify

the activity plan as the impact source and type of impact that

becomes the key variable that must be managed and monitored

through technological, social economic, and institutional

approaches;

* Holistic analysis to the entire major and significant impacts to

identify tendency of activity plan impact estimated to incur will be

done by presenting quantitative and qualitative values of each size

and significance of impact in the form of descriptive explanation as

a unity.

Evaluation of significant impacts is intended to evaluate holistically the

entire impacts due to Senoro Gas Field Development and Senoro-

Kintom Gas Piping activities in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi

Province, to all environmental components since the pre-construction

phase to operational phase.

Holistic impact evaluation of those various or fundamental

environmental changes, in certain area and period of time due to the

project, will apply checklist method and significant impact flowchart

method, which will be supplemented with descriptive elaboration for the

data of each significant impact. ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


Analysis is done not only to significant impacts, but also to insignificant

ones, that will be included in the Chapter on Estimation of Impacts.

Result checklist method is done by making a list of activity components

to be implemented and potential to create significant impacts and

environmental components estimated to be imposed by impacts. From

here it can be identified that an activity can create one or more impacts

to environmental components. Impact flowchart method will illustrate

the relation of a primary impact incurring from an activity plan with its

secondary impacts. This will be very much helpful in identifying

environmental management and monitoring plans. Guidelines in

significant impact identification will refer to the Decree of Head of

Environmental Impact Management Agency No. 056 Year 1994

regarding Guidelines on Significant Impact Criteria and Government

Regulation No. 27 Year 1999 regarding Environmental Impact

Assessment, namely: total number of people imposed by the impact,

total area of impact dispersion, impact intensity and duration, total

number of other environmental components imposed by the impact,

impact cumulative property and impact reversibility / irreversibility.

Impact magnitude to environmental component parameters due to

project activities is estimated through formal and non-formal methods.

3.3.2 Analysis as Management Basis

Holistic analysis to these gas field development and gas piping

activities will produce two important information, namely: ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi



* Inputs for decision making on environmental feasibility with regard

to gas field development and gas piping activities;

* Direction of strategy for the formulation of Environmental

Management Plan (RKL) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL).


4. BUSINESS AND OR ACTIVITY PLAN

4.1 Identity of ANDAL Initiator and Formulator

4.1.1 Initiator

Name : JOB Pertamina – PT Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi

Address : 18th Floor, Bidakara Tower

Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto Kav. 71 – 73, Jakarta 12870

Phone : (021) 8379-3102

Facsimile : (021) 8379-3101

E-mail : [email protected]

OIC : Ir. M. Indra Kusuma

Position : General Manager

4.1.2 ANDAL Formulator

Name : Center for Coastal and Ocean Resources, Bogor

Instituted of Agriculture (PKSPL – IPB)

Address : Faculty of Fishery and Maritime Science, IPB

Jl. Agathis, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680

Phone : (0251) 624-815, 625-556, 628-137

ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Facsimile : (0251) 621-086


mailto:[email protected]


E-mail : [email protected]

OIC : Prof. Dr. Ir. Tridoyo Kusumastanto, MS.

Position : Head of PKSPL – IPB

The structure of ANDAL Study Team is presented in Table 4.1 and the

curriculum vitae of each ANDAL Study Team member is given in

Attachment 3.

Table 4.1 ANDAL Study Team Structure

No. Name Qualification / Expertise A. Study Team Leader

1. Dr. Ir. M.F. Rahardjo Aquatic Biological Expert AMDAL A and B

B. Geophysical – Chemical Team Members 1. Dr. Imam Santosa Air Quality Expert

AMDAL A and B 2. Ir. Singgih Irianto, MSi. Geological Expert 3. Dr. Ir. Kukuh Murtilaksono Soil and Hydrological Expert 4. Dr. Ir. Tri Prartono Oceanographic and Water Quality Expert

C. Biological Team Members 1. Ir. Abu Bakar Siddik Harahap, MSi. Terrestrial Biological Expert 2. Dr. Ir. M.F. Rahardjo Aquatic Biota Expert

D. Social-Economic-Cultural and Public Health Team Members 1. Ir. Dahyar Muhammad, MM Social-Economic Expert 2. Drs. Dahlan Hasan, MSi. Social-Cultural Expert

E. Resources Medco E&P Indonesia

F. Assistants 1. Ir. Eko Budiono Terrestrial Biology 2. Khairuzzaman, S.Hut. Terrestrial Biology 3. Roni Fitrianto, S.Pi. Diver 4. Hermanto, Amd. Drafter 5. Firman FA, SE Piping


mailto:[email protected]


4.2 Objectives of Business and or Activity Plan

The objectives of Senoro gas field development activity located in Banggai Regency,

Central Sulawesi Province by PT Medco E&P Indonesia are to develop and utilize

natural gas reserve found in this area.

4.3 Benefit of and Need for Business and or Activity Plan

The benefit of and need for business and or activity plan are to provide raw material

for LNG and ammoniac industries which will be constructed around Kintom Sub-

district. Gas from Senoro field will be transmitted through 24” pipes from CPF in

Senoro to sales point in Kintom.

4.4 Description of Activity Implementation

4.4.1 Project Name and Location

The activity Name is Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro –

Kintom Gas Piping; the activity is located in Block Senoro Toili Mining

Concession Territory and administratively it is located in Toili, Batui and

Kintom Sub-districts, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province

(Table 4.2 and Picture 4.1).

Table 4.2 Project Names and Locations

No. Name Location according to Sub-district Administrative Territory

1. Senoro Field (well, processing station, flow line & supporting facilities) Toili and Batui



2. Gas and Condensate Transmission Pipe a. CPF Senoro – Kintom Gas Salespoint Batui and Kitom b. CPF Senoro – Condensate Salespoint Toili

Source : JOB Pertamina – Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi, 2005

4.4.2 Type of Activity Plan

Generally, development activity plan that will be implemented

comprises:

• Construction of central processing facilities (CPF) with a

maximum operation capacity of ± 250 MMSCFD (2 trains), and

supporting facilities for gas and condensate processing,

separation of H2S concentration and produced water

management;

• Production and gas use details are 230 MMSCFD of gas which

meets gas sales specification to be transmitted to buyer in Kintom

Sub-district, 10 MMSCFD for own use, and 10,000 BCPD of

condensate (side product) for sales through shipping;

• Conducting re-entry to 3 exploration wells, namely wells Senoro

#1, Senoro #2, and Senoro #3, undertaking appraisal drilling of

well Senoro #4 and development drilling of wells Senoro #5 to

Senoro #9, which will become 5 clusters;



• Construction of 5 cluster stations, including installation of flow line

manifold and trunk line with diameter of 8” from cluster station to

CPF at Senoro #2;

• Installation of 24” gas pipes from CPF to Kintom for as long as ±

40 km; currently gas supply is planned for PT Panca Amara

Utama – Ammonia in Uso Village and PT Maleo Energi Utama

and Mini LNG Ltd. – LNG in Kintom Sub-district;

• Installation of condensate pipe with a diameter of 8” from Senoro

CPF to the jetty for as long as ± 3 km and the construction of

reservoir facility (tank) of 2 x 60,000 bbls condensate. The

condensate will be shipped to the buyer outside Central Sulawesi

area;

• Construction of special port for the shipping of condensate;

• Installation of gas metering at custody of transfer points;

furthermore the gas will be transferred to the buyer. The transfer

of condensate to buyer will be done at special jetty metering;

• Construction of supporting facilities, such as: office, clean water

facility, power generator, fire extinguishing facility, and

accommodation infrastructure.



4.4.2 Period of Activity

Development activity is divided into several phases, namely pre-

construction, construction, operational and post operational for as long

as 21 years (2004 – 2035). The details are given in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3 Activity Period

Year No. Activity Phase

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 … 2035 1 Pre-construction 2 Construction 3 Operational 4 Post Operational

4.4.4 Total Area of Project Site

Senoro Gas Field development activity requires a total land area of ±

220 ha, each for project site, production facility and pipeline ROW. The

land allocation for each facility is given in Table 4.4.

Table 4.4 Land Need for Senoro Gas Field Development

No. Allocation Total Area (ha) Land Status 1. 5 clusters of Senoro wells @ 5 ha 25.0 Acquired ± 20 ha, not yet acquired 5 ha 2. 8” trunk line 22.8 Not yet acquired 3. Transmission line 100.0 Not yet acquired 4. Condensate pipe 3.6 Not yet acquired 5. Condensate stockpiling facility and

shipping jetty facility 2.0 Not yet acquired

6. CPF facility 20.0 Acquired 12 ha Source: JOB PERTAMINA – MEDCO I, 2005



4.4.4 Production Capacity

Gas production operation is planned to reach ± 240 MMSCFD, with a

total condensate of ± 10,000 BCPD and produced water of around 91

BWPD (Barrels Water per Day) at the beginning of production up to

8,000 BWPD at peak time. Gas composition before the process is

given in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5 Gas Composition of Senoro Gas Field

No. Gas Composition Unit Quantity 1. Hydrogen oxide (H2) BWPD Water saturated 2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) %-mol 1.80 3. Hydrogen sulfide (H2) PPMV 600 4. Nitrogen %-mol 0.87 5. C1 (Methane) %-mol 86.87 6. C2 (Ethane) %-mol 4.14 7. C3 (Propane) %-mol 2.07 8. i-C4 (Iso-Butane) %-mol 0.48 9. n-C4 (N-Butane) %-mol 0.73 10. i-C5 (Iso-Pentane) %-mol 0.42 11. n-C5 (N-Pentane) %-mol 0.34 12. C6 (Hexane) %-mol 0.43 13. C7 (Heptane) %-mol 0.47 14. C8 (Octane) %-mol 0.48 15. C9 (Nonanes) %-mol 0.31 16. C10 (Decanes) %-mol 0.20 17. C11 (Undecanes plus) %-mol 0.33

Total 100 Source: JOB PERTAMINA – MEDCO E&P TOMORI SULAWESI, 2005

4.4.4 Type of Energy and Water Sources

Type of main energy source to sustain the operation of production

facility is:



* Gas fuel for genset, compressor power, and power generator will be

taken from production result, for own use, around 10 MMSCFD;

* Two units of gas fueled generator, each with a capacity of 400 KVA,

one will be used as reserve;

* One unit of oil fueled generator, prepared for emergency situation.

Details of water need are given in Table 4.6.

Table 4.6 Estimation of Water Need

Water Need No. Allocation Measurement Amount (m3)

A. Construction Phase 1. Well drilling and re-entry / wells 20 m3 x 21 days 420 2. Hydrostatic test 12,342 * CPF – Kintom Gas Pipe (40 km – D 24”) 11,520 * CPF – Special Port Condensate Pipe (3 km – D 8”) 480 * Flow line cluster – CPF (19 km – D 8”) 342

B. Operational Phase 25 / day Source: JOB PERTAMINA – MEDCO E&P TOMORI SULAWESI, 2005

Note: D = Diameter

Water source to be used are:

* For drilling activity, from Toili and Sinorang Rivers and or their

tributaries;

* For hydrostatic test of Senoro – Kintom pipe, from Sinorang and

Kayowa Rivers; for condensate pipe from CPF to jetty, from

Sinorang River;

* For operational phase, clean water raw material will be taken from

Sinorang River or its tributaries. ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


Water used in hydrostatic test is disposed slowly into the river without

any special treatment, because the test does not use any additives.

4.5 Activity Plan Implementation Phases

4.5.1 Pre-Construction Phase

Activities to be implemented during the pre-construction phase consist

of permitting and land procurement.

4.5.1.1 Permitting

Prior to execution of development activities, permitting from

authorized parties must be settled. The permitting process is

done through the following institutions:

* Oil and Gas Executive Agency (BPMIGAS), as a follow

up from activity plan outlined under Plan of Development

(POD);

* Directorate General of Oil and Gas, for technical permit of

development activity implementation;

* Department of Forestry, for borrow-use permit of

production and conservation forest area;

* Governments of Central Sulawesi Province and Banggai

Regency, related to permits that need to be cleared as



regulated under Regional Regulations and / or

Governor’s / Regent’s Decree;

* Department of Forestry, for borrow-use permit of

Bangkiriang Animal Conservation forest area to be used

as project site, according to Law No. 41/1999 regarding

Forestry, Government Regulation No. 34/2002 regarding

Forest Management and Formulation of Management,

Utilization and Use Plans of Forest Area, and Decree of

Forestry Minister No. 55/Kpts-II/1994 in conjunction with

No. 41/Kpts-II/1996 regarding Amendment to Article 16,

in conjunction with No. 614/Kpts-II/1997 regarding

Amendment to Articles 8 and 18 of the Decree of Forestry

Minister No. 55/Kpts-II/1994 regarding Guidelines for

Borrow-Use of Forest Area;

* PT Kurnia Luwuk Sejati, for coordination of land use and

stand compensation in plantation work area which will be

imposed by project site.

4.5.1.2 Land and Crops Acquisition

Land needed for development plan site will be obtained

through land and crops acquisition. Attempts will be taken

so that activity plan development will not pass settlement

area. Land acquisition and crops compensation processes

will refer to applicable regional regulations or local market



prices. Agreement will be attained through amicable

discussions, while payment will be made directly to each

entitled land / crops owner.

4.5.2 Construction Phase

4.5.2.1 Equipment / Material Mobilization and Demobilization

Mobilization of equipment / materials for gas field

development will use sea and land transportation services to

activity plan site. Sea transportation service will use barge

tugged by tug boat, while land transportation will use heavy

vehicles, such as low bed trailer, truck, forklift, crane, etc.

Transportation load during on-ground mobilization /

demobilization implementation will be made according to

existing road class. If transporting vehicles pass by road

with lower classes, improvement will be done by fixing or

hardening the road. In case urgently needed, construction of

new road suitable with the class will be taken into

consideration.

4.5.2.2 Land Clearing and Preparation

Land clearing and preparation activities consist of:



* Tree and shrub cutting and clearing in project site plan

are done only in total area according to land need and

allocation;

* Leveling and stockpiling will be done for maturation of

land to be used for facility construction site (Table 4.4).

Stockpiling materials will not be imported from other

areas, but will use materials produced by leveling of

undulating areas along pipe ROW through cut and fill.

Cut and fill will be done as slightly slope as possible so

that no cutting of steep areas will take place excessively;

* At ROW cutting through natural drainage and or rivers

whose width is ≤ 2.0 m, water channels and bridges will

be put up to hamper water flow pattern. Water channel

and bridge construction sketch is shown in Picture 4.2

4.5.2.3 Construction of Production Facilities

Engineering design in the construction plan of the entire

production facilities is based on technical considerations and

specific local natural conditions, such as: seismic condition,

local land condition, environmental condition, land allocation,

etc.

Area where the production facilities will be constructed is

located in seismic zone, so that in designing, this condition



will be the main base. With regard to design philosophy,

seismic zone is determined, among others, from the

following sources and instruments:

* Division of seismic zones according to Indonesian

National Standard 1726-1998;

* Data from USGS (US Geological Survey) and other

sources;

* Seismographic data in the nearest areas to find out soil

acceleration (g) and vibrating period (T) as design

property (Banggai);

* Weight (Wepicentrum) and height (Hepicentrum) to calculate

gaya geser dasar (Vh);

* By taking those empiric factors into the design, it is

expected that the building / structure will be able to

sustain potential seismic force;

Practical anticipation taken includes:

* To implement piling foundation design appropriate for

heavy and tall equipment;

* To conduct a more thorough follow up survey to avoid

potential to lay structure and pipeline exactly on the

active faults;



* To undertake a more thorough survey on soil structure

condition below the pipeline and foundation using

geotechnical survey to prevent potential landslide;

* To perform design simulation by using acceleration

record (g) and vibrating period (T).

By taking all the above aspects into the design, structure

failure possibility can be eliminated.

Process system and equipment to be constructed at Senoro

CPF consist of:

* Construction of 5 slots of flow line inlet manifold;

* Gas cooler to cool down gas temperature from 250 ºF to

120 ºF so that the gas can be processed for CO2

disposal and dehydration;

* Testing separator and production separator;

* Acid gas cleaning unit, namely by using MDEA (methyl

diethanol amine) solvent to reduce CO2 concentration

from 38% to < 4% and H2S from 600 ppmv to < 4 ppmv

by using LO-CAT Technology;

* TEG dehydration unit to reduce water steam

concentration to < 10 lb / MMSCF;



* Incinerator system to eliminate H2S concentration

contained in CO2-rich flow produced from MDEA unit,

before CO2 venting to the atmosphere;

* Flare knockout drum and flare stack to burn the gas from

emergency pressure or controlled de-pressuring;

* Construction of condensate storage facility in CPF area

consisting of 2 tanks each with a capacity of 30,000 Bbls;

* Supporting facilities to be constructed consist of drainage

(sewage) at process plant and surface flow, clean water

installation, administration room, communication

infrastructure, fire extinguishing facility, workshop /

garage, warehouse and employees’ accommodation

facility;

* Utility system which consists of power generator, gas fuel,

firewater, and air instrument.

Placement of CPF location at the beginning had 2

alternatives, namely:

* Alternative #1 CPF is constructed in cluster #2 where the

land needed for facility construction is already made

available for 13 ha (56% of the total need). The distance

of CPF site plan from the settlement area is around 500

meters; in terms of safety, this distance still meets the



safety standard. Material needed for backfilling is around

200,000 m3, additional river crossing by transmission line

at 3 (three) places. CPF location in cluster #2 is located

around the nearest 5 clusters. Location height is 4.57 m

from sea level / surface;

* Alternative #2 CPF is constructed in cluster #1, land

made available is only 1 ha (4% of the total need). The

distance of CPF site plan from the nearest settlement

area is around 1.5 km. Material needed for backfilling is

around 400,000 m3 (2 x the need of alternative #1).

Additional river crossing by transmission line is at 5 (five)

places. CPF location in cluster #1 is located around the

nearest 3 clusters. Location height is 2.43 m from sea

level / surface.

In the development, alternative #1 has been chosen out of

the 2 (two) alternatives, namely CPD is constructed around

Senoro cluster #2, by considering land availability, relatively

sufficient safe distance from settlement area, location height

from sea level / surface, distance from other clusters which is

relatively closer.



4.5.2.4 Piping

a. Pipe Design

Pipe selection and installation designs will refer to several

standards, not only those made by the Government, but

also international standards and those standardized by

MEPI, namely:

1) Standards from the Government and Directorate

General of Oil and Gas:

* Department of Mining and Energy regarding

Natural Oil and Gas No. 01/P/M/PERTAMB./1980;

* Regulation of the Directorate General of Oil and

Gas, namely Standard of Oil and Gas Mining

(SPM, 1992) 50.54.0 – 50.54.1;

2) International Standards:

* API 5L – Specification for Pipeline;

* API RP 1102 – Steel Pipeline Crossing Railroad

and Highways;

* API 1104 – Welding of Pipeline and Related

Facilities;



* ASME B31.8 – Gas Distribution and

Transportation Piping System;

* ASME B16.5 – Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings,

Steel Nickel Alloy and Other Special Alloy;

* DNV RP 0169 – Cathodic Protection Design;

* NACE (National Association of Corrosion

Engineers) RP0169 – Control of External

Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic

and Other Special Alloy;

3) MEPI Standards:

* MEP-L-ES 001 – Pipeline Construction;

* MEP-L-ES 002 – Pipeline Launcher and Receiver;

* MEP-L-ES 003 – Machine Applied Anti-Corrosion

Coating from Buried Pipe;

* MEP-L-ES 004 – Hand Applied Anti-Corrosion

Coating for Buried Pipe;

* MEP-L-ES 005 – Machine Applied Reinforced

Concrete Weight Coating for Steel Pipe;

* MEP-L-ES 006 – Welding Steel Pipe;



* MEP-L-ES 007 – Field Pressure Testing of

Pipeline;

* MEP-L-ES 008 – Long Radius Bend;

* MEP-L-ES 009 – Swho Fabricated Bend;

Pipe design can technically be operated at least for 30

years. For that, various factors have been carefully

considered, starting from pipe design, up to construction

and operational, so that target and objective can be well

attained and safety factor can be optimized. One of the

things that need to be considered is pipe hydraulic

calculation. Yet, it will not specifically be analyzed in

ANDAL because it is part of technical assessment.

Pipes are connected by welding system undertaken by

certified manpower. To guarantee welding quality, X-ray

test will be carried out. Furthermore, pipe surface will be

cleaned and wrapped by leaving some space for welding

connection. After that, pipe will be cleaned and

hydrostatically tested.

Pipe securing system towards corrosion rate is done by

putting on coalter enamel coating and cathodic protection

using anode system. At certain interval, check points are

put up to measure cathodic protection system to pipes.



In corrosion survey, observation to sensitivity, soil

resistivity, soil composition and pH are also conducted.

Trunk line channel pipes from wells that still distribute

Acid gas (gas that still contains corrosive materials –

H2S) will be made of pipe type with special material

which is resistant to corrosion (Acid gas) according to

work pressure, corrosion rate and operation life time.

b. Pipe Installation

Pipe installation refers to the Decree of Mining and

Energy Minister No. 300.K/38/M.PE/1997 regarding Work

Safety for Oil and Gas Distribution. ROW width for

pipeline is 25 m and for flow line is 20 m, each will be

buried as deep as ± 2 m underground.

The hole to bury the pipes is bored using a five trencher

tools so that the hole will look like a ditch with a depth of

± 2 m. The soil from the boring will be put on one side

along the line for backfilling. The bottom of the hole will

firstly be covered with sand or loose soil (free from hard

materials, such as rocks and iron, which can damage

pipe wrap).

Pipes crossing river will be buried for as deep as ± 2 m

under the surface of river bed so that it will not hamper

river flow in case of flood during rain. Meanwhile, pipes



which cross the road will be buried through horizontal

boring or auger boring method from the holes made on

the two sides around the road area border.

Installation of pipe which cross big river will be done

through an open system, where the boring will be made

as slightly slope as possible by using heavy equipment,

such as back hoe. In river crossing boring location, a

holding net will be installed so that boring soil will not

pollute river body. River bed boring materials will include

sand and gravels, so that turbidity pollution will only incur

within limited distance.

Pipeline which crosses irrigation channel made of

concrete construction will be installed below the channel

bottom, so it will not disturb the irrigation system. In

certain case, where installation must cross irrigation

channel, it will firstly be coordinated with the related

parties, including farmers who use the water in order to

reach agreement on the construction to be installed

without any disturbance to the irrigation system.

For safety reason, pipes will be provided with concrete

casing and casting. Sketch of pipe installation

construction which crosses river and road each is given in

Table 4.3.



b.1 Flow Line Channel and Trunk line 8”

Production result from the production wells in each

cluster to CPF is distributed through flow line; then

the wells are joined through trunk line 8” in cluster

manifolding until they get to CPF. Trunk line is

installed at ROW for as wide as 12 meters. For the

safety of the surrounding, trunk line lane will be

buried underground for as deep as 1 meter.

Gas flown from the well to CPF is Acid gas which is

corrosive. To avoid corrosion rate, pipe installed in

this part will consist of corrosion resistant pipes,

namely CRA Clad or Lined Steel Pipe. This type of

pipe consists of API pipe spec. 5L on the outside

and the inside is coated with corrosion resistant alloy

(CRA), namely API pipe spec. 5LD grade LC 262.

Trunk line lane from Cluster #3 to CPF will go

through the sea at the depth of > 13 meters, based

on Decree of Mining and Energy Minister No.

300.K/38/M.PE/1997 regarding Work Safety of

Natural Oil and Gas Distribution Pipe, pipe

installation on the ground will be buried at the depth

of 2 meters, while installation in the sea will be at the

depth of ≥ 13 meters; pipe installation will be laid on

the sea bed and completed with weighting system ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


so the pipe will not dislocate or move away. After

pipe has completely been lain down, pipe will be

completed with Sailing Navigation Aid Facility for

sailing safety aspect, according to the prevailing

laws and regulations.

Trunk line lane of cluster Senoro #3 to CPF has 2

(two) alternatives, namely:

* Alternative #1, trunk line lane from cluster #3 to

CPF for as long as 3.5 km is constructed through

sea to avoid disturbance to Bangkiriang Animal

Conservation Forest;

* Alternative #2, trunk line lane is installed parallel

with the existing provincial road, passing through

Bangkiriang Animal Conservation.

Based on the above condition, alternative #1 (sea)

has become the choice (Picture 4.5), despite higher

difficulty in installation and higher maintenance and

installation cost, it is relatively less troublesome in

permitting procedures. Alternative #2 has easier

installation and lower maintenance and cost, but the

permitting procedures are quite complicated. .



b.2 Gas Channel 24” (Transmission Line)

Gas transmission from CPF to Senoro until the sales

point in (Tangkiang) Kintom is done through

installation of 24” pipe for as long as 40 km. The

pipe will be installed at ROW lane for as wide as 25

meters, according to the applicable Oil and Gas

regulations. Final point in Tangkiang is determined

based on buyer’s presence.

Installation of transmission line from CPF is made

into 2 alternatives, namely:

* Alternative #1, channel is installed straight to

shorten the distance, but areas passed by consist

of higher land (hilly) so that technical difficulty level

is higher and it must be specifically completed with

inspection road;

* Alternative #2, in terms of distance, it is relatively

longer but the areas passed by will be close to the

existing provincial road, so that the installation will

be easier and no inspection road construction is

needed. (Picture 4.4).

From the above 2 (two) alternatives, alternative #1

has been chosen for implementation, by considering

that pressure from the activity plan to community’s



settlement and social pressure to facilities to be

constructed are relatively less (Picture 4.5).

b.2 Condensate Channel 8”

Senoro Field will produce condensate as by-product

up to 10,000 BCPD in maximum gas production

condition which will be marketed through shipping so

that condensate channel needs to be installed from

CPF to shipping location (jetty). Installation of

condensate 8” from processing center to jetty initially

had 3 (three) alternatives, namely:

* Alternative #1, condensate will directly be

transmitted to Nonong Pantai Village for as long as

15 km;

* Alternative #2, condensate will be transmitted to

area around cluster #4 whose distance is relatively

shorter than from CPF to Senoro #2. Here no land

acquisition is needed because the lane can be

installed on the sides of trunk line lane from cluster

#4 to CPF;

* Alternative #3, condensate will be transmitted to

the beach near the location of CPF to be

constructed around cluster #1.



In the development, out of the above three options,

alternative #3, namely in jetty location whose

distance is relatively close to CPF location plan, both

Senoro #1 and Senoro #2, in addition that the

condition of land to be passed by the condensate

channel is relatively in compliance with the

requirements (Picture 4.5).

c. Pigging and Hydrostatic Test

Pigging is cleaning of dirt / dust in the pipe which could

possibly be created during pipe joining. Pigging is done

by putting cleaning tool (polyurethane pig) into the pipe

which will be pushed by the air from the compressor so

that the pig will reach the end of the pipe. Pigging facility

consisting of pig, launcher and pig receiver will be

installed at the front end and rear end. Pigging is done 2

times, namely during pipe joining at each pipe insulation

and after hydrostatic test.

Hydrostatic test is done after the entire pipeline

installation has been completed, which is divided into

several segments. This activity aims to identify pipe

condition (possible leakage and resistance to pressure).

Implementation of hydrostatic test is divided into 2 (two)

segments, namely the first one between CPF and Bakung

Village with water source from Sinorang River; the ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


second segment from Bakung Village to Padang Village

with water source from Kayowa River. Meanwhile, water

source for condensate pipe from CPF Senoro – Special

Port will be from Sinorang River (Table 4.6). Based on

water balance, for segment 1, water will be taken from

Sinorang River whose debit is 2.01 m3/second (173,664

m3/day), while the need is only 4,239 m3 which will be

taken within a period of 3 days (gradually). For segment

2, water will be taken from Kayowa River whose debit is

0.375 m3/second (32,400 m3/day), while the need is only

7,065 m3 which will be taken within a period of 3 days

(gradually).

Water will be pumped into the pipe until it reaches the

given pressure. The pressure will be maintained for a

certain period of time. The tool used is multistage

hydrostatic test pump with an operating capacity of >

2,000 psi. Observation is done by monitoring the

installed manometer and recording the pressure, and

direct inspection along the tested lane.

Water medium for pipe hydrostatic test will not be added

with additives. After the hydrostatic test has been

completed, water can immediately be slowly disposed

back into the water body so that it will not cause drastic

increase in water debit and river current. Duration of



water filling and disposal is 4-5 days each. Hydrostatic

test for pipeline 24” CPF-Senoro to Kintom for as long as

40 km requires water of ±11,520 m3, while hydrostatic

test of condensate channel 8” from CPF to jetty facility for

as long as 3 km requires water of ±96 m3. If filling /

disposal process is done within 4 days, filling / disposal

debit will be around 3.5 liters/second each.

To avoid fire / blast, before gas is flown into the pipe, the

pipe will be firstly filled with nitrogen (N2) until the oxygen

concentration at the end of the pipe goes down until < 3%

(measured using oxygen detector).

4.5.2.5 Construction Workers

Implementation of activities during the construction phase

will use workers according to the specification (skills) needed

in each type of activities. Total number and qualification of

workers to be recruited will be according to the type of

activities in the construction activity. Worker recruitment

mechanism will be handled directly by the contractor; JOB

Pertamina-Medco Tomori Sulawesi will supervise and

monitor the recruitment.



4.5.2.6 Well Drilling

a. Well Drilling Plan

Drilling of development wells is done gradually; the first

stage is until year 2008 with total number of drilled wells

of 9 wells to meet gas supply of 240 MMSCFD. Other

drilling will be done to maintain natural production

decrease rate, namely in 2012 three wells will be drilled,

in 2019 five wells will be drilled, and in 2021 four wells will

be drilled, so the total will be 21 wells. The details can be

seen in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7 Well Drilling Plan in Senoro Field

Cluster Coordinate Cluster Number East Longitude South Latitude

Total Number Of Wells Remarks

1 122º 28’ 25.144” 01º 23’ 16.903” 3 W #1 has been drilled 2 122º 27’ 01.440” 01º 23’ 33.970” 4 W #2 has been drilled 3 122º 24’ 23.175” 01º 26’ 05.322” 7 W #3 has been drilled 4 122º 26’ 08.270” 01º 25’ 09.020” 1 5 122º 27’ 37.204” 01º 22’ 03.920” 6

Total 21 Source: JOB PERTAMINA-MEDCO, 2005

The rig used for drilling is land rig whose capacity is

according to the planned drilling program. Drilling

equipment has been completed with blow out preventing

device, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), and

emergency response plan, shallow gas as regulated



under Indonesian National Standard 13.6.910.2002

regarding Safe Ground and Offshore Drilling Operation in

Indonesia (National Standardization Agency, 2002).

Layout of drilling location is presented in Picture 4.6.

b. Preparation of Drilling Operation

Before drilling activity using cluster system is undertaken,

drilling foundation and its supporting facilities must firstly

be prepared. The preparation consists of several

activities, namely:

1) Installation of Drilling Facility

Main drilling equipment installed is drilling tower with

its supporting facilities, such as activator machine,

mud pumps, compressor, provision of bore pipes and

casing, drilling tools and other supporting facilities. All

drilling tools are carefully assembled according to their

orders so that they will be appropriately ready for

operation.

2) Preparation of bore mud

Obtaining of mud condition which is according to

boring operation function and safety will be done

through procurement of mud as main material and



additional material for mud production. Those

additives consist of, among others:

* Reactive liquid to increase viscosity and density;

* Inert liquid;

* Additives to regulate mud physical and chemical

properties;

* Colloids to increase viscosity;

* Weighting agent to regulate specific gravity.

Additives commonly used in the above drilling

operation are listed down in Table 4.8.

These bore mud additives are added so that mud will

have the desired physical and chemical qualities in

drilling operation process, such as to stabilize well

hole, to balance the pressure in high-pressured

formation, to become bore pit and lifting media of bore

dust to the surface.

Bore mud to be used is water-based mud with

chemical additives referring to Regulation of Energy

and Mineral Resources Minister No. 045 Year 2006

regarding Management of Bore Mud, Mud Waste and

Bore Cuttings in Natural Oil and Gas Drilling Activity.



The mud is made in mix tank by mixing mud materials

and water in certain composition.

Table 4.8 Type of Additives to Make Bore Mud

Name of Mud Material Maximum

Concentration (Lb / bbl)

Maximum Concentration

(ppm)

SPP Toxicity 96-Hr LC 50 (ppm)

Chemical-Physical Qualities & Other Remarks

Bentonite 15.0 43,000 > 1,000,000 Other name: clay. Barite As needed - > 1,000,000 Mineral which is not harmful

and has very stable chemical quality.

Potassium Hydroxide – KOH

2.0 5,750 800,000 pH regulator.

Caustic Soda – NaOH 2.0 575 > 1,000,000 pH regulator. Starch 2.0 7,200 > 1,000,000 Bio-degradable, made of

potatoes or corn. Drispac 0.5 1,440 > 1,000,000 Modified cellulose

derivative. XC-Polymer 0.5 1,440 > 1,000,000 Used only when needed. Milspot 700,000 Used to release squeezed /

pinched pipe, used only on squeezed / pinched part.

Coconut husk, mica, etc. Used if mud loses formation. Source: JOB PERTAMINA-MEDCO

Type of mud used in production well drilling is the

same with the one used in exploration drilling and

delineation, namely water-based bore mud, where the

mud material used has been completed with MSDS.

Total amount of mud provided is made according to

the need, which consists of volume of hole, total

amount of mud in the basin for reconditioning and

circulation and leakage incurring during assembling-

disassembling of the installation and anticipation of

losing of circulation into the formation. ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


For example, in the implementation of Senoro #4

exploration well drilling, casing program is as follows:

* Conductor casing 20” until the depth of ±150 feet;

* Casing 13 3/8” until the depth of 2,000 feet;

* Casing 9 5/8” until the depth of 5,900 feet;

* Production casing with diameter of 7” until the final

depth (TD) of ±8,450 feet

Final depth of each development well will be decided

during the formulation of drilling program.

To contain drilling waste so it will not disperse into the

environment, drilling waste pit will be constructed

using close circuit system. In the previous exploration

drilling in Senoro Field, TCLP and LD50 test results

on used mud and bore cuttings show that hazardous

and toxic material concentration has not exceeded the

quality standard (Attachment 6. TCLP Test Result of

Senoro #4).

c. Drilling Operation


Development wells will be drilling using directional drilling

system with Tomori as the formation target so the needs

for drilling mud and other tools can be adjusted according

to the target depth.



Drilling mud is pumped into the well through stand pipe

and drilling string. While drilling is taking place, bore

cuttings will be lifted to the surface through annulus

together with bore mud. Mud and cuttings will be flown to

shale shaker to screen the carried cuttings, while the mud

will be circulated back into the well. Bore waste, which

consists of cuttings and bore mud remainder, is

channeled into bore waste pit.

d. Well Completion

Well completion takes place at the end of drilling phase

and is done through installation. Production casing (liner)

will then be cemented. Interval estimated to contain

hydrocarbon will be isolated using packer. Furthermore,

the surface will be fixed with supporting equipment (well

head). This phase will be followed with perforating of

casing production using perforation gun. The purpose is

so that hydrocarbon from outside the production casing

can flow inside. If perforation result does not have

sufficient pressure which can flow hydrocarbon to the

surface, stimulation will be done to increase rock

permeability.



e. Bore Cuttings and Used Bore Mud Management

Bore cuttings resulted from the drilling will be flown to the

surface and filtered through shale shaker which will

separate bore cuttings from bore mud. Total amount of

bore cuttings resulted from the drilling of one analogue

well of Senoro #4 well with Tomori as the formation target

is around 145 – 150 m3. Bore cuttings and used bore

mud in the mud pit with a capacity higher than the

quantity of the produced waste (Picture 4.7). Mud pit will

be constructed through mechanical digging and

compacting; avoiding seepage to the environment is done

through coating using HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)

sheet.

Handling of bore cuttings and used bore mud in this

activity will refer to Regulation of Energy and Mineral

Resources Minister No. 045 of 2006.

f. Drilling Operation Workers

Local workers that can be recruited for drilling activity are

relatively limited because some work types require

special skills and specification as regulated under the

Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources Minister No.

07/P/075/MPE/1991 regarding Certification of Natural Oil

and Gas Mining Specific Technical Personnel and



Management of Geothermal Resources, and Regulation

of Oil and Gas Director General No.

017/P/123/D.DJM/1989 regarding Procedures and

Requirements for Certification of Drilling Specific

Technical Personnel; hence, local workers that can be

recruited are only for activities other than the above-

mentioned provisions.

With regard to labor qualifications, workers compulsory to

have certificates are regulated under: Indonesian

National Standard (SNI) 13-6552-2001 regarding

Competence of Specific Technical Personnel in Oil and

Gas in the Area of Drilling; SNI 13-6562-2001 regarding

Competence of Specific Technical Personnel in Oil and

Gas in the Area of Safety; and SNI 13-6564-2001

regarding Environmental Management System.

4.5.2.7 Shipping Port Construction

Condensate produced by Senoro Field will be sent to the

port using 8” pipe channel before further being sent to

outside the region using barge. This is due to unavailability

of local market.

Condensate transportation will be done using 40,000-bbls

tanker, with a maximum frequency of once every 3 days



during peak production; this is because the capacity of

existing tank available at the port is only 2 x 60,000 barrels.

Condensate transportation is through inter-island shipping to

the port of buyer’s location or to refinery that can receive

condensate product for further process.

In the preliminary identification, there are 3 (three)

alternatives of jetty site plan, namely:

* Alternative #1, jetty site is located in Nonong Village,

which has the history of owning a port. One-time

observation result shows that there are coral reefs in that

area;

* Alternative #2, jetty site is located around cluster #4

where ROW lane to CPF is located so that no new ROW

from CPF to the jetty site plan is needed. Further

analysis shows that the area borders with Bangkiriang

Animal Conservation;

* Alternative #3, jetty site is located around Senoro #1 or

Senoro #2 which is considered to be more feasible in

case of change in CPF location.

Out of the above 3 alternatives, after paying attention to

existing development of not only CPF location option, but

also other environmental aspects, such as existence of coral



reef and Bangkiriang Animal Conservation, alternative #3

has been chosen to be the jetty site around the coordinates

of X = 440139 and Y = 9844208 of UTM 51 Zone (Sinorang

Pantai Village).

Facilities to be constructed consist of jetty and condensate

reservoir facility with a capacity of 2 x 60,000 bbls, and other

supporting facilities, such as pumping / filling facility, piping

facility, metering facility, filling channel, fire extinguishing

facility, standby and operation rooms.

Condensate custody of transfer to transporting party is

located after metering station. During loading process,

container equipment will be provided to anticipate

condensate spill that could possibly incur during filling

channel opening and closing.

Jetty is constructed using 24” steel piling construction, with

pile length of 35 m. The total number of piles for the platform

is 6 piles. Platform height will be ± 2.5 m above the average

lowest water surface (mLWS). As operational requirement,

the jetty will be equipped with trestle, berthing dolphin,

mooring dolphin, catwalk, fender, and bolder.



a. Trestle

Trestle will be 50 m long and 6.0 m wide and will be

constructed using 24” steel piling construction, with pile

length of 35 m.

b. Berthing Dolphin

2 (two) berthing dolphins will be constructed, one on each

side of the platform (left and right). Berthing dolphin

functions as boat mooring and berthing point. This facility

will have dimension of 6.6 x 5.0 m2 and be completed

with rubber fender functioning to muffle and protect

berthing dolphin from friction with the boat / barge. The

pile to be used will have a diameter of 24” with a length of

35 m. The pile will be planted in a depth of ± 23 m below

the bottom surface.

Table 4.9 Specifications of Loading Jetty and Operational Jetty

Specification Remarks / Dimension 1. Type of Jetty Platform * Dimension 6.0 x 10.0 m2 * Construction Steel pile 2. Depth - 15 meters LWS 3. Trestle * Dimension 6.0 x 38.0 m2 * Construction Steel pile 4. Catwalk * Dimension 1.0 x 33.8 m2 * Construction Steel pile



5. Berthing Dolphin 2 units * Dimension 5.0 x 6.0 m2 * Construction Steel pile * Bolder 2 units, capacity of 60 tons * Fender 2 units, Capillepidium type 6. Mooring Dolphin 4 units * Dimension 3.30 x 3.30 m2 * Construction Steel pile * Bolder 4 units, capacity of 60 tons 7. Rubber Fender -

c. Mooring Dolphin

4 (four) units of mooring dolphin will be constructed, two

on each side of the platform (left and right). Mooring

dolphin functions to moor the boat / barge (not to berth it).

This facility will have dimension of 3.3 x 3.3 m2. The pile

to be used will have a diameter of 24” with a length of 35

m. The pile will be planted in a depth of ± 23 m below the

bottom surface.

Construction activity of condensate shipping port is divided

into 3 (three) phases, namely preparation (pre-construction),

construction, and operational (post construction) phases,

assuming that all permits and requirements have all been

met.

Pre-Construction Phase

1. Land acquisition;



2. Mobilization of working equipment;

3. Mobilization of working materials and tools.

Construction Phase

1. Land maturation;

2. Piling, consists of berthing dolphin and trestle / walkway;

3. Iron frame installation;

4. Grating, walkway (trestle) installation;

5. Fender installation;

6. Construction of two units of condensate reservoir tank of

60,000 bbls;

7. Installation of transfer pump unit;

8. Construction of other facilities, such as genset house,

ADO tank, water tank & treatment, porta camp, metering

and warehouse, loading line, oil spill response facility

such as oil boom, skimmer, absorbent, fire extinguishing

installation, drainage, lighting facility, etc.

Jetty layout and construction are presented in Pictures 4.8,

4.9, 4.10, and 4.11.



Operational Phase (Post Construction)

1. Labor recruitment activity;

2. Production outcome loading and transportation activities;

3. Port environment maintenance;

4. Emergency response.

The land needed for the construction of port and its facilities

will be around 4 ha. (Table 2.3).

4.5.3 Operational Phase

During the operational phase, there are three main activities, namely:

production process, maintenance, and gas and gas transmission.

During the operational phase, total number of local workers that can be

absorbed is relatively limited, because all activities of production facility

operation are conducted through electronic control. Total number of

workers required is around 50 people, consisting of 30 skilled workers

and 20 unskilled workers.



4.5.3.1 Production Process

* Acid gas removal unit, to absorb CO2 concentration in

gas using MDEA (aqueous methyl dithanol amine)

solvent whose process takes place in absorber column;

* Sulfur recovery plant is a changer unit of hydrogen sulfide

in acid gas from amine system into sulfur, so that H2S

concentration in gas from 600 ppmv to become 4 ppmv.

Total quantity of sulfur produced is around 4.2 tons daily

in sale grade quality through LoCat and Sulferox

processes;

* Chemical substances used are:

a. ARI-350 to keep iron ions in the solution so that they

will not rupture and precipitate;

b. ARI-340 to add iron ions;

c. ARI-600 which is used if there are sulfur particles

floating on the surface (antifoam);

d. ARI-400 to hamper the growth of bacteria in the

solution;

e. KOH to maintain pH.



* TEG dehydration and glycol dehydrator units are units

used as dew point control so that it will reach 10 lb /

MMSCF at the most.

* Dew Point Control Unit, is a unit to maintain temperature

of hydrocarbon dew to reach maximum 55 ºF at a

pressure of 350 psig. The process is based on JT valve

expansion and cooling is done through recompression.

Other process is by using propane refrigerating system

will also be taken into consideration in the engineering of

front end engineering design (FEED) in the next phase.

* Gas sales meter (fiscal quality) will be installed to monitor

sales gas flow. The installation is before entering gas

sales pipe.

* Gas custody transfer meter will be installed at Kintom

delivery point. This device will measure gas flow to each

buyer.

* Condensate stabilization unit which consists of flash drum

and stabilizer column will be installed to process

condensate in separation system and at dew point control

unit. The condensate produced will be around maximum

10,000 BCFD. This amount will decrease to 2,000 BCFD

after 15-year operation.



* Two (2) units of condensate storing tank will be

constructed at Senoro Gas Plant with a capacity of 2 x

30,000 bbls and in laydown area (Jetty area) with a

capacity of 2 x 60,000 bbls.

* Produced water as a result of separation process at

Waste Water Treatment Installation will be disposed to

the nearest beach through pipeline (waste water quality is

according to the Decree of Environment Minister No.

42/MENLH/10/1996).

* Incineration system will be used under emergency

circumstances if sulfur plant is not available. This

process is to remove H2S concentration using heat

system, which is still contained in high amount by CO2

flow, produced by MDEA process before CO2 is released

into the air.

* Flare knock out drum and flare stack to burn gas from

extra pressure relieve valve or from pressure control

system.

* Utility system, which consists of power generator, gas for

fuel, fire extinguishing water and wind compressor for

instruments.



4.5.3.2 H2S Removal

When gas production reaches maximum 250 MMSCFD,

Senoro Field will produce solid sulfur for around 4.2 tons

every day. This gas contains CO2 < 2%, but H2S

concentration of around 600 ppmv. The limit for H2S

disposal into the air is 70 ppmv and gas sales requirement is

even lower. To meet those requirements, treatment facility

to change H2S to solid product through H2S Removal

Facility will be constructed (Picture 4.14).

Separation process of sulfur concentration in acid gas is

done through several methods, such as Solid bed absorption

and Chemical solvent.

Solid bed absorption is a process that cannot be regenerated

and it will produce remaining solid bed absorption which will

become waste and must be disposed or replaced periodically,

and special handling of solid bed absorption is required.

Chemical solvent is a process by using chemical substance,

so that not waste will be produced by the operation. Hence,

process using this solvent chemical system has become the

choice in H2S Removal Process in Senoro Field.

Acid gas will have a contact / collision with liquid solution in

the scrubber. The solution contains Fe(III)-ions in the form of

ligand / chelate compound. Fe-chemical solution will oxidize



hydrogen sulfide to form stable sulfur solid. This chemical

solution contains Fe(II)-ions and will be oxidized to become

Fe(III)-ions by the air flown into the oxidizing / regenerating

container. Furthermore, Fe-ligand regenerated solution

concentration will be circulated into the scrubber. This liquid

redox process takes place at low pressure. Therefore,

preliminary acid gas holder system, such as amine system,

will be installed at the upstream part of Sulfur Removal unit.

Amine unit is a process commonly used to remove acid gas

(H2S) in gas production operation. To maximize H2S

absorption and to minimize CO2 absorption, process unit to

be used in Senoro Field is LO-CAT Process.

LO-CAT Process is a low operation cost isotopic method to

carry out Clau modification reaction, namely H2S + ½ O2

H2O + S.

Reaction takes place in the form of liquid phase using iron

chelate as catalyst regent. Chelate regent is an organic

component insulating iron ions in a form like claws forming

chemical bond between two or more non-iron atoms and iron

atoms. This system is typically operated at medium alkaline

pH level to obtain effective H2S absorption to become

catalyst solution. The entire LO-CAT system has three

different functions, namely as absorber, oxidizer, and sulfur

handling. Absorption by tangent in this design consists of an ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


automatic circulation unit with a spurged absorber. In the

absorber ion catalyst will change H2S into sulfur element.

When treated gas leaves the absorber, reduced iron catalyst

solution with sulfur element enter the oxidizer; afterwards,

the catalyst will be regenerated and sulfur will precipitate at

the bottom of the cone-shaped oxidizing container.

From this container, liquid sulfur will be pumped into the

band-shaped filter to produce sulfurcake with sulfur

concentration of 60%; the separated LO-CAT solution will be

sent back into the oxidizer. LO-CAT unit in this application is

designed to be able to separate more than 99.99% H2S, to

leave out around 4 ppmv H2S in the gas / air flow ventilated /

released into the air.

Management (packaging, storage, utilization and processing)

of solid / elemental sulfur as a production result of as much

as 4.2 tons / day will be in compliance with the regulations in

environmental management, namely Government Regulation

No. 18 in conjunction with Government Regulation No. 85

Year 1999.

At Gas Processing Plant there will be no separation of gas

fraction, there will only be separation of liquid and gas

phases. C3 and C4 will be in the form of gas phase in the

separation stage, operation temperature will be controlled by

DEW unit point, while in delivery maximum temperature will ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


be 90 ºF (still in the form of gas phase) so that no two-phase

flow will incur.

CPF is designed to manage the entire wet gas production for

up to maximum 250 MMSCFD. To meet this capacity 2 (two)

trains will be constructed with a capacity of 125 MMSCFD

each.

Infrastructure buildings will consist of operation controller, fire

extinguisher station, sulfur storing warehouse, administration

building, maintenance building, warehouse facility, roads

around processing area, and pipeline inspection road.

4.5.3.3 Maintenance

Maintenance activity of production facilities is done

periodically whose time depends on the type of each

production equipment, such as maintenance of compressor,

generator, pump, production well, pipes, and roads. This

maintenance activity aims to clean dirt, repair and / or

replacement.

a. Tank Maintenance

Oil stored in 2 tanks of 60,000 bbls is condensate

processed through mechanical separation from gas, so

that condensate is included as white product. This



condition allows minimum sedimentation at the tank

bottom (sludge) with a relatively rare frequency.

The amount of basic sediment is determined through

measuring of Basic Sediment and Water – BS&W EDA

whose samples can be taken by operator and checked

with centrifugal device. The amount of BS&W will

determine the time for tank cleaning.

Sludge maintenance is decided by characteristics of

laboratory analysis result. If the result falls in the criteria

of hazardous and toxic materials, tank cleaning work and

sludge maintenance will be done by the party authorized

by the Environment Ministry. If it does not fall in the

criteria of hazardous and toxic materials, sludge will be

maintained as regular waste, stored or destroyed through

incineration.

Before hazardous and toxic wastes are given to a third

party, the company will collect and store the wastes in a

certain place or in a certain container. Collecting, storing,

labeling, transporting and handing over procedures to a

third party are done according to several regulations on

Management of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes, such as:

* Decree of the Head of Environmental Impact

Management Agency No. 01 / 1995 regarding



Technical Procedures and Requirements for Storing

and Collecting of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes;


Management Agency No. 02 / 1995 regarding Waste

Document;


Management Agency No. 05 / 1995 regarding

Symbols and Label of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes.

b. Well and Pipe Maintenance

Well maintenance is done on the surface and sub-surface

facilities; maintenance of surface facility usually consists

of cluster cleaning, maintenance of leaking kerangan-

kerangan, monometer and painting. Maintenance of

sub-surface is usually related to production rate.

Disturbance usually happens if there is any scale

sediment in blast pipe, blocked formation, etc.

Maintenance of sub-surface equipment usually involves

maintenance tower, because blast pipes and other sub-

surface equipment units must be lifted.

Pipe maintenance is done to the condition of disturbed

channels, such as leakage, slide, and external

disturbances, such as vehicle traffic. Routine

maintenance that has been done includes inspection of



pipe thickness, cathodic prevention condition, re-checking

of pipe insulation condition, ROW inspection, and periodic

pigging (pipe cleaning).

c. Other Maintenance

Wastes produced from maintenance and employees’

activities are divided into industrial and domestic wastes.

c.1 Industrial Wastes

Industrial wastes which are not included as hazardous

and toxic wastes, such as iron bars, wires, used

lamps / lights, plastic drums, will be collected in waste

basket and placed in a designated location to be

utilized or donated. Meanwhile, industrial wastes

which are included as hazardous and toxic wastes or

contaminated by hazardous and toxic wastes will be

managed according to regulations from Environment

Ministry, namely Government Regulation No. 18 in

conjunction with Government Regulation No. 85 Year

1999 and Decree of the Head of Environmental

Impact Management Agency No. 1 to 5 Years 1999.

c.2 Domestic Wastes

Domestic wastes consist of (a) black waste processed

in a septic tank, (b) grey waste directly disposed into



the river after meeting the quality standard (Decree of

Environment Minister No. 112 Year 2003 regarding

Waste Water Quality Standard for Industry and

Domestic), (c) solid waste which can be recycled,

reused or disposed into the final disposal site.

Black waste is humans’ waste water disposed into the

septic tank, if it will be utilized, it will have to go

through certain process. Grey waste is waste water

from bathing, hand washing, and kitchen that can be

disposed into public channel and can still be used for

other purposes, such as plant watering.

Waste from bathing – washing – toileting can be put

into the septic tank provided in each activity site.

Liquid waste from camp activities will firstly be put in a

storing hole, before being flown into the river after

passing through waste filter. Solid waste which

cannot easily be burnt will be put together with

industrial wastes. Organic solid waste which can

easily be burnt will be disposed into the trash bins

provided before being burnt and backfilled with soil.



4.5.3.4 Gas and Condensate Delivery

Gas from Senoro Field will be sent through 24” gas

transmission pipes to PT Panca Amara Utama (ammonia

industry) in Uso Village and PT Maleo Energi Utama and

Mini LNG Ltd. (LNG industries) in Padang Village, Kintom

Sub-district.

Sales Design Specification to be sent to those industries

consists of:

* Senoro Sales Gas Rate : 230 MMSCFD

* Minimum Delivery Pressure : 350 psig (at Tangkiang)

* Carbon Dioxide : 5 vol % max.

* Hydrogen Sulfide : 4 ppmv max.

* Water : 10 lb / MMSCF max.

* Gross Heating Value Range : 950 – 1250 btu / scf

* Condensate Rate : 10,000 BCFD max.

* Condensate RVP : 10 psia

When gas transmission operation has fully come into effect,

the operation system is completed with SCADA which can

monitor and carry out securing action to the entire operation

activities, including if any other operation disturbances incur.



In case of any operation disturbances, SCADA will

automatically take follow up actions based on the programs

that have been designed. Follow up action can be by directly

closing gas flow to a certain location (automatic shutdown

valve), turning off alarms, and shutting down equipment units,

both partially and entirely, depending on the type of

operation disturbances incurring.

SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) is a

control system integrated into the other control systems,

such as Process Control System (PCS), Safety Instrumented

System (SIS), and Gas Detection System (GSD), so that

SCADA can control the entire operation condition, starting

from the upstream (well area, Process Facility area) to

downstream along the pipeline up to gas transfer point at

consumers. Data recorded in SCADA will be used for follow

up actions according to the program or for reporting needs.

SCADA System consists of mechanical technical, electrical,

logical and satellite and microwave telecommunication

systems.

SCADA is built based on basic planning flow made by the

company by arranging Basic Engineering or Front End

Engineering Design (FEED), before the company creates

Engineering Procurement Contract (EPC) to make detailed

engineering, undertake procurement, and implement



construction. Before commissioning, EPC party will prepare

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the operation of the

entire SCADA system, according to the operation system, so

that the SOP will only be ready after the commissioning.

Emergency response is based on Gas Emergency Response

Procedure and Organization Practical Codes, especially for

high-pressured gas transmission emergency.

Alarm system, reporting line procedure, command system in

action implementation, and facilities-infrastructure for

incident response will be made available.

Gas from production wells after going through manifold inlet

will be flown into cooler inlet, before being flown into the

separator (gas liquid separation) for separation gas phase

from liquid phase (produced condensate and water).

Before CO2 as a result of separation from the MDEA unit is

released into the atmosphere, H2S concentration in it will be

reduced by flowing it into incinerator unit in flare knockout

and flare stack units.

CO2 concentration varies around 2% by activating a by-pass

membrane (2-level membrane system) that can re-use

compressing and chemical compound which can effectively

be used together to control CO2 concentration, H2S release,

and maintain water condensing point within the tolerable limit.



Gas produced from refining (of CO2 and H2S concentration)

which has met gas sale standard will be sent through 24”

transmission channel to transfer point in Kintom Sub-district.

Condensate from temporary storage tank at CPF is sent

through 8” pipe to storage tank with a capacity of 2 x 60,000

bbls in the area of special port.

Liquid phase is produced water with a capacity ranging from

1,200 BWPD at the beginning of operation to its peak around

8,000 BWPD. Produced water as a result of separation will

be flown into Waste Water Treatment Installation for handling

of oil concentration and other parameters, so that it will meet

the applicable quality standard of disposal waste before

being released into the environment.

4.5.3.5 Labor of Production Operational Phase

In carrying out various activities during the operational phase,

workers with skills suitable for each type of work will be hired.

Total number and qualification of workers to be recruited will

be made according to the need in operational phase. Labor

recruitment mechanism will be handled directly by the

contractor and or by JOB Pertamina – Medco Tomori

Sulawesi.



4.5.4 Post Operational Phase

4.5.4.1 Well Closure

Production wells which are no longer economic will be closed

permanently, referring to the Indonesia National Standard

13.6.910.2002 regarding Safe On and Off Shore Drilling

Operation in Indonesia (National Standardization Agency,

2002). Cement stopper will be put up according to the

regulations and pressure test will be undertaken. Report of

well location abandoning will be reported to the Directorate

General of Oil and Gas and related institutions. Further

handling of the ex well site will be done according to the

prevailing regulations and by considering spatial plan.

4.5.4.2 Facility Dismantling

Post operational handling will depend on the development; if

the facility must be dismantled, the dismantling will be to the

facilities on and off shore.

The entire dismantled equipment will be demobilized to a

designated location to be utilized in other operational areas

of JOB Pertamina – Medco.

Before dismantling takes place, consultation and

coordination with the Executive Agency of Oil and Gas and



the Directorate General of Oil and Gas have been

undertaken.

If the regulations do not require dismantling of facilities

underground and in the sea, the pipes will be left as they are

after cleaning has taken place to ensure that there are no

materials polluting the environment.

The acquired land will be returned to the Government

through the Executive Agency of Oil and Gas and the

condition will be returned to its initial function.

4.5.4.3 Chemicals Handling

Chemicals which is still unused and still in the package

according to the Material Safety Data (MSDS) will be

allocated to other oil and gas fields under the management

of PT Medco E&P Indonesia. Used chemicals and

hazardous and toxic wastes will be handed over to a third

party authorized to carry out hazardous and toxic waste

treatment.

4.5.4.4 Workers (Post Operational Phase)


Work during this post operational phase will consist of

dismantling and rehabilitation and the implementation will be



given to the contractor. Existing workers consist of

contractor’s workers. JOB Pertamina – Medco Tomori

Sulawesi acts as the supervisor of the activities.

4.6 Pipe Safety and Emergency Response

4.6.1 Pipe Safety

Gas and condensate pipeline is designed in a way to protect pipes and

the environment from disaster and pollution.

Pipeline going into the sea will be completed with emergency shutdown

valve on both sides, in order to isolate pipes in case of leakage. Pipe

depressurization, if needed, will be done through flaring system. SOP

for underwater pipeline will cover the implementation of routine

inspection to identify potential problems that could incur under the sea.

Selection of pipeline should, whenever possible, avoid congested

settlement areas. Pipe will be completed with insulation, corrosion

prevention and will be buried underground to protect from potential

leakage due to damage. Gas flow and pressure are monitored

continuously for pipe leakage indication. If any leakage signs are

detected, operator will immediately implement the assigned SOP

according to the type of incurring incident, especially operation and

isolation system securing acts.



For gas pipeline safety, valve station will be put up around the road

center, completed with vent flare.

For cleaning purpose and other technical operation objectives, the two

ends of gas pipeline will be completed with pig launcher and receiver.

4.6.2 Emergency Response

Emergency response procedures consist of various emergency

situations that could possibly happen, such as:

* Leakage of gas and condensate underground and underwater gas

pipeline which passes through farming / field area or near the

settlement area, underground and close to other public

infrastructure;

* Reckless gas jet;

* Condensate spill;

* Fire;

* Work accident / incident;

* Civil unrest; etc.

JOB Pertamina – Medco has procedures in handling emergency

situations to deal with pipe leakage. The procedure, ERP (Emergency

Response Plan), contains, among others, procedures in handling pipe



leakage, communication network, situation in the field around the

pipeline, existence and placement of equipment and materials used to

deal with pipe leakage.

In addition, it will also be completed with PIM (Pipeline Integrity

Management) System containing guidelines and programs to maintain

pipeline in its primary and safe condition for operation. Data of pipeline

are always updated according to the latest condition.

In brief, PIM is an effort to prevent pipe leakage, while ERP is an effort

to anticipate pipe leakage.

Prevention of emergency is done to CPF facility to protect employees

and environment from disaster and pollution. Elements that can cause

failure will be identified and appropriate prevention standard in applying

applicable standards and codes, in addition to normal operation

procedures which will be inserted into that design.

CPF Facility in Senoro will be completed with safety system and H2S

concentration monitoring system. Protection to unsafe conditions, such

as H2S leakage will be done automatically starting from the provision

of alarm up to shutting down of the entire production operation

activities.




4.7 Other Activities around the Activity Plan Location

Other activities found around the activity plan area are, among others, public

plantation in the north side of the provincial road which connects Luwuk and

Baturube and their surroundings, in addition to oil and gas mining managed

by PT Pertamina.

a. Plantation

Plantation work area whose most area will be imposed by the plan of

Senoro Gas Field development, including its transmission pipeline, is oil

palm plantation owned by PT Kirana Luwuk Sejati, which also includes a

processing unit.

b. Mining

Natural oil and gas mining activity consists of exploration activity by PT

Pertamina which has undertaken drilling of several wells.

In Banggai Regency, there is a gold mine run by the people of Nanga-

nangaun Village in Bunta Sub-district and nickel mine in Siuna Village,

Pagimana Sub-district. .


5. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE

5.1 Geophysical-Chemical Environmental Component

5.1.1 Climate, Air Quality and Noise

5.1.1.1 Climate

Activity site is in an area with medium rainfall where average

annual rainfall is 1,165 mm and clear distinction of wet and

dry seasons. Wet season lasts from March to July with

rainfall ranging from 116 mm in April to 159 mm in July

(Table 5.1). Dry season lasts from September to November

with the lowest rainfall is 38 mm in October. August is the

transitional month from wet season to dry season and

December – February are the transitional months from dry

season to wet season.

According to its location which is around the equator, the

temperature is relatively high throughout the year. Average

temperature ranges from 25.9 ºC in July to 28.5 ºC in

November. Minimum temperature ranges from 23.4 ºC in

June and July to 24.7 ºC in November and February. The

highest or maximum temperature ranges from 28.7 ºC in July

and August to 31.4 ºC in December and January.

Relative humidity is relatively high throughout the year

because activity location is along the coast of Banggai



Regency. The lowest relative humidity is 72% in October

which coincides with dry season and the highest is 81% in

June and July which coincides with wet season.

Irradiation duration also correlates with season; the lowest is

51% in June which coincides with wet season and the

highest is 85% in October which coincides with dry season.

Wind speed ranges from 4.0 knots in December to 6.7 knots

in September. From June to October wind blows from the

West until the South, from November to May West wind is

the most dominant.

Table 5.1 Climate Data from Bubung Luwuk Meteorology Station


Source: Bubung Luwuk Meteorology Station (average from 1996 to 2005)

Notes: Unsur Iklim = Climate Element Lama Penyinaran = Irradiation Duration

Curah Hujan = Rainfall Kecepatan Angin = Wind Speed

Suhu Udara = Temperature Bulan = Month

Rata-rata = Average Ags = August

Maksimum = Maximum Okt = October

Kelembaban Nisbi = Relative Humidity Des = December



Table 5.2 Frequency (%) of Average Monthly Wind from Bubung Luwuk

Airport Climatology Station


Source: Bubung Luwuk Meteorology Station, 2005

Remarks : N = North W = West

NE = Northeast NW = Northwest

E = East C = No Wind

SE = Southeast Arah = Direction

S = South Bulan = Month

SW = Southwest Ags = August

5.1.1.2 Air Quality

Air quality in the study location is relatively clean. Measuring

result shows that the entire parameters are below the

ambient air quality standard, some parameters are even not

detected in several locations (Table 5.3). The highest SO2

is recorded at 2.85 µg / Nm3 in Tangkiang Village, the quality

standard is 365 µg / Nm3. Quality standard for NO2 is 150

µg / Nm3, the highest measuring result is 6.97 µg / Nm3 in

Tangkiang Village, which is where pipe end is located. The

highest Hydrocarbon recorded is in Tangkiang Village,



namely 2.7 µg / Nm3, where the quality standard is 160 µg /

Nm3. In Nonong Village, which is adjacent to Jetty site plan,

the highest value of H2S is 5.80 µg / Nm3, where the quality

standard is 30.36 µg / Nm3. CO is only measured in

Tangkiang Village, namely 375 µg / Nm3, whereas the

quality standard is 10,000 µg / Nm3. Dust and PM10 are

also much lower than the ambient air quality standard, the

highest dust is 54.4 µg / Nm3 in Tangkiang Village, where

the quality standard is 230 µg / Nm3. The highest PM10 is

28.3 µg / Nm3 also in Tangkiang Village with the quality

standard of 150 µg / Nm3.

5.1.1.3 Noise

Noise measuring result shows that noise in all measuring

locations is still below noise quality standard for housing and

settlement areas, namely 55 dBA. Measuring result

generally ranges from 48 to 52 dBA, except in Tangkiang

Village, which is passed by the main road; there noise can

reach 66.4 dBA at the time vehicles pass by.



Table 5.3 Measuring Results of Air Quality and Noise

Remarks: 1) - Quality standard for air quality is Government Regulation No. 11 Year 1999 and Decree of

Environment Minister No. KEP-50/11/MENLH/1996 specific for H2S;.

- Noise quality standard is Decree of Environment Minister No. KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996;

2) HK = Hydrocarbon 3) TTD = Undetectable

*) Noise when vehicles pass by

Notes: Lokasi Pengukuran = Measuring Location Lokasi Sumur = Well Location

Posisi Geografis = Geographic Position Kualitas Udara = Air Quality

Lokasi CPF = CPF Location Debu = Dust

Pemukiman Desa = Village Settlement Kebisingan = Noise

Desa = Village Baku Mutu = Quality Standard

Dekat Lokasi Jetty = Near Jetty Location Jam = Hour

Lokasi Ujung Pipa Gas = Location of Gas Pipe End

Perumahan dan Pemukiman = Housing and Settlement

5.1.2 Topography

Topography in the study area is generally flatland which stretches out

from the Southwest to the Northeast in the South part of the study are



with flat slope (0-3%). The North part of the study area consists of hills

and mountains with rather steep slope (15-40%) up to very steep slope

(> 40%). If seen from the Southeast to the Northwest, the topography

of the study area consists of, consecutively, flatland, hills, and

mountains, or from flat, rather steep, and steep.

Physiographically, according to Fact and Analysis Report of the

Revised Regional Spatial Plan of Banggai Regency, 2003-2013

(Bappeda Pemkab Banggai, 2003), the study area is divided into three,

namely:

• The physiography of the North part of Luwuk – Morowali road is

hills-mountains which spans from the Southwest up to the

Northeast and parallel with the road. The mountains and hills were

formed by Tertiary-aged rocks (marine sediment and coral reef),

whose condition is folded and broken;

• below the hills there is alluvial flatland, stretching out up to marine

flatland which borders directly with the beach;

• In several parts, like around the estuaries, such as the estuaries of

Bangkiriang and Batui Rivers, the physiography is back swamp.



5.1.3 Geo-morphological and Geological Components

5.1.3.1 Geo-morphology

Regionally, the study area is located on the east arm of

Sulawesi, which has a horizontal mountains stretching out

from the Southwest to the Northeast, parallel with the

horizontal shape of the east arm. Mountains located in the

study area, namely Batui Mountains in the Southwest and

Balantak Mountains in the Northeast.

The study area is located on the altitude of 1 – 500 m.

Based on topographic and geological map analysis, geo-

morphology of the study area can be categorized into three,

namely:

* Mountains geo-morphological unit: This geo-

morphological unit is dominantly found in the North part of

the study area with slope inclination > 15%, such as Batui

and Balantak Mountains, characterized by morphology of

mountains with steep relief. The composing rocks are

ophiolite and limestone;

* Undulating hills geo-morphological unit: This unit is

located in the center and some in the South part of the

study area, namely slightly slope hills with slope

inclination of 5-15%, on the South slope the relief is

relatively less slope. The composing rocks are clastic



sediment rocks, such as limestone, sandstone, and

conglomerate;

* Flatland geo-morphological unit: in the East and South

parts of the study area, the morphology consists of

flatland with flat relief, slope inclination of < 5%,

especially along the beach, which is flatland area formed

by river and coastal alluvial sediment.

5.1.3.2 Geology

a. Rocks

The composing rocks at the East arm of Sulawesi Island

which is part of Banggai Regency are very old rocks,

namely from the Mesozoic age, consisting of ophiolite

complex, tertiary sediment rocks, conglomerates, sand

and clay, quartery rocks, such as coral reefs and river

and coastal alluvial sediment.

Based on geological map from P3G Bandung (1994), the

structure of geological formation found in Banggai

Regency is presented in Picture 5.1, with the following

explanation for each formation:

* Maluhu formation, consists of batusabak, philite,

sekis and sandstone which undertook



metamorphosis; these rocks occupy the slopes in

Batui Mountains;

* Nambo formation, consists of sandy clay;

* Nanaka formation, consists of quartz sandstone with

coal and conglomerate insertion;

* Mafic (Ophiolite) complex, consists of frozen and

metamorphic rocks, namely gabro, basalt, serpentinite,

phyllite, and sekis;

* Matano formation, consists of sediment rocks, namely

claystone and limestone;

* Salodic formation, consists of sediment rocks, namely

limestone and a little bit of sandstone;

* Poh formation, consists of clay, limestone, and a little

bit of Tertiary-aged sandstone.

* Lonsio formation, only found in the North coast of

Balantak Mountains, consists of old volcanic sediment

rocks;

* Bongka formation, consists of conglomerate,

sandstone, silt, claystone, and limestone lenses;

* Kintom formation, consists of conglomerate,

sandstone and clay;



* Coral limestone formation, lifted coral is quartery-aged

coral reef that used to grow on the beach;

* Alluvial sediment, the youngest sediment, consists of

clay, sandstone, gravel, and pebble which are not yet

consolidated;

Rocks found in the study area entirely consist of sediment

rocks, both Tertiary-aged ones and Quartery-aged ones,

with stratigraphic order as follows:

* Bongka formation, consists of conglomerate,

sandstone, flakes, claystone, some are tufaceous and

clay;

* Kintom formation, consists of fine sandstone and clay,

in fine size whose widths are 30-150 m;

* Quartery Coral Reef formation, consists of coral

limestone with clay insertion;

* Alluvial sediment is the youngest sediment, formed

due to erosion in the river and through sedimentation

of older rocks in river flooded flatland and along the

beach. Alluvial sediment usually consists of clay,

sandstone, gravel, and pebble which are not yet

consolidated.

b. Surface Structure



Based on geological map from P3G (1994) and Medco

Exploration Report (2006), the revealed and important

geological structure in the study area consists of, among

others, fault, fold and joint structure.

Fault structure found consists of containment fault,

normal fault and horizontal fault. The main fault, namely

Toili fault, Batui fault and Pasini fault, are the containment

faults. The estimated occurrence is Mid-Miocene.

Batui fault, stretching out from the Southwest to the

Northeast up to Luwuk, is a containment fault. Toili fault

spans from the Southeast to the Southwest, and it moves

horizontally.

Other important faults are containment fault in Tokala

Mountains involving ultramafic and mafic complexes,

Tokala Formation and Nanaka Formation.

The fault can also be found in the South part of Batui,

which is part of Pasini fault and Batui fault.

Other faults, in smaller size, are first, second and third

level secondary faults. The formation was together with

or probably after the main faults. Big and small sized

faults are found in ultramafic, mafic and Mesozoic

sediment rocks. Block faults incurred during Paleo-



Pleistocene are the structure which affects the shape of

the morphology of the present Batui.

The existence of faults in the study area can disturb the

existence of pipes, directly or indirectly. Direct affect can

happen because tectonically the study is included in

active tectonic zone. This is marked by the frequent

incurrence of low-scaled earthquakes, so that rock

movement / shift due to active faults can cause damage

to pipes passing through active fault zone.

Indirect affect of the faults can cause the decreasing

supporting capacity of soil and rocks or can weaken a

zone which will cause land slide or flattening; this will

damage pipes installed above it. Fold structure found in

this area is open fold, closed fold and overlapping fold.

Open fault has layers with inclination of less than 30º,

with axis growing Neogen rocks. Closed fault has layers

with inclination of 30º and 60º and the axis is undulating

up to piercing. In the case of overlapping fault, the layers

are almost straight up to upside down, with axis generally

strongly undulating and strongly piercing.

c. Sub-Surface Structure

Tectonically the study location is located between the

arms of Central Sulawesi and Banggai Basin, which is



part of Banggai-Sula micro plate. Collision of Banggai-

Sula plate results in ruins and forms factoring fault (sesar

anjak) and ophiolite.

Block Senoro is part of normal fault and factoring fault

along Central Sulawesi Beach. In general, sub-surface

geological structure obtained from seismic data is at a

depth of more than minus 1,000 m, namely normal fault,

horizontal fault which spans from North to South, and

factoring fault which spans from Southwest to Northeast.

Taking the depth of faults in the study area, namely more

than – 1,000 m into consideration, the affects to the pipeline

will not be significant. However, the affects of those faults

can create fracture zones or shear zones, which will reach

up to the surface and will have an affect to rock and slope

stability, which can eventually disturb or have negative

impacts to the pipeline. To ensure the affect of structure and

rocks to the pipes which will pas through that area, more

thorough geological observation needs to be done,

especially around the area where the pipeline will be placed.



The factoring fault generally spans along the arm of Central

Sulawesi and also in the same direction with the pipeline

installation plan, while horizontal fault usually spans from the

North to the South, intersecting the pipeline.

5.1.3.3 Tectonic and Seismicity

According to earth tectonic data, Indonesia is surrounded by

Eurasian Plate, Indian Plate and Pacific Plate, which form 3

(three) island arcs potential to create tectonic earthquakes,

namely Indonesian Arc, Australia Continent Boundary, and

the Philippine Arc (Picture 5.2).

* Indonesian Arc. Length ± 4,000 km, parallel with the

West coast of Sumatera Island, South coast of Java

Island, up to along Timor Island. In Sumatera, the depth

of epicenters is estimated to be not more than 100 km,

while in Java there are many locations of epicenter

whose depth is more than 600 km;

* Australia Continent Boundary. Following the cut of

Pacific Plate and Indian Plate to the East side of Berau

Peninsula up to Papua. This tectonic system is very

active, but the location is very deep so the impact is

insignificant;



* The Philippine Arc. This tectonic boundary is very

active. Major earthquakes related to this Philippine

boundary (under Mindanao, for example) can cause

significant impacts in Indonesian territory.

Based on the map of Earthquake Epicenter Zone in

Indonesia, the study area is located in active fault

earthquake epicenter zone line, namely Sorong horizontal

fault zone, Batui upward fault (Picture 5.3).

The basement of Sulawesi Island is tectonically included in

Eurasian Plate, formed during the Mesozoic Age (Sukendar

Asikin, 1989). Sulawesi Island is currently located in the

front tectonic system of Island Arc affected by the collision of

India-Australian Plates, the Philippine Plate and Caroline

Plate, which produces earthquake epicenters in the forms of

active faults, such as Sorong fault and other earthquake

epicenter zones (Picture 5.4).

Based on the map of areas in Indonesia vulnerable to

earthquake disaster, the study area is part of the territory

whose earthquake intensity is at the scales of V and VI

(Picture 5.5) according to Mercalli Modified Intensity Scale,

whose shock impact levels are as follows:

* Scale V, felt outside the house, sleeping person will wake

up, liquid will look shaking and spill slightly, small and



instable house decorating items will shake or fall, open

door will close, wall frame will shake;

* Scale VI, felt by everyone, many people evacuate the

house because they are shocked, walking people are

disturbed, windows screech, glassware breaks, small

things and books fall from the shelves, small pictures and

trees are shaking, church bells ring, weathered wall

plaster cracks.

Based on earthquake intensity in the study area, the

construction of jetty and pipe installation ROW must take into

consideration building and pipe installation resistant to

earthquakes and dislocation of soil / rocks due to re-

activated faults as a result of earthquake activity. Further

geological phenomena due to the earthquake include the

creation of destruction or fracture zones; the movement

fractures can affect the pipeline, for example pipes can bend

and leak. Other impacts will be the weakening of soil / rock

supporting capacity for jetty foundation due to the formation

of fractures and destruction; this will lead to disturbance to

pipe installation plan.

Based on information from the community through the

interview results, apparently around the projected area for

pipeline installation small-scaled earthquake activities in the

study area still often incur. While field survey was ongoing, ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


tectonic earthquakes also took place. Earthquake activities

which often happen do not create environmental damages to

existing infrastructure, such as road, technical irrigation, or

office buildings and community’s houses.

5.1.3.4 Geology along the Pipeline

a. Geomorphology

Geomorphology is illustration of morphology, rocks and

the morphological formation process itself. In the area

projected for pipeline, the geomorphology is identified by

placing topographic map and geological map on top each

others accompanied with field observation.

Gas pipeline is planned to start from Padang Village in

Kintom Sub-district, Banggai Regency, until Sinorang

Village, based on the existing morphology through

several geo-morphological units, namely hill, undulating

hill and flat land geo-morphological units.

1) Hill Geo-morphological Unit

Hill geo-morphological unit is seen in the North part of

pipeline track, namely in Tangkiang and Kalolos

Villages, with hilly relief. This geo-morphology is

located on the altitude of 5-44 m above the sea level,



with inclination of 15%-30% and land use is

dominated by mixed garden / plantation.

The rivers there are permanent rivers, namely they

flow continuously throughout the year and generally

have meander with rather steep riverbank.

2) Undulating Geo-morphological Unit

In area with undulating morphology, the geo-

morphology was formed by sediment rocks, namely

sandstone and conglomerate, while in hilly

morphology, it was formed by limestone. This geo-

morphology is located on the altitude of 10-26 m with

slope angle ranging from 5% to 15%. Administratively,

areas included in undulating geo-morphology are

Kalolos, Uso, Lamo Tangkiang, Batui, Balantak,

Kayowa, Bangkiriang and Maseng Villages.

The rivers there are permanent rivers, namely they

flow continuously throughout the year and generally

have meander with slightly slope riverbank. Land use

consists of mixed garden / plantation, coconut

plantation and oil palm plantation.



3) Flat Land Geo-morphological Unit

Area with flat morphology is usually coastal flat land

formed by coastal alluvial rocks, namely clay and fine

sand, with relatively thick soil up to 3 m. Land use

consists of settlement area, rice filed, coconut

plantation, and mixed garden. This geo-morphology

is on the altitude of 1-10 m with flat land relief and

slope angle around < 5%. Administratively, areas

included in undulating geo-morphology are villages

along the coast passed by pipeline plan, such as

Padang, Uso, Lamo Tangkiang, Batui, Balantak,

Sinorang, and Mulyoharjo. The rivers there are

permanent rivers, namely they flow continuously

throughout the year and generally have meander with

slightly slope riverbank. Land use consists of mixed

garden / plantation, coconut plantation, and rice field.

In this morphology the condition of groundwater is at

the depths of 1.5 – 3 meters with small debit, i.e. 2 l /

sec.

b. Rocks

Composing rocks along the pipeline are sediment rocks,

namely crystalline limestone and coral limestone, coarse

sandstone, conglomerate, breccia, and river and beach

alluvial sediment. ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


1) Limestone Unit

Limestone unit is found in Kalokos, Uso and

Tangkiang areas, forming a morphology which is

rather steep with unlayered compact hard rocks

whose lower part is grayish blue, crystalline, very solid

thick and compact, and its upper part consists of dark

gray coral limestone containing coral, hollow, in the

form of hard block and granule.

This rock unit generally forms hills with rather steep to

steep relief. Land use consists of plantation and

mixed garden / plantation.

No geological structure is found that can decrease

rock supporting capacity or create geological disasters,

such as soil movement. Geological disturbances to

the pipeline possible to happen are rock slide and fall

from coral limestone block caused by topographic

factor and rock contact between coral limestone block

on the upper part and crystalline limestone below it.

2) Coarse Sandstone Unit

Coarse sandstone unit consists of greenish-brownish

gray sandstone, solid and rather hard. The granule

size is medium to large sand size which is rather

round to round in shape and consists of mafic,



ultramafic, feldspar and quartz rock fragments, with

hidden sorting (pemilahan puruk). Generally it has

good layers with layer thickness 20 – 75 cm. In

several places shale is found in brownish – grayish

yellow color and solid, rather soft to rather thick hard

form with 5 – 10 cm layer.

This rock unit generally forms hills with weak

undulating relief.

Geological structure indication is also found which

characterizes horizontal fault, but since the rocks are

solid sand and conglomerate, no fracture zone has

been found, which can reduce rock supporting

capacity or cause soil movement which can disturb

the pipes.

Disturbance potential is only topographic factor,

namely undulating hills.

3) Conglomerate with Tufaceous Sandstone Unit

Conglomerate is blackish gray, solid and hard, with 3-

40 cm fragment, rather round to round in shape and

consists of ultramafic and mafic, hiddenly sorted with

layer thickness of 20 cm – 2 m. Tufaceous is

brownish yellow, rather solid to solid, rather hard to

hard, with good layer of 20 – 150 cm.



This rock unit generally forms hills with weak

undulating relief. No geological structure is found that

can decrease rock supporting capacity or create

geological disasters, such as soil movement.

Geological disturbances to the pipeline possible to

happen are rock slide and fall caused by topographic

factor and rock contact between conglomerate on the

decayed upper part and tufaceous sandstone.

4) Sandy Clay Unit

Sandy clay is light gray – dark gray, solid fine

granulous, locally layered, with layer thickness of 30 –

150 cm. Sandstone is blackish gray, solid and hard

with fine granulous on the lower part and coarse

granulous on the upper part. No geological structure

is found that can decrease rock supporting capacity or

create geological disasters, such as soil movement.

5) Rocks

Composing rocks along the pipeline are sediment

rocks, consisting of crystalline limestone and coral

limestone, coarse sandstone, conglomerate, breccia,

and river and coastal alluvial sediment.



6) Alluvial

Alluvial sediment along the pipeline consists of mud,

sand and gravel, consists of river, swamp and coastal

sediment; this unit has quite vast dispersion and

relatively long part passed by the pipeline. This

alluvial sediment morphology consists of flat land with

common land use for rice field, coconut plantation and

settlement area.

c. Geological Structure

Not many geological structure indications are found along

the pipeline plan for all alternatives. Structure indications

available are dragging of faults and fault mirror in coarse

sandstone unit on Kayowa River bank, at coordinates of

S 01º 27’ 332” and E 122º 19’ 974”. The fault zone does

not create or does not indicate that it will create

destruction zones.

In-situ observation along the pipeline plan does not find

any indications of geological structure impacts to the

environment, such as no sinking zone, no destruction

zone, no steep escarpment (gawir-gawir), or slide.

Environmental damages due to fault are usually indicated

by the many damaged / sunk or flattened roads and other

broken facilities, such as technical irrigation building



intersecting the fault general direction. This is not seen

along the pipeline plan, while along the pipeline there are

many intersected technical irrigation channels and in

good condition. This indicates that the geological

structure existing along the pipeline plan which does not

significantly impact the existing buildings.

In addition to slide fault structure, fold structure is also

found, namely homocline fold with inclination direction of

N 30º E 10º, inclining to the Southeast direction.

d. Geological Hazard : Soil Movement

Resistance level to soil movement of an area is

determined by soil and rock physical quality, inclination

angle, geological structure and vegetation; these factors

determine the classification of resistance level to soil

movement of the study area, namely as follows:

1) Very Low Soil Vibration Resistance Zone

Is an area with very low resistance level to be

impacted by soil movement. In this zone very rare or

almost no soil movement, either old or new, is found,

unless in the area around the riverbanks.

Flatland area with slope inclination 0-5% and the

slope is not formed by soil movement material pile,



backfilling material or clay with expanding property.

This unit is generally formed by alluvium, coastal

sediment, sandy clay, and sandstone.

Areas included in this very low soil resistance zone

consist of:

* Small part of Padang – Batui Villages pipeline plan

track, such as in Padang Village, small part of Uso

and Lamo-Lamo Villages;

* Small part of North alternative of Batui Gori-Gori

lane track, such as Balantak, rice fields in Kayowa;

* The entire South alternative of Batui – Balantak

lane track, which is the area for rice field and

coconut plantation;

* Some parts of Bangkiriang flow line track, such as

Senoro 1, 2, 3 and 5 and Mulyaharjo.

2) Low Soil Movement Resistance Zone

Is an area with low resistance level to be impacted by

soil movement. In this zone rare soil movement takes

place and if any soil movement incurs, the slope will

be stable again. Very small soil movement could

possibly happen, especially in river banks and river

valleys (gullies).



Is an area with slightly slope area with inclination of 5-

15% where soil movement incurrence depends on

slope forming soil / rock technical condition. Area with

slope up to 15% is generally formed by compact rocks,

such as coarse sandstone, conglomerate with thin

mustiness soil layer, and vegetation, such as

plantation, mixed garden, and relatively dense soil

covering vegetation.

The slope is generally formed by breccia, tufaceous,

tufaceous sandstone, conglomerate sandstone

tufaceous breccia, and sandy limestone mustiness.

Areas included in this low soil movement resistance

zone are:

* Small part of Padang – Batui Villages pipeline plan

track, such as in Padang Village, small part of Uso,

Lamo-Lamo, Batui, Buyangge, Tangkiang, and

Kalolos Villages;

* Small part of North alternative of Batui Gori-Gori

lane track, such as Bakung, Kayowa, Maseng,

Balantak, and Gori-gori;

* Some parts of flow line track, especially the one

passes by Bangkiriang Animal Conservation..



3) Medium Soil Movement Resistance Zone

Is an area with medium resistance level to be

impacted by soil movement. In this soil movement

with small and medium dimensions could take place,

especially in areas border with river valley, rock

transition and road side. Soil movement can be

triggered by rainfall with high intensity and within a

long period, strong erosion, and change / disturbance

to slope stability due to human’s activities.

Medium soil movement resistance zone is generally

areas with medium relief with slope inclination of 15-

30% up to steep, where the covering vegetation is

less dense and less soil covering vegetation.

The slope is generally formed by weathering of

tufaceous conglomerate, limestone, and sandstone.

Areas included in this zone are Padang – Batui

Villages pipeline plan track, especially Tangkiang, and

Kalolos Villages.

5.1.3.5 Environmental Geology

Based on the morphology as well as the composing rocks

and land use, the pipeline plan track is classified into four



tracks, namely 1) Padang – Batui Villages track; 2) Batui

Gori-Gori North track; 3) Batui Balantak South alternative

track; and 4) Senoro 3 – Bangkiriang Flow Line Track.

a. Padang – Batui Track North Alternative Trunkline

1) Morphology

Hill geo-morphology is found in the North part of

pipeline track, namely Padang up to Batui Villages

track, which consists of hills with undulating to hilly

relief, especially in Tangkiang, Kalolos, and Uso,

where the minority part is flatland, namely Padang,

Lamo and Uso Villages. This track geo-morphology is

located on the altitude of 10-44 m above the sea level,

with height difference of > 12 m with inclination of 2%

– 30%, and land use dominated by mixed garden /

plantation.

Morphological or topographic relief factor is the

hampering factor in that line because such

morphological condition, especially along the pipeline,

can become the trigger of geological hazards, such as

slide.



2) Rocks

Rock physical and technical qualities in this track do

not become a hampering factor because the compact

and hard rocks are particularly found in hilly area.

Rocks in flatland area formed by alluvial or clay are

usually solid, claystone is not indicated for expanding

and swelling qualities so the existence of gas pipes

will not be impacted. Rock dispersion form,

particularly in coral limestone which can become a

hampering factor, is block dispersion.

3) Groundwater

The study area is included in the area where

groundwater is moderately productive. Groundwater

along the pipeline is the water source used by the

community to meet their daily water need, namely

from dug wells with various depths. In flatland area,

groundwater depths vary from 2 m to 3 m, with debit

of < 5 liters / second, such as in Padang and Uso

Villages. In hilly area, the depth reaches 10 m,

particularly in sandstone unit, such as in Batui Village,

while in limestone unit, no wells have been found.

There area two aquifer systems in this area, namely:

1) carbonate rock (carstic) aquifer, with splitting media



system and 2) sediment rock aquifer, with inter-

granule spatial flowing media.

4) Geological Hazard Potential of Soil Movement

The study area is included in low soil movement

resistance zone and medium soil movement

resistance zone. Geological hazard potentials that

could happen and disturb pipeline plan in this track

are rock slide and rock fall, with topographic factor as

the trigger, namely rather steep with slope angle up to

30%. Rock technical quality factor can cause soil

movement such as coral limestone block, whose size

ranges from 10 cm to 1 m, namely in Kalolos Village.

Table 5.4 Environmental Geological Profile of Padang – Batui Villages Track

Slope Angle 5 – 15% < 5% 5 – 15% 15 – 30% < 5% Village Batui Lamo, Uso Uso, Buyangge,

Honalu, Lamo Tangkiang, Kalolos Padang

Land Use Mixed garden / plantation

Coconut plantation, mixed garden, rice field

Mixed garden and coconut plantation

Mixed garden Mixed garden

River Rather slope river bank, old phase

Very slope river bank, old phase

Slope – steep river bank, old phase

Slope – steep river bank, old phase

Slope river bank, old phase

Morphology Undulating hills Flatland Undulating hills Hills, rather steep – steep relief

Flatland

Rocks Coarse sandstone, conglomerate

Clay and sandstone Sandstone, coarse sandstone, and limestone

Coral limestone, sandy limestone

Clay and silt, fine sand

Soil Movement Geological Hazard

Low soil movement resistance zone

Very low soil movement resistance zone


Medium soil movement resistance zone


Profile Sketch without Scale




b. North Alternative Trunkline of Batui – Balantak Track

1) Morphology

The morphology of Batui – Balantak track which

passes South track alternative is flatland and weak

undulating hills, soft relief, whose slope is generally

rather slope. This track is generally located on the

altitude of 5 – 26 m with inclination of 2% - 15%.

Dominant land use is rice field and some others are

coconut plantation and mixed garden.

2) Rocks

Rock physical and technical qualities in this track

which is still fresh do not become a hampering factor

because the rocks are compact and hard. Rocks in

flatland area formed by alluvial or clay are usually

solid, claystone is not indicated for expanding and

swelling qualities so the existence of gas pipes will not

be impacted. Conglomerate sediment rock

weathering on the slope with thick soil can cause soil

movement.

3) Groundwater

Groundwater along the pipeline is the water source

used by the community to meet their daily water need,



namely from dug wells with various depths. In flatland

area, groundwater depths vary from 2.5 m to 7 m, with

debit of < 2 liters / second, such as in Bakung and

Maseng Villages. In hilly area, the depth reaches 7 m,

particularly in sandstone unit, such as Kayowa Village.




could happen and will disturb pipeline plan in this

track are rock slide and rock fall, with topographic

factor as the trigger, namely rather steep with slope

angle of 15-30%. Rock technical quality factor can

cause soil movement such as conglomerate

weathering which is in contact with tufaceous

sandstone weathering.

Table 5.5 Environmental Geological Profile of North Alternative of Batui –

Balantak Villages Track

Altitude 13 – 20 m Slope Angle 5 – 15% 2 – 15% 2 – 15% 2 – 10% < 5%

Village Batui Bakung Kayowa Maseng Balantak Land Use Mixed garden,

coconut plantation Coconut plantation, mixed garden, rice field

Mixed garden, coconut plantation, rice field

Mixed garden Mixed garden

River Rather slope – rather steep river bank, old phase

Rather slope river bank, old phase

Rather slope river bank, old phase

Rather slope – steep river bank, old phase


Groundwater Depths of 4 – 7 m, debit of 2 liters / sec.

Depth of 6 m, debit of 2–4 liters / sec.

Depth of 5 m, debit of 2 liters / sec.

Depths of 2.5 – 3 m Depth of 2.5 m, debit of 2–4 liters / sec.

Morphology Undulating hills Weak undulating hills

Undulating hills Rather slope hills – flatland

Flatland



Rocks Coarse sandstone, conglomerate

Conglomerate and tufaceous sandstone

Sandstone, coarse sandstone, and conglomerate sandstone, and limestone

Coarse sandstone, alluvial clay

Clay and silt, fine sand









c. South Alternative Trunkline of Batui – Balantak Track

1) Morphology

The morphology of south alternative trunkline of

Batui–Balantak track is coastal flatland formed by

coastal alluvial rocks, namely clay and fine sand, and

relatively thick soil, i.e. up to 3 meters. Land use is for

settlement area, rice field, coconut plantation, and

mixed garden / plantation. In this morphology,

groundwater condition is at the depths of 1.5 to 3

meters and debit of < 5 liters / second. Such

morphology is not a problem for pipeline installation.

2) Rocks



because the rocks in flatland area which is formed by



alluvial and clay, are usually compact. The claystone

is not indicated for expanding and swelling qualities so

the existence of gas pipes will not be impacted.

Sediment rock weathering and thick soil will not cause

soil fall.

3) Groundwater





debit of < 5 liters / second, such as in Maseng,

Bakung and Batui Villages.


The study area is included in very low soil movement

resistance zone with no geological hazard potential to

happen which will disturb the pipeline in this track.

Table 5.6 Environmental Geological Profile of South Alternative of Batui –

Balantak Villages Track

Slope Angle 2 – 15 % Villages Batui, Kayowa, Maseng and Balantak Land Use Coconut plantation, mixed garden, and rice field River Rather slope river bank Groundwater Depths of 1.5 – 3m and debit of < 5 liters / second Morphology Flatland Rocks River and coastal alluvial, namely clay and silt Soil Movement Geological Hazard Very low soil movement resistance zone




c. Land Line Alternative Flow Line of Bangkiriang Track

1) Morphology

The morphology of this area is hills with weak

undulating relief, and some parts are flatland. The

morphology of flow line which passes through

Bangkiriang area is generally undulating relief. This

area is located on the altitude of 2-6 m and inclination

of 5-15%.

Undulating morphology or topographic relief is a

hampering factor in this area, because such condition

will become the trigger of the incurrence of geological

hazards, such as slide. Flatland area will not become

a problem for pipeline installation.

2) Rocks



because the rocks are solid and hard. In flatland

formed by alluvial or clay is generally solid, the

claystone is not indicated for expanding and swelling ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


qualities so the existence of gas pipes will not be

impacted. Conglomerate sediment rock weathering

on the slope with thick soil will not cause soil

movement.

3) Groundwater





debit of < 5 liters / second, such as in Sinorang,

Mulyoharjo, and Gori-gori Villages.




could happen and will disturb pipeline plan in this

track are land and rock slide, with topographic factor

as the trigger, namely rather steep with slope angle of

5-15%. Rock technical quality factor can cause soil

movement such as conglomerate weathering which is

in contact with tufaceous sandstone weathering.



Table 5.7 Environmental Geological Profile of Senoro-3, Bangkiriang and

Senoro-1 Track (Flow Line Track)

Slope Angle < 5% 5 – 15% < 5% Village Senoro 3, 4, Mulyoharjo Bangkiriang, Gori-gori Gori-gori, Senoro-1, 2 Land Use Mixed garden, coconut

plantation, rice field Mixed garden, oil palm plantation, Bangkiriang Animal Conservation

Mixed garden, rice field

River Slightly slope – rather steep river bank, old phase

Slightly slope – rather steep river bank, old phase


Groundwater Depths of 1.5 – 3 m, debit of < 5 liters / second

Depths of 5 m, debit of < 5 liters / second

Depths of 1.5 – 2.5 m, debit of < 5 liters / second

Morphology Undulating hills, flatland Undulating hills Flatland Rocks Fine sandstone sediment,

alluvial, silt and clay Sandstone, coarse sandstone, and conglomerate sandstone

Clay and silt, fine sandstone






5.1.4 Hydrology

Groundwater availability is very much dependent on various factors,

such as morphology, litology, geological structure, land use, and

rainfall. Based on those factors, and according to availability theory,

groundwater in the study area can be classified into:

* Groundwater Field for Undulating Hilly Area;

* Groundwater Field for Flatland Area.

5.1.4.1 Groundwater Field for Undulating Hilly Area

This groundwater unit spreads in the most parts of the study

area, namely in the Northwest and North parts, stretching



from the Southwest to the Northeast. By considering the

rock types, namely sediment rocks, such as sandy clay,

sandstone (Kintom Formation) and sandstone conglomerate

and limestone (Bongka Formation). All those rocks generally

have good porosity and permeability so that this area has

good groundwater potential.

Aquifer typology in this area is sediment rock aquifer

typology with aquifer system of inter-granule spatial flowing,

namely in clastic sediment rocks, such as sandstone and

conglomerate, as well as aquifer system of in-block flowing,

especially in carbonate rocks.

In medium undulating hilly area, groundwater availability is

relatively good, particularly in its basic aquifer, namely in

sandstone and conglomerate. The surface depths of

groundwater range from 5 to 10 meters, with relatively big

well debit, namely up to 5 liters / second, such as in Batui,

Tangkiang and Kayowa areas.

Land use in this groundwater field is plantation, mixed

garden, and dry farm.

5.1.4.2 Groundwater Field for Flatland Area

This groundwater unit spreads along the beach whose

direction is from the Southwest to the Northeast.



Aquifer system in this area is included in coastal and delta

alluvial sediment aquifer system, whose composing rocks

are loose clay, sand, limestone, coral, silt.

Coastal aquifer has relatively good groundwater potential.

Groundwater in coastal aquifer can become good

groundwater source, particularly in coastal dike or in loose

sandstone lenses. Groundwater condition in coastal flatland

is highly determined by the geological condition in the

upstream area.

Groundwater availability in this groundwater field has

medium criteria with maximum well debit of 5 liters per

second, with groundwater surface depths of 1.5 – 3 meters.

Groundwater availability in hills and mountains in Kintom

Sub-district (particularly to the direction of Luwuk) is more

difficult to obtain because the composing rocks are coral reef

which bad porosity and permeability, so that it is difficult to

keep and flow water, particularly shallow groundwater (dug

well) used by the community. In dry season, it will be hard to

obtain water, either from dug well or from the spring.

In flatland area near the beach, shallow groundwater is easy

to obtain no taste as shown by wells found in the settlement

areas used by the people for their daily needs.



5.1.5 Soil

5.1.5.1 Distribution of Soil Types

According to classification system by Soil Research Center

(Puslitanah) (1983), the soil found in the study area consists

of Renzina, Litosol, Eutric Cambisol, Eutric Alluvial,

Mediterran, and Regosol. Renzina and Litosol can be

found in the hilly and mountainous areas with soil layer /

thickness characteristic of very shallow (less than 20 cm)

and directly sitting on the (main) rock (Picture 5.9). Eutric

cambisol can be seen in area which is more slightly slope or

in the foothill up to flatland with characteristics of newly

developed soil (horizonization is yet to clearly develop), with

medium texture. This type of soil spreads around

Bangkiriang Animal Conservation and the hills in Batui and

Gori-gori. This eutric alluvial is dominantly found in valley

flatland with soil layers precipitated at different times with fine

to rather coarse textures. This type of soil is found spreading

in Batui and Toili Sub-districts. Mediterran which spreads in

flatland area with gray soil color, heavily clayey texture or

very thick when wet (wet season) and slightly cracking when

dry (dry season) is also found in Batui Sub-district. Regosol

in the study area is only found in Padang Quarter, Tangkiang

Villages, and for sure in coastal area, namely in coastal

sandbank, such as in Nonong Village.



Picture 5.9 Soil Profile around the Activity Plan Site

5.1.5.2 Soil Chemical Quality and Fertility

Soil chemical quality and fertility from several sampling

points in the study area are presented in Table 5.8. From

the table it can be seen that in general soil in the study area

has rather acidic – neutral (pH 6.0 – 7.5) to rather alkaline

(pH 7.5 – 7.9) reaction with cation exchange capacity (CEC)

and alkaline concentration (Ca, Mg, K and Na) classified as

medium to high.

Table 5.8 shows that the phosphor (P) level of soil in the

study area is considered very low. This low level of P,

particularly around Tangkiang, is particularly caused by the

soil texture, which is included as sandy, where P

concentration available in coarse soil is lower than fine soil.

Commonly the low level of P in the study area is because the

source or reserve of the main material is low. Measured soil

pH which is classified as neutral to rather alkaline can cause

P available in the soil to undergo fixation by Ca and Mg

cations which are generally high.



Measured CEC in the study location is generally medium to

high, namely 12.16 to 39.23 meq / 100 gr. This high

concentration of CEC is caused by soil main material mostly

found in Batui Sub-district which is formed by sediment rocks,

especially coral and limestone, except for soil with sandy

texture around Padang Village. Soil CEC usually correlates

with Ca-dd concentration, high CEC correlates with high Ca-

dd concentration. Table 5.8 shows the Ca concentration

which is relatively high because most CEC of the soil is also

high. For Kalium (K) element, the measured K concentration

is analyzed at the laboratory and considered low to medium,

namely from 0.2 to 0.3 meq / 100 gr of soil. This low to

medium K concentration happens because soil in the study

area is soil with advance to not advance weathering level so

that some materials which become the main sources of K are

low to medium. Mg element measured in the soil of the

study is classified as medium to very high, clearly because

the main soil composing materials are alkaline. This is also

supported by the high concentration of Ca and the high

because the weathering of main materials is not yet advance.

Observation result to C and N elements shows that the larger

part of the soil in the study area has low C/N ratio value (<

10). Soil C/N value gives an illustration on how easy an

organic material will be weathered, maturity level of an

organic material and demobilization of soil N. Low C/N value ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


is an indication that existing organic material has undergone

advance weathering.

Table 5.8 Laboratory Analysis Result on Soil Chemical Quality

Notes: Kode Lapangan = Field Code Dalam = Depth

Titik = Point Pasir = Sand

Nama Lokasi = Location Name Debu = Dust

Ds (Desa) = Village Liat = Clay

Kp (Kampung) = Quarter

Seberang PT KLS = Across / opposite PT KLS

Nitrogen (N) in the soil is made available through N

mineralization process from organic materials and their

immobilization, fixation of N from the air by microorganisms,

through rain and other forms of precipitation and fertilizing.

Quantity of N in soil is a result of balance among various

factors, such as organic material volume, climate and type of

vegetation, topography, soil chemical and physical qualities,

human’s activities and time. Organic material concentration

in the study area is classified as very low to low so that the

total N concentration of soil is also classified as low. ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


Measured N concentration in the study area is classified as

very low to low because the balance among the factors

influencing N quantity in the soil does not allow for N to be

available in big quantity.

Based on the above information and looking at the litologic

properties, it can be concluded that naturally fertility potential

of soil in the study area is classified as medium to high.

5.1.5.3 Soil Physical Quality

The result of laboratory analysis on soil physical quality is

presented in Table 5.9. The result of soil sample texture

measuring shows that the larger part of soil in the study area

has larger percentage of dust than sand and clay, except for

soil around Padang Quarter, Tangkiang Village, whose

texture is sand. The comparison of mineral fraction of soil

composing materials shows that in general, soil in the study

area has dusty clayey texture class. The result of available

water measuring shows that soil in the study location has

available water quantity from low to medium, where medium

available water quantity is more dominant than the low one.

The result of drainage pore measuring shows that generally

drainage pore of soil in the study area is classified as low to

medium.



The outcome of soil volume weight measuring shows that

soil in the study has volume weight of more than 1.00 gr / cc,

some with volume weight of 1.41 gr / cc can also be found,

because the soil is dominantly composed of non-organic

mineral materials. More quantity of organic material will give

lower volume weight; on the contrary to the soil in the study

area whose organic material concentration is classified as

low (please refer to Table 5.8 on Laboratory Analysis Result

on Soil Chemical Quality). This volume weight value will

influence total quantity of measured available water. Higher

volume weight will lead to lower total quantity of available

water.

Table 5.9 Analysis Result on Soil Physical Quality (Depths of 0 – 20 cm)


Notes: Lokasi = Location Porositas = Porosity

Kadar Air = Water Volume Pori Drainase = Drainage Pore

Air Tersedia = Available Water Permeabilitas = Permeability

Ds (Desa) = Village Sangat Cepat = Very Fast

Kp (Kampung) = Village Cepat = Fast

Lambat = Slow Cm / jam = Cm / hour



5.1.6 Erosion

Based on in-situ observation during a survey conducted in February

2006, soil erosion in slope area in the study area has not or not yet

shown worrying level or classified as high as it still has vegetation

which is relatively dense, either in the form of mixed garden or shrubs.

Erosion in the form of rill erosion or even gully erosion is not found,

except in the area which is being dug in the hill side. Meanwhile, soil

found in flat to slightly slope topography which is used for agricultural

land, both irrigated rice field and cacao plantation, does not show any

serious erosion signs, especially if looked from river water turbidity

level as an indication.

Based on the results of laboratory analyses on soil samples taken

during a survey in February 2006 (Tables 5.8 and 5.9) and calculation

of rain erosivity (Table 5.10), and by using Universal Soil Loss

Equation (USLE), the magnitude of erosion in the slope area in the

study area can be predicted. Table 5.11 presents erosion prediction in

the designated area with the lowest to the highest interval value

probability of parameters affecting soil erosion. The above erosion

prediction and erosion incurrence documented during field survey show

that the erosion value is classified as low (4.8 tons / ha / year) to very

high (301.9 tons / ha / year) which is far above the tolerable erosion

value or Tolerable Soil Loss (TSL), namely around 10 – 40 tons / ha /

year.



Table 5.10 Calculation of Rain Erosivity Index in the Study Area

Notes: Annual average rain erosivity index = 805

Bulan = Month Maret = March

Agustus = August Erosivitas Hujan = Rain Erosivity

In the Table erosion prediction index higher than TSL value happens in

steep slope area (> 40%) and slope length of more than 100 m.

However, that erosion prediction is not an absolute but indicative value,

because the formula used has various assumptions and restraints,

such as medium texture and slope that is not long. In addition, as

elaborated in the previous paragraph, in-situ observation during a

survey in February 2006 shows that soil erosion has not indicated any

serious signs.



Table 5.11 Calculation of Erosion Prediction in Slope Area in the Study Area

Notes: CP = Vegetation factor (land use) and conservation action

K = Soil erodibility factor

LS = Slope length and total area factor

A = Soil erosion size (ton / ha / year)

Tolerable erosion = 10 – 40 tons / ha / year

Penggunaan Lahan = Land Use Belukar Utuh = Whole Shrub

Alang-alang = Reed Kebun Campuran = Mixed Garden

Belukar Berumput = Grassy Shrub

5.1.7 Drainage System, Irrigation and Debit


Natural drainage system from the rivers flowing in the study area

partially always has water throughout the time even though the water

debit fluctuates in wet and dry seasons. Such river drainage system is

generally dendritic or bird feather with not so many tributaries. River

water in Batui Sub-district is generally clear, but river water in Toili Sub-

district area is turbid. Difference in water color is caused by different

geological formation which forms different soil type and has different

soil sensitivity to erosion.



In the study area, in Batui and Toil Sub-districts, very vast rice fields

are found with technical irrigation infrastructure and facilities to village /

simple irrigation system. Technical irrigation channel comes from

Bakung Dam (in Bakung River) and Sinorang Dam (in Sinorang River).

These two dams form primary, secondary and tertiary channels, with

dividing dams completed with gates. Sinorang Dam has potential

capacity to water rice field area of 3,587 hectares so that the

operational matter has become the authority of central government

(Jakarta), while the operation and maintenance of Bakung Dam which

has potential capacity to water rice field area of 1,200 hectares has

become the authority of the Province. The condition of irrigation

channel infrastructure of these two dams is presented in Table 5.12,

while one-time debit measuring at several points in the irrigation

channel in the study area is presented in Table 5.13.

Table 5.12 Calculation of Erosion Prediction in Slope Area in the Study Area

Dam Description of Irrigation Infrastructure Sinorang Bakung

Total area of potential irrigation (ha) 3,587 1,200 Total area of functional irrigation (ha) 1,780 660 Length of main channel (km) 48,447 13,873 Buildings (unit): * collection 2 1 * regulating 57 16 * supplementary 61 48 * supplementary at carrying Channel - - * total 120 65 Water gate protector (unit) 6 14 Water gate (unit) - 50 Inspection road (km) 26 10,081 Disposal channel (km) 6 1,500 Source: Office of Irrigation, Banggai Regency



Table 5.13 One-Time Debit of Several Technical Irrigation Channels in the

Study Area

No. Measuring Location Debit (m3 / second) 1. Primary channel of Bakung dam 1.230 2. Secondary channel of left Bakung Dam 0.495 3. Tertiary channel near Senoro #2, Central Sinorang Village 0.059 4. Secondary channel of right Bakung Dam 1.186 5. Tertiary channel of Bakung Village 0.042 6. Tertiary channel of Pasibololi Village to Senoro #1 0.496 7. Quartery channel of Pasibololi Village to Senoro #1 0.195 8. Tertiary channel in Gori-gori Village 1.055

Source: In-situ Measuring (2006)

In the study area there are several big rivers flowing throughout the

year, consecutively from the Northeast to the Southwest, namely

Tangkiang, Kauyo Omalu, Uso, Lamo, Batui, Bakung, Kayowa /

Matindok, Sinorang, and Toili Rivers; these rivers flow from the

Northwest to their estuary in the Southeast.

In addition to those big rivers, there are also small rivers which are the

tributaries of big rivers or individual rivers having their estuary directly

to the sea, such as Lamo, Uso and Bangkiriang Rivers. Very few

permanent swamps are found, except for back swamp in Bangkiriang

Animal Conservation. The map showing the position of those rivers

can be seen in the map of sampling points. Based on in-situ

measuring during a survey in February 2006, one-time debit of the

main rivers in the study area is presented in Table 5.14. This one-time

debit is not an average debit of the rivers, but only indicative value to

compare the debit of each river.



Table 5.13 One-Time Debit of Main Rivers in the Study Area

No. Name of River Debit (m3 / second) 1. Tangkiang 0.421 2. Kauyo Omolu 0.050 3. Musolang Dry 4. Uso 0.050 5. Lamo 0.050 6. Batui 0.750 7. Bakung 0.700 8. Kayowa 0.375 9. Sinorang 2.010 10. Toili 2.035

Source: In-situ Measuring (2006)

Peak debit prediction using rational formula (q = 0.0028 CiA) is

determined with runoff coefficient parameters characterized by

covering or land use type (C value), rain intensity of maximum 24 hours

in a year (i value), and total area of River Catchment Area or

Catchment Area (A value). This peak debit prediction is only applied to

River Catchment Area smaller than the main river which will be passed

by the pipe and its ROW during the construction. For this purpose,

Kauyo Omolu River is taken as a sample case where the total area of

its River Catchment Area is 1,237.5 ha, elevation difference between

the highest and the lowest points is 500 m, river length from the

furthest point is 10 km, maximum rainfall in 24 hours is 109 mm,

coefficient of runoff is 0.65; based on the above-mentioned rational

formula, the peak debit (q) is 126.9 m3 / second.



5.1.8 Hydro-Oceanography

Banggai Regency has a coastal area which faces the waters of Peleng

Strait which is connected to Tolo Bay waters. Gas Field Development

and Senoro-Kintom Gas Pipeline Project Plan will use several parts of

that coastal area to lay down the transmission pipes along Bangkiriang

Beach and to construct the jetty at Nonong Beach. Several hydro-

oceanographic information related to those activities consists of

bathymetry, tides, current and wave.

a. Bathymetry

The coastal area of Banggai Regency planned to become part of

the development project covers Bangkiriang to Nonong areas. The

bathymetric condition along the coast generally has depth contour

which is parallel with the coastal line. The beach is relatively

slightly slope, which is indicated from the observation result on

beach inclination which reaches less than 5º with measuring base

as a sample in Bangkiriang Beach has the distance of ± 500 m from

the beach with water depth of 10 – 16 m, and up to a distance of ±

1,800 m with water depths of ± 50 m (Picture 5.10). The basic

condition of the waters is generally black sandy which is relatively

the same with the condition of its surrounding coastal areas. This

area is planned to be an alternative location for the flow line pipes

from Senoro 3 to Senoro 2.



Similar condition is also found in the area of Nonong Beach, where

the depth reaches 4 m for a distance of ± 500 m from the beach.

The depth decreases drastically with a depth of 8 m followed with

decrease up to the sea. The condition of waters is generally also

sandy with coral reef, particularly within a distance of 500 m from

the coastal line.

Picture 5.10 Cross Profile of Water Depth from Coastal Line of Bangkiriang

Animal Conservation to the Sea

Notes: Kedalaman = Depth

Jarak dari pantai = Distance from the coast / beach

b. Tides

Tides are the daily movement of sea surface which is affected not

only by the position of the earth’s planet (moon) and sun, but also

the condition of local and regional waters (open or close waters to

the sea). Tides in the waters of the study area are affected by the

tidal condition from the Pacific Ocean which enters the strait and



sea between Sulawesi and Maluku. This condition will result in tidal

type indicating the frequency of water surface changes in a day.

Type of tides can be determined by comparing tidal components,

such as amplitude of main single tidal component and amplitude of

main double tidal component in a Formzahl number.

Based on data obtained from the Office of Hydro-Oceanography of

the Indonesian Navy (2005) by utilizing several nearest stations, O1,

K1, M2, and S2 tidal components were obtained as listed down in

Table 5.15. Furthermore, by utilizing the calculation result,

Formzahl numbers at each station were obtained, namely ranging

from 0.49 to 0.78. These values are located around 0.25 – 1.50

which means that tides in the water areas surrounding the above

four stations are of mixed tidal type with double domination. Based

on the scope of each observation station area, the coastal area in

the project site is estimated to have similar tidal type (mixed with

double domination). This type of tides generally occurs in the water

area of Eastern part of Indonesia (Writky, 1965).

Table 5.15 Tidal Component Value and Formzahl Number at Several

Observation Stations Closest to the Project Site Area

Tidal Component Value * Observation Station

O1 K1 M2 S2 Formzahl Number

Lembeh Strait 14 28 36 26 0.68 Kendari Port 15 30 53 19 0.62 Ternate 19 14 27 22 0.49 Ambon 21 29 47 17 0.78 * Source: Office of Hydro-Oceanography, Indonesian Navy (2005)



Based on tidal component data, differences in sea level height can

be estimated as given in Table 5.16. Changes in sea level height

are estimated to reach 58 cm – 202 cm, where highest tides will

happen around the new moon. On the contrary, the lowest tides

will incur when the moon is on its first quarter and third quarter

which is also known as neap tide.

Table 5.16 Condition of Sea Level (cm) at Several Observation Stations

Closest to the Project Site Area

Observation Station * Sea Level Position

Lembeh Strait Kendari Port Ternate Ambon Highest Sea Level Flatness 182 202 179 194 High Sea Level Flatness 140 164 135 160 Sea Level Flatness 120 130 130 130 Low Sea Level Flatness 110 96 125 100 Lowest Sea Level Flatness 58 58 81 66 * Source: Office of Hydro-Oceanography, Indonesian Navy (2005)

b. Current and Wave

Current in a water area can be caused by various factors, such as

wind, tides, pressure gradient, coriolis energy. The contribution

portion of each factor to the strength and direction of current is very

much influenced by type of waters and geographical condition.

Considering that the project site is located in a coastal water area,

the tidal current gives significant contribution to the water. The tidal

current in the water area of Banggai Regency, according to

observation data by Office of Hydro-Oceanography of Indonesian

Navy (Capalulu Observation Post) in 2004, the smallest tidal current



reached 69 sea miles / hour, while the biggest tidal current reached

94 sea miles / hour.

The result of 2-day observation, namely on 9 and 10 February 2006,

between 10.00 – 15.00 Eastern Indonesian Time Zone, along the

coast between Bangkiriang and Nonong shows that the current

there ranges from 3 to 87 cm / second with direction of 19 – 351º,

but the current mostly flows to the North up to Northeast. Current

speed to depth relatively varies, but this does not happen to speed

which looks relatively the same at each depth layer observed. The

observation result is presented in details in Picture 5.11.

Wave is the (up and down) movements of sea water surface

caused by the wind. When sea level goes high, it is the wave peak

and when it goes low, it is the wave valley. Hence, wind power

becomes a determinant, not only with regard to wave height, but

also frequency of incurrence in one certain time unit. During

observation, wave height around the beach area was 70 cm.

Wind power and direction very much depend on season; hence,

wave condition also varies depending on the season. Generally,

during east monsoon, wave height reaches 2 meters or even more,

compared to the condition during west monsoon which is 1 m. This

is related to the coastal area which faces Banda Sea. In addition,

wave can also influence by basic configuration and depth of the sea

which will also influence the speed and shape of wave reaching the

beach. ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


Picture 5.11 Direction and Speed of Wave to Depth based on Survey Result



5.1.7 Water Quality

5.1.9.1 River Water Quality

In baseline study for river water, there area seven

observation locations at five rivers, namely Kayowa, Bakung,

Sinorang, Bonebalantak and Batui Rivers. The water quality

of the Rivers around the study site plan generally shows

good condition, according to observation on physical and

chemical parameters. Observation result comprises average,

minimum and maximum values for sea surface and sea

bottom water quality, each is briefly presented in Table 5.17.

Table 5.17 Average, Minimum and Maximum Values from Observation of River Water Quality around the Project Site Plan

1 River Water Quality Standard (Indonesian Government Regulation No. 32/2001)

Notes: Satuan = Unit Rerata = Av erage

Baku Mutu = Quality Standard Fisika = Physics

Suhu = Temperature Alami = Natural

Kimia = Chemical Oksigen Terlarut = Dissolved Oxygen

Minyak dan Lemak = Oil and Fat Tembaga = Copper

Raksa = Mercury Timbal = Lead

Seng = Zinc



Temperature observation is done at different times, namely

in the morning and in the afternoon; the temperature is only

measured on the surface taking into account that river depth

in the observation site is less than one meter. Observation

result shows that temperature on the surface layer and inside

layer does not have any differences, ranging from 27.2 to

30.6 ºC with average temperature of 29.4 ºC.

The condition of waters is generally clear indicated by

suspended solid concentration ranging from 3 to 38 mg / l

with average of 3 mg / l. The highest suspended solid

concentration is found in Bakung River at its upstream part

from the projected site for transmission pipe track line. This

is caused by input of runoff water which contains eroded soil.

Increase in suspended solid will increase turbidity and

reduce clarity which will further affect photosynthetic process

of microorganisms in the river. By taking into account the

above indications, basically the water areas around the

project site show very good condition for biological activities

of river water area.

Acid degree (pH) of the river water area is generally slightly

alkaline with average of 7.87. This is related to rocky

condition of water environment which contributes to the

alkaline condition of the river waters. Natural pH decrease

can take place due to respiration influence, on the contrary



pH increase can incur due to photosynthetic process.

However, this change of pH in the river is still within narrow

range, namely 7.87 – 8.14. This implies that the role of

respiration process of organic materials which can decrease

pH in waters is still little. The load of organic materials is

usually high in areas with dense settlement and other

human’s activities. In other words, the environment around

the river does not have too many settlement areas or other

human’s activities.

Dissolved oxygen concentration in the river water can come

from physical process (diffusion and turbulence) and

biological process (photosynthesis). Dissolved oxygen is

very important in river water area because it highly

determines water biochemical process which will maintain

the level of water quality. Dissolve oxygen concentration in

river water is averagely 7.18 mg / l with range of 5.31 – 8.32

mg / l. The lowest dissolved oxygen level is found in

Bonebalantak River, but the quality of the water area is still

good because it is still above the quality standard of water

quality (Indonesian Government Regulation No. 32/2001).

Organic material concentration in this analysis is shown by

COD and BOD values which reflect the oxygen quantity used

to reduce organic materials by microorganisms. In other

words, the higher organic material value is, the higher COD



and BOD values will be. Organic materials in the waters can

be from both natural materials, such as plant remains, and

anthropogenic materials, such as domestic waste or human’s

activities which directly uses river through their activities, e.g.

bathing and washing. COD value is generally still relatively

good with average of 23.16 mg / l which is still below water

quality standard. However, there are several rivers whose

COD value exceeds the quality standard, such as Sinorang,

Bonebalantak and Bakung Rivers. The BOD value is

generally slightly above the quality standard, with average of

4.56 mg / l. The facts that difference in the two COD

parameters is still lower than the quality standard and the

BOD value is higher than the quality standard show that

there is more gradable organic material than the non-

gradable one. These gradable organic materials are

estimated to come from domestic activities, considering that

several observation posts are still relatively close to villages.

However, it seems that this exceeding BOD value can be

processed in river irrigation system to keep the good water

quality.

Sulfide content in water can be from the activities of sulfate

reducing bacteria in the water. These bacteria usually

reduces sulfate for decomposing process in anaerobic /

anoxic water condition. Therefore, sulfide concentration can

be used as an indicator for the decreasing water quality. ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


Sulfide concentration at observed stations shows very low

value namely < 0.001 mg / l for the entire observed water

areas. This can be understood because the dissolved

oxygen is highly sufficient in the entire water columns for

aquatic biological metabolism activities. The sulfide value

confirms the statement that COD existence and high BOD

still supports good/ water quality. High BOD and low

dissolved oxygen concentration will lead to anoxia condition

which is usually characterized by high sulfide concentration.

The most commonly found inorganic nitrogen concentration

in quality water analysis is nitrate and ammonia. Nitrate

compound is a compound formed through ammonia

nitrification process; on the contrary, ammonia can be

produced by denitrification process where nitrate is reduced

to become ammonia. In addition, ammonia in water can

come from metabolism process of aquatic organisms and

also decomposing process of organic materials, especially

organic nitrogen group. This compound is toxic if the

concentration is relatively high. However, in waters,

ammonia will form balance with ammonium ions which are

highly functional as an effective nutrient other than nitrate.

At natural pH of almost 91% ammonia will be in the form of

ammonium ion. Average concentration of nitrate and

ammonia in river water is 0.085 mg / l with range of 0.055 –

0.134 mg / l. Based on survey result on nitrite and ammonia ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi


parameters, the condition of waters is generally still good

because it is still below the quality standard for river water

quality (Indonesian Government Regulation No. 32 / 2001).

Fenol is also a toxic chemical compound found in the water

which is dangerous for the life of organisms. Although this

compound can usually be related to the indication of oil

component, fenol compound can also be formed naturally,

namely from the degradation of lignin component which is a

part of a plant (Killops and Killops, 1992). Thus, fenol

compound will be detected in coastal areas affected by forest,

swamp and turf areas. Fenol component found in river

waters observed is averagely 0.233 mg / l with range of

0.011 – 1.030 mg / l. This fenol concentration exceeds the

quality standard for river water quality (Indonesian

Government Regulation No. 32 / 2001). It is worth noted that

in the surrounding area of the project site there is a forest

area, so that it is highly likely that this fenol compound is a

part of terrestrial organic material component, including

humus which is brought by runoff water to the river.

The result of observation to oil and fat concentration

generally shows higher values than the quality standard for

river water quality (Indonesian Government Regulation No.

32 / 2001). Oil and fat concentration during the entire

observation is still < 0.01 mg / l. Oil and fat can be from land




inputs (run off and estuary), particularly in areas with high

domestic activities. In this observation location, there are

only a few numbers of settlement area located near the river.

This argument confirms the statement in the above

paragraph with regard to the relatively high fenol compound

which is not anthropogenic.

Naturally heavy metals are also natural components of

elements found in the water, but usually in very low

concentration, namely < 5 ppm, so this element is classified

as a “trace” element. The result of observation on heavy

metal relatively varies depending on the type of the heavy

metal. Zinc is a heavy metal with relatively high average

concentration, i.e. 0.06, with ranges of 0.009 – 0.217 mg / l.

On the other hand, mercury, cadmium, copper and lead are

still low and below the quality standard for river water quality

(Indonesian Government Regulation No. 32 / 2001).

Increase in heavy metals in river waters basically clearly

shows the anomaly condition caused by natural rock

weathering process and waste disposal process. In project

site area, heavy metal concentration is predicted to come

from weathering of rock from geological formation (such as

Maluhu and Mafic) which composes rock structure in the

eastern arm of Sulawesi.


5.1.9.2 Sea Water Quality

In baseline study for sea water quality, there area three

observation locations, namely around Bangkiriang, Senorang

and Nonong Beaches. Water quality of rivers around the

study site plan generally shows good condition according to

observation on physic and chemical parameters. The

observation result in the three locations is briefly shown in

Table 5.18.

The condition of sea water area is generally very good

according to temperature and suspended concentration

parameters. Range of sea water temperature is 29.9 –

30.5 °C which is observed during the day. Similarly,

suspended solid concentration ranges from 3 to 12 mg / l

and turbidity ranges from 0.39 to 0.79 NTU. These two

parameters are still below the sea water quality standard for

marine biota life (Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 /

2004). Turbidity in marine waters generally comes from

riverine materials in addition to organic materials coming

from plankton organisms. Part of these materials will

contribute to the suspended material component in water

which will affect penetration level of sunlight. Material input

from rivers during observation is very little. This can be seen

in the previous Table 5.18 that total suspended material

concentration in river water is still low.




Table 5.18 Observation Result of Sea Water Quality around the Project Site

1) Sea Water Quality Standard for Marine Biota (Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004)

Notes: Fisika = Physics Suhu = Temperature Kekeruhan = Turbidity Kimia = Chemistry Salinitas = Salinity Oksigen Terlarut = Dissolved Oxygen Minyak dan Lemak = Oil and Fat Tembaga = Copper Raksa = Mercury Timbal = Lead Seng = Zinc Alami = Natural Baku Mutu = Quality Standard Satuan = Unit

Salinity shows dissolved salt concentration in sea water and

the value can vary due to not only fresh water input, such as

river water, but also rain process. Observation result on

water salinity value shows a range which can be considered

as relatively the same with range of 31 – 32 ‰. This shows

that the condition of coastal water is affected more by the

sea condition than by fresh water. This is related to the

geographical condition of beach which faces Banda Sea.

Acid level (pH) of sea waters also shows normal condition for

alkaline sea water. In general, sea water pH index

particularly in surface waters, whose balance with ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 66



atmosphere is 8.3, is ± 0.1 (Millero and Sohn, 1992).

Decrease in pH can happen due to respiration; on the

contrary, increase in pH is possible due to photosynthetic

process. However, change in pH in the sea is usually very

minor considering that sea water has good buffer capacity.

Survey result on pH index in the study area shows a range of

8.00 – 8.23.

Dissolved oxygen is very crucial in the sea because it highly

determines water biochemical process which will maintain

water quality level. In sea waters, the role of physic process

(diffusion and turbulence) due to circulation process of water

mass and wave which is the key contributor in addition to

biological process (photosynthesis). The observation result

shows that dissolved oxygen concentration varies relatively

narrow, namely 6.51 – 7.33 mg / l. The range of measurable

oxygen at all observation stations indicates that the quality of

waters area is good according to the sea water quality

standard for marine biota life (Decree of Environment

Minister No. 51 / 2004).

BOD index shows that the good condition of sea water

quality, namely ranging from 1.18 to 6.00 mg / l or below the

sea water quality standard for marine biota life (Decree of

Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004). The highest index,

such as in waters surrounding Nonong Beach, is predicted to




relate with organic material input from the surrounding

settlement areas as the area is in the vicinity of village areas.

This good quality is also supported by the low sulfide

concentration which is < 0.001 mg / l. This indicates that

domination process of aerobically aquatic biological process.

This is because sulfide concentration in sea water generally

appears due to high load of organic materials. In such

condition the activities of sea water sulfate reducing bacteria

will use sulfate as substitute oxidizer. Therefore, the low

sulfide concentration can be used as an indicator of water

quality in the areas with good observation result.

The lowest detected nitrate concentration in sea water is

0.008 mg / l at Nonong Beach and 0.310 mg / l at Senorang.

On the contrary, the lowest detected ammonia concentration

is 0.084 mg / l in Bangkiriang and 0.137 mg / l in Nonong.

Ammonia concentration is generally still good because it is

still below the sea water quality standard for marine biota life

(Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004). Nitrate and

ammonia are the most common compounds found in waters

area. Nitrate compound is formed through ammonia

nitrification process while ammonia can be from

denitrification process where nitrate is reduced to become

ammonia. In addition, ammonia in water can come from

aquatic organism metabolism process and organic material




decomposition process, especially of organic nitrogen group.

Relatively high concentration of this compound is toxic.

However, in waters ammonia will form a balance with

ammonium ions which are highly functional as effective

nutrient in addition to nitrate. At natural pH almost 91%

ammonia will be in the form of ammonium ion (Millero and

Sohn, 1992).

Observed fenol component in sea waters shows relatively

similar concentration, namely 0.018 mg / l. This fenol

concentration is slightly above the sea water quality standard

for marine biota life (Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 /

2004). Fenol is a chemical compound found in sea water

which is toxic for organisms. Although this compound can

usually be related to the indication of oil component, fenol

compound can also be formed naturally, namely from the

degradation of lignin component which is a part of a plant

(Killops and Killops, 1992). Thus, fenol compound will be

detected in coastal areas which are affected by forest areas.

It is highly likely that forest and vegetation areas found

around the beach is a part of terrestrial organic material

components, including humus, which is brought by runoff

water to the sea.

The result of observation to oil and fat concentration

generally shows lower values (< 0.01 mg / l) than the sea




water quality standard for marine biota life (Decree of

Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004). Oil and fat in the sea

can come from land input (run off and river estuary),

particularly in areas with high domestic activities and

fishermen’s transportation, especially in coastal area.

However, the impact of such various activities to the project

site is still very little.

Heavy metals, except for mercury, also have high

concentration. Those metal elements are cadmium, copper,

lead and nickel whose concentrations have exceeded the

sea water quality standard for marine biota life (Decree of

Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004). Naturally, heavy

metals are also natural components of elements found in sea

water, but usually in very low concentration, namely < 5 ppm,

so this element is classified as a “trace” element (Millero and

Sohn, 1992). Heavy metals in sea water tend to be low at all

times due to marine natural phenomenon where dissolved

metals will be adsorbed by suspended materials in water

column (adsorption process) followed with suspended

material sedimentation process. The observation result

shows nickel concentration of 0.420 – 0.590 mg / l, lead

concentration of 0.400 – 0.460 mg / l, cadmium

concentration of 0.08 – 0.130 mg / l, and copper

concentration of 0.090 – 0.110 mg / l.




Increase in heavy metals in sea water comes from river

water input which has carried some of the results of rock

weathering process in the upstream areas. As elaborated in

Sub-chapter on Geology, some parts of eastern Sulawesi are

composed of several formations predicted to contain metal

minerals. These formations are estimated to have exposed

and weathered which further will contribute to river water

chemical composition that will cumulate in the sea.

5.1.9.3 Well Water Quality

In addition to observation on river and sea water qualities,

observation has also been conducted on several

community’s wells found around the project site. Selected

locations for community’s well observation are around

Senoro 2 and Senoro 3 clusters. Details on this parameter

and the observation result are shown in Table 5.19.

Table 5.19 Observation Result on Well Water Quality around the Project Site




1) Clean Water Quality Standard (Decree of Health Minister No. 416 / 1990)

Notes: Fisika = Physics Suhu = Temperature Kekeruhan = Turbidity Kimia = Chemistry Oksigen Terlarut = Dissolved Oxygen Kesadahan Total = Total Betel Lime Tembaga = Copper Raksa = Mercury Timbal = Lead Seng = Zinc Alami = Natural Baku Mutu = Quality Standard Satuan = Unit

Based on the above observation result, all measured

parameters, both physic and chemical ones, show good

values because the values are still below Clean Water

Quality Standard (Decree of Health Minister No. 416 / 1990).

This can be seen from physic parameters, such as

temperature and turbidity whose values are 26.8 – 27.9 °C

and 0.20 – 0.22 NTU, respectively. The value condition

shows that the water quality of the two wells has similarity.

Chemical properties of water, such as pH, dissolved oxygen,

total betel lime, chloride and nitrate, are still below Clean

Water Quality Standard (Decree of Health Minister No. 416 /

1990). Several other chemical parameters which can be

used as indicators of activity impact to water quality of

community’s wells include sulfide, TPH and heavy metals.

This is very important because these wells are located near




activity wells which can contribute the concentration of these

three compounds to water wells through seepage process.

All these parameters are still below the quality standard for

drinking water, so it can be said that the quality of well water

is still not contaminated.

5.1.9.4 River Water Sediment Quality

Result of observation on sediment in several rivers physically

and chemically is presented in Table 5.29 and these data

are supported with result of analysis of sediment texture

where sand substrate is very dominant, namely reaching the

average of 96.44%. On the other hand, clayey soil and clay

seems to give minor contribution to such structure, namely,

1.14 and 2.41% consecutively. This is in line with the

condition of the area, which is rocky, along the river being

the observation object. Sand domination in the sediment is

related with the geological condition of soil around the project

site which is inseparable from the surrounding area of

Banggai Regency, namely the formations which include

Maluhu, Nanaka, Bongka and Kintom, which contain

sandstone.

Chemical property of the sediment is shown by relatively

high concentration of heavy metals, such as mercury, lead,




zinc and nickel. This condition is also predicted to be related

to the geological condition of the area, particularly in the

upstream area with mafic complex (ophiolic). Weathering

process within a long period of time has contributed to the

chemical composition of the sediment along the river.

Table 5.20 Average, minimum and maximum results of observation on

sediment characteristics of rivers around the Project Site Plan

Source: 2) Canadian Sediment Quality Guideline for he Protection of Aquatic Life

Notes: Satuan = Unit Rata-rata = Average Pasir = Sand Lanau = Silt Lempung = Clay Besi = Iron Mangan = Manganese Tembaga = Copper Raksa = Mercury Timbal = Lead Seng = Zinc Minyak lemak = Fat Oil

5.1.9.5 Marine Sediment Condition

There are three sediment observation locations in sea area

around the project site, namely Bangkiriang, Senorang and




Nonong. Similarly to river area, sea sediment texture is also

dominated by sand (Table 5.20). In Bangkiriang and

Senorang areas this sandy beach condition is related to the

existence of estuary. Bangkiriang and Senorang Rivers are

estimated to become the key contributors to sediment quality,

especially with regard to sediment texture. In these two

areas no coral rocks have been found, except in Nonong

area where coral rocks are found.

Similarly to river sediment, heavy metal concentration also

has high concentration. Coastal sediment characteristics are

basically closely related to river sediment because some of

the river sediment can be carried by river water, particularly

when water debit is high during wet season. This can be

seen from the proportion of heavy metals which is relatively

the same with river sediment and marine sediment.

Table 5.20 Average, minimum and maximum results of observation on

sediment characteristics of the sea around the Project Site Plan




Sources: 1) Chester (1990)

2) Canadian Sediment Quality Guideline for he Protection of Aquatic Life

Notes: Satuan = Unit Liat Laut = Marine Clay Pasir = Sand Debu = Dust Lempung = Clay Tembaga = Copper Raksa = Mercury Timbal = Lead Seng = Zinc Minyak lemak = Fat Oil

5.1.10 Spatial

Regional spatial plan of Banggai Regency covers regional spatial

structure plan, spatial use pattern plan, and regional facility and

infrastructure development plan.

Regional spatial structure of Banggai Regency is especially designed

by center for service, transportation infrastructure and primary

functional activities. Based on its territorial function, regional

development structure of Banggai Regency is conducted according to

3 (three) development areas, namely :

1. South Development Area, functioning as Southern main area,

consists of Luwuk, East Luwuk, Kintom, Batui, West Toili and Toili

Sub-districts, with Luwuk as the center of South Development Area.

2. North Development Area, functioning as supporting area, consists

of Bunta and Pagimana Sub-districts, with Bunta as the center of

North Development Area.




3. East Development Area, functioning as Eastern supporting area,

consists of Bualemo, Balantak, Masama and Lamala Sub-districts,

with Bualemo as the center of East Development Area.

Spatial use pattern of Banggai Regency for 2003 – 2013 (Picture

5.12) in the outline covers protected area and cultivation area.

To attain the objectives of sustainable development in Banggai

Regency, the first stage of spatial use planning is to secure the

protected area by confirming delineation and management

directions. The next stage is to allocate cultivation area for various

cultivation activities in accordance with natural resources potential,

location position, and land appropriateness with the characteristics

of intended activities. The entire total area of protected area and

area with protection function is around 46.54% of the total area of

land use in Banggai Regency.

The pattern of spatial use for cultivation area in Banggai Regency is

allocated for:

• Forest cultivation area, comprising fixed production forest area,

conversion forest area, and people’s forest area;

• Agricultural cultivation area, comprising wet land crops farming

area, dry land crops farming area, yearly crops and plantation

area, fishery area, and livestock area;




• Non-agricultural cultivation area, comprising oil and gas mining

area, industrial area, tourism area, and urban and rural

settlement areas.

Mining area, as a part of non-agricultural cultivation area, is

allocated for natural gas mining activity, C class minerals, and other

minerals. Natural gas mining area is allocated in Batui area, while

other mining is located in areas with potential minerals. Natural gas

mining is an extraction activity which is a part of natural gas

processing industry which is planned to have its location in Kintom.

For natural gas exploration activity located in Toili and Batui as

much as ± 5 ha of land needs to be acquired. Article 33 of Law No.

22 Year 2001 regarding Oil and Gas emphasizes that oil and gas

activity cannot be done in cemetery location, places considered

sacred, public facilities and infrastructure, natural preservation,

cultural preservation, customary community’s land; field / square

and state defense building and the surroundings; historical and

state symbol building; building, house or factory and the

surroundings, unless authorized / permitted by the government

institution and approved by the community or by individual.

Regional infrastructure development in Banggai Regency,

especially transportation, is the main priority in order to minimize

development gap among the South part of Banggai Regency with

the North and East parts. In addition to land transportation, namely

road network, sea and air transportation infrastructure also




becomes the attention to improve the capacity of distribution and

collection of goods, services, and passengers’ movement.

Development of supporting facilities and infrastructure to strengthen

regional economic basis, not only primary and secondary, but also

tertiary is also crucial to elevate the economy of Banggai Regency

as a whole.

5.2 Biological Environmental Component

5.2.1 Terrestrial Biota

5.2.1.1 Vegetation

Observation result shows that the vegetation found in the

study area can be classified into three groups, namely low

land rain forest vegetation, mangrove forest vegetation, and

cultivation vegetation.

Low land rain forest vegetation can be seen in Bangkiriang

Animal Conservation area. Most of this area is dry land and

land that can be flooded at any time.

Mangrove forest found in the study area is mostly located

along Bangkiriang River and Nonong Beach. According to

the ecosystem, distribution of mangrove vegetation is from

the coastal line up to the river upstream, with species

distribution generally dominated by Rhizophora sp. species.




Cultivation vegetation is the vastest type of vegetation found

around the location. This vegetation is community’s

plantation area around the projected location for gas

pipeline. The plantation location is mostly found at the back

of community’s settlement area. This plantation area varies,

from the topographic perspective, starting from flat up to

undulating areas.

1) Low Land Rain Forest Vegetation

Low land rain forest vegetation is represented by

Bangkiriang Animal Conservation forest area. This area

in its history is an ex Forest Management Right (Hak

Pengusahaan Hutan – HPH) area.

Analysis result shows that this vegetation is a Nyatoh –

Penjalinan association, where Nyatoh species is the

dominant species (NP = 20.38%) and Penjalinan is the

co-dominant one (NP = 19.72%). In this analysis there

are 31 species of tree level with diversity index of 3.3.

At pole level there are 31 species, with dominant

species are Nyatoh-Kenari and Matoa, each with INP

index of 36.47% and 26.13%. This diversity index at

pole level is 3.18. At seedling level there are 15

species with dominant species are Laban, Matoa and

Kolot Kambing. Diversity index at this level is 2.6.




Vegetation analysis conducted on shrubs found 22

shrub species. This vegetation type is the type

dominated by reed species with INP index of 59.74 and

diversity index of 2.85.

Table 5.22 Vegetation Species Composition and Variation at Tree Level in

Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Area

Notes: Nama Lokal = Local Name Nama Botani = Botanical Name

Table 5.23 Vegetation Species Composition and Variation at Pole Level in






Table 5.24 Vegetation Species Composition and Variation at Seedling Level

in Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Area


Table 5.25 Vegetation (Shrub) Species Composition and Variation in






Picture 5.13 Samples of Vegetation in Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Area

2) Mangrove Vegetation

Result of analysis on mangrove vegetation which has

been done at Nonong Beach shows that there are 5

species of mangrove vegetation in the mangrove forest.

The dominant one is api-api species (Avicennia sp.).

Table 5.26 Vegetation Analysis Result at Mangrove Forest (Nonong)

Note: Nama Jenis = Species name

Picture 5.14 Samples of Mangrove Vegetation at Nonong Beach




3) Cultivation Vegetation

Observation result on cultivation vegetation is listed

down in Table 5.27. The entire cultivation areas

observed are mixed gardens / plantations owned by the

villagers.

Table 5.27 Vegetation Analysis Result (Floristic Data) in Cultivation Area





85

Picture 5.15 Samples of Cultivation Vegetation in Project Site Plan


5.2.1.2 Wild Animals

a. Habitat

Habitat of an organism is the place for that organism to

live or a place where someone has to go to find the

organism. Habitat of wild animal is where a wild animal

species fulfills all its living needs, not only food, water

source, mineral salt, shelter, reproduction place,

nesting, but also a place which highly determines the

survival of a wild animal’s life or species.

Result of observation along the projected area for

pipeline and other supporting facilities discloses the

vegetation species found there are also the type of wild

animals’ habitats which consist of natural forest

vegetation (Bangkiriang Animal Conservation),

cultivation vegetation, mangrove forest, and beach

vegetation.

This natural forest vegetation is an ex forest area

developed under Forest Management Right (HPH)

which is, based on the prevailing laws and regulations,

Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Area. This type of

forest is dominated by Nyatoh, Penjalinan and Matoa

species. The vertical structure and horizontal projection

of vegetation covering as one of the indicators of habitat




quality is classified as good, although certain areas

have already become open areas.

Species of wild animals often found in this natural forest

habitat are, among others, mammals (boar, bat, fruit

eating bat), primates (long tailed ape), and birds

(hornbill, pergum, parrot, and maleo). Shrubs and

meadow are ex dry farm / used areas by the villagers.

In these habitats, wild animals often found are boar and

birds, such as quail, swift, and swallow.

b. Wild Animal Species Richness

1) Birds

Bird species composition and relative abundance

found in the natural forest are presented in Table

5.28.

Table 5.28 Bird Species Composition and Relative Abundance in Natural

Forest Habitat




2) Mammals

Based on observation result and information from

the surrounding villagers, in the habitats there are

5 species of mammals. Mammal species and

habitats are presented in Table 5.29.

Species of wild mammals found in those habitats

are dwarf buffalo (anoa), deer pig, boar, monkey,

bat and fruit-eating bat.

Table 5.29 Wild Mammal Species

No. Name Habitat Status Data Source Remarks

1. Dwarf buffalo (anoa) Natural forest Protected Interview Rare

2. Deer pig Natural forest Protected Interview Rare

3. Boar Natural forest Shrubs

Not protected Field observation Many




4. Fruit-eating bat Natural forest Shrubs


5. Bat Natural forest Shrubs


5.2.2 Aquatic Biota

Aquatiq biota components observed consist of plankton, benthos,

nekton (fish resources) and coral reef. Details on environmental

baseline of each aquatic biota are given below based on primary data.

5.2.2.1 Plankton

Plankton, especially phytoplankton, is a vital aquatic

microorganism as the key chain, namely as the primary

producer, in food chain. The results of laboratory analysis on

phytoplankton abundance and diversity in waters area are

listed in Table 5.30 for river waters area and Table 5.31 for

sea waters area. Zooplankton is presented in Table 5.32 for

river waters area and Table 5.33 for sea waters area.

Laboratory analysis results are given in Attachment 5.




Table 5.30 Phytoplankton Species and Abundance in River Waters Area

Observation Stations

Organism Upper Kayowa

River

Lower Bakung

River

Sinorang River

Bonebalantak Bahu River Upper Bakung

River

Lower Kayowa

River No. of Equivocal 14 11 16 15 14 16 15 No. of Individual / liter 4,097,000 2,397,000 192,100 780,300 2,388,500 476,000 118,000 Diversity Index 0.69 0.71 0.91 0.75 0.82 0.98 1.01 Equitaility Index 0.61 0.69 0.75 0.64 0.72 0.82 0.85 Dominance Index 0.32 0.30 0.18 0.26 0.20 0.14 0.13


Phytoplankton species found in the seven observation

stations at rivers is included in five classes, namely

Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Chlorophyceae,

Bacillariophyceae, and Dinophyceae (Attachment 5). Of

those five classes, Bacillariophyceae class has the largest

species abundance. From this class, there area four species

(Nitzschia, Gomphonema, Navicula, and Fragillaria) which

are always present at each observation staton. In addition,

from other classes, it is only Phormidium of Cyanophyceae

class that can be seen at each observation station. Plankton

abundance ranges from 108,000 individuals / liter at

Downstream of Kayowa River Station to 4,097,000

individuals / liter at Upstream of Kayowa River Station. In

terms of abundance, Bacillariophyceae class is the most

abundant, followed by, consecutively, Cyanophyceae and

Chlorophyceae. Two other classes have lower abundance

index. Equitaility index at each station ranges from 0.61 to

0.85; this shows that phytoplankton community is relatively



balance and stable. In other words, the condition of waters

area is still good.

Table 5.31 Zooplankton Species and Abundance in River Waters Area

Observation Stations

Organism Upper Kayowa

River

Lower Bakung

River

Sinorang River

Bonebalantak Bahu River Upper Bakung

River

Lower Kayowa

River No. of Equivocal 1 3 0 3 5 4 0 No. of Individual / liter 515 3,248 0 4,176 2,163 1,236 0 Diversity Index 0 0.47 0 0.48 0.67 0.60 0 Equitaility Index 0 0.98 0 1.00 0.96 1.00 0 Dominance Index 1.000 0.34 0 0.33 0.220 0.25 0

Zooplankton species found in the waters area is very few

(Attachment 5), even at two stations no zooplankton has

been found. It is rather difficult to make a conclusion on this

matter.

Table 5.32 Phytoplankton Species and Abundance in Sea Waters Area

Observation Station Organism

Bangkiriang Senorang Estuary Nonong Number of Equivocal 15 11 5 Number of Individual / liter 697,500 219,300 69,700 Diversity Index 0.52 0.53 0.54 Equitaility Index 0.44 0.50 0.77 Dominance Index 0.50 0.48 0.37

In sea waters, three classes of phytoplankton are found,

namely Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Dinophyceae

(Attachment 5). Similarly to river waters, in the sea,

Bacillariophyceae class has the largest abundance; it is even




the most abundant. This has resulted in balance among the

lower number species and dominance is incurred by

Bacillariophyceae class.

Table 5.33 Zooplankton Species and Abundance in Sea Waters Area

Observation Station Organism

Bangkiriang Senorang Estuary Nonong Number of Equivocal 4 6 4 Number of Individual / liter 2,678 7,207 2,163 Diversity Index 0.69 0.56 0.55 Equitaility Index 0.98 0.72 0.92 Dominance Index 0.21 0.37 0.31

The most zooplankton class found in sea waters is

Copepoda, covering six species, namely Calanus, Oithona,

Corycaeus, Calocalanus, and Cyclop (Attachment 5).

5.2.2.2 Benthos

Benthos found in each observation station, both in the rivers

and in the sea, is only one species, as presented in

Attachment 5. Few benthos in the rivers is something very

common. Few benthos at coastal area is because the area

is sand with insufficient organic rocks as its food source.




Table 5.34 Benthos Species and Abundance in Waters Area around the

Project Site Plan

Observation Stations Organism Bangkiriang

Beach Bonebalantak Sinorang

Estuary Upper River

Batui Upper Bakung

Lower Kayowa

No. of Equivocal 66 22 0 22 0 0 0 No. of Individual / liter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Diversity Index 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Equitaility Index 0 0.98 0 1.00 0.96 1.00 0 Dominance Index 1.0 1.0 0 1.0 0 0 0

5.2.2.3 Nekton

Nekton is limited to animals that can perform active

movements in the waters. In this report, it is focused more

on fish (Pisces). Additionally it can be informed that in the

waters area in the study area many dolphins (Dugong

dugong) have been found, which are included as protected

mammals. Several nekton species found in the study area

are completely presented in Table 5.35.

Table 5.35 Fish Species in Banggai Waters Area




Notes: Nama Indonesia = Indonesian Name

Nama Ilmiah = Scientific Name

5.2.2.4 Coral Reef

Reef is important massive sediment of calcium carbonate

produced particularly by coral (Filum Cnidaria, Anthozoa

class, Madreporaria order = Scleractina) with a little limey

algae and other organisms which produce calcium carbonate.

Based on observation on coral reef at 4 locations in the

coastal areas in the study area, coral reef is found in the

waters area in front of Nonong Village, while at the other

three observation stations, no coral reef has been found

(sandy basic substrate).

Table 5.36 Observation Result on the Existence of Coral Reef at 4 Locations




Coral reef found in the observation locations in the waters

area in front of Nonong Village is reef that composes each

other, closed to the land and bordered by waters area which

is not too deep. This type of coral reef grows along the

beach so that it is called fringing reef.

Coral reef observation in this location is done at depth

intervals of 3 – 7 meters. The observation is done based on

the most optimal growth quality of coral, namely depth of

waters that can still get the most light penetration (Nybakken,

1988). Coral reef basic composing components observed

are classifed based on Structural Analysis of Life Form,

where this method is based on analysis of growth form

differences in composing corals of coral reef ecosystem

which is the illustration of community structure and the

condition of the habitat it lives in.

The percentage of total covering of coral reef composing

biota in the waters area in front of Nonong Village is 63.2%;

the rest consists of dead coral (DC), dead coral with algae




(DCA), and other abiotic factors (37.8%). This means that

coral covering in the waters area in front of Nonong Village is

included in the criteria of good. Total coral covering

percentage can be seen in Table 5.37.

Table 5.37 Total Covering Percentage of Coral Reef Ecosystem Composing

Biota in Waters Area in front of Nonong Village

Code Growth Form Covering Percentage (%) CM Coral Massive 12.2 CF Coral Foliose 9.3 CB Coral Branching 6.7 CMR Coral Mushroom 0.5 ACD Acropora Digitate 5.8 ACB Acropora Branching 6.9 ACT Acropora Tabulate 6.2 ACS Acropora Submassive 14.4 SC Soft Coral 0.2 DCA Dead Coral with Algae 28.2 DC Cead Coral 9.6

In terms of the condition of coral reef in this waters area, it is

likely be dominated by the existence of hard coral, while soft

coral is only found in small amount. Types of hard coral

dominantly found in the observation locations are coral

massive (CM), coral foliose (CF), Acropora Digitate (ACD),

Acropora Branching (ACB), and Acropora Submassive

(ACS).


Picture 5.16 Condition of Coral Reef in the Waters Area in front of Nonong

Village



The condition of coral reef in this waters area is relatively

more maintained, because the community has more

conciously participated actively in preserve their environment.

This condition is represented by the inexistence of fishing

activity by using bomb or potasium cyanide by the fishermen

in this area.

5.3 Social Component

Senoro gas field development and pipeline installation activities are estimated to

have impacts to the people residing around the gas field and pipeline, namely

Slametharjo, Toili and Molong (Saluan Village) Villages in Toili Sub-District; Sinorang,

Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang, Lamo, Honbola and

Uso Villages in Batui Sub-district; and Kalolos, Tangkiang, and Padang Villages in

Kintom Sub-district. Villages imposed by impacts for flowline alternative I are Toili

and Saluan Villages (Moilong Quarter) and for alternative 2 is Slametharjo Village.

Village imposed by impacts for jetty development plan alternative 1 is Nonong

Village and for alternatives 2 and 3 is Sinorang Village.

5.3.1 Demography

5.3.1.1 Population Number and Density


Based on village monographic data of 2005, the population

number in the study area is 25,414 people with total number



of family is 6.405 heads of household. Based on this number,

the average family size is 3.9 people / head of household.

Total area of the study villagess is 1,035.12 km2, which

means the average population density is 25 people / km2.

Population density in the study villagess is lower than

population study in the study sub-districts which is 28 people

/ km2. Similarly to family size, it is lower in the study

villagess (3.9 people / head of household) than the study

sub-districts, namely 4.0 people / head of household. Total

number of population, population density, and family size in

the study sub-districts and village are presented in Table

5.38.

Table 5.38 Total Number of Population, Population Density, and Family Size

in the Study sub-districts




Source: Village Monography, December 2005; Kintom Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for

Statistics, May 2005; Batui Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005;

Toili Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005.

Notes: Kecamatan = Sub-district Desa = Village

Luas = Total Area Jumlah Penduduk = Total Number of Population

Jiwa = Soul / People Laki-laki = Male

Wanita = Female Jumlah = Tota

Kepadatan = Density KK = Kepala Keluarga = Head of Household

Ukuran = Size Jumlah Rata-rata = Average Total Number

Gender wise, the population of the study villagess consists of

12,717 male and 12,697 female. Gender ratio of male

population to female population is 101%, meaning in every

101 female population, there is 104 male population.

Based on population density classification according to Law

No. 56/prp/1960 (Table 5.39), the study area is included in

the criteria of the lowest density, namely included in area

which is not dense (rare) because the density is less than 50

people / km2, but if detailed by village, there is one village

whose dense criteria can be classified as relatively dense

area, namely Slametharjo Village. Population density in the

study area rages from 5 to 355 people / km2, with the

highest density in Slametharjo Village. The high population

density in that village is because the village is a

transmigration area whose land is very limited according to

the allocation given by the government. Table 5.38 shows

that households in the study area are classified as small




families, because the family size is averagely 3.9 people /

head of household, meaning each family has only averagely

2 – 3 children.


No. Population Denity (People / km2) Area Classification 1. 1 – 50 Not dense 2. 51 – 250 Less dense 3. 251 – 400 Relatively dense 4. > 400 Very dense

Source: Indonesian Law on Land Affairs, Jakarta, 1988

5.3.1.2 Population Growth Rate

Population growth rate in the study villagess is presented in

Table 5.40. In 2001, the total number of population in the

study villagess was 19,923 people. In 2005, the total

number experienced an increase an became 25, 414 people.

Based on this number, the average population growth rate in

the study villagess for the period of 2001 – 2005 was 6.275%

per year. Toili Sub-district experienced a negative growth

rate, namely -10.6% / year. Negative growth rate exists due

to expansion of Toili Sub-district area into two sub-districts,

namely Toili Sub-district and West Toili Sub-district.




Table 5.40 Population Growth Rate in the Study villagess for 2000 – 2005

Source: Village Monography, December 2005; Kintom Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for

Statistics, May 2005; Batui Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005;

Toili Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005.


Luas = Total Area Jumlah Penduduk = Total Number of Population

Jiwa = Soul / People Thn (Tahun) = Year

BTD (Belum Tersedia Data) = Data are not yet available

Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk = Population Growth Rate

5.3.1.3 Population Structure

a. Population Structure based on Age Group

The population of the study sub-districts consists of

23,236 children of 0 – 14 years old (28.8%), 51,898 adult

people (15 – 59 years old) (64.2%)and 5,674 elderlies (≥

60 years old) (7.0%) (Table 5.41). Based on that ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 101



composition the ratio of population dependence in the

study sub-districts is 55.7% which means every 100

people of productive ages must bear 56 people of non-

productive ages.

Table 5.41 Population Structure based on Age Group and Gender

Source: Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005.

Notes: Kecamatan = Sub-district Jumlah Penduduk = Total Number of Population

Persentase = Percentage Jumlah = Total

Jiwa = Soul / People

Based on Kelompok Umur = Based on Age Group

b. Population Structure based on Education Level

Prosperity level in an area, in addition to the availability of

natural resources potential, is determined by quality

human resources. This is also inseparable from the

average education level of the people. Education is also

one of the factors which will influence a person’s opinion

towards changes incurring in his environment and social

life. Formal education level of the people in the study

sub-districts is mostly low.




Survey result by the Central Agency for Statistics of

Banggai Regency indicates that 34% of people did not

graduate or have not yet graduated from the Primary

School (SD), while 40.8% of the villagers are Primary

School (SD) graduates. There are 12.2% of the villagers

are Junior High School (SMP) graduates, while 7.5% of

the villagers are Senior High School (SMA) educated.

Only 0.9% of the people are educated at academy and

0.6% of the people are holders of bachelor’s degree.

Population of the age of > 10 years old based on their

education levels is presented in Table 5.42.


No. Education Level Toili Batui Kintom Total No. Percentage (%) 1. Not / never go to school 1,925 750 123 2,798 4.0 2. Not / not yet graduate from

Primary School (SD) 14,954 5,829 2,815 23,598 34.0

3. Graduate from Primary School (SD)

16,165 7,614 4,528 28,307 40.8

4. Junior High School 4,225 2,169 2,044 8,438 12.2 5. Senior High School 2,391 1,588 1,208 5,187 7.5 6. Diploma / Academy 221 222 145 588 0.9 7. Bachelor’s Degree 153 129 131 413 0.6

Total 40,034 18,301 10,994 69,329 100 Source: Banggai Regency in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics of Banggai Regency, May 2005

In general education facility in the study area is still very

limited; this highly affects the quality of human resources

in the study location. Education facility available in each

village is education facility for Primary School (SD) level,

while Junior High School (SMP) and Senior High School




(SMA) levels are only available in the Sub-district, some

are only available in the Regency. Teachers are

sufficiently available which can be seen from student ratio

per teacher which is averagely less than 20, which means

that each teacher supervises not more than 20 students.

Obstacles faced in the efforts to increase basic and

advanced education quality and services are the limited

transportation facility to schools and the minimum

education supporting facilities, such as teacher’s books,

teaching demonstration tools, laboratory, and library.

Total number of education facilities in the study villagess

is presented in Table 5.43.

Table 5.43 Total Number of Education Facilities

Source: Village Monography, December 2005; Kintom Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics,

May 2005; Batui Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005; Toili Sub-district

in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005.


S (Sekolah) = School G (Guru) = Teacher

M (Murid) = Student




Jumlah Rata-rata untuk kecamatan studi = Average Total Number for Study sub-districts

Jumlah Rata-rata untuk desa studi = Average Total Number for Study villages

c. Population Structure based on Religion

Total number of population based on the religions beheld

is as follows: Islam (97.1%), Catholic (1.1%), Christian

(Protestant) (1.2%), Hindu (0.5%), and Buddha (0.1%)

which can be seen in Table 5.44. Harmony among the

religion beholders is well applied by the local people.

Each religion beholder can respect each other and

perform their religious obligations peacefully, without any

disturbances from people of other religions.

Table 5.44 Total Number of Population based on Religions

Source: Village Monography, December 2005; Sub-district in Figures 2005, Central Agency for Statistics, May

2005.


Jumlah Penganut = Total Number of Beholders Jiwa = Soul / People

Jumlah = Total Number






Worship facilities available are mosque, musholla

(praying room), church and temple. In the study villages

there are 32 units of mosque, 12 units of musholla

(praying room) and 10 units of church (Table 5.45). In

addition to performing worship in the mosque or musholla

(praying room), the Moslems also conduct Koran recital

activity at villagers’ houses in rotation. Similarly to the

Christians who also conduct masses at villagers’ houses

in rotation, in addition masses at the church.

Table 5.45 Total Number of Worship Facilities in the Study Villages

Source: Village Monography, December 2005; Sub-district in Figures 2005, Central Agency for Statistics,

May 2005.





Masjid = Mosque Musholla = Praying Room

Gereja = Church Pura = Hindu Temple

Vihara = Buddhist Temple Jumlah Fasilitas = Total Number of Facilities



5.3.1.4 Manpower

Manpower is one of the problems which are difficult to solve

at present. The total number of job seekers increases, but

the job opportunities decrease.

Based on the data of job seekers listed at the Office of

Manpower and Transmigration of Banggai Regency, it can

be seen that every year there are more and more job

seekers who cannot be channeled. This means that the

growth of job opportunities is not comparable to the growth of

job seekers.

Table 5.46 illustrates the total number of job seekers based

on their education levels registered in 2004 in comparison to

available job opportunities presented in Table 5.47, where

the discrepancy is significant, so that many job seekers

cannot be channeled according to available job opportunities.

Report from the Office of Manpower and Transmigration of

Banggai Regency indicates that there are 3,221 people of





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the work force who are listed as job seekers, out of which

only 812 people can be recruited, while the other 2,409

people have not.

Table 5.46 Registered Job Seekers based on Education Level and Gender in Banggai Regency for 2001 – 2004

Source: Office of Manpower and Transmigration of Banggai Regency, Central Agency for Statistics, 2005.

Notes: Tingkat Pendidikan = Education Level SD = Primary School

SLTP = Junior High School SMU = Senior High School

Sarjana = Bachelor’s Degree Lk (Laki-laki) = Male

Pr (Perempuan) = Female Tahun = Year

Table 5.47 Registered Job Opportunities based on Education Level and Gender in Banggai Regency for 2001 – 2004

Source: Village Monography, December 2005; Sub-district in Figures 2005, Central Agency for Statistics,

May 2005.

Notes: Tingkat Pendidikan = Education Level SD = Primary School

SLTP = Junior High School SMU = Senior High School

Sarjana = Bachelor’s Degree Lk (Laki-laki) = Male

Pr (Perempuan) = Female Tahun = Year



109

5.3.2 Economy

Dynamics and activities of local economy are inseparable from the

availability of economic facilities and infrastructure, such as farming

land, road, transportation, market, institution, and other various

productive activities.

5.3.2.1 Domestic Economy

a. Livelihood

Livelihood of the families in the study villages is mostly

farming with a proportion of 91.7% (Table 5.48).

Agricultural businesses commonly done are wet land

farming (rice field) and dry land farming. Wet land is

managed for rice / paddy cultivation, while dry land is

used for cultivation of plantation crops (coconut, cacao,

oil palm, rubber, etc.) and food crops (dry farm rice, corn,

cassava, etc.).

The numerous people conducting agricultural businesses

are due to the condition of the area whose majority is rice

fields and shrubs, which can be developed into land for

food crops plantation and mixed garden. People residing

along the beach, such as people of Lamo and Nonong

Villages (Coastal Nonong Quarter), earn their living by

becoming fishermen.



110

Table 5.48 Population based on Livelihood in the Study Villages

Source: Kintom Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005; Batui Sub-district in

Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005; Toili Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central

Agency for Statistics, May 2005.


Pertanian = Agricultural Farm Kerajinan = Craft

Perdagangan = Trade Angkutan = Transportation

Jasa = Service Lain-lain = Others

Persentase = Percentage



Some of the people in the study villages earn their living

by having double livelihoods, such as farmer who also

works as a fisherman or as a casual labor or an ojek rider.

Of a number of domestic respondents, 73.1% of heads of

household have double livelihood pattern or have a side

business. Those jobs are done one after each other



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according to the seasonal condition in the study area. At

the beginning of wet season, most people work on the

farm land. Once planting season has ended and while

waiting for harvest, they work as fishermen or casual

workers or ojek riders.

b. People’s Income

The main income source of the people in the study

villages is from crops products, namely rice / paddy,

coconut and cacao. The main income source of the

people living along the coast is fishing in the sea. In

addition, villagers also have side income sources, such

as wage as company worker / labor and ojek rider.

People’s income in the study village can be identified

through the people’s ways of living. As elaborated above,

the majority of the people there work as farmers, whose

income ranges from Rp 525,000 to 600,000 monthly.

Farming labor (cleaning cocoa or oil palm plantation area)

is paid a lump sum amount of around Rp 200,000 / Ha.

An area of 1 Ha is usually worked by 2 people for 5-6

days so that the average income of farming labor is

around Rp 16,500 – Rp 20,000 daily. Higher income will

be earned by the farmers who own the oil coconut

plantation with income of around Rp 900,000 – Rp

2,400,000 every month.



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People working as industrial labor / employees will have

different incomes, depending on the type of company and

position. Casual workers working from 06.00 to 12.00 will

earn Rp 25,000 daily without meals, while permanent

workers / employees will earn around Rp 750,000 – Rp

2,000,000 every month. Income of people working as

merchant ranges from Rp 725,000 to Rp 1,500,000 per

month. Fishermen’s income is between Rp 20,000 and

Rp 50,000 daily. Fishermen do not work regularly

everyday, but in average only 4-5 days weekly.

73% of domestic income is used for daily consumption.

The remaining is used for education, medical,

transportation and other expenses.

5.3.2.2 Natural Resources Economy

a. Land Use and Management Pattern

The use pattern of land resources around the project site

is mostly rice field, people’s plantation (coconut, cacao,

oil palm) and private plantation. Lands in the study

villages are dominated by mixed plants and rice.

At the beginning, land acquisition process by the people

of Saluan and Ta’a ethnic groups started with forest



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clearing for dry farming are which is usually closed to or

along the beach or road side. Dry farming area is usually

planted with cultivation vegetation species, such as dry

farming rice, cassava, corn, vegetables and fruits. In dry

farming activity, the majority of the people still do it

traditionally, namely chopping, cutting, planting and

harvesting. Fertility of land which has been planted 2-3

times will be decreasing so that it cannot be planted with

crops anymore. The land will usually be planted with

hard plants, such as coconut, cacao, oil palm, or fruits

(jackfruit, durian, cempedak, mango, etc.) before the area

is abandoned and becomes the possession of the

cultivator. However, with population growth and land

constraint, land possession cannot be undertaken

through land clearing anymore, but it can be done

through sell-purchase process or through inheritance

from parents.

In field land, farmers have possessed enough exposure

on semi modern farming, such as the use of fertilizers

and hand tractor. This is supported with the existence of

irrigation and the presence of transmigrants who have

introduced a more advanced farming system.

Transmigrants obtained their lands through allocation

from the government.



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Total area of land possession for settlement (house and

yard) is from 45 to 1,000 m2 with average total area of

150 m2. Total area of land possession for farming area

ranges from 1 to 6 Ha with average total area of 2 Ha /

head of household. Most of the land is yet to be provided

with ownership documentation.

a. Public-Owned Resources

Natural resources found around the study area consist of

farming and forest areas and water resources (sea and

water). Natural resources in the form of forest are fully

possessed by the government, so that people who want

to exploit forest commodities must obtain permit from the

government.

Public-owned resources are only sea and river. The sea

is used by the community, particularly traditional

fishermen as the source of living. In addition, sea is used

by the community as transportation line, while river is

used for bathing, washing and toileting as well as for

watering the field area. Existing rivers cannot be used for

transportation as they are very shallow.



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5.3.2.3 Local Economy

a. Accessibility

Villages in the study area are located very closed to road

access (asphalted road of Luwuk – Baturube). Type of

transportation commonly used by the villagers is land

transportation. In particular villages located along the

coast will use sea transportation, in addition to land

transportation. Types of vehicles found in the study area

are car, motorbike (ojek), and boat / vessel.

Roads predicted to be imposed by impacts of the activity

plan are Mata Timaling Road, at the intersection of Gori-

Gori market in Sinorang Village. The latest condition of

the road is Rumija of 8 meters wide whereas 5 meters of

the body road is asphalted and in good condition (no

holes). The road is a two-way road with no separator.

b. Traffic Volume

Traffic volume or flow is the total number of vehicles

passing by an observation point at a main road per time

unit.

Traffic volume is identified through manual traffic counting

survey which is done at observation point at road part

estimated to be impacted by activity plan. This way



116

primary data will be obtained which will illustrate the latest

traffic condition in the observation area. Traffic volume

data will be used to obtain traffic volume during rush

hours per PCU (Passenger Car Unit) unit per hour.

Traffic volume at Mata Timaling Road part (observation

point in front of Gori-gori market intersection) and its

composition are presented in Table 5.49 and Table 5.50.

Average daily traffic at Mata Timaling Road is 1,069 PCU

(Passenger Car Unit) with traffic of Luwuk – Toili trip of

53% and Toili – Luwuk trip of 47%.

Table 5.49 Traffic volume at Mata Timaling Road (Gori-gori market

intersection), from Luwuk to Toili, and its composition

Source: Primary Data, 2006 Notes: Jenis Kendaraan = Type of Vehicle SMP = Passenger’ Car Unit (PCU)

Mobil Tangki = Tank Vehicle Truk Gandeng = Tandem Truck

Lain-lain = Others Sepeda = Bicycle

Gerobak = Wagon, cart Jumlah = Total Number



117

Table 5.50 Traffic volume at Mata Timaling Road (Gori-gori market

intersection), from Toili to Luwuk, and its composition

Source: Primary Data, 2006 Notes: Jenis Kendaraan = Type of Vehicle SMP = Passenger’ Car Unit (PCU)

Mobil Tangki = Tank Vehicle Truk Gandeng = Tandem Truck

Lain-lain = Others Sepeda = Bicycle

Gerobak = Wagon, cart Jumlah = Total Number

c. Traffic Performance Rate and Degree of Saturation

In the US HCM (Highway Capacity Manual) 1994 road

performance is shown by Level of Service (LOS), namely

qualitative level reflecting driver’s perception on vehicle

driving quality. Level of service at a road part shows the

entire condition of that part of the road. Level of service

is determined based on quantitative values, such as

degree of saturation (DS) and speed of trip a, as well as

qualitative values, such as driver’s freedom / flexibility in

moving / selecting speed, degree of traffic obstacle and

convenience.

Level of Service is determined in an interval scale which

consists of 6 levels, namely A, B, C, D, E, and F where A



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is the highest level of service. Criteria of each level are

given in Table 5.51.

Table 5.51 Criteria of Traffic Level of Service

Level of Service Index Criteria

A Free flow, low volume and high speed, driver can chose the speed he desires.

B Stable flow, speed slightly limited by the traffic, volume of service used for outskirt road design.

C Stable flow, speed controlled by the traffic, volume of service used by urban road design.

D Instable flow, low speed.

E Instable flow, low and different speed, volume approaching capacity.

F Hampered flow, low speed, volume below capacity, many stops.

d. Degree of Saturation

Degree of saturation is defined as volume ratio to

capacity, used as the key factor in determining

performance level of road intersection and segment.

Degree of saturation value indicates whether or not that

particular road segment has capacity problem, because

capacity is defined as maximum traffic flow passing by a

point at the road which can be maintained per hour unit in

a certain condition. Based on HCM international

standard if DS is < 0.80, the condition is stable, but if DS

is 0.80 – 1.00, the condition is instable and if DS is > 1.00,



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the condition is critical. Table 5.52 shows road Level of

Service Index based on traffic degree of saturation.

Table 5.52 Level of Service Index based on Traffic Degree of Saturation

No. Road Level of Service Traffic Degree of Saturation 1 A ≤ 0.35 2 B ≤ 0.054 3 C ≤ 0.77 4 D ≤ 0.93 5 E ≤ 1 6 F > 1

Road capacity can be calculated using the following

formula:

C = Cp x FCw x FCsp x F Csf x FCcs

Remarks:

C = Real capacity

Cp = Basic capacity

FCw = Road part width factor

FCsp = Direction separator factor

FCsf = Side obstacle factor

FCcs = City size factor



120

The following Tables 5.53 up to 5.55 show the capacity

of Mata Timaling road estimated to be imposed by

impacts.

Table 5.53 Capacity of Mata Timaling Road Estimated to Be Impacted

Capacity Adjustment Factor Road Part

Basic Capacity

(PCU / hour) Lane Width Separator Side Obstacle City Size

Real Capacity (PCU / hour)

Mata Timaling 800 0.86 0.82 0.82 0.94 435 Source: Primary Data from Field Observation, 2006

Table 5.54 Traffic Volume and Degree of Saturation at Road Side Estimated to Be Impacted

Volume VCR Road Part

Morning Noon Afternoon Morning Noon Afternoon Mata Timaling 118.0 114.2 71.5 0.27 0.26 0.16 Source: Primary Data from Field Observation, 2006

Calculation result shows that DS in Mata Timaling road in

the morning, noon and afternoon is still stable at Level of

Service A. It means that traffic flow is relatively free,

vehicle volume is low and drivers are free to choose their

speeds. Hence, construction material transportation

activity passing by Mata Timaling road will not create any

significant disturbances to traffic flow.

Table 5.54 Traffic Volume and Degree of Saturation at Road Side Estimated to Be Impacted

Rush Hour Road Part

Morning Noon Afternoon Degree of Saturation 0.27 0.26 0.16 Speed (km / hour) 60 60 60 Level of Service Index A A A

Source: Primary Data from Field Observation, 2006



121

e. Sea Transportation

Banggai Regency, which is mostly located around the

beach, highly allows sea fleet to operate at existing ports,

for equal distribution of economic development and to

support passengers’ sea transportation.

Ports available in Banggai Regency are Luwuk,

Pagimana and Bunta Ports. In Mollong Hamlet, Saluan

Village, Toili Regency, there is also a port ex Forest

Management Right (HPH) which is in bad condition and

cannot be used anymore. When the company was still

active, the port in Mollong was also used by the public as

port for good transportation. In addition, in Lamo Village,

Batui Sub-district, there are 2 (two) units of special port,

namely special port for CPO (Crude Palm Oil)

transportation owned by PT Kurnia Luwuk Sejati and

special port for shrimp and prawn transportation owned

by PT BSS (Banggai Sentral Shrimp).

Tables 5.56 and 5.57 show that there has been a 13%

increase in the total number of departing motor boats and

a 64% increase in the total number of arriving motor

boats, compared to the activities of their activities

between years 2002 and 2003.



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On a related matter, there has been a 3% decrease in

arriving passengers and a 3% decrease in departing

passengers. The details can be seen in Tables 5.58 and

5.59.

Table 5.56 Total Number of Departing Motor Boats according to Month in Banggai Regency for Year 2003

Port Month

Luwuk Pagimana Bunta (1) (2) (3) (4)

01 January 145 19 13

02 February 121 19 13

03 March 163 23 9

04 April 152 13 10

05 May 139 22 16

06 June 152 23 13

07 July 154 29 8

08 August 172 24 10

09 September 167 20 7

10 October 178 26 5

11 November 160 34 7

12 December 154 28 …

2003 2,857 280 111

2002 1,205 174 26

2001 2,038 358 22

2000 2,035 341 27 Source: Luwuk, Pagimana, and Bunta Sea Ports, Central Agency for Statistics of Banggai Regency, 2004

Table 5.57 Total Number of Arriving Motor Boats according to Month in Banggai Regency for Year 2003

Port Month


01 January 145 19 13

02 February 121 19 13

03 March 163 23 9

04 April 152 13 10



123

05 May 139 22 16

06 June 152 23 13

07 July 154 29 8

08 August 172 24 10

09 September 167 20 7

10 October 178 26 5

11 November 160 34 7

12 December 154 28 …

2003 2,857 280 111

2002 1,661 279 49

2001 2,038 358 22

2000 2,035 341 27 Source: Luwuk, Pagimana, and Bunta Sea Ports, Central Agency for Statistics of Banggai Regency, 2004

Table 5.58 Total Number of Arriving Motor Boat Passengers according to Month in Banggai Regency for Year 2003

Port Month


01 January 6,894 3,018 -

02 February 5,547 2,797 -

03 March 6,070 2,782 -

04 April 5,566 1,122 -

05 May 5,641 2,820 -

06 June 5,890 2,546 -

07 July 7,301 3,581 -

08 August 6,198 2,423 -

09 September 6,020 2,290 -

10 October 6,528 2,919 -

11 November 6,711 4,226 -

12 December 7,598 4,499 -

2003 75,964 35,023 -

2002 78,504 35,624 -

2001 108,938 52,523 -

2000 114,105 37,759 - Source: Luwuk, Pagimana, and Bunta Sea Ports, Central Agency for Statistics of Banggai Regency, 2004



124

Table 5.58 Total Number of Departing Motor Boat Passengers according to Month in Banggai Regency for Year 2003

Port Month


01 January 5,670 3,050 -

02 February 5,206 2,411 -

03 March 5,657 2,247 -

04 April 4,762 1,074 -

05 May 5,510 2,478 -

06 June 3,042 2,489 -

07 July 7,351 2,761 26

08 August 6,024 2,492 -

09 September 6,178 2,279 -

10 October 6,735 2,595 -

11 November 7,331 3,562 -

12 December 6,611 3,338 -

2003 70,077 30,776 26

2002 67,788 34,348 -

2001 105,067 51,733 -

2000 113,098 37,488 - Source: Luwuk, Pagimana, and Bunta Sea Ports, Central Agency for Statistics of Banggai Regency, 2004

5.3.2.4 Job and Business Opportunities

Job opportunities which have absorbed local workers is due

to the existence of several companies around the study area,

such as oil palm plantation, CPO plant, shrimp pond

cultivating company, and Senoro Gas Field. Senoro Gas

Field, although it is not officially operated, has opened job

opportunities to local people as security guards to keep safe

the gas field and acquired land. Several business



125

opportunities emerging from the existence of companies

around the study area are restaurants / food stores,

transportation services, etc.

5.3.2.5 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)

Economic development growth in Banggai Regency can be

seen from the growth rate of Gross Regional Domestic

Product (GRDP). Economic condition of Banggai Regency

continuously experienced significant increase and progress

in 2003. This is shown by the increase in GRDP against the

Prevailing Price which reached IDR 1,369,444 million, higher

than the previous year, namely IDR 1,259,821 million. For

GRDP against constant price 1993 during 2003, it reached

IDR 385,402 million, higher than the previous year, i.e. IDR

360,257 million (Table 5.60).

Economic growth of Banggai Regency in 2003 was 6.98%

higher than the previous year, which was 6.82%.

Based on sectoral role, the economy of Banggai Regency is

currently still dominated by agricultural sector as the key

motor of regional economy, whose role tends to become

stronger every year. This is in line with the increasing role of

crops, plantation, livestock, forestry, and fishery sub-sectors.

The role of the agricultural sector in 2003 was up to 56.17%



126

of the total GRDP of Banggai Regency, higher than the

previous year, i.e. 55.86%.

Table 5.60 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) against Prevailing Price and Constant Price 1993 of Banggai Regency for 2002 – 2003 (IDR million)

Prevailing Price Constant Price 1993 No. Sector

2002 2003 2002 2003 1 Agriculture 703,683 769,186 193,836 209,643

2 Drilling and Mining 15,473 16,624 5,525 5,835

3 Processing Industry 115,510 102,787 26,655 28,207

4 Electricity and Clean Water 7,054 7,998 2,289 2,488

5 Construction 89,082 96,807 26,372 28,336

6 Trading, Hotel and Restaurant 109,812 123,954 31,829 33,626

7 Transportation and Community 65,404 73,684 23,389 24,682

8 Finance, Rental Service, Company 38,248 41,671 12,107 12,629

9 Services 115,555 136,733 38,255 39,957

GRDP 1,259,821 1,369,444 360,257 385,402 Source: Gross Regional Domestic Product of Banggai Regency 2003, Central Agency for Statistics, 2005

Three sectors with the most contribution to total GRDP of

Banggai Regency are agricultural, service and trading

sectors, each with shares of 56.17%, 9.98%, and 9.05%,

respectively. The contribution of mining and drilling sector is

only 1.21% (Table 5.61). However, mining and drilling

sector has experienced relatively significant growth for the

past few years. In 2002, this sector grew by 4.57% and in

2003 the growth increased to 5.61%. Through the operation

plan of Senoro Gas Field the contribution of this sector is

estimated to increase even more. Regarding production

sharing of natural oil and gas industry between the

headquarters and regional (provincial / regency / city)



127

governments, it has been regulated under separate laws and

regulations.

Table 5.61 GRDP Growth of Banggai Regency, 2002 – 2003 (%)

Prevailing GRDP Share Growth No. Sector

2002 2003 2002 2003 1 Agriculture 55.86 56.17 8.69 8.16

2 Drilling and Mining 1.23 1.21 4.57 5.61

3 Processing Industry 9.17 7.51 4.15 5.82

4 Electricity and Clean Water 0.56 0.58 7.58 8.66

5 Construction 7.07 7.07 6.38 7.45

6 Trading, Hotel and Restaurant 8.72 9.05 5.19 5.65

7 Transportation and Community 5.19 5.38 5.18 5.53

8 Finance, Rental Service, Company 3.04 3.04 3.83 4.32

9 Services 9.17 9.98 3.51 4.45

GRDP 100.00 100.00 6.82 6.98 Source: Gross Regional Domestic Product of Banggai Regency 2003, Central Agency for Statistics, 2005

5.3.2.6 Economic Growth Center

Generally regional economic growth centers happening in

Banggai Regency head for areas rich in natural resources

potentials. Economic growth in Banggai Regency is

centralized in Luwuk (the capital of the Regency), while

economic growth center in the study area is in Toili.

At the beginning Toili Sub-district was a transmigration

settlement unit, but it has developed into two sub-districts,

namely Toili and West Toili Sub-districts. Toili has fertile

land resources which make it the rice barn of Central

Sulawesi Province. In addition, there are also oil palm



128

plantations and CPO processing plant. In Toili Sub-district

various economic facilities have been developed (such as

banks, village cooperatives, market, and bus terminal) as

well as facilities and accommodation (inn / hotel).

In the future the economic growth center will appear in

Kintom Sub-district as this Sub-district has been appointed

as Integrated Development Center.

5.3.3 Culture

5.3.3.1 Ethnic Groups and Customs

Ethnic groups of which the people living in the study area

come from are Saluan, Batui and Ta’a ethnic groups.

Because of its attractiveness (economic, agricultural and

fishery potentials), people from various ethnic groups in

South Sulawesi, Java and Bali have come to this area. Apart

from Kintom Sub-district, Batui and Toil Sub-districts are also

transmigration destination areas, both for public

transmigration and spontaneous transmigration. Public

transmigrants, generally from Java and Bali, reside in Toili

Sub-district, while spontaneous transmigrants from South

Sulawesi (Bugis – Makassar) permanently reside in several



129

sample villages in Batui and Toili Sub-districts. Hence,

people’s ethnicity in the study area quite varies.

Bugis – Makassar ethnic groups are not only talented in

maritime field, but also familiar with trading and agriculture.

Slamet Harjo Village is not only occupied by ex transmigrant

villagers of Javanese and Sundanese ethnic groups, but also

by people of Bugis – Makassar ethnicity. Toili and Saluan

Villages are not only occupied by people of Saluan ethnic

group, but also people of Bugis ethnic group from South

Sulawesi and Tolaki ethnic group of Kendari, Southeast

Sulawesi.

Ethnic groups residing in the study area, both local and

incoming ones, have their own cultural and custom roots

which are so high that symbolize the wisdom of the people,

to regulate relationship pattern among the people and with

the surrounding nature. People’s custom tradition is a mix of

local village culture and the culture contained in the religion

beheld by the majority of the villagers, namely Islam.

In Saluan and Ta’a community structure, various custom

traditions observed and implemented are generally related to

rules which have been observed for generations. Batui

ethnic group carries out traditional ceremonies at certain

times, such as TUMPE, a kind of thanksgiving typical of

Banggai people, which is undertaken upon harvest of Maleo



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bird eggs. A legend says that this bird was at first brought in

by the customary leader of Banggai from another area far far

away. Therefore, although nowadays Maleo bird does not

only live in Banggai area, the first time of harvesting its eggs

must be led by the customary leader of Banggai. “Tumpe”

ritual is still organized every year in Banggai Regency.

Saluan people in Banggai Regency, as the place for Maleo

bird to grow and expand, regularly prepare the Maleo bird

eggs for the ritual. Local people believe that if the ritual is

not conducted, there will be an outbreak in their villages. To

make “Tumpe” ritual even merrier, local traditional dances

are performed; the ritual is ended with “Dero” dance, a kind

of social dance from Central Sulawesi.

Similarly, the local people of Javanese ethnic group every

year conduct Earth Day ritual which is usually called sedekah

Bumi (feeding the Earth). This ritual is done spontaneously

on an open square where people will eat nasi tumpeng

(cone-shaped rice) together after cleaning their environment,

not only each of their houses, but also public places, such as

the streets, school building, community health center building,

village office building, and mosque. The objective of this

ritual is to protect the earth so that the earth will be

preserved and will always give prosperity to the people. The

local people believe if this ritual is not conducted, the Earth

will create disaster for them.



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Among the people of Bugis – Makassar ethnic group,

traditional ceremony performed at certain times are Appalili

(ritual performed before going to the paddy field), Abbulu

sibatang (working hand in hand to sow the rice seeds), and

Paddekko (thanksgiving ritual after harvest). Other than

those three rituals, there are also some other religion-related

daily rituals, such as Sunatan (circumcision), Maudu

(Prophet’s birthday), Mi’raja (Isra’ Mi’raj), Appatamma korang

(khatam Al Qur’an = end of Koran recital). Also to build

houses of the villagers, they will undertake Mappaenteng

balla beru (building a new house). In that ritual, people will

serve various local snacks, such as Umba-umba and Baje.

And each house must consist of Siring (basement), Kale

Balla (main part of the house), and Pammakkang (attic).

Although each ethnic group has and performs its own

traditions, several customary rituals that have been

developed are also mixture of various ethnic habits, such as

wedding, circumcision, and other rituals. Particularly in the

area of Batui, there is a tradition to conduct selamatan ritual

asking for safety and security prior to commencement of

project activities; hence, before pipe installation activity

begins in Batui, selamatan ritual is expected to take place.



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5.3.3.2 Social Process

Social process consists of associative and dissociative

processes. People in the study area can be categorized as

transitional community where there is a mix of traditional and

modern values with several values carried by each ethnic

group. This condition has influenced the social institution in

the village which has led to norm shift. This can be seen,

among others, from changes in social relationship, such as

social contact frequency, social distance, a shift from primary

relationship pattern to secondary relationship pattern, and a

shift from cooperative relationship to competitive and

individual relationship; changes in life style, and changes in

attitude when reacting to changes.

The multiethnic life of the people in the study area is

relatively potential to create conflicts. On one hand, people

want to maintain the identity of their own ethnic groups; on

the other hand, people are demanded by the situation which

has become more and more demanding. Yet, the open

structure of the community allows the people of Saluan,

Batui, Ta’a and other ethnic groups residing in the study area

to apply a relatively high and open social adaptation pattern

in understanding and maintaining the social values contained

in the teachings inherited by their ancestors; this is very



133

much useful to hold back the seeds of conflicts. Any

conflicts are usually settled through amicable discussions.

Field observation result and interview with respondents

provide the information that the various ethnic groups in the

study area seem to have well assimilated. Social interaction

among ethnic groups have gone well, which means imitation,

persuasion, and identification processes have taken place so

naturally that encourage the people to observe principles and

values which are locally applicable. Such awareness on the

meaning of the local cultural values has led to cultural

acculturation and assimilation among the various ethnic

groups in the study area. The Heads of the villages are not

from the majority ethnic groups. In Saluan Village, the Head

of the Village is from Bugis ethnic group which is the minority.

In Toili Village, the Head of the Village is from Tolaki ethnic

group.

Field observation and interview results provide the

information that social interaction among ethnic groups in the

study area is relatively good. Social frictions and horizontal

conflicts among ethnic groups due to cultural differences

have never occurred. On the contrary, their daily lives show

appreciation, respect and cooperation in various

development activities. The willingness to accept others as

members of a certain clan among the ethnic groups through



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match-making or marriage process has allowed assimilation

process to take place more smoothly. However, for the past

few years, conflicts have often incurred among the youths

which are caused by alcoholic drinks and misunderstanding

where some cases have led to inter-village fight. To avoid

conflicts among youths, several youth organizations (Karang

Taruna) have continuously organized inter-village sports

tournaments so that closer relationship among youths can be

promoted.

In a development era like now, villages in the study area

have continuously experienced changes. People accept and

use the results of those changes which will inevitably affect

their social behavior, not only structurally, but also culturally

and interactively, which will eventually end to various

advantageous choices; otherwise the choices will be

disadvantageous. Investment in mining area which will have

an operation in the study area is an introduction to

technology, which will give not only positive impacts, but also

negative impacts. Observation and interview results show

that labor recruitment, land and crop price, and industrial

estate location problems have become the main issues that

have become the arguments among the people (of Toili Sub-

district) who feel that the lands and spaces used as the gas

wells being explored are of their own. Associative and

dissociative social processes will continuously take place



135

one after another from the construction through the operation

phases. People’s attitudes and perceptions towards this

issue will always grow and will lead to conflicts if not

proportionally taken care.

Social changes which are relatively significant in this relation

are concerning people’s perceptions towards the

development and their roles in the development process.

Public critical attitude on the development activities

considered to bring negative impacts to their activities will

become more and more obvious and the way they express

themselves will become more and more open.

5.3.3.3 Social institution

The systems of Saluan, Batui and Ta’a ethnic groups

compiled in the social institutions which are the value sub-

system basically contains the most intrinsic values regulating

the manners of all aspects of their lives in their interaction

with the social environment. This social institution consists

of:

(a) Social institution in the area of economy, such as

Montulangi and in farming is mosout. Mosout means to

as for help to work together so that one job can quickly be

completed, e.g. cooperation and helping each other of a



136

group of farmers, not only within one village, but also

within a family, in working on rice fields or dry farming

fields. Usually the work will be done in turns so that

everyone in the group will have his turn. The result of this

mosaut activity is the closer relationship and family

bonding, the growing of solidarity, and the building of

cooperation spirit among themselves.

(b) Social institution in the area of kinship in Saluan area,

which is commonly applicable in the convening of life

cycle rituals, such as wedding ceremony (melanbonus),

funeral ceremony (membowa pabalun), and

circumcision/hair cutting ceremony (mombowa tamban),

and birth ritual (mosaluk);

(c) Social institution in the area of governance, namely

working together in the construction of social facilities and

infrastructure, environmental sanitation, etc.

(d) Social institution in the area of religion, such as tolak bala

ritual to ask to the Almighty for a peaceful life, for

protection from any disturbances in work, and for good

working results. Life cycle rituals consist of funeral

ceremony (membowa pabalun), circumcision / hair cutting

ceremony (mombowa tamban), and birth ritual (mosaluk).

Other purpose is to ask for safety and security, not only

for the departed person in funeral ritual, but also health



137

and safety for the newborn baby in birth ritual and for the

boy circumcised / child whose hair is cut in circumcision /

hair cutting ritual.

Field observation result shows that some social institutions

function well and serve as the behavioral pattern of the

people in their daily activities.

In addition to the above social institutions, there are also

formal institutions in the study area, such as Village

Government (Head of Village and his officials), Village

Discussion Forum (LMD), and People’s Representative Body

(BPD); and non-formal public institutions, namely customary

and religious institutions, ojek bikers association, and

economic institutions which are quite functional in the

community.

Structurally, each village has formal institutions, namely LMD,

BPD, and Ladies’ Forum (PKK). These institutions, although

they are yet to function well, plays a quite important role in

the smooth convening of government, development and civil

activities in the villages, both administrative and non-

administrative activities.

Village government in the study area is yet to function

optimally. Office administration in the sample villages takes

place at the houses of Heads of Villages. This is because



138

the Heads of Villages are already accustomed to serving

people at their houses due to office facility constraint and

local people’s habit who tend to have informal interaction

with the Heads of Villages at the Heads’ houses. Therefore,

continuous attention, improvement and management from

the government are needed in order for this institution to

function properly so that the community’s development can

be successfully attained.

Various issues that occur in line with the project activities or

land disputes require the role of formal and non-formal

institutions, while socio-cultural and religious approaches are

very apparent in the role of non-formal institution. Therefore,

harmonious cooperation, coordination and interactive

communication among the social institutions are very crucial

for the solution of social problems.

5.3.3.4 Sacred Places

In the study area there are several places which are

considered to be sacred by the local people, i.e. sacred

graves in Tolando Village, Batui Sub-district. Along with the

population development, the location of those sacred graves

is already within the village and the graves are well

maintained. Mompatului or cleaning the sacred graves is



139

often done by the people, especially among the senior

citizens, by bringing offerings and saying prayers based on

individual wishes.

There is also “sacred spring” which is located around 2 km

from the villages. The spring is considered sacred by the

people of several villages, namely Uso Village in Batui Sub-

district and Tangkiang, Padang, Uling-Mayula Villages in

Kintom Sub-district. It was said that the spring has water

throughout the year and is never dry so that it becomes

drinking source for the people having their plantations

around the spring. However, the people in those villages

never bring any offerings if they want to go to the spring.

In addition, there are also other sacred places, such as

sacred house, tanggul matindog and kusali.

Sacred House

Sacred house is located on Sinorang River bank, Gori-

gori Quarter, Sinorang Village. This house is used by the

local people to pay a devotional visit, to take bath and to

carry out rituals. The people of Ta’a who have just

survived a calamity or disaster or who have just

recovered from sickness will usually pay a devotional visit

to and take a bath at the sacred house. If this sacred

house is imposed by the project, the house will be



140

demolished and replaced by a new building but it has to

be consulted with Ta’a customary leader in Sinorang

Village.

Tanggul Matindog

Tanggul Matindog is a house which used to be lived by

the king which is located at the river upstream of Nonong

Village. The place is considered as a heritage from the

ancestors of Ta’a ethnic group so the people still keep it.

Kusali (Lowa, Wasembiha and Kuop)

Kusali is the meeting hall (auditorium) of Batui ethnic

group used as a venue for traditional ceremonies and

medication. There three kusali, namely kusali Lowa in

Tolando Village, kusali Wasembiha in Sisipan Village and

kusali Kuop in Balantang Village. The location of those

three kusali is quite far from settlement area, namely

around 7-8 km from the main road. If the project activities

pass the kusali, coordination must be initiated with the

customary institutions and village officials.

Besides sacred places, in the study area there are also some

prohibitions and taboos, such as:

• Eating, drinking and smoking in the public during the

fasting month of Ramadhan. This prohibition is



141

applicable in villages of fanatic Muslims, such as Padang,

Tangkiang, Kalolos and Nonong Villages. This

prohibition is applicable not only for Muslims, but also for

people of other religions. Other villages do not consider

this as a problem.

• Undertaking contracted marriage with girls / women in the

surrounding villages. This prohibition is also applicable in

villages of fanatic Muslims, such as Padang, Tangkiang,

Kalolos and Nonong Villages. Other villages do not

consider this as a problem as long as the bride’s family is

willing to accept.

5.3.3.5 Public Perception

Analysis on public perception in this study will have three

focuses, namely: public perception about the activity plan,

public perception about the land acquisition, and public

perception about the incoming workers.

Respondents observed as primary data sources are those

who will be imposed by both direct and indirect impacts

according to the activity plan. Total number of respondents

observed is 160 households, which consist of 155 male

heads of households and 5 female heads of households.

Respondents’ ages range from 21 to 70 with average age of



142

37. Total number of average family dependence is 3 people

per head of household and 2 of them work. With regard to

education level, 102 people are educated in primary school,

33 people are educated in junior high school, 20 people are

educated in senior high school, and 5 people have

bachelor’s degrees.

Public Perception about the Project Plan

Public perception about gas field development project plan is

very much affected by several factors, among others:

• Public impression on the execution of land acquisition for

gas field in Slametharjo and Sinorang as well as on the

execution of transportation of backfilling material for land

maturation in Senoro 3 gas field (Slametharjo). Good

impression on the execution of land acquisition which has

taken place will form good attitude to the next project plan.

On the contrary, negative impression on the execution of

backfilling material transportation will also create negative

perception to the project.

• Seismic or exploration activity by other companies which

left positive impression or problems with the local people

will also create negative perception about the project plan.

• Public understanding on gas field development and

piping plan is related to environmental impacts estimated



143

to incur, such as disturbance to farming area, dust

problem, noise, and possible pollution of public water

source.

• Effectiveness of socialization process of activity plan by

JOB Pertamina – Medco can be found out and well

accepted by the local people and other relevant parties,

such as the Government, Regional Environment Impact

Management Agency, etc.

Interview result presented in Table 5.62 discovers that all

respondents (160) have found out about the plan of Senoro

gas field development by JOB Pertamina – Medco. Source

of information regarding the project plan is 21.3% from the

initiator through public expose carried out in Tolando Village,

3.1% from posters attached at village offices and at several

other places, 66.3% from friends who have participated in

the socialization program, and 9.3% from village officials.

The high number of respondents who obtain information on

the project plan through friends shows that the people

spread the information they obtain very quickly.

However, many of them cannot differentiate activities

conducted by JOB Pertamina – Medco from similar ones

carried out by other parties. For example, seismic activity

conducted by Pertamina; people think that activity is a part of

activity carried out by JOB Pertamina – Medco. Also



144

socialization activity conducted by a methanol company is

considered as a part of activity by JOB Pertamina – Medco.

Since there are still many people who cannot tell the

difference of JOB Pertamina – Medco activity from activities

by other companies, problems occurring in those companies

are also allegedly problems of JOB Pertamina – Medco.

Table 5.62 Public Perception about the Project

Source: Primary Data, 2006 Notes: Kecamatan = Sub-district Kelurahan = Village

Sudah Tahu = Already Know Belum Tahu = Not Yet Know

Setuju = Agree Tidak Setuju = Disagree

Khawatir = Concerned Tidak Khawatir = Not Concerned

Rencana Pembangunan Proyek = Project Development Plan

Persepsi terhadap Proyek = Perception about the Project

Kekhawatiran terhadap Peledakan Pipa = Concern about Pipe Explosion

Jumlah Rata-rata untuk Desa Studi = Average Total Number for Study Village

Initial perception shows that the majority (86.3%) of the

respondents accept the existence of gas field development

activity by JOB Pertamina – Medco in their areas. Their



145

willingness to accept the presence of the company is paired

with their hopes for a job opportunity at the project and for

their areas to grow and develop well.

5.6% of respondents proposed their disagreement with a

reason that the development of gas field would not give any

benefits to them. This disagreement has been disclosed

from the respondents in Toili area. Such rejection is based

on the government’s plan to build many plants which will use

gas as the raw material outside the area of Toili. If the plants

are going to be constructed in Toili area, they will give their

full supports. According to them, if the plants are going to be

constructed outside Toili area, they will not be able to obtain

job and business opportunities. This is based on their

experience, that whenever there is a job opportunity whose

location is outside Toili, they have always been rejected

because they are not considered as local people. This

disagreement is also due to their concern on road damage

and dust incurrence during construction material mobilization

and pipe installation activities.

Considering that there is a small part of the people who does

not support the project plan, it is the responsibility of JOB

Pertamina – Medco to improve the effectiveness of

socialization process of the project plan to the local

community, so that the people can get comprehensive and



146

accurate information regarding the project plan related to the

impacts estimated to incur and efforts to be taken by JOB

Pertamina – Medco.

Interview result discloses that 21.9% of the respondents

express their concern on the explosion possibility of pipes or

other facilities available at gas processing site. To overcome

such problem, people expect periodic socialization by JOB

Pertamina – Medco regarding procedures to handle gas

explosion / leakage incident. In addition, they also expect an

announcement board with telephone numbers that can be

contacted in case of gas pipe leakage or disturbance.

Public Perception about Land Acquisition Activity

Interview result shows that 83.1% of the respondents

express their agreement on land acquisition if any of their

lands are imposed by project activities. The agreement

comes with the following conditions:

• An amicable discussion should be conducted with land

owners to decide on compensation value of acquired land

and crops with the presence of officials of the villages,

sub-districts and relevant institutions as witnesses;

• Payment of land and crops compensation should be

made directly to land owners, with no intermediary;



147

• No land clearance activities should take place before

compensation payment is made to land owners.

Their agreement is also based on their experience from

previous land acquisition process by JOB Pertamina –

Medco whose compensation value is relatively high in their

opinions.

About 3.8% of respondents express their disagreement due

to their concern on inappropriate compensation value and

also because their lands are close to their houses and have

been very productive, such as oil palm plantation or trading

place. Their disagreement is also because they are worried

that land acquisition will divide the land into two parts so that

the land will no longer have economic value to be cultivated.

On a related matter, 13.1% of the respondents do not give

their responses because they do not have any lands around

the location to be acquired.

The majority (93.1%) of the people want the compensation in

cash while others (1.9%) want it in the form of land and the

remaining 5% do not give any responses. Respondent’s

responses on land acquisition plan are presented in Table

5.63.



148

Table 5.63 Public Perception about Land Acquisition and Incoming Workers

Source: Primary Data, 2006 Notes: Kecamatan = Sub-district Kelurahan = Village

Setuju = Agree Tidak Setuju = Disagree

Netral = Neutral Tidak Ada Tanggapan = No Response

Tanggapan terhadap Rencana Pembebasan Tanah = Response on Land Acquisition Plan

Tanggapan terhadap Pekerja Pendatang = Response on Incoming Workers


Public Perception on Incoming People / Visitors

Survey result shows that local people are quite open to

incoming people / visitors. This is because all this time local

people are already familiar with the entry of incoming ethnic

groups. Such openness is inseparable from the existence of

various companies / industries and the presence of

transmigrants around the project location. Local people’s

attitude and perception to incoming people / visitors can be

clearly seen in Table 5.63.

The Table shows that 91.3% of the respondents express

their agreement to incoming workers, as long as local people



149

are given priority in labor recruitment. If job opportunity is

not met by the local people, because specific skills are

required, it can be filled by incoming workers. Other reason

of their agreement on incoming workers is because incoming

workers have certain skills which will be helpful in local

people’s capacity building and in motivating the local people

to improve their education and knowledge. The minority

(3.1%) of the people do not approve incoming workers

because they are afraid that they will not be able to compete

with the incoming workers.

5.4 Public Health Component

Analysis on public health component in this study focuses on several aspects, which

consist of environmental sanitation, nutrition status, and health facilities and

infrastructure available in the study villages.

5.4.1 Environmental Sanitation and Clean Water

According to the geographic condition of Banggai Regency, in general,

and study villages, in particular, which is low flat land and hills, clean

water sources of the villagers are dug wells or springs which come out

of the hills. Water taken from dug wells is available at several houses.

Looking at the existing environmental condition in the study villages,



150

environmental sanitation is not given sufficient attention. Bathing-

washing-toileting facility partly uses water from existing rivers. Toilets

are only owned by 23 – 29% of the families or one toilet for about three

houses. Families who do not have toilets rely on rivers and irrigation

channels for their bowel movement.

Environmental drainage system is also not given proper attention so

that it creates water puddles. Domestic drainage and rain water

channels are not available which lead to the creation of water puddles

in house yards. Possession of sanitation facility by the people in the

study villages can be seen in Table 5.64.

Table 5.64 Possession of Sanitation Facility by the People in the Study Villages

Source: Health Profile of Banggai Regency, 2004, Office of Health of Banggai Regency

Remarks : A = Total Number of Heads of Household Analyzed

B = Total Number of Heads of Household Having Toilet, etc.

C = Percentage of Heads of Household Having Toilet, etc. Notes: Kecamatan = Sub-district Jamban = Toilet

Tempat Sampah = Trash Bin Puskesmas = Public Health Center

SPAL = Waste Water Treatment Facility

Environmental condition of people’s residence (house and yard) is

generally permanent and semi-permanent houses where the minority

of the houses is made of wood with plank wall. Most of permanent and



151

semi-permanent have cemented concrete floor and the minority uses

ceramic tiles. Rumah panggung (raised house) generally has plank

floor. Some of the houses have plastered wall and some others have

plank wall. Room ventilation is sufficiently good by installing windows

and vent-holes in the living room, family room and bedroom. All

houses have yards with total area of 50 – 1,000 m2.

House yard used for “living kiosk” or “living drugstore” is not a common

practice in the study villages. Most of the house yards are planted with

rambutan, jackfruit, banana, cassava, papaya, with minimum

management (no intensive use of house yard cultivation).

Village roads in settlement area are asphalted road and land road

hardened with sand and rocks. Many roads in settlement area are

damaged with holes so that they are muddy during wet season and

dusty during dry season. Dust during dry season due to public

transportation traffic has always become a problem.

5.4.2 Types and Spread of Disease

Data on types of diseases registered at Toili I, Batui and Kintom Public

Health Centers (Puskesmas) indicate that diseases related to

respiratory tract (Upper Respiratory Tract Infection), colon infection,

malaria, etc. are cases mostly experienced by the people around the

project site.



152

Disease cases generally happen during transitional season, both from

dry to wet seasons and vice versa. Periods of March – April and

October – November are periods vulnerable to diseases, namely Upper

Respiratory Tract Infection (March – April) and diarrhea (October –

November). During dry season, disease cases are mostly related to

digestion system (diarrhea, dysentery, diarrhea and vomiting, etc.) and

dermatitis. All these are due to behavior of the people with high

mobility so that they are susceptible to diseases caused by dust and

clean water coming from untreated raw water. Disturbance to digestion

system is also often experienced by this type of villagers.

Disease vectors found in the sample villages are mosquito, rat and fly.

The presence of those vectors is not considered as disturbance by the

people, although where mosquito vector is found, there is malaria case

and where fly vector is found, there diarrhea and dysentery cases.

Anticipation / prevention of mosquito bite is done by using mosquito

essence (coil and spray), using mosquito net or making camp fire at

night. Such anticipative measures are only undertaken by a small part

of the people. No eradicating measures have been taken to rat and fly.

Table 5.65 Dominant Types of Diseases and Total Number of Patient’s Visits



153

Sources: * Profile of Toili Public Health Center, December 2005

* Profile of Batui Public Health Center, December 2005

* Profile of Kintom Public Health Center, December 2005

Notes: Jenis Penyakit = Type of Disease Puskesmas = Public Health Center

Jumlah Penderita = Total Number of Patients

ISPA = Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Infeksi pada Usus = Colon Infection Otot dan Jaringan = Muscles and Tissues

Rongga Mulut = Mouth Cavity Penyakit Kulit = Dermatitis

Kecelakaan = Accident Mata = Eye

Telinga = Ear Penyakit Diare = Diarrhea

Tekanan Darah Tinggi = Hypertension Asma = Asthma

Jumlah = Total

5.4.3 Children’s Nutrition Condition

Children’s nutrition condition is closely related to eating pattern and

food sources which contain nutritious value, such as carbohydrates,

proteins, minerals, etc. Data from Toili, Kintom, and Batui Public

Health Centers illustrate that no cases of toddlers with malnutrition

have been found.

Almost 97% of babies have sufficiently good nutrition status while the

remaining 2% are under nourished and 1% are over nourished. No



154

malnutrition cases have been found because Toili and Batui are the

rice barns and located near the beaches which produce fish.

5.4.4 Health Facilities and Medical Personnel

Health facilities are already available in the study sub-districts around

the project site, consisting of Public Health Centers, Supporting Public

Health Centers, doctors, paramedics, midwives and trained dukun bayi

(traditional birth attendants). Total number of health facilities available

in the study location can be seen in Table 5.66.

Table 5.66 Total Number of Health Facilities in the Study Location

Sources: * Kintom Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005

* Batui Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005

* Toili Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005



155

Remarks: * PKM / Puskesmas = Public Health Center

* Pustu = Supporting Public Health Center


Jenis Fasilitas = Type of Facility Tenaga Kesehatan = Medical Personnel

Apotik = Pharmacy Toko Obat = Drugstore

Bidan = Midwife Dukun Bayi = Traditional Birth Attendant

Jumlah Rata-rata untuk Kecamatan Studi = Average Total Number for Study Sub-district


Public health service activities are done by Puskesmas which is

supported by general practitioners, paramedics, and midwives.

In addition to medication service by medical personnel and paramedics,

some villagers also use the service of indigenous medical practitioner

(dukun), not only to cure diseases, but also to help in the labor. For

mild diseases (headache, influenza, cold, etc.) the villagers commonly

rely on medicines available in the market.

5.5 Environment Baseline based on Alternatives

5.5.1 Around the 4” Flow Line and 8” Trunk Line Channels

Environment baseline based on alternatives around the 4” Flow Line and 8”

Trunk Line Channels is detailed in Table 5.67.



156

Table 5.67 Environment Baseline according to Alternatives around the 4” Flow Line

and 8” Trunk Line Channels

4” Flow Line and 8” Trunk Line Channels No.

Environmental

Component Alt #1 Alt #2

I GEOPHYSICS – CHEMISTRY

1. Air Quality • Measuring of air quality in the

study location shows recorded

SO2 of 0.85 µg/Nm3, with quality

standard of 365 µg/Nm3;

• NO2 is recorded at 1.18 µg/Nm3

with quality standard of 150

µg/Nm3;

• H2S is recorded at 0.84 µg/Nm3

with quality standard of 30.36

µg/Nm3 and Hk is recorded at 1.1

µg/Nm3, which is still below the

quality standard of 160 µg/Nm3.

Measuring in Senoro 2 shows a

result which is still below the quality

standard.

• Measuring of air quality in the






µg/Nm3;



µg/Nm3 and Hk is recorded at 1.1


quality standard of 160 µg/Nm3.

Measuring in Sinorang Village shows

a result which is still below the quality

standard.

2. Noise Noise measuring result in Senoro 2

shows a result of around 48.1 – 51.2

dBA, which is still below the quality

standard for noise (55 dBA for

residential and settlement areas).

Noise measuring result in Sinorang

Village shows a result of around 48.1

– 51.2 dBA, which is still below the

quality standard for noise (55 dBA for




157

3. Topography and

physiography

Slope is classified as flat – slightly

sloping (0 – 8%) with physiography of

alluvial flat land to marine flat land

and back swamp at the estuary of

Bangkiriang River.


sloping (0 – 8%) in Mulyohardjo

Village and around Well 2 (S2) up to

rather steep – steep (>15%) at

Bangkiriang TSMS and Gori-gori

Village. Physiography is classified as

alluvial flat land to hills and

mountains.

4. Morphology The morphology consists of hills with

weakly undulating relief, and some

consists of flat land. Flow line will

pass Bangkiriang area and the

morphology generally has undulating

relief. The flow line is on the altitude

of 2-6 m and inclinity of 5-15%.

In area with undulating morphology,

morphology or topographic relief is

an impeding factor in that line,

because with morphologic condition

like the one in that line particularly

can be the trigger of geological

hazard, such as slide. Flat land area

will not become a hampering factor.

5. Rock Physical and technical properties of

rocks that are still fresh will not

become hampering factors because



158

the rocks are compact and hard. Flat

land area formed by alluvial or clay is

usually solid, clay stone is not

indicated for any expanding and

swelling properties, so that the

existence of gas pipe will not be

affected. Weathering of

conglomerate sediment rocks at the

slope with thick soil will cause soil

movement.

6. Ground Water Ground water in the flow line is the

water source used by the villagers to

meet their daily need for water,

namely from dug wells, with various

depths. In flat land area, ground

water depths are from 2.5 to 5 m with

water debit of < 5 l / second, such as

in Sinorang, Mulyoharjo and Gori-gori

Villages.

7. Geological Hazard:

Soil Movement

Included in low soil movement

vulnerability zone, while geological

hazard potential to happen and

disturb the pipeline plan in this flow

line is land and rock slide, whose

triggering factors are the rather steep

topography with slope angle of 5-



159

15% and earthquake because the

area is part of active earthquake

zone. Rock technical quality factor

which can cause soil movement is

weathering of conglomerates in

contact with weathering of tufaceous

sandstone.

8. Drainage system,

irrigation and debit

In rice field area there are irrigation

facilities with technical to simple

construction. Very few swamp areas

are found around well 4 (S4).

In rice field area there are irrigation

facilities with technical to simple

construction. In hilly area no

permanent water flow or natural

drainage has been found.

9. Water Quality Baseline condition of river water

quality at Alternative #2 (relatively

more to the downstream part) in

general seems to be relatively as

good as the condition at Alternative

#1. Almost all measured parameters

give lower values than water river

quality standards (Government

Regulation No. 82 / 2001) except for

BOD and zinc parameters.

Alternative #1 is pipe installation

where the part is relatively more to

river downstream or the upper part of

the road. River water quality based

on observation result shows good

condition, as almost all measured

parameters give lower values than

water river quality standards

(Government Regulation No. 82 /

2001) except for COD and zinc

parameters.

II BIOLOGY

1. Vegetation Type of vegetation found is

mangrove forest which spans along

Type of vegetation is low land rain

forest. The majority of this area is



160

Bangkiriang River. According to the

ecosystem, the distribution of

mangrove vegetation is from the

coast line up to the upstream of the

river, with species distribution is

generally dominated by Rhizophora

sp.

dry land and land that can be flooded

at any time. Analysis result shows

that this vegetation is association of

Nyaton – Penjalinan, where Nyatoh

species is the dominant species. In

this analysis, there are 31 species of

tree stage, 31 species of pole stage,

and 15 species of seedling stage.

Result of vegetation analysis

conducted to shrubs shows that there

are 22 shrub species. This type of

vegetation is dominated by reed

species with INP of 59.74% and

diversity index of 2.85.

2. Wild Fauna - Wild animal species found are,

among others, mammals (pig, fruit

eating bat, and bat), primates (long

tailed ape), birds (hornbill, pigeon,

parrot, and maleo).

3. Aquatic Biota • River plankton community is

relatively balanced and stable;

• A few benthos;

• A few fish species.

• Plankton community is dominated

by Bacillariophyceae class;

• A few benthos on the beach;

• A few fish species;

• No coral reef is found.



161

III SOCIAL – ECONOMY – CULTURE

Demography

Impacted Villages Toili, Saluan (Moilong Quarter) Slametharjo

Population No. (People) 4,477 2,922

Total area (km2) 172.42 8.00

1.

Population density

(people/ km2)

26 365

Social Economy

Land use Rice field, cacao plantation Rice field, oil palm plantation

Livelihood Farmer, fisherman Farmer

2.

Transportation Land: car, motorbike; Sea: boat Land: car, motorbike

Social Culture

Ethnic groups Saluan, Ta’a, Bugis Java, Bali

3.

Public perception Small part of the respondents refuses

the activity.

Accepting project activity.

5.5.2 Around the 24” Gas Transmission Line

Environment baseline according to alternatives around the 24” Gas

Transmission Line is shown in Table 5.68.



162

Table 5.67 Environment Baseline according to Alternatives around the 4” Flow Line

and 8” Trunk Line Channels

24” Gas Transmission Line No.

Environmental



1. Air Quality • Measuring of air quality in the






µg/Nm3;



µg/Nm3, Hk is recorded at 3.7


quality standard of 160 µg/Nm3,

and CO is recorded at 3.75

µg/Nm3 which is below the quality

standard of 10,000 µg/Nm3.

Measuring in Tangkiang Village

shows a result which is still below the

quality standard.

• Measuring of air quality in the






µg/Nm3;



µg/Nm3, Hk is recorded at 1.6


quality standard of 160 µg/Nm3,

and CO is recorded at 3.75

µg/Nm3 which is below the quality

standard of 10,000 µg/Nm3.

Measuring in Nonong Village shows

a result which is still below the quality

standard.

2. Noise Noise measuring result in Tangkiang

Village shows a result of around 50.8

Noise measuring result in Sinorang

Village shows a result around 48.1 –



163

– 51.7 dBA, which is still below the



51.2 dBA, which is still below the



3. Topography and

physiography


sloping (0 – 8%) with physiography of

alluvial flat land in some villages in

Kintom Sub-district and in the rice

field area in Bakung Village, Batui

Sub-district, to to rather steep –

steep (>15%) with undulating – hilly

physiography along the transmission

line and the remaining spans up to

Sales Point (Tangkiang)..


sloping (0 – 8%) almost along the

transmission pipeline because it

passes rice field areas with alluvial

flat land physiography.

4. Geology along the

Pipeline (Padang –

Batui)

A. Morphology

• Hilly geomorphology is found in

the North part of the pipeline,

namely padang Village to Batui

line, which consists of hills with

undulating to hilly relief, especially

in Tangkiang, Kalolos and Uso

Villages, while the small part is flat

land, namely Padang, Lamo and

Uso Villages. Geomorphology of

this line is on the altitude of 10 –

44 m above the sea level, with

height difference of >12 m, slope

of 2 – 30%, with land use is

The morphology of South alternative

of Batui – Balantak line is coastal

land formed by coastal alluvial rocks,

namely clay and fine sand and

relatively thick soil up to 3 m. Land

use consists of settlement area, rice

field, coconut plantation, and mixed

garden / plantation. In this

morphology, ground water is at the

depths of 1.5 to 3 m with debit of > 5

l / second. With regard to

morphology, this line does not have

any inhibitors for pipeline installation.



164

dominated with mixed garden /

plantation;

• Morphological or topographic

relief facto is an impeding factor in

this line, because such

morphological condition will

become a trigger of geological

hazard, such as slide.

B. Rock Physical and technical properties of

rocks in this line will not become

hampering factors because the rocks

are compact and hard, especially in

hilly area. Flat land area formed by

alluvial or clay is usually solid, clay

stone is not indicated for any

expanding and swelling properties,

so the existence of gas pipe will not

be affected. Rock dispersion form

especially in reef lime stone which

can be an inhibitor is block.

Physical and technical properties of

rocks that are still fresh will not

become hampering factors because

the rocks are compact and hard. Flat

land area formed by alluvial or clay is

usually solid, clay stone is not

indicated for any expanding and

swelling properties, so that the

existence of gas pipe will not be

affected. Weathering of sediment

rocks and thick soil will cause soil

subsidence.

C. Ground Water Included in area where available

ground water is of medium

productivity. Ground water in this

line is the water source used by the

villagers to meet their daily need for

water, namely from dug wells, with

Ground water in this line is the water

source used by the villagers to meet

their daily need for water, namely

from dug wells, with various depths.

In flat land area, ground water depths

are from 1.5 to 3 m with water debit



165

various depths. In flat land area,

ground water depths are from 2 to 3

m with water debit of < 5 l / second,

such as in Padang and Uso Villages.

In hilly area the depth reaches 10 m,

especially in sand stone unit, such as

in Batui Village, while in lime stone

unit no wells have been found.

Aquifer system in this area consists

of 2 systems, namely: 1) Carbonate

rock aquifer (carstic) with cracked

medium system; and 2) sediment

rock aquifer with inter-granule space

medium.

of < 2 l / second, such as in Maseng,

Bakung, and Batui Villages.

D. Geological Hazard:

Soil Movement

Included in low and medium soil

movement vulnerability zones.

Geological hazard potential to

happen and disturb the pipeline plan

in this transmission line is rock slide

and rock fall, whose triggering factors

are the rather steep topography with

slope angle of 30%. Rock technical

quality factor which can cause soil

movement is reef lime stone block,

whose size varies from 10 cm to 1 m,

namely in Kalolos Village.

Included in very low soil movement

vulnerability zones. No geological

hazard potential is found which will

disturb gas pipeline in this line.



166

2. Geology along the

Pipeline (Batui –

Balantak)

A. Morphology

The morphology of Batui – Balantak

track which passes South alternative

is flat land and weakly undulating

hills with soft and commonly slightly

steep slope. This track is on the

altitude of 5 – 26 m with slope of 2 –

15%. Land use is dominated with

rice fields and some other parts are

dominated with coconut plantation

and mixed garden/plantation.

B. Rock Physical and technical properties of

rocks in this line that are still fresh

will not become hampering factors

because the rocks are compact and

hard. Flat land area formed by

alluvial or clay is usually solid, clay

stone is not indicated for any

expanding and swelling properties,

so the existence of gas pipe will not

be affected. Weathering of

conglomerate sediment rocks with

thick soil will cause soil movement.

C. Ground Water Ground water in this line is the water

source used by the villagers to meet

their daily need for water, namely

from dug wells, with various depths.



167

In flat land area, ground water depths

are from 2.5 to 7 m with water debit

of < 2 l / second, such as in Bakung

and Maseng Villages. In hilly area

the depth reaches 7 m, especially in

sand stone unit, such as in Kayowa

Village.

D. Geological Hazard:

Soil Movement

Included in low and medium soil

movement vulnerability zones.

Geological hazard potential to

happen and disturb the pipeline plan

in this line is land and rock slide,

whose triggering factors are the

rather steep topography with slope

angle of 15-30%. Fault and

earthquake because the area is part

of active earthquake zone. Rock

technical quality factor which can

cause soil movement is weathering

of conglomerates in contact with

weathering of tufaceous sandstone.

3. Aquatic Biota • River plankton community is


• A few benthos;


• River plankton community is


• A few benthos;




168

II SOCIAL – ECONOMY – CULTURE

Demography

Impacted Villages Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong,

Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang (the

North part of the Road)

Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong,

Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang (the

East part of the Road)


Total area (km2) 294.63 294.63

1.

Population density

(people/ km2)

31 31

Social Economy

Land use Rice field, plantation Rice field, plantation, residential area

Livelihood Farmer Farmer, fisherman

2.

Transportation Land: car, motorbike Land: car, motorbike; Sea: boat

Social Culture

Ethnic groups Ta’a, Batui, Saluan, Bugis Ta’a, Batui, Saluan, Bugis

3.

Public perception Accepting project activity. Accepting project activity.

5.5.3 Around CPF Facilities

Environment baseline according to alternatives around CPF facilities is shown

in Table 5.69.



169

Table 5.69 Environment Baseline according to Alternatives around CPF Facilities

CPF Facilities No.

Environmental



1. Air Quality Measuring of air quality in the study

location shows recorded H2S of 0.84

µg/Nm3, with quality standard of

30.36 µg/Nm3.



standard.

Measuring of air quality in the study

location shows recorded SO2 of 0.73

µg/Nm3, with quality standard of 365

µg/Nm3;

NO2 is recorded at 1.18 µg/Nm3 with

quality standard of 150 µg/Nm3;

H2S is recorded at 0.84 µg/Nm3 with

quality standard of 30.36 µg/Nm3,

Hk is recorded at 1.1 µg/Nm3, which

is still below the quality standard of

160 µg/Nm3.



standard.

2. Noise Noise measuring result in Senoro 1

shows a result of around 49.8 – 51.4




Noise measuring result in Senoro 2

shows a result around 48.1 – 51.2




3. Water Quality Area is near public settlement area,

so that information on villagers’ well

Well water quality is generally still

good based on temperature, turbidity,



170

water quality is required. The

locations of alternatives #1 and #2

have are close to each other; hence,

well water sampling is only done

based on representation, namely in

Alternative #2.

pH, dissolved oxygen, total betel

lime, sulfide, chloride, nitrate, TPH,

and heavy metals parameters,

whereas the values of those

parameters are still below the quality

standard for clean water (Regulation

of Health Minister No. 416/1990).

II BIOLOGY

1. Vegetation Rice field, mixed garden / plantation Rice field, mixed garden / plantation

2. Wild Fauna - -

3. Aquatic Biota - -


Demography

Impacted Village Sinorang Sinorang


Total area (km2) 122.36 122.36

1.

Population density

(people/ km2)

29 29

Social Economy

Land use Rice field, mixed garden / plantation Rice field, mixed garden / plantation,

near fishermen’s settlement area

Livelihood Farmer, fisherman Farmer, fisherman

2.

Transportation Land: car, motorbike; Sea: boat Land: car, motorbike; Sea: boat



171

Social Culture

Ethnic groups Saluan, Bugis Saluan, Bugis

3.

Public perception Accepting project activity. Accepting project activity.

5.5.4 Around the 8” Condensate Channel and Shipping Jetty

Environment baseline according to alternatives around the 8” Condensate

Channel and Shipping Jetty is shown in Table 5.70.

Table 5.70 Environment Baseline according to Alternatives around the 8”

Condensate Channel and Shipping Jetty

8” Condensate Channel and Shipping Jetty No.

Environmental

Component Alt #1 Alt #2 Alt #3


1. Air Quality

2. Noise

3. Water Quality Alternative #1 is a coastal

area in Nonong Village.

Water quality condition

basically shows equally

good result, based on

physical parameters

(temperature, turbidity,

and TSS) and chemical

Observation in Alternative

#2 (Senoro 1) on physical

parameters, e.g.

temperature, turbidity, and

TSS, shows that the

condition of waters is still

good. Results of

observation on chemical

Physically, the waters

area shows a condition

similar to Alternative #3

(Senoro 4). Similarly,

measured chemical

parameters, e.g. salinity,

pH, dissolved oxygen,

sulfide, ammonia, oil and



172

parameters (salinity, pH,

dissolved oxygen and

BOD, ammonia, oil and

fat, phenol, and heavy

metals, e.g. copper,

cadmium, lead, zinc, and

nickel). Yet, there are

some differences in

several chemical

parameters, i.e. sulfide

concentration which is

relatively high and nitrate

concentration which is

relatively lower than sea

water quality standard for

marine organisms

(Decree of Environment


parameters vary. The

values of salinity, pH,

dissolved oxygen and

BOD, sulfide, ammonia,

oil and fat are still good;

but the parameters of

nitrate, phenol, and heavy

metals, e.g. copper,

cadmium, lead, zinc, and

nickel) show values which

have exceeded sea water

quality standard for

marine organisms



fat, show a value which is

still below sea water

quality standard for

marine organisms



On the other hand, nitrate,

phenol and heavy metals

(copper, cadmium, lead,

zinc, and nickel)

parameters show a value

which has exceeded sea

water quality standard.

II BIOLOGY

1. Vegetation Coastal vegetation Coastal vegetation Coastal vegetation

2. Wild Fauna - -

3. Aquatic Biota • Plankton community is

dominated by

Bacillariophyceae

Class;

• A few benthos on the

• Plankton community is

dominated by

Bacillariophyceae

Class;


• Plankton community is

dominated by

Bacillariophyceae

Class;




173

beach;


• No coral reef.

beach;


• No coral reef.

beach;


• Coral reef available.


Demography

Impacted Villages Nonong Sinorang Sinorang

Population No.

(People)

1,537 3,609 3,609

Total area (km2) 61.88 122.36 122.36

1.

Population density

(people/ km2)

25 29 29

Social Economy

Land use Rice field, mixed garden /

plantation, fishermen’s

settlement area, relatively

close to fishermen’s

fishing area.

Rice field, mixed garden /

plantation.

Rice field, mixed garden /

plantation, relatively close

to fishermen’s settlement

area

Livelihood Farmer, fisherman Farmer, fisherman Farmer, fisherman

2.

Transportation Land: car, motorbike;

Sea: boat

Land: car, motorbike;

Sea: boat

Land: car, motorbike;

Sea: boat



174

Social Culture

Ethnic groups Saluan, Ta’a, Bugis Saluan, Bugis Saluan, Bugis

2.

Public perception Small part of the

respondents refuses the

activity.

Accepting project activity. Accepting project activity.



1

6. ESTIMATION OF MAJOR AND SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS

Estimation of major and significant impacts done to each environmental component

resulted by the scoping process (in Terms of Reference document) is classified as

hypothetically significant impacts. Illustration of the entire estimation of impacts from

various activity phases to environmental components is presented in matrix (Table

6.1) and impact flowchart (Picture 6.1).

Table 6.1. Matrix of Major and Significant Impact Estimation

A B C D Activity Phase

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 1

Pre-construction Phase

Land and crops acquisition

Construction Phase

* Equipment / material mobilization

* Land clearing and preparation

* Construction of production facility

* Pipe installation

* Well drilling

Operational Phase

* Production process

* Production facility maintenance

* Gas and condensate delivery

Post Operational Phase

* Well closure

* Dismantling of facilities

* Work termination



2

Remarks:

A. Geology Physics Chemistry C. Social Economy and Culture

1. Ambient air quality 1. Job opportunity

2. Noise 2. Business opportunity

3. Soil erosion 3. Accessibility

4. Drainage and irrigation systems 4. Regional Income

5. Water quality 5. Social process

6. Public attitude and

Perception

B. Biology D. Public Health

1. Vegetation 1. Public health

2. Wild fauna

3. Aquatic biota



3

Picture 6.1 Flowchart of Significant Impact Estimation



4

6.1 Pre-construction Phase

6.1.1 Social Processes and Public Perception

Social processes consist of, among others, associative and

dissociative processes. Social process referred to here emphasizes

more on dissociative process, namely social conflict potential caused

by land and crops acquisition. For the development of Senoro gas field,

a total of 232 Ha land is required. Of that total area, 34 Ha has been

acquired, while the remaining 198 Ha has not. Land and crops

acquisition activity is estimated to create (dissociative) social process if

no agreement is reached regarding the compensation amount to be

received by the villagers. Although agreement has been reached, if the

agreement is breached during the payment process, it is potential to

create dissociation. Result of interview with land owners whose lands

have been acquired for the development well site shows that land

acquisition that has taken place brings benefit for land owners. Land

compensation money which they have received can be used to buy

larger land parcels. From the above condition, almost all respondents

expect that their lands will be imposed by project activity. To avoid

dissociative potential, villagers also request for the compensation

amount to be determined through amicable discussion and the

payment to be made directly to land owners.

Total number of people to be imposed by the impact is quite significant,

namely land owners along the pipeline and CPF, and land owners

whose lands are taken for well development. Total area of impact



5

distribution is quite vast, which covers 3 (three) sub-districts and 16

villages in a total area of 232 Ha and a pipeline of 40 km. Positive

perception may take place if villagers are satisfied with the acquisition

process and the compensation amount which they receive. However,

negative perception may also arise if during land acquisition process,

no agreement on compensation amount is attained through amicable

discussion and if the payment is made through other parties.

Based on the above description, land acquisition activity will create

significant negative impact, namely dissociation.

6.2 Construction Phase

6.2.1 Soil Chemical-Physical Qualities

Changes in soil chemical physical qualities due to activities during pipe

installation construction phase, although not obvious, consist of

changes in several important soil parameters, namely texture,

aggregate stability, organic materials, and soil cation exchange

capacity (CEC), especially for soil in slope area.

Changes in several soil parameters before and after pipe installation

can be seen by comparing soil chemical physical qualities of initial top

soil to soil chemical physical qualities of subsoil which will be revealed

during and after pipe installation construction (Table 5.62). Changes in

soil chemical physical qualities, especially C-organic from 1.48 to



6

1.25%, CEC from 30.15 to 27.42 meq / 100 q, are not obvious or

relatively small so that they will not create serious impacts. It can be

said that other parameters will not experience obvious changes.

Senoro field pipe installation activities, which will be carried out by JOB

Pertamina – Medco during the construction phase, consist of land

preparation, ROW road construction and pipe installation; these

activities will create negative but insignificant impact to the

component of soil chemical physical qualities, based on several impact

criteria, according to the Decree of Head of Environmental Impact

Management Agency No. 056 Year 1994, namely impact duration,

impact intensity, total number of other environmental components

imposed by the impact, impact cumulative quality, and impact

reversibility. Also, based on the total number of people imposed by the

impact and total area of impact distribution, activities in the construction

phase will not create any significant impacts to soil chemical physical

qualities.

Table 6.2. Comparison of Soil Chemical Physical Qualities of Top Soil and

Subsoil

Soil Quality Top Soil Subsoil Difference

Texture Dusty clay Clay (rocky) Gravel – rock appears

Aggregate Stability Stable Not too stable Easy to slide

C-organic (%) 1.48 1.25 – 0.23

CEC (meq / 100 q) 30.15 27.42 – 2.73



7

The most upper layer of natural soil profile which has not been eroded

and is covered with dense vegetation will not have high organic

materials which are usually called manure (horizon A0). The layer

below it is humus (horizon A0) or weathered organic materials so that it

is fertile because in addition to N element source, it is also absorption

complex of other cation nutrient elements. Furthermore, below horizon

A0 mineral layer will be found which is rich in nutrient elements and

relatively darker in color (horizon A1) than the layers below it (Picture

5.17). Such profile condition is seen at almost along the pipeline,

except on soil with thin solum (Litosol), namely ≤ 25 cm. Such profile

condition will not be found on soil whose layers are thin, namely Litosol

soil, such as the land across Oil Palm Plantation of PT Kurnia Luwuk

Sejati (PT KLS) around Tangkiang Village or Kalolos Village and

Buyangge Village.

Those insignificant negative mpacts on soil chemical-physical qualities

will create secondary impacts to other environmental components,

namely water quality and vegetation condition.

6.2.2 Soil Erosion

Increase in erosion incurs because of change in land cover along the

pipeline and ROW from covered with vegetation (CP = 0.01 – 0.10) to

open with no vegetation (CP = 0.90). This change of land cover

increase CP index in the formula of erosion prediction so that with fixed



8

value of other erosion prediction parameters (R, K and LS factors), the

erosion along the ROW will become much higher. Changes in such

erosion prediction values are presented in Table 6.3. Erosion speed

index at ROW during construction increases sharply, namely from

1,749.7 to 683,463.9 tons / ha / year, thousand times higher than

tolerable erosion value (TSL), namely only 10 – 40 tons / ha / year.

Such huge erosion estimation happens in hills area which will be

passed by the pipes, namely Tangkiang, Kalolos, Buyangge, Uso,

Lamo, Tolando, Bakung, Bone Balantak and Gori-gori (Sinorang)

Villages. Soil erosion is limited to areas around the ROW, but the

significantly high erosion intensity will create secondary impacts to

other components, namely water turbidity and aquatic biota.

Considering that Batui area is generally of rocky subsoil, land stripping

must be conducted carefully in order to avoid slides.

Table 6.3 Calculation of Erosion Increase Estimation in Sloping Area in the Study Site due to Pipe Installation during Construction Phase



9

Notes: Penggunaan Lahan = Land Use Sebelum = Before

Sesudah = After Belukar Utuh = Whole Shrub

Alang-alang = Reed Kebun Campuran = Mixed Garden / Plantation

Belukar Berumput = Grassy Shrub

Based on the above description, land clearing and preparation and

pipe installation activities during the construction phase will create

significant negative impacts to soil erosion, according to the criteria

of impact duration, impact intensity, total number of other

environmental components imposed by the impact, impact cumulative

quality, and impact reversibility. Meanwhile, based on the total number

of people imposed by the impact and total area of impact distribution,

activities during the construction phase will not create any significant

impacts to soil erosion.

6.2.3 Drainage and Irrigation Systems

Trunk line of the pipeline which distributes gas from Senoro Wells #1, 2,

3, 4, and 5 to CPF around Senoro #2 will pass rice field area in Gori-

gori and Slametharjo Villages. Also the transmission pipeline from

CPF will pass by rice field area in Gori-gori (Sinorang) and Bakung

Villages. At construction phase, irrigation system, namely the quartery

channel which is not built with permanent cement, of those rice field

areas will be disturbed and quartery channel will be cut for as long as

12 meters at the pipeline. Meanwhile, trunk line and transmission



10

pipes which pass by secondary and tertiary irrigation channels built

permanently will disturb technical irrigation system in Sinorang and

Bakung Irrigation Areas, unless it is done using thrustboring technique.

During the construction phase, debit of those irrigation channels,

particularly quartery channels which will go directly into rice fields will

be disturbed; water puddles will be created and spread if the

construction is not well anticipated and paddy / rice plants in the field

will be disturbed. This condition will become worse during the wet

season which may cause siltation of those irrigation channels.

According to impact duration, impact intensity, total number of other

environmental components imposed by the impact, impact cumulative

quality, total area of impact distribution, and impact reversibility, pipe

installation activity will create negative impact to the drainage and

irrigation systems. Meanwhile, based on the total number of people

imposed by the impact, activities during the construction phase will not

create any significant impacts to drainage and irrigation system.

6.2.4 Fresh Water Quality

During the construction phase, impact happen to fresh water quality is

estimated to come from pipe installation activity, which passes several

Rivers, such as Batui, Kayowa, Bakung and Sinorang Rivers. This

impact can be direct impact of pipe laying down in the river, or indirect

impact of pipe installation on land which will cause changes in soil



11

quality and soil erosion. Pipe installation in sediment, changes in soil

quality, and soil erosion are estimated to increase turbidity in water

which will decrease the quality of river waters. Stripped soil is

estimated to enter rivers and create turbidity, which will affect the life of

aquatic biota. In addition, rivers in the project site are generally used

for domestic activities, such as bathing and washing, so that turbidity

will also create impacts to community’s social problem.

When pipe installation passes the rivers, technology applied is open

cut of river bottom. Open cut of river bottom is in the form of ditch

across the river which can cause turbidity. Turbidity caused by digging

activity happens due to mixing of river bottom. The total concentration

of suspended materials as the cause of turbidity can be determined by

the basic characteristics of waters, particularly the size of sediment.

Observation survey shows that the basic condition of river waters is

generally rocks and sandy; only small part is silt and clay (< 2%). Silt

and clay materials are estimated to contribute to water turbidity if they

are mixed in the water.

Material potential to cause turbidity can also be estimated through the

measurement of ditch digging plan (width and depth) for pipes which

are connected to river width. Is digging width and depth are assumed

at 1 m and 2 m, respectively, (please refer to description of

Subchapter 4.52.4) and river width is assumed at 28 m, the volume of

stripped material will be 56 m3. Some of the materials are rocks and

sand, and only 2% of the materials is fine material, which means that



12

materials that can contribute to suspended materials reach 1.12 m3.

By considering that there is a time interval of 3 minutes between

stripping and each stripping produces 1.5 m3, in each stripping,

suspended material potential to be produced is 0.03 m3 or 69 kg (mud

density of 2.3 kg / dm3). Considering that only some of fine materials

will be exposed by the water as the cause of turbidity, it is estimated

that only 3 kg will enter the waters in each stripping time within the time

period of 3 minutes.

In flowing river, within 3 minutes with water debit of 0.15 m / second,

water volume which mixes with suspended materials is 54 m3 (1 m x 2

m x 0.15 m / sec x 3 minutes). Hence, during stripping, turbidity

concentration at stripping source is estimated to reach 55 mg / l. This

turbidity will further be carried by the river flow and distributed in the

river. By taking into account turbidity intensity, which is relatively small,

it will not create any cumulative impacts and the impacts are reversible

over time, and the process will last within a period of approximately 2

hours; hence, it is estimated that the impact of river bottom digging to

the river water quality will be insignificant negative.

Turbidity may also come from stripped soil due to changes in soil

quality and river bank erosion. The estimation detailed in the above

Subchapter 6.2.1 shows that land stripping through changes in soil

quality will create insignificant negative impact to water quality.

However, changes to soil physical surface may have caused erosion,

particularly in area around the ROW. In areas near the rivers soil



13

erosion will enter the rivers which will significantly contribute to turbidity.

Subchapter 6.2.2 shows that this erosion process creates significant

impact according to impact intensity, impact duration, impact

cumulative quality, and impact reversibility. This shows that while

erosion takes place, erosion is potential to contribute to turbidity. This

means that construction activities, especially land preparation, which

will create soil erosion, will also cause turbidity. Since the intensity of

erosion speed is high, namely up o 683,463.9 tons / ha / year, and it

lasts for a long time, it is cumulative and reversible, erosion caused by

laying down of pipes will cause significant negative impact to river

water quality. This increase in turbidity will lead affect the life of biota

and to other aquatic biological processes in the rivers.

The affects of activities during the construction phase to fresh water

quality are waste water from hydrostatic testing activity, for as much as

12,342 m3. The water used for this activity is from river water and is

not given any anticorrosive substance. Hence, chemically waste water

from hydrostatic test into the river environment will create insignificant

negative impact to river environment.

6.2.5 Sea Water Quality

Decrease in sea water quality during the construction phase can be

from ditch stripping for laying down of pipes on Bangkiriang coast for

as long as 4 km. The digging of parallel ditch foundation on the beach



14

is estimated to create impact to turbidity of coastal waters, which will

further affect the life of marine biota.

Laying down of pipes will be done at the depth of > 13 m, according to

the regulation (Decree of Mining and Energy Minister No.

300.K/38/M.PE/1997 regarding Safety of Natural Oil and Gas

Transmission Pipes) where pipe laying down should not be done

through stripping at the bottom of the sea. Stripping will only be done

from coastal border to the sea with a distance of around 50 m and

depth of 2 m, so that the actual stripping volume is 400 m3. Stripped

soil will be backfilled, so that not so many materials will add to turbidity.

Observation on Bangkiriang coastal texture shows that it only contains

< 3% of silt and clay. These components are estimated to add to water

turbidity. Fine material mixing happens during stripping and

disturbance to stripped material stockpile by current and wave. The

total of fine material mixed and becoming part of the suspended

materials is 0.03 m3 or 69 kg (mud density of 2.3 kg / dm3), whereas

only exposed part will become part of suspended materials, so it is

estimated that only 3 kg will enter the waters within 3 minutes in each

stripping.

Considering the average sea current speed is 0.20 m / second for 3

minutes, the water volume which will mix the suspended is 72 m3 (1 m

x 2 m x 0.20 m / sec x 3 minutes). In this case, incurring turbidity in the

centre of stripping activity will reach 41.7 mg / l. Such turbidity will

further experience spreading in the river carried by the sea current.



15

Considering the intensity of turbidity which is relatively low, it will not

create any cumulative impact and the impact will be reversed over

time; hence, it is estimated that the impact of stripping of sea bottom to

sea water quality is insignificant negative.

6.2.6 Vegetation

Land clearing and preparation activities during the construction phase,

consist of tree and shrub cutting and clearing in the project site plan

whose total area is according to the needed land allocation.

Installation of production transmission pipes from each cluster to CPF

will use 8” pipe. Installation of transmission pipes will pass through

several types of vegetation. Pipes from Senoro #3 to Senoro #4 will

pass through rice fields, mixed gardens / plantation, and beach

vegetation; from Senoro #4 to CPF will pass through mixed gardens /

plantation. Installation of other transmission pipes is from Senoro #1 to

transmission pipeline and so on heading for CPF. From Senoro #5

transmission pipes will also be constructed heading for CPF.

Construction of transmission pipes starts from CPF to sales point in

(Tangkiang) Kintom using 24” pipes for as long as 40 km. Observation

result shows that types of vegetation to be passed through by the

transmission pipeline are mixed gardens / plantation, rice fields and

shrubs.



16

Result of vegetation analysis (floristic data) shows that transmission

pipeline site consists of mixed gardens / plantation, rice fields, shrubs

and beach vegetation. Those areas passed through are mixed

gardens owned by the people in the villages passed through. Analysis

on impacts caused by land clearing are specifically related to change in

people’s land status from mixed gardens and rice fields to pipeline

(ROW). Senoro gas field development and Senoro – Kintom gas

piping are estimated to create impacts to cultivation vegetation

indicated by ecological functions; those impacts are estimated to be

insignificant negative.

6.2.7 Wild Animals

Theoretically impacts or disturbances that could happen to wild animals

are direct and indirect disturbances. Activity impacted wild animals is

clearing of vegetation which is the habitat of wild animals; this impact is

direct impact. Impact source estimated to create impacts to wild

animals is gas pipe installation activity, namely clearing of lands for gas

pipe installation sites.

Placement of pipeline around Bangkiriang Animal Conservation will not

directly intersect with the conservation area because the pipes will

pass by sea area.

According to information on environment baseline, potential habitat for

wild animals is natural forest, namely Bangkiriang Animal Conservation



17

area. Since the pipe installation activity will not directly intersect with

wild animals’ habitat, it is estimated that land clearing activity in the

construction phase will not create any significant impacts to wild

animals.

6.2.8 Aquatic Biota

Turbidity as a result of erosion will create impacts to aquatic biota,

especially to sedentary benthos. Turbidity can disturb fish respiration

process on its gills, but since fish can move, the impact will be minor.

Moreover, turbidity is only temporary. Based on impact intensity and

duration, as well as total area of impact distribution during the

construction phase, the impact is insignificant negative.

6.2.9 Job Opportunity

Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities will

create job opportunity for local people. The need for local workers will

be absorbed particularly for porter workers. Land clearing / preparation,

facility construction, pipe installation and development well drilling

activities will also create job opportunities for local people. Potentially

available job opportunities are technicians and casual workers who will

handle types of rough work due to their low level of education. The

needs for local workers will be absorbed especially for security officers,



18

construction workers, welders, painters, assistants to heavy equipment

operators, and probably also skilled workers. To fill those job

opportunities, workers can be recruited from local people if they are

available and can meet the qualifications specified the Company /

Contractor.

Land clearing / preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and

development well drilling activities will require workers, both local and

external workers.

Based on data from the Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency, in

Banggai Regency registered workers are 2,409 people from various

levels of education; they are job seekers who are yet to be placed.

Although the contribution is not too significant, considering that job

opportunity is very rare and difficult, the existence of JOB Pertamina –

Medco is quite valuable in terms of labor absorption. If recruitment

does not involve local workers, dissociation will likely incur in all

construction activities.

Other component imposed by the impact is people’s income,

particularly community whose family members work in those activities.

From the 6 criteria of significant impact, total number of people

imposed by the impact in those activities is quite significant; total area

of impact distribution is quite vast, namely covering the area of Banggai

Regency; and impact duration is while construction activities take place,



19

namely around 2 years. Other components imposed by the impact are

income increase and positive public perception.

Based on the above details, it can be concluded that land clearing /

preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and development

well drilling activities have major impacts to the increase in job

opportunity and people’s income; hence, the impacts are categorized

as significant positive impacts. However, if in the recruitment of

workers, local workers are not given priority, the wage level is not in

compliance with the applicable Provincial Minimum Wage standard,

and labor recruitment is not allocated proportionally, labor recruitment

activity will create significant negative impacts to the occurrence of

dissociation, both vertical and horizontal.

6.2.10 Business Opportunity

Another impact from equipment / material mobilization, facility

construction, and pipe installation activities is the creation of business

opportunity for local people. Equipment / material mobilization activity

is estimated to open business opportunities, such as transportation

service for pipe transportation and crane (to move pipes from the

stockpile to pipe transporting trucks or to unload pipes from the trucks)

rental service. Land clearing activity opens business opportunities,

such as land clearing contractor and heavy equipment rental service.

Facility construction activity is estimated to create business



20

opportunities, such as facility construction contractor and construction

material supplier. Pipe installation activity is estimated to create

business opportunities, such as heavy equipment rental service.

Those business opportunities can be executed by the local people as

long as they meet the requirements specified by JOB Pertamina –

Medco.

The entry of external workers brought by the contractor will surely

require places to live. Hence, local people can rent their houses or

rooms for those external workers. Other business opportunity

estimated to incur is transportation service for project workers.

Other business opportunity will be business activity to fulfill daily needs

of the employees / workers, such as restaurants, grocery stores, etc.


imposed by the impact in those activities is quite significant; total area

of impact distribution is quite vast, namely covering the area of Banggai

Regency; and impact duration is while construction activities take place,

namely around 2 years. Other components imposed by the impacts

are income increase and positive public perception.

Based on the above details, it can be concluded that equipment /

material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing / preparation,

facility construction, pipe installation, and development well drilling

activities have major impacts to the increase in business opportunity



21

and people’s income; hence, the impacts are categorized as

significant positive.

6.2.11 Accessibility

Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities which

pass by public roads are estimated to increase traffic volume and to

cause damages to the roads which will lead to disturbance to street

users. Meanwhile, pipe installation activity which trespasses small

streets will also disturb users’ traffic.

Mobilization and demobilization activities have relatively low frequency,

namely only 2 trips (= 6 passengers’ car unit) daily. If compared to the

average daily traffic volume of 1,069 passengers’ car unit, mobilization

activity will only contribute as much as 0.56% to traffic density. Pipe

installation activity which will pass through village streets is also

estimated not to create traffic disturbance because the streets passed

through will only be passed by two-wheeled, instead of four-wheeled,

vehicles with very low frequency (averagely 1 motorbike per hour).

Hence, equipment / material mobilization / demobilization and pipe

installation activities will have minor impact of traffic disturbance and

the impact can be classified as insignificant negative.

On the other side, land clearing activity can increase people’s

accessibility because of the roads / streets to be constructed to gas

field site and pipeline. It will be easier for villagers to reach farming



22

areas, downtown or economic centers. The streets and pipe ROW

which will be constructed during the construction phase will

continuously be utilized by the villagers until the operational and post

operational phases. But pipe ROW cannot be used by the villagers for

transportation route for the safety of the pipes. Hence, the existence of

pipe ROW will lead to very minor impact to increase in accessibility.

Similarly to the existence of roads / streets to gas field site, whereas

the impact is estimated to be minor since the streets have already been

there and will only need to be made wider and improved. Hence, land

clearing activity for pipeline and streets to the gas field will have minor

impact of increase in accessibility, which is categorized as

insignificant positive.

6.2.12 Social Process (Dissociation)

a. Equipment / Material Mobilization / Demobilization and

Facility Construction Activities

Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization activity can also

create dissociation in case of traffic disturbances (road damage

and traffic accident) due to mobilization activity. Facility

construction activity is estimated to create dissociation in case of

noise and air quality decrease which will disturb public comfort.

Equipment and material mobilization will pass by village roads in

public settlement area, such as Slametharjo (Quarter I), Toili



23

(Quarter I) and Sinorang (Gori-gori, Central SInorang and

Pousubuloli) public settlement areas. Settlement areas are

located on the sides of village roads whose condition is still made

of soil and sand-rock hardened with width of around 4 meters. In

dry season the roads will be dusty, whilst in wet season some

places will have water puddles. If heavy equipment passes, it will

speed up village road damage. Road dust and damage can lead

to dissociation with the surrounding people.

Noise created by facility construction activity is estimated to

disturb the convenience of Central Sinorang villagers. Production

facility construction site is approximately 200 m from that

settlement area.

With regard to the criteria of significant impact, it can be seen from,

among others, the total number of people impacted, which is quite

significant, namely around 156 heads of households in Central

Sinorang, Gori-gori and Pousubuloli; and impact duration, which

will be as long as construction activities take place, namely

around 2 years.

Based on the above description, only equipment / material

mobilization / demobilization and land clearing / preparation

activities will have a major impact on the creation of dissociation;

hence, it is categorized as significant negative.



24

b. Pipe Installation Activity

Installation of pipes which pass through the river is estimated to

create dissociation if turbidity happens to the river used by the

villagers for bathing-washing-toileting. Pipe installation will pass

through Sinorang, Kayowa, Bakung, Batui, Omolu, Tangkiang,

and Kintom Rivers. Those rivers are used by the villagers for

bathing, washing, and toileting. In addition, the pipeline will also

pass by the village roads. Those rivers and roads will be dug

during pipe installation which will create turbidity in rivers and

disturbance to the convenience of village street users.

Installation of pipes which pass through irrigation channels is also

estimated to create dissociation in case of any disturbances to

water channels used to irrigate the rice fields. Besides that,

dissociation might also incur if pipe installation activity does not

take into account locally applicable customs and norms.

With regard to the criteria of significant impact, it can be seen from,

among others, the total number of people impacted, which is quite

significant; total area of impact distribution, which is quite vast,

namely covering 3 (three) sub-districts and 16 (sixteen) villages;

and impact duration, which will be as long as construction

activities take place, namely around 2 years.



25

Based on the above description, pipe installation activity will have

a major impact on the creation of dissociation; hence, it is

categorized as significant negative.

6.2.13 Disturbance to Fishermen’s Catch

Jetty construction and underwater flowline pipe installation activities

are estimated to disturb fishermen’s livelihood. Concrete piling for the

jetty and hole digging and flowline pipe installation which will pass

through the sea will create turbidity in sea water.

Based on analysis, turbidity distribution during concrete piling will be

around 500 m from the activity site, while during pipe hole digging

turbidity distribution will be around 700 m. The nearest fishermen’s

catching area from the activity site is in Nonong, which is around 9-10

km from the activity site. Within a distance of around 750 m from

Nonong Beach there are rumpons made of coconut leaves put up by

the fishermen as a place for the fish to lay eggs and for fish habitats.

Distribution of turbidity due to concrete piling and underwater pipe

installation activities will not reach rumpon locations or the nearest

fishermen’s catching area; hence, fishermen’s livelihood will not be

disturbed. In addition, jetty concrete piling and pipe hole digging

activities will take place very quickly, namely around 3 weeks for pipe

installation and 1.5 months for concrete piling.



26

Based on the above description, jetty concrete piling and underwater

pipe installation activities will have a minor impact on the disturbance to

fishermen’s catch; hence, it is categorized as insignificant negative.

6.2.14 Public Attitude and Perception

All impacts caused by project activities will lead to public attitude and

perception, which can be positive and negative.

Land clearing and preparation activities can create positive perception

if the activities significantly absorb local workers and logging wastes

are handled properly so that they will not disturb the esthetics of the

surrounding environment; but the perception can be negative if the

activities use external workers and logging wastes are disposed

recklessly. Since impact distribution area is quite vast, the activities

are estimated to affect public perception. Production facility installation

activity can lead to negative perception if it creates noise and dust

which disturb the villagers; however, the perception can also be

positive, if the activity absorbs local workers and will not create other

significant disturbances. Pipe installation activity may lead to negative

perception, if disturbance occur at irrigation channel and high turbidity

takes place in rivers used for bathing-washing-toileting. Since total

number of people impacted by the impacts is relatively significant and

impact distribution area is quite vast, pipe installation activity is

estimated to affect public perception.



27

6.3 Operational Phase

6.3.1 Ambient Air Quality

Change in air quality in the operational phase can be due to gas

combustion in the flare. This field activity aims to produce gas so that

the amount of gas burnt in the flare is very little, namely 0.02 MMSCFD,

which is meant to be for safety purpose only, in case of significant

increase in pressure in gas production system. Due to this gas

combustion, almost all hydrocarbons will change to H2O and CO2.

H2S concentration in the gas is already very low because H2S in gas

has been changed into solid sulfur in the form of sulfur cake during the

production process. After desulfurization process, H2S concentration

in the gas will become less than 4 ppmv. Gas combustion in the flare

will change H2S into SO2. Considering that H2S concentration in the

gas combusted is very low and the total amount of gas burnt is also

very little, SO2 gas and hydrocarbon emission from the flare will not

increase its concentration in the ambient air up to a dangerous level.

Hence, impact of gas combustion in the flare at CPF to ambient quality

air is insignificant negative.

6.3.2 Noise

Noise during the operational phase of gas production comes from the

sound of compressor at the CPF. Noise impact estimation uses

production facility noise impact analogy at observation station in Matra



28

field of PT Expan Nusantara South Sumatera. Within a distance of 100

m from the production facility, noise level is averagely 63 dBA. Noise

impact estimation in various distances from the production level is

presented in Table 6.4. From that impact estimation result, it can be

seen that noise level which meets noise level quality standard for

settlement and residential areas of 55 dBA is attained within the

distance of 250 m from the production facility. The distance between

CPF Senoro and the nearest public settlement area (Senorang Village)

is around 200 m. Noise within the distance of 200 m from the CPF is

estimated to be around 56.9 dBA or above the quality standard of noise

for residential and settlement areas. This noise will last for a long

period, namely while gas production process takes place. Hence,

noise impact from gas production operation is significant negative

impact which requires management and monitoring.

Table 6.4 Estimation of Noise Impact from CPF Senoro #1 (based on

Analogy)

No. Distance from Source (meter) Noise Level (dBA)

1. 0 (within the production facility location / compressor)

103 – 105

2. 100 63.0

3. 150 59.5

4. 200 56.9

5. 250 55.1

6. 300 53.5



29

6.3.3 Sea Water Quality

The impact of gas field development operational activity in Senoro to

sea water quality may incur through produced water disposal.

Excessive disposal level, particularly chemical concentration which is

not easily degradable, is estimated to reduce the quality of sea water in

the coastal area.

Information on waste disposal describes the characteristics of chemical

substances carried in the waste water, which consist of sulfide, oil and

fat, and pH. These chemical compounds in the sea water may affect

the life of marine biota.

To provide illustration on the impact, disposed waste in sea water is

simulated by using SMS software version 8.1. Several constraints in

this simulation are that produced water disposal reaches 2000 bpwd,

simulation time is 15 days, and the condition of current is generated

from tidal data in January for 15 days taken from forecast book by

Office of Hydro-Oceanography (Dishidros, 2006). Simulation result

shows that hydrodynamically, the simulation does not give obvious

differences from the data on in-situ one-time measuring result. The

simulation result on dispersion of pollutants can be seen in Picture 6.2.

Pollutant dispersion tends to move to Southwest. Concentration of

50% - 40% is more localized in the radius of 50 – 100 m.

Concentration change is smaller based on next different distances.

Change happens very fast to the Northeast, but it takes place slowly to



30

the Southwest. At coastal perpendicular direction, concentration

decrease of 17% is estimated to happen within a distance of 500 m

and it will become 12% within a distance of around 1,000 m. This

condition will surely be different it goes to the Southwest whereas 12%

can become further.

Furthermore, if assumed that produced water disposal concentration

contains 25 ppm of oil and fat and 0.5 ppm of H2S, estimated

concentration based on distance is presented in Table 6.5.

Table 6.5 Estimation of H2S and Oil and Fat Concentration in Waste

Entering the Sea according to Simulation Result

Distance from Disposal Pipe (m) Component Unit

50 100 500 1,000

H2S mg / l 0.25 0.2 0.085 0.06

Oil and fat mg / l 12.5 10 4.25 3

The above data show that based on its intensity and duration, impact is

significant, considering that the process can take place during the

operational phase activities, in addition to total area of impact

dispersion, impact cumulative quality, and other environmental

components imposed by the impact. Therefore, impact of operational

activity of gas field development to sea water quality is classified as

significant negative (–S).



31

6.3.4 Aquatic Biota

Decrease in water quality due to production operational process is

estimated to create a secondary impact to aquatic biota component.

Impact created is negative, but based on impact intensity, impact is

classified as insignificant negative.

6.3.5 Job Opportunity

Production operational activity requires workers, both skilled and

unskilled. This need for workers will open job opportunity for local

people, such as administrative worker and office boy. Additionally,

production facility maintenance activity will create job opportunity, such

as janitor, gardener, line checker, etc. The number is relatively small

but it lasts as long as the production operation lasts.

Although the contribution is not too significant, considering that job

opportunity is very rare and difficult, the existence of JOB Pertamina –

Medco is quite valuable in terms of labor absorption. If recruitment

does not involve local workers, dissociation will likely incur in all

construction activities.

Other component imposed by the impact is increase in people’s

income, particularly community whose family members work in those

activities.



32


imposed by the impact in those activities is relatively small; total area of

impact distribution is quite vast, namely covering the area of Banggai

Regency; and impact duration is while operational activities take place,

namely around 30 years. Other components imposed by the impact

are income increase and positive public perception.

Based on the above details, it can be concluded that production

operational activity have major impacts to the increase in job

opportunity and people’s income; hence, the impacts are categorized

as significant positive.

6.3.6 Regional Income

Operational process activity will produce gas whose sales outcome will

contribute to the increase in regional income. Various corporate

responsibilities will increase share in regional income as oil and gas

producer. This regional income will be used to develop Banggai

Regency and will last for as long as the company is in operation. Local

economy has developed due to multiple effects of the increase in

money circulation (employees’ salary, company expensese, and land

compensation money). In addition, the growth of various companies

which utilize gas, such as LNG mini plant, methanol, CNG

(Compressed Natural Gas), etc. will also increase local economic

activities.



33

In 2003 mining and excavation sector only contributed 1.21% to the

Gross Regional Domestic Product of Banggai Regency. However,

mining and excavation sector in the last few years has continuously

grown quite significantly. In 2002 and 2003 mining and excavation

sector grew by 4.57% and 5.61%, respectively. The operation of

Senoro Gas Field will allow more contribution from mining and

excavation sector. Such income amount is in accordance with laws

and regulations on production sharing of natural oil and gas industry

between the central government and provincial / regency / city

government.

With regard to criteria of significant impact, total number of people

imposed by the impact in those activities is relatively significant,

namely all people of Banggai Regency; total area of impact distribution

is quite vast, namely covering the entire area of Banggai Regency; and

impact duration is while operational activities take place, namely

around 35 years.

Based on the above details, it can be concluded that operational

process activity has a major impact to the increase in regional revenue,

which is categorized as significant positive.

6.3.7 Social Process and Public Perception

Production operational activity which causes noise and gas odor (H2S)

is estimated to lead to dissociation between the community and the



34

company and a secondary impact to the creation of negative

perception. Dissociative process can also incur if the production

process activity does not involve the local people as workers. Gas

transmission is also estimated to create impact on the incurrence of

public concern about the incurrence of pipe explosion. Based on

interview with the respondents, 21.9% of the respondents express their

concern on the incurrence of pipe and production facility explosion.

The nearest settlement area (Central Sinorang Quarter) is around 200

meters from the production process location. Based on air quality

analysis, unpleasant odor dispersion within the distance of 200 m will

no longer disturb air quality, so it will not disturb the community.

However, since the community can very easily protest for any

inconvenience they experience, dissociation and negative perception

potentials still exist.

With regard to criteria of significant impact, the total number of people

imposed by the impact is relatively significant, namely people residing

in Central Sinorang, i.e. 156 heads of households; and impact duration

is while the company is in operation (30 years).

Based on the above details, it can be concluded that operational

process activity has a significant negative impact, namely the

creation of dissociation.



35

6.3.8 Public Health

Decrease in air quality will have a secondary impact on public health

disturbance. The location of production process activity at CPF

Alternative #1 is within a distance of 200 m from the nearest settlement

area (Central Sinorang Quarter).

Based on air quality analysis, noise level within a distance of 200 m

(CPF Alternative #1) still exceeds the quality standard so that it will

lead to hearing disturbance. Meanwhile, noise level at CPF Alternative

#2, which is around 3,000 m from settlement area, is estimated to

disturb public health. With regard to noise source at CPF Alternative

#1 air quality management needs to be done in order to prevent public

health disturbance.

Based on the above description, production process activity will create

impact of public health disturbance at CPF Alternative # 1 which is

categorized as significant negative impact.

6.4 Post Operational Phase

6.4.1 Business Opportunity

Facility dismantling activity will create business opportunities, such as

facility dismantling and dismantled material transportation services.

This activity will create limited business opportunities, will only last for a

short period (< 1 month), and will not require many workers.



36

Therefore, facility dismantling activity will have minor impact on the

creation of business opportunity, which is classified as insignificant

positive impact.

6.4.2 Accessibility

Ex facility material transportation activity will pass by public roads so

that it will increase traffic volume and the incurrence of public road

damage. The frequency of ex facility material transportation activity will

be very low, namely around 1 trip (one passenger’s car unit) per day. If

compared to traffic volume in baseline, i.e. 1,069 passenger’s car unit

and service level (V/C ratio) which is only ≤ 0.35 (A), demobilization

activity will only contribute 0.28% to traffic density. From impact

duration, ex facility material transportation activity will only last for a

short period (< 1 month).

Based on the above description, it can be concluded that transportation

activity will have minor impact of traffic disturbance, which is

categorized as insignificant negative impact.

6.4.3 Social Process (Dissociation)

During post operational phase, activity estimated to be potential to

create impact of dissociation is Work Relation Termination (layoff)

activity. This is because during the post operational phase there will be



37

layoff, which will affect domestic economy, which consequently will

create unexpected new problems.

Layoff policy will surely create unrest among the workers, but the

Company and the contractor have policies which prevail and must be

executed in settling layoff issues. However, this is still potential to

create dissociation.

Looking at the above details, layoff activity during post operational

phase by the Company and the Contractor is estimated to lead to

significant negative impact of public attitude and perception.

6.4.4 Public Perception

All impacts created by project activities during the post operational

phase will lead to public perception, which can be positive or negative.



38

Facility dismantling activity which will use local contractor and workers

can create positive perception. But negative perception may incur if

the activity uses external workers and dismantled materials are

disposed recklessly. In addition, layoff (Work Relation Termination)

process can also create negative perception if not well prepared or if

not in compliance with the prevailing manpower regulations. Layoff

activity will be done according to applicable manpower regulations by

providing all workers’ entitlements.

Hence, facility dismantling and layoff activities will have minor impact of

the incurrence of negative perception, which can be categorized as

insignificant negative.



1

7. EVALUATION OF MAJOR AND SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS

Evaluation of significant impacts is a holistic description on the entire significant

impacts (positive and negative) which happen at various activity phases with regard

to the existing main issues to analyze feasibility of the environmental aspects. In this

impact evaluation analysis will only focus on significant impacts. Furthermore, the

result of significant impact evaluation will be used as the basis to prepare

Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (RKL and RPL).

7.1 Evaluation on Major and Significant Impacts

The methods used in evaluating major and significant impacts are significant

impact evaluation matrix (Table 7.1) and significant impact flow chart (Picture

7.1) accompanied with descriptive details of each impact at each activity

phase.

7.1.1 Pre-Construction Phase

Land acquisition activity during this phase is estimated to create social

process (dissociation) if no agreement is reached on land and crops

compensation value to be received by the villagers. Although

agreement is reached, any mistakes in the payment process may

create dissatisfaction of the villagers, which is potential to create

dissociation.



2

7.1.2 Construction Phase

Erosion will increase because of change in land cover along the

pipeline ROW, namely from closed by vegetation to open with no

vegetation. If increase in CP value is from 0.01 – 0.10 to 0.09, while

other parameters (R, K, and LS factors) are assumed to be fixed,

erosion along the pipeline ROW is estimated to be higher, namely from

around 1,749.7 tons / ha / year to around 683,463.9 tons / ha / year.

Tolerable erosion value is only around 10 – 40 tons / ha / year.

Such significantly high intensity will create a serious secondary impact

to other environmental components, namely turbidity in water bodies.

Turbidity also comes from excavated soil on river bank, especially at

rivers with steep river bank. This excavated soil is estimated to enter

the river water and create turbidity. High turbidity will affect the life of

aquatic biota. In addition, it will also affect domestic activities, such as

bathing and washing, which take place at the rivers.

During the construction phase, irrigation debit, particularly at quartery

channels which go directly into the fields, will be disturbed. Water

puddles will appear and spread out if the construction is not well

anticipated, and some of the rice plants in the fields will be disturbed

and will even be damaged and die. The condition will worsen if during

pipe installation heavy rain falls within a relatively long period, in

addition to excessive amount of excavated soil which can spread

around the rice fields and will create siltation to the irrigation channel.

Hence, land clearing / preparation and pipe installation activities are



3

estimated to create significant negative impacts to soil erosion, river

water quality, and drainage and irrigation systems.

During this phase, labor to be absorbed will be prioritized for the local

people in accordance with the specified requirements and qualifications.

Equipment / material mobilization, land clearing / preparation, and pipe

installation activities during the construction phase are estimated to

create business opportunities for the local people / contractors, namely

selling daily needs for project workers, transportation facility and heavy

equipment rental services, and supplier of construction materials and

catering food materials, as long as they all meet the specified

requirements. Although the construction phase takes place within a

relatively short period, it is estimated to be highly beneficial for the local

people; hence the impact is significant positive.

During the construction phase, equipment / material mobilization and

demobilization activities will create dissociative impact if they create

traffic disturbances (road damage and traffic accident). Additionally,

dissociative process can also incur if villagers’ convenience is

disturbed due to noise and decrease in air quality and water quality.

This dissociative process will finally lead to the creation of public

negative perception.



4

7.1.3 Operational Phase

H2S concentration in natural gas which comes from the production

wells is around 600 ppmv, after being separated at the separator which

will be processed at H2S Removal installation into solid sulfur. The

total of 0.02 MMSCFD of gas burnt at the flare stack only contains H2S

in the flow of ± 10 ppmv. Meanwhile the quality standard of H2S

disposal into the air is maximum 70 ppmv.

Noise which will be created by the processing installation at CPF up to

a radius of 350 m is estimated to be 56.1 dBA. Meanwhile, currently

the location of public settlement area of Sinorang Village, which is the

nearest location from the CPF site plan, is around 200 m; hence, the

noise level is still above the quality standard of noise level for

settlement and residential areas, i.e. maximum 55 dBA.

Produced water as a result of production process is maximum 8,000

BWPD (0.015 m3 / second), after being treated at the Waste Water

Treatment Plant, the level of water quality parameter is in accordance

with the specified rules and regulations. The volume of waste water to

be disposed into the sea water is around 0.025 m3 / second.

Based on the above details, it can be concluded that production

process activity is estimated to create significant negative impacts on

the change in ambient air quality, noise and sea water quality.

Gas emission and noise from the processing installation are estimated

to create disturbance to public convenience and health within the



5

radius of up to 350 m around the CPF. This can lead to dissociative

process. Impact estimated to incur is significant negative.

Natural gas production activity in Senoro Field will directly and

indirectly stimulate local / regional economic growth, in addition to urge

acceleration of equal distribution of development outcomes through

increase in regional income obtained from tax and production share of

oil and gas producing regions.

7.1.4 Post Operational Phase

The post operational phase, namely during layoff process, is estimated

to create dissociation. This is because during this phase workers will

be reduced, which will further affect domestic economy; hence it will

consequently create unexpected new problems. Although the

Company and the contractor have set up applicable terms and

conditions to handle layoff issue, it is still potential to create dissociation.

7.2 Environmental Feasibility Assessment

Assessment on environmental feasibility aspect of an activity plan is done by

considering that the existence of a project will cumulatively provide more

advantages (positive impact) than disadvantages. Another thing to be brought

up is that the incurring significant impacts can be prevented, minimized and /

or resolved through both technological and social approaches.



6

Based on analysis to various significant impacts estimated to happen due to

activities of Senoro Gas Field Development and Gas Pipeline from Senoro to

Kintom, in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, it can be concluded

that the negative impacts can basically take place, if in the implementation no

impact control measures are taken, not only preventive measures prior to

impact occurrence, but also measures to overcome the impacts while they are

incurring and after they happen.

If that can be implemented and formulated under the Environmental

Management Plan document, various significant negative impacts estimated

to happen will be able to minimize. On the other hand, significant postive

impacts estimated to incur also need to be managed so that they can be

maximized. Thereby, the plan for the development of Senoro Gas Field and

Gas Pipeline from Senoro to Kintom, in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi

Province, can be assessed as it has met the aspect of environmental

feasibility; hence, the actiity plan can be proceeded.

7.3 Analysis as the Basis for Management

To formulate anticipation and handling measures of significant negative

impacts and or maximization of siginificant positive impacts, identification of

various environmental elements which are vulnerable to those signifincant

impacts need to take place before hand. This is meant to facilitate the

formulation of direction and design of effective and efficient management

efforts under the Environmental Management Plan document.



7

The above-mentioned details are based on the definition or interpretation of

sensitive environmental elements, namely elements from environmental

element group which is susceptible to fundamental changes due to project

activities and can create secondary impacts to other environmental

components. Through management of sensitive environmental elements, the

secondary significant impacts incurring to the other environmental elements

can also be managed, so that public perception to JOB Pertamina – Medco

E&P Tomori Sulawesi will expectedly become positive.

Based on the above, environmental elements classified as sensitive element

because they can easily change due to the activities of Senoro Gas Field

Development and Gas Piping from Senoro to Kintom in Banggai Regency,

Central Sulawesi Province are: social process, public attitude and perception,

job opportunity, business opportunity, soil erosion, drainage and irrigation

systems, water quality, noise and public health against the activity plan.

7.4 Direction of Environmental Management

Environmental management needs to be done as a strategy to anticipate and

handle significant negative impacts that could possibly happen and various

efforts to maximize positive impacts. Priority in environmental management is

given to sensitive environmental elements with regard to positive impacts

estimated to happen. Such various environmental management efforts /

strategies need to be more accurately and thoroughly designed and outlined

under one separate document, namely the Environmental Management Plan



8

(RKL). To measure the success or drawback in environmental management,

RKL will be compelemented with Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL).

Based on activity phases, the basis of environmental management that needs

to be prepared at each activity phase is as follows:

Pre-construction Phase

* Dissociative process and negative public perception will be managed

through amicable discussions with regard to land acquisition and will be

coordinated with government officials.

Construction Phase

• Erosion increase, disturbed irrigation, increasing turbidity are managed

through topsoil securing measures, construction of ditches on the left and

right sides of ROW, replanting with covering vegetation and technical civil

measures for ground water and other water conservation after backfilling

with topsoil;

• Management of dissociative process is done by performing soil digging

and pipe installation in the rivers at night, installing steel board or plate on

village roads dug for pipe holes, speeding up digging and pipe installation

processes, undertaking CD programs, holding selamatan (asking for

safety and security from the God) prior to pipe installation activity, and

coordination with customary institutions and village officials.



9

Operational Phase

• The decreasing ambient air quality can be worked out by conducting

routine inspection and taking the appropriat prompt measures in case of

any disturbances to gas production equipment and management is done

by directing what sort of actions that must be taken by the villagers in case

of gas leak at CPF or at gas pipes;

• Increasing noise can be worked out by setting up green lane with narrow

interval on the side of CPF area facing the nearest settlement area;

• Increasing turbidity can be overcome by reducing the concentration of

compounds disposed into the river;

• Management of the incurring social process and increase in contribution

share in the regional income can be fulfilled by paying all company’s

obligations and supporting industries / factories utilizing gas.

Post Construction Phase

• Management of layoff impacts during post operational phase can be done

through setting up a layoff program before commencing post operational

phase and the layoff process is based on the prevailing terms and

conditions, not only in determining layoff system, but also in settling

severance payment.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (RKL)

DEVELOPMENT OF SENORO GAS FIELD AND SENORO – KINTOM GAS

PIPELINE, BANGGAI REGENCY, CENTRAL SULAWESI PROVINCE

Jakarta, November 2006


TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

No.: MGMT 462 / XI / 06

The undersigned,

Name : M. Indra Kusuma

Position : General Manager

as the Officer-in-Charge in the implementation of Environmental Management and

Environmental Monitoring of business activity:

Activity Name : DEVELOPMENT OF SENORO GAS FIELD AND

SENORO – KINTOM GAS PIPING BY JOB

PERTAMINA – MEDCO E&P TOMORI

SULAWESI

Office Address : 18th floor, Bidakara Tower

Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto Kav. 71 – 73

Jakarta 12870

Activity Location : Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province

herewith states:

that we have filled in the form of Environmental Management Plan (RKL) and

Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) with the correct and actual information and we

RKL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 1



will implement the plans in accordance with the requirements and obligations

specified under the Environmental Management Plan (RKL) and Environmental

Monitoring Plan (RPL).

In case of any changes in the project development, we are willing to prepare and

make adjustment in accordance with the prevailing regulations.

This Statement Letter is made to be used whenever needed.


JOB PERTAMINA – MEDCO E&P TOMORI SULAWESI

Signed, stamped and attached with stamp duty of Rp 6,000

M. Indra Kusuma

General Manager




PREFACE

The Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro – Kintom Gas Pipeline in

Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, are estimated to create impacts to the

environment, not only negative, but also positive. To maximize positive impacts and

to minimize negative ones, JOB Pertamina – Medco Tomori Sulawesi plans to carry

out environmental management as a part of Environmental Impact Assessment

(AMDAL) study.

This Environmental Management Plan (RKL) contains environmental management

activities for impacts classified as significant impacts.

The formulation of Environmental Impact Assessment AMDAL document refers to

the Decree of Head of Environmental Impact Management Agency No. 9 Year 2000

regarding the Guidelines for the Formulation of Environmental Impact Assessment.




We are hopeful that this document will be useful as consideration material in

undertaking the entire project activities.



Signed and stamped

M. Indra Kusuma

General Manager




TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Preface

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Pictures

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.2 Objectives and Intensions of the Environmental Management Plan

(RKL)

1.3 Environmental Policy

1.4 The Use of Environmental Management

2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

2.1 Technological Approach

2.2 Social-Economic Approach

2.3 Institutional Approach




3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

3.1 Pre-Construction Phase

3.1.1 Management of Impact from Land Acquisition on the Incurrence

of Dissociation


3.2.1 Management of Impact on Soil Erosion

3.2.2 Impact on Drainage and Irrigation Systems

3.2.3 Management of Water Quality Disturbance

3.2.4 Management of Impact from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land

Clearing and Preparation, Facility Construction, and Pipe

Installation to Job Opportunity and Public Income

3.2.5 Management of Impact from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land


Installation to Business Opportunity

3.2.6 Management of Impact from Equipment / Material Mobilization /

Demobilization and Facility Construction to the Incurrence of

Dissociation

3.2.7 Management of Impact from Pipe Installation to the Incurrence

of Dissociation





3.3.1 Management of Noise Impact

3.3.2 Management of Water Quality Disturbance

3.3.3 Management of Impact on the Increase in Regional Income

3.3.4 Management of Impact from Operational Process Activities to

the Incurrence of Dissociation

3.3.5 Management of Impact from Operational Process Activities to

Public Health Disturbance


3.4.1 Management of Impact on Termination of Work Relation (Layoff)

to the Incurrence of Dissociation

4. BIBLIOGRAPHY




LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 Matrix of Environmental Management Plan on the Development of

Senoro – Kintom Gas Field




LIST OF PICTURES

Picture 3.1 Design of Control Box / Basin and Drop Structure / Rip Rap

Picture 3.2 Design of Quartery or Tertiary Channel

Picture 3.3 Environmental Management Location Map




1. PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Background

PT JOB Pertamina – Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi (JOB Pertamina – Medco) plans

to undertake development of gas field in Senoro and gas transmission through

transmission from Senoro to Kintom, for various needs of industries to be developed

in this area, in addition to condensate transmission to lay down and shipping

locations in Nonong area.

The development of gas field and pipeline requires a total area of 232 Ha. Field

development activity consists of drilling of development wells, construction of

production facilities and processing stations, as well as installation of pipes for gas

and condensate transmission. Production plan from this field is ± 240 MSCFD

(Million Standard Cubic Feed per Day) of gas and ± 10,000 BCPD (Barrels

Condensate Per Day) of condensate. Gas field development and gas / condensate

pipeline are estimated to create significant impacts to several environmental

components.

JOB Pertamina – Medco intends to implement Environmental Impact Assessment

(AMDAL) study. This is in accordance with the commitment to carry out protection to

the environment in each activity, in addition to Law No. 23 Year 1997 regarding

Environmental Management, Government Regulation No. 27 Year 1999 regarding

Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), and Decree of Environment State

Minister No. 17 Year 2001 regarding Type of Business and / or Activity that Must Be

Completed with Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL).




The outcome of Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) study basically

consists of information on various activity components estimated to create significant

impacts (negative and positive), environmental feasibility assessment for the activity

plan, and alternative environmental management and monitoring plans to be

implemented.

In gas field development plan, activities to be carried out in the outline consist of:

• Permitting and acquisition of 232 Ha of land, equipment and material

mobilization, and recruitment of labor for construction and operational

phases;

• Clearing and preparation of land for gas field development, rehabilitation of

ex excavation land, labor release, and gas pipeline management.

Based on Law No. 23 Year 1997 regarding Environmental Management,

Government Regulation No. 27 Year 1999 regarding Environmental Impact

Assessment (AMDAL), and Decree of Environment State Minister No. 17 Year 2001

regarding Type of Business and / or Activity that Must Be Completed with

Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), gas field development activity in

Senoro and gas transmission activity through transmission pipeline from Senoro to

Kintom are included as activities compulsory to be completed with Environmental

Impact Assessment (AMDAL), because those activities are potential to create

significant impacts to the environment.

To prevent or resolve all significant impacts estimated to incur and to maximize

continuously the significant positive impacts estimated to incur, various

environmental management efforts need to be designed, namely in the form of




Environmental Management Plan (RKL) document. This document contains points

of direction, principles, criteria or requirements for impact prevention / anticipation /

control.

1.2 Objectives and Intensions of Environmental Management Plan (RKL)

The objectives and intensions of Environmental Management Plan (RKL) are to

implement laws and regulations on environmental management and to carry out

environmentally friendly development policy. On a related matter, the specific

objectives of RKL formulation are:

• To formulate various policy efforts to prevent, handle, and control

significant negative environmental impacts and to maximize significant

positive environmental impacts, as integrated parts in the implementation

of activity plan.

• To identify parties involved in the implementation, coordination and

supervision of environmental management activities in the context of

activity plan.

• To formulate directions for the preparation of Environmental Monitoring

Plan (RPL) document which will provide feedback information on the

success and effectiveness of environmental management activities to be

implemented.




1.3 Environmental Policy

The activity plan is estimated to create significant and major impacts to the

environment. On the other side, this activity is highly needed particularly in the

fulfillment of gas in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, and nationally in

line with the enhancement of national development. From the perspective of the

importance to preserve environmental roles, functions, and benefits, management

efforts are needed to be implemented wisely, carefully planned and appropriately

controlled. This management effort is meant to minimize impacts to ecosystem

balance and socio-economic-cultural condition of the people around the activity

location. Environmental management conducted through various appropriate

policies and actions in order to minimize impacts that will occur. Measures taken

through the formulation of the RKL and RPL are expected to result in anticipation

and controlling efforts of various negative impacts predicted to take place and to

develop positive impacts incurred by gas field development activities for the sake of

public welfare.

In order to attain those targets, JOB Pertamina – Medco as a company that realizes

its roles and responsibilities in sustainable national and regional development will do

its best to:

• Comply with all prevailing regulations in environmental management area,

both nationally and locally;

• Continuously carry out improvements in implementing its activities by

referring to RKL and RPL;




RKL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi

14

• Try to cooperate with the local people around the activity area by applying

mutual respect, active partnership, and long term commitment.

1.4 The Use of Environmental Management

The uses of RKL formulation for the development of gas field in Senoro and gas

transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom are:

* For Project Executor / Implementer: To be used as guidelines in

implementing environmental management programs, so the operational of

gas field development in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission

pipeline from Senoro to Kintom can take place environmentally wisely;

* For the Government: To be used as information source and guidelines in

implementing maintenance, supervision, and preservation of environment

found around the area of gas field development in Senoro and gas

transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom;

* For the People: To be used as information source to learn and have an

understanding on gas field development in Senoro and gas transmission

through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom which will be

environmentally friendly, in order to avoid misunderstanding and to establish

mutually beneficial cooperation between the Management and the

surrounding people.


2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

Prevention, control and handling measures of negative impacts due to activity plan

basically depend on available science and technology, are economically feasible,

and can be executed by the Company. Alternative approaches are (1) technology;

(2) social economy; and (3) institutional, with environmental management targets are

environmental components estimated to be imposed by significant impacts and

activities which are the sources of significant impacts.

Technological approach provides the kinds and specification of technology used in

handling significant impacts. Social, economic and cultural approach explains

impact handling aspects, including intensive and / or non-intensive approach.

Institutional approach identifies institutions that are responsible for and have

interests in environmental management implementation.

2.1 Technological Approach

In planning environmental management, the main issues that need to be firstly

identified are the targets of environmental management so that the management can

take place efficiently and effectively, by taking into account latest technological

development, particularly technology used for road, railway and river tracks, namely

using HDD technology; while for data baseline, inspection uses Intelligent Pigging

technology, through the use of MFL (Magnet Flux Leakage) method. Hence, the

purposes of management can be attained and the management can provide

maximum use for the initiator, government and people.




With regard to the management of impacts, technological approach will be used on:

Management of Impacts due to Gas Field Development

Principally, technological approach for management of impacts due to

activities will be done to primary / direct impacts.

Impacts of noise disturbance

Technological approach to be used consists of:

* To undertake routine inspection to all production facilities so that they

will remain in good condition;

* To set up green lane with narrow interval on the side of CPF area

facing the nearest settlement area. This activity can use bamboo plant

and other tree species with relatively dense leaves, such as evergreen

and ketapang.

Impacts of Soil Erosion Disturbance

Technological approach to be used consists of:

* In sloping area, to carry out securing measures on top soil in a safe

place, considering that in several places soil solum is very shallow or

rocky in the subsoil.

* To make ditches on the left and right sides of ROW; this will require

further action, namely planting of covering vegetation, such as cover

crops or other shrubs.




Impacts of Drainage and Irrigation System Disturbance

Technological approach to be used consists of the construction of evading

channels or temporary siphon so that the irrigation water can still flow in

quartery or tertiary channel.

Impact of Water Quality Disturbance

Technological approach on water quality disturbance consists of:

* Approach used on the incurrence of turbidity is the same with the one

used on impact of soil erosion disturbance.

* To reduce lead concentration through Waste Water Treatment

Installation.

2.2 Social-Economic Approach

Social-economic approach in environmental management on significant impacts

estimated to incur will be from the aspects of cost, simplicity / easiness, and social

economy.

Impacts of Land Acquisition

* Land and crops compensation payment process is done through

amicable discussion and in accordance with the prevailing regulations

between the initiator and land owners in the presence of government

officials.




* Land and crops compensation payment is made directly to land owners

with no intermediary in the presence of government officials.

* Establishing coordination with customary institutions from the

community whose lands will be released in order to avoid horizontal

conflict between villagers who agree on the acquisition and those who

disagree.

Impact of Labor Recruitment

* Labor wage scheme will refer to Banggai Regency Minimum Wage

applicable when project is running.

* Establishing coordination with customary institutions in order to avoid

horizontal conflict among villagers.

Impact of Business Opportunity

To encourage contractor to prioritize local workers as long as they meet the

requirements and qualifications of labor recruitment.

Activity Impacts on the Incurrence of Dissociation

* To observe the applicable traffic rules and regulations.

* To coordinate with authorized officials in the use of village streets that

will be passed by.

* To set the speed (maximum 20 km / hour) for transporting vehicles

when passing by residential areas.




Impacts on Regional Income

* To pay all corporate obligations (royalty, retribution, Land and Building

Tax, VAT, Income Tax, etc.) in accordance with the prevailing

regulations.

* To support industries / factories using gas as raw material by

transmitting gas to the locations of requiring industries / factories.

Impact of Work Relation Termination (Layoff)

* To prepare layoff program prior to post operational phase and to base

the process on the prevailing regulations, not only in determining the

layoff system, but also in the settlement of severance pay.

2.3 Institutional Approach

Institutional approach to be conducted is by undertaking coordination with the related

institutions in implementing management of existing impacts. Incurring impacts and

related institutions are:

Impacts of Erosion, Water Quality, Air Quality and Noise:

* Coordination with Provincial Development Planning Agency,

Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and

the Directorate General of Oil and Gas. Supervision from those

institutions is when gas has been operated.





5

Impacts of Soil Erosion and Drainage System:

* Coordination with Office of Irrigation of Banggai Regency, Provincial

Development Planning Agency, and Environmental Impact

Management Agency of Banggai Regency. Supervision from those

institutions needs to be done, particularly during construction of

irrigation channels.

Impacts of Increase in Job Opportunity and Public Income:

* Coordination with Manpower Office at Regency and City levels,

especially in regulating local workers. Supervision from those

institutions needs to be done, especially to protect the rights of the

workers.

Impacts to Regional Income:

Institutional approach used consists of:

* Coordination with the Directorate-General of Oil and Gas.

* Coordination with local government where pipe installation activity

takes place, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai

Regency, and Provincial Development Planning Agency.


3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental management plan to be implemented by PT JOB Pertamina – Medco

E&P Tomori Sulawesi is prepared based on the type of activities which become the

sources of impacts in each environmental components / parameters estimated to be

imposed by significant impacts by the activities of gas field development in Senoro

and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom. This is

in accordance with the outcome of Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL), where

management will focus on significant impacts, both negative and positive.

To easily attain the objectives of environmental management of various significant

impacts, this environmental management plan analysis will consist of: (1) impact

source; (2) environmental component to be imposed by significant impact; (3) impact

standard; (4) environmental management implementation method; (5) environmental

management location; (6) environmental management period; and (7) environmental

management funding.


3.1.1 Management of Impacts from Land Acquisition to the Incurrence

of Dissociation

a. Significant Impact

Significant impact estimated to happen is the incurrence of

dissociation between land owners and the project implementer.




b. Impact Source

The acquisition of around 220 Ha of land for gas field

development, construction of supporting facilities, condensate

laydown facilities and jetty, and for pipeline installation.

c. Impact Standard

* Satisfaction of land owners and cultivators who receive

compensation;

* No incurrence of dissociation during and after land

acquisition.

d. Environmental Management Plan Objective

To avoid the incurrence of dissociation during and after land

acquisition process.

e. Environmental Management

* Undertaking amicable discussion to determine

compensation value (both land and crops) by involving

land owners, head of the neighborhood, head of

community, village and sub-district officials, customary

institution, and National Agency for Land Affairs.

* Land and crops compensation process to be done based

on amicable discussion and the prevailing regulations




between the initiator and land owners in the presence of

government officials.

* Payment of land and crops compensation to be made

directly to the land owners without intermediary in the

presence of government officials.

* Undertaking coordination with customary institution of the

villagers whose lands are going to be released to avoid

horizontal conflicts between villagers who agree on the

land acquisition and villagers who disagree.

f. Environmental Management Locations

Management covers villages imposed by land acquisition,

namely Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan Village),

Sinorang, Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando,

Balantang, Lamo, Honbola, and Uso Villages, in addition to

Kalolos, Tangkiang, and Padang Villages.

g. Environmental Management Period

Management is done during land acquisition process with the

following period:

* Coordination with customary institution and government

officials is done before land acquisition takes place.




h. Environmental Management Funding

Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB


i. Environmental Management Institutions:

* Implementing : JOB Pertamina – Medco.

* Supervising : Environmental Impact Management

Agency of Banggai Regency, National

Agency for Land Affairs of Banggai

Regency.

* Reporting : Environment Ministry, Environmental

Impact Management Agency of Central

Sulawesi Province, and Environmental

Impact Management Agency of Banggai

Regency.


3.2.1 Management of Impact of Soil Erosion


Significant impact of soil erosion happens due to indicative

prediction of increase in erosion speed which is highly significant

during construction phase, namely around1,749.7 to 683,463.9 RKL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 3



tons / ha / year (in area with inclinity of > 40% and slope length

of > 100 m, for example in Batui area), while the tolerable

erosion is 10 – 40 tons / ha / year.

b. Impact Source

Almost all activities during the construction phase are the

sources of erosion. The most potential activities to create

significant negative impacts to environmental component of soil

erosion are land clearing / preparation and pipeline installation

activities.

c. Impact Standard

Standard used for environmental management is soil

sedimentation as a result of erosion around the ROW at the

basin or valley, particularly in sloping areas during pipe

installation.


To avoid soil around gas pipeline track to be carried or flown to

further places, particularly locations directly heading for body of

water, such as river.



To attain the above objective, the management to be

undertaken includes, firstly, securing topsoil in sloping area to a

safer place, considering that soil solum is shallow or rocky on



subsoil. After gas has been buried and ditches have been

constructed on the left and right sides of the ROW, the next step

will be planting of covering vegetation, such as cover crops (for

example Calopogonium) or other shrubs which do not have

deep rooting (less than 50 cm) and technical civil measures of

conservation of soil, water, etc. The technical civil building is

gulud terrace and control basin and drop structure (small rip

rap) at water channels on the right and left sides of ROW

(Picture 3.1).


Land rehabilitation activity is done along gas pipeline on the

ground.


Land rehabilitation activity is done during the construction phase

up to six months after the construction phase is completed.










Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of

Settlement and Regional Infrastructure

of Banggai Regency.





Regency.

3.2.2 Impact to Drainage and Irrigation Systems


This gas field development activity will create significant impact

to many physical, chemical, and biological environmental

components, such as drainage and irrigation systems.

b. Impact Source

Sources of impact to drainage and irrigation systems are land

clearing / preparation and pipeline installation.

c. Impact Standard

Standard that can be used for environmental management plan

is the total area of water puddle around the pipeline or ROW on




the fields during pipe installation and passing through tertiary /

quartery irrigation channels.

d. Environmental Management Plan Objectives

To prevent or minimize impacts on the disturbed water supply of

irrigation to the fields on the downstream from the channels

passed by the pipeline and to minimize damage to existing

irrigation channels.


To attain the above objective, the management to be

undertaken includes the construction of evading channel or

temporary siphon so that the irrigation water can still flow on the

quartery or tertiary channels or irrigation water supply will not be

disturbed (Picture 3.2).


Land rehabilitation activity is done along gas pipeline which

passes through or passes by tertiary / quartery irrigation

channels.


Management is done until irrigation channel is back to normal,

namely to supply water just like before gas pipeline installation

takes place during the construction phase.












of Banggai Regency.





Regency.

3.2.3 Management of River Water Quality Disturbance


Pipe installation activity through rivers will create significant

impact to river water quality.




b. Impact Source

Source of impact that can impose impacts to the environment is

the secondary impact of pipe installation through rivers,

especially in river area with steep river banks. In such condition

soil stripping at river bank is needed so that pipe installation can

turn naturally to the river bottom. This soil stripping at river bank

is estimated to cause erosion, especially during rain. Eroded

soil may enter the river so that it will create turbidity in river

water.

c. Impact Standard

Impact standard that can be used for environmental

management plan is the total amount of soil material entering

the river water in the form of turbidity and total suspended solids

(TSS) (Government Regulation No. 32 / 2001).


To reduce soil erosion level so that it will not enter river water,

which may decrease water quality, particularly the turbidity and

total suspended solids (TSS).


Environmental management is done while handling soil erosion.





Pipeline track on Kayowa, Bakung, Sinorang, and Batui Rivers.


Land rehabilitation activity is done along the pipeline until the

water quality is back to normal, just like before gas pipeline

installation takes place.







Agency of Banggai Regency,

Environmental Impact Management

Agency of Central Sulawesi,

Environment Ministry, Directorate

General of Oil and Gas.

* Reporting : Environmental Impact Management









3.2.4 Management of Impacts from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land

Clearing / Preparation, Facility Construction, and Pipe Installation

to Job Opportunity and Public Income


Significant impact estimated to incur is increase in job

opportunity, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in

public income.

b. Impact Source

Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing/

preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and well

drilling activities will create job opportunity for the local people.

c. Impact Standard

Impact standards that can be used are:

• Total number of workers and composition of local workers

that can be absorbed in the project activities during the

construction phase for impact of increase in job opportunity,

i.e. around 30% from the total workers recruited based on

needs.




• Regency Minimum Wage which is applicable for workers’

wages.


To optimize participation of local workers in Senoro gas field

development activity.


* To absorb local workers based on qualification and

competence;

* To use Provincial Minimum Wage of Central Sulawesi as

reference for waging;

* To avoid the incurrence of horizontal conflict between

villages by applying social approach, e.g. through

customary institution, village officials or neighborhood

officials;

* To undertake CD programs according to the people’s

needs and company ability, and or based on the

prevailing regulations.


Management is done particularly to all villages where land

acquisition takes place, namely Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong

(Saluan Village) in Toili Sub-district; Sinorang, Bone Balantak,




Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang, Lamo, Honbola,

and Uso Villages in Batui Sub-district; and Kalolos, Tangkiang,

and Padang Villages in Kintom Sub-district; and generally to the

entire population of Banggai Regency.


Management is done during the construction phase, namely

while recruitment process takes place.








Manpower of Banggai Regency.

* Reporting : Environment Ministry, Directorate

General of Oil and Gas, Environmental


Regency.




3.2.5 Management of Impacts from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land


to Business Opportunity


Significant impact estimated to incur is the creation of business

opportunity for local people, which will have a secondary impact,

i.e. increase in public income.

b. Impact Source


preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and well

drilling activities will create business opportunity for the local

people.

c. Impact Standard

Impact standards that can be used are:

• Total number and type of business opportunities to be

performed by the local people.

• Total number of local workers that can be absorbed in the

available business sectors / opportunities.


To optimize participation of local people and contractor /

business actors in increasing business opportunity. RKL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 14




To provide opportunity for local business actors to become

partners (of the company) by observing procedures applied by

the Company.


Management is done at the representative office of JOB



Management is done during the construction phase, namely

during the selection process for contractors.








Manpower of Banggai Regency.






Regency.

3.2.6 Management of Impacts from Equipment / Material Mobilization

and Demobilization and Facility Construction to the Incurrence of

Dissociation


Significant impact estimated to incur is the creation of

dissociation between the villagers with project executor due to

decrease in air quality which disturbs public convenience.

b. Impact Source

Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities

which pass by the village roads.

c. Impact Standard

Impact standard is public claim on the disturbance to public

convenience.


To prevent the incurrence of dissociation while equipment /

material mobilization and facility construction take place.





* To observe prevailing traffic regulations.

* To coordinate with the authorized officials in utilizing the

village roads to be passed by.

* To regulate speed (maximum 20 km / hour) of

transporting vehicles when pass by settlement areas.


Management is done along the village roads passed by vehicles

transporting equipment and materials.


Management is done while equipment / material mobilization

and facility construction processes take place.







Agency of Banggai Regency.






Regency, Environmental Impact

Management Agency of Central

Sulawesi.

3.2.7 Management of Impacts from Pipe Installation Activity to the

Incurrence of Dissociation



dissociation due to water turbidity in the rivers used for bathing,

washing, toileting; disturbance to convenience of village road

users; and disturbance to irrigation system.

b. Impact Source

* Pipe installation activity which trespasses rivers. Pipe

installation will pass by Sinorang, Kayowa, Bakung, Batui,

Omolu, Tangkiang, and Kintom Rivers. Those rivers are

used by the villagers for their daily needs.

* Pipe installation which trespasses village roads. Rivers

and village roads will be dug during pipe installation

which will create turbidity in river and disturbance to

village road users’ convenience.




* Pipe installation trespassing irrigation channels is also

estimated to create dissociation if any disturbances take

place on the water channel used to irrigate the rice fields.

c. Impact Standard

Impact standard is total number and type of public claims on the

disturbance to water source for bathing, washing, and toileting,

in addition to disturbance to drainage system.


To prevent the incurrence of dissociation during pipe installation,

which trespasses rivers, village roads, and irrigation channels.


To carry out persuasive approach to the community by

socializing the activity plan, which will pass through irrigation

channels, rivers and village roads.


* Sinorang, Kayowa, Bakung, Batui, Omolu, Tangkiang,

and Kintom Rivers.

* Roads in Slametharjo, Toili, Moilong (Saluan Village)

Villages, Sinorang Village (Sinorang Tenga, Gori-gori,

and Pousubuloli Quarters).




* Irrigation channels in Slametharjo, Toili, Moilong (Saluan

Village) Villages in Toili Sub-district; Sinorang, Bone

Balantak, Maisng, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang

Villages.


Management is done while pipe installation takes place.







Agency of Banggai Regency.





Sulawesi.





3.3.1 Management of Noise Impact


Due to noise from the sound of gas compressors, noise level in

the nearest settlement area, namely Sinorang Village, is

estimated to reach 62 dBA or above the quality standard for

settlement and residential areas, i.e. 55 dBA.

b. Impact Source

Noise comes from the sound of gas compressors at CPF

Senoro.

c. Impact Standard

Impact standard is noise quality standard according to the

Decree of Environment Minister No. KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996

for settlement and residential areas, namely 55 dBA.


To maintain noise level in the nearest settlement area from the

CPF to be maximum 55 dBA.


Environmental management is done by setting up green lane

with narrow intervals along the side of CPF land / site which




faces the nearest settlement area. This can use bamboo

vegetation and other tree species with dense leaves, such as

evergreen and ketapang.


Management is done along the side of the CPF area which

borders or faces the settlement area.


Management is done one time for planting of vegetation / green

lane to muffle noise from CPF and will be continued with

maintenance during the operational phase of gas production at

CPF.







Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate

General of Oil and Gas, Environment

Ministry.







Ministry.

3.3.2 Management of Disturbance to Sea Water Quality


Disposal of waste water which can create significant impact to

sea water quality.

b. Impact Source

Source of impact that can create impacts to the environment is

the disposal of produced water which contains several chemical

compounds, such as oil and H2S. Chemical compound of

produced water entering the water area will create decrease in

water quality and affect the life of organisms in the sea waters.

c. Impact Standard

Chemical compound concentration, especially H2S, oil and fat,

as well as phenol from produced water entering the river and

sea waters (Decree of Environment Minister No.

42/MENLH/10/1996) and or other applicable regulations.





The objective of environmental management is for the quality of

water to be disposed into the water body / environment to meet

the quality standard specified by the Government.


To reduce the concentration of H2S and oil and fat through

Waste Water Treatment Facility.


Management location is at the Waste Water Treatment Facility.


Twice a year by considering the representation of wet and dry

seasons while operational phase takes place.












Agency of Central Sulawesi Province,

Environment Ministry, and Directorate








3.3.3 Management of Impact on the Increase in Regional Income


Significant impact estimated to incur is increase in regional

income from oil and gas production result, in addition to other

activities related to gas exploration activity. Besides that, the

emerging of various companies which utilize gas, such as LNG

and methanol mini plants, will also improve local economic

activities.

b. Impact Source




Operational activity will produce gas whose sales result will be

allocated to the region as royalty and retribution based on the

applicable regulations.

c. Impact Standard

Statistics of regional income from mining sector in Banggai

Regency.


The target of management is social economic component,

namely to improve company participation in increasing regional

income and Gross Domestic Regional Product from the mining

sector.


* Production improvement and maintenance.

* Maintaining safety of supply


Impact management location is mining are and gas processing

facility in Senoro field.


Once a year or according to the prevailing regulations.









* Supervising : Environment Ministry, Environmental




Sulawesi Province, Directorate General

of Oil and Gas, and Regional

Development Planning Agency of

Banggai Regency.





Sulawesi Province, Directorate General

of Oil and Gas.

3.3.4 Management of Impact from the Operational Process Activities to

the Creation of Dissociation






dissociation between the community and the company.

b. Impact Source

Production process activities creating noise are estimated to

create dissociation between the community and the company.

Dissociative process can also incur if the production process

activities do not involve local people as workers.

c. Impact Standard

No dissociation incurs.


To avoid the incurrence of dissociation during the operational

process in Senoro field.


Management is done by managing the primary impact, namely

noise.


Sinorang Village (operational process site), especially Central

Sinorang Village.





Management is done as long as operational process takes place,

whenever there is a claim from the community.








Health.





Sulawesi Province.




3.3.4 Management of Impact from the Production Process Activities to

Public Health Disturbance


Significant impact estimated to incur is public health disturbance

to increase in noise.

b. Impact Source

Production process activities which create noise.

c. Impact Standard

Total number and type of public claims due to the incurrence of

noise.


To avoid disturbance to public health.


Management is done to the noise impact sources.


Sinorang Village, especially Central Sinorang Village.


According to noise management.











Health.





Sulawesi Province.


3.4.1 Management of Impact from Labor Layoff to the Creation of

Dissociation



dissociation.




b. Impact Source

Impact source is labor layoff during post operational phase.

c. Impact Standard

Whether or not there is unrest and claim from the workers

imposed by the layoff.


To minimize the incurrence of dissociation between the

company and the workers while layoff process is ongoing.


To prepare layoff program before the post operational phase

starts and to base the process on the prevailing regulations, not

only in determining the layoff system, but also in settling the

severance payment


Management is done at the company and contractor’s offices.


Management is done during the post operational phase.





33






* Supervising : Central Sulawesi Governor c.q.



Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental


Regency, and Directorate General of Oil

and Gas.

* Reporting : Central Sulawesi Governor c.q.






and Gas.


Table 3.1 Matrix of Environmental Management Plan for the Development of Senoro Gas Field ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS NO.

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT

TYPE OF IMPACT IMPACT SOURCE IMPACT STANDARD MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN MANAGEMENT LOCATION

MANAGEMENT PERIOD IMPLEMENTING SUPERVISING REPORTING

A PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Dissociation Incurrence of

dissociation between land owners and the project implementer

The acquisition of around 220 Ha of land for gas field development, construction of supporting facilities, condensate laydown facilities and jetty, and for pipeline installation.

* Satisfaction of land owners & cultivators who receive compensation;

* No incurrence of dissociation during & after land acquisition.

To avoid the incurrence of dissociation during and after land acquisition process.

* Undertaking amicable discussion to determine compensation value (both land and crops) by involving land owners, head of the neighborhood, head of community, village and sub-district officials, customary institution, and National Agency for Land Affairs.

* Land and crops compensation process to be done based on amicable discussion and the prevailing regulations between the initiator and land owners in the presence of government officials.

* Payment of land and crops compensation to be made directly to the land owners without intermediary in the presence of government officials.

* Undertaking coordination with customary institution of the villagers whose lands are going to be released to avoid horizontal conflicts between villagers who agree on the land acquisition and villagers who disagree.

Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan Village), Sinorang, Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang, Lamo, Honbola, and Uso Villages, in addition to Kalolos, Tangkiang, and Padang Villages.

Done before land acquisition.

JOB Pertamina – Medco.

Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, National Agency for Land Affairs of Banggai Regency.

Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.


0


B. CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Soil Erosion Indicative prediction of

increase in erosion speed which is highly significant.

Land clearing / preparation and pipeline installation activities.

Soil sedimentation as a result of erosion around the ROW at the basin or valley, particularly in sloping areas during pipe installation.

To avoid soil around gas pipeline track to be carried or flown to further places, particularly locations directly heading for body of water, such as river.

* planting of cover crops; * construction of gulud terrace and control basin and drop structure at water channels on the right and left sides of ROW.

Gas pipeline. Up to six months after the construction phase is completed.

Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure of Banggai Regency.


2. Drainage and Irrigation Systems

Disturbed drainage and irrigation systems.


Total area of water puddle around the pipeline / ROW in the fields during pipe installation and intersecting tertiary / quartery irrigation channels.

To prevent or minimize impacts on the disturbed water supply of irrigation to the fields on the downstream from the channels passed by the pipeline and to minimize damage to existing irrigation channels.

Construction of evading channel or temporary siphon.

Along gas pipeline which passes through or passes by tertiary / quartery irrigation channels.

Done until irrigation channel is back to normal, namely to supply water just like before gas pipeline installation takes place during the construction phase.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure of Banggai Regency.


3. Water Quality Incurrence of turbidity in river area.

Pipe installation through rivers, especially in river area with steep river banks.

Total amount of soil material entering the river water in the form of turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) (Gov’t Regulation No. 32 / 2001).

To reduce soil erosion level so that it will not enter river water, which may decrease water quality, particularly the turbidity & total suspended solids (TSS).

Environmental management is done while handling soil erosion.

Pipeline track on Kayowa, Bakung, Sinorang, and Batui Rivers.

Land rehabilitation activity is done along the pipeline until the water quality is back to normal, just like before gas pipeline installation takes place.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi, Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas.



1


4. Job Opportunity Increase in job opportunity, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in public income.

Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing/ preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and well drilling activities will create job opportunity for the local people.

• Total number of workers and composition of local workers that can be absorbed in the project activities during the construction phase for impact of increase in job opportunity, i.e. around 30% from the total workers recruited based on needs.

• Regency Minimum Wage which is applicable for workers’ wages.

To optimize participation of local workers in Senoro gas field development activity.

* To absorb local workers based on qualification and competence;

* To use Provincial Minimum Wage of Central Sulawesi as reference for waging;

* To avoid the incurrence of horizontal conflict between villages by applying social approach, e.g. through customary institution, village officials or neighborhood officials;

* To undertake CD programs according to the people’s needs and company ability, and or based on the prevailing regulations.

All villages where land acquisition takes place and to the entire population of Banggai Regency.

During the construction phase, namely while recruitment process takes place.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency.

Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.

5. Business Opportunity Business opportunity for local people, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in public income.

Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing / preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and well drilling activities will create business opportunity for the local people.

• Total number and type of business opportunities to be performed by the local people.

• Total number of local workers that can be absorbed in the available business sectors / opportunities.

To optimize participation of local people and contractor / business actors in increasing business opportunity.

Provide opportunity for local business actors to become partners (of the company) by observing procedures applied by the Company.

Representative office of JOB Pertamina – Medco.

During the construction phase, namely during the selection process for contractors.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency.

Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.


2


6. Dissociation The incurrence of dissociation between the villagers with project executor due to decrease in air quality which disturbs public convenience.

Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities which pass by the village roads.

Public claims on the disturbance to public convenience.

To prevent the incurrence of dissociation while equipment / material mobilization and facility construction take place.

* To observe prevailing traffic regulations.

* To coordinate with the authorized officials in utilizing the village roads to be passed by.

* To regulate speed (maximum 20 km / hour) of transporting vehicles when pass by settlement areas.

Along the village roads passed by vehicles transporting equipment and materials.

While equipment / material mobilization and facility construction processes take place.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.

Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi.

7. Dissociation The incurrence of dissociation due to water turbidity in the rivers used for bathing, washing, toileting; disturbance to convenience of village road users; and disturbance to irrigation system.

Pipe installation activities trespassing rivers, roads, and irrigation channels.

Total number and type of public claims on the disturbance to water source for bathing, washing, and toileting, in addition to disturbance to drainage system.

To prevent the incurrence of dissociation during pipe installation, which trespasses rivers, village roads, and irrigation channels.

Persuasive approach to the community.

Rivers and roads passed by.

Done while pipe installation takes place.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.


C. OPERATIONAL PHASE

1. Noise Incurrence of noise near the settlement area.

The sound of gas compressors at CPF Senoro.

Noise quality standard according to the Decree of Environment Minister No. KEP-48/MENLH/11/ 1996 for settlement and residential areas, i.e. 55 dBA.

To maintain noise level in the nearest settlement area from the CPF to be maximum 55 dBA.

Setting up green lane which borders with settlement area.

In settlement area. Done one time for planting of vegetation / green lane to muffle noise from CPF and will be continued with maintenance during the operational phase of gas production at CPF.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environment Ministry.



3


2. Water Quality Disturbance to sea water quality.

Disposal of produced water which contains several chemical compounds, such as oil and H2S. Chemical compound of produced water entering the water area will create decrease in water quality & affect the life of marine organisms.

Chemical compound concentration, especially H2S, oil and fat, as well as phenol from produced water entering the river and sea waters (Decree of Environment Minister No. 42/MENLH/10/ 1996) and or other applicable regulations.

For the quality of water to be disposed into the water body / environment to meet the quality standard specified by the Government.

To reduce the concentration of H2S and oil and fat through Waste Water Treatment Facility.

At Waste Water Treatment Facility.

Twice a year by considering the representation of wet and dry seasons while operational phase takes place.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Environment Ministry, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas.


3. Regional Income Increase in regional income.

Operational activity will produce gas whose sales result will be allocated to the region as royalty and retribution based on the applicable regulations.

Statistics of regional income from mining sector in Banggai Regency.

To improve company participation in increasing regional income and Gross Domestic Regional Product from the mining sector.

* Production improvement and maintenance.

* Maintaining safety of supply.

Field operational area. Once a year or according to the prevailing regulations.


Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, and Regional Development Planning Agency of Banggai Regency.

Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Directorate General of Oil and Gas.


4



5

4. Dissociation The incurrence of dissociation between the community and the company.

Production process activities creating noise are estimated to create Dissociative process can also incur if the production process activities do not involve local people as workers.

No dissociation incurs. To avoid the incurrence of dissociation during the operational process in Senoro field.


In villages around CPF. As long as operational process takes place, whenever there is a claim from the community.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Health.

Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province.

5. Public Health Disturbance to public health due to increase in noise.

Production process activities which create noise.

Total number and type of public claims due to the incurrence of noise.

To avoid disturbance to public health.


In villages around CPF. According to noise management.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Health.

Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province.

D. POST OPERATIONAL PHASE

The incurrence of dissociation.

Labor layoff during post operational phase.

Whether or not there is unrest and claim from the workers imposed by the layoff.

To minimize the incurrence of dissociation between the company and the workers while layoff process is ongoing.

To prepare layoff program before the post operational phase starts and to base the process on the prevailing regulations, not only in determining the layoff system, but also in settling the severance payment.

Management is done at the company and contractor’s offices.

During the post operational phase.


Central Sulawesi Governor c.q. Environmental Impact Mgt Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental Impact Mgt Agency of Banggai Regency, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas.

Central Sulawesi Governor c.q. Environmental Impact Mgt Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental Impact Mgt Agency of Banggai Regency, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas.

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (RPL)

DEVELOPMENT OF SENORO GAS FIELD AND SENORO – KINTOM GAS

PIPELINE, BANGGAI REGENCY, CENTRAL SULAWESI PROVINCE



PREFACE

The Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro – Kintom Gas Pipeline in

Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, are estimated to create impacts to the

environment, not only negative, but also positive. To maximize positive impacts and

to minimize negative ones, and to monitor the successful convening of

environmental management, JOB Pertamina – Medco Tomori Sulawesi plans to

carry out environmental monitoring as a part of Environmental Impact Assessment

(AMDAL) study, which is a continuation of environmental management.

This Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) contains environmental monitoring

activities on impacts classified as significant impacts.

The formulation of Environmental Impact Assessment AMDAL document refers to

the Decree of Head of Environmental Impact Management Agency No. 9 Year 2000

regarding the Guidelines for the Formulation of Environmental Impact Assessment.

We are hopeful that this document will be useful as consideration material in

undertaking the entire project activities.



Signed and stamped

M. Indra Kusuma

General Manager

RPL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 1



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Preface

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.2 Objective and Intension of the Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL)

1.3 The Use of Environmental Monitoring

2. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN


2.1.1 Monitoring of Impact from Land Acquisition on Land Possession


2.2.1 Monitoring of Impact on Soil Erosion

2.2.2 Monitoring Impact on Drainage and Irrigation Systems

2.2.3 Monitoring of Water Quality




2.2.4 Monitoring of Impact from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land


Installation to Job Opportunity and Public Income

2.2.5 Monitoring of Impact from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land

Clearing and Preparation, and Facility Construction to Business

Opportunity

2.2.6 Monitoring of Impact from Equipment / Material Mobilization /


Dissociation

2.2.7 Monitoring of Impact from Pipe Installation to the Incurrence of

Dissociation


2.3.1 Monitoring of Noise Impact

2.3.2 Monitoring of Impact to Air Quality


2.3.4 Monitoring of Impact from Operational Process Activities to

Increase in Regional Income

2.3.5 Monitoring of Impact from Production Process Activities to the


2.3.6 Public Health Disturbance





2.4.1 Monitoring of Impact from Termination of Work Relation (Labor

Layoff) to the Incurrence of Dissociation

3. BIBLIOGRAPHY




LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Matrix of Environmental Monitoring Plan on the Development of

Senoro–Kintom Gas Field




1. PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Background

PT JOB Pertamina – Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi (JOB Pertamina – Medco) plans

to undertake development of gas field in Senoro and gas transmission through

transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom, for various needs of industries to be

developed in this area, in addition to condensate transmission to lay down and

shipping locations in Nonong area.

The development of gas field and pipeline requires a total area of 232 Ha. Field

development activity consists of drilling of development wells, construction of

production facilities and processing stations, including installation of pipes for gas

and condensate transmission. Production plan from this field is ± 240 MMSCFD

(Million Standard Cubic Feed per Day) of gas and ± 10,000 BCPD (Barrels

Condensate per Day) of condensate. Gas field development and gas / condensate

pipeline are estimated to create significant impacts to several environmental

components.

JOB Pertamina – Medco intends to implement Environmental Impact Assessment

(AMDAL) study. This is in accordance with the commitment to carry out protection to

the environment in each activity, in addition to Law No. 23 Year 1997 regarding

Environmental Management, Government Regulation No. 27 Year 1999 regarding

Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), and Decree of Environment State

Minister No. 17 Year 2001 regarding Type of Business and / or Activity that Must Be

Completed with Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL).




The outcome of Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) study basically

consists of information on various activity components estimated to create significant

impacts (negative and positive), environmental feasibility assessment for the activity

plan, and alternative environmental management and monitoring plans to be

implemented.

In gas field development plan, activities to be carried out in the outline consist of:

• Permitting and acquisition of 232 Ha of land, equipment and material

mobilization, and recruitment of labor for construction and operational

phases;

• Clearing and preparation of land for gas field development, rehabilitation of

ex excavation land, labor release, and gas pipeline management.

Based on Law No. 23 Year 1997 regarding Environmental Management,

Government Regulation No. 27 Year 1999 regarding Environmental Impact

Assessment (AMDAL), and Decree of Environment State Minister No. 17 Year 2001

regarding Type of Business and / or Activity that Must Be Completed with

Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), gas field development activity in

Senoro and gas transmission activity through transmission pipeline from Senoro to

Kintom are included as activities compulsory to be completed with Environmental

Impact Assessment (AMDAL), because those activities are potential to create

significant impacts to the environment. To prevent or resolve all significant impacts

estimated to incur and to maximize continuously the significant positive impacts

estimated to incur, various environmental management efforts need to be designed,

namely in the form of Environmental Management Plan (RKL) document. This




document contains points of direction, principles, criteria or requirements for impact

prevention / anticipation / control.

The management efforts which refer to the above RKL document need to be

monitored for their successful and effective implementation. Those monitoring

efforts are specified in a document of Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL)

The successful and effective implementation of environmental management is

proven by the condition of monitoring indicators or other success criteria specified in

RPL document, which can be a proof of compliance and care of PT JOB Pertamina –

Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi in environmental management. Additionally, it is also

a proof of government’s success in implementing environmentally friendly

sustainable development as expected by the community.

1.2 Objective and Intension of Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL)

The objective and intension of Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) in the

development of gas field in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission

pipeline from Senoro to Kintom are to implement laws and regulations on

environmental management and to carry out environmentally friendly development

policy. On a related matter, the specific objectives of Environmental Monitoring Plan

are to identify effectiveness of the implemented environmental management efforts,

based on directions recommended under the RKL document for the development of

gas field in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro

to Kintom.




1.3 The Use of Environmental Monitoring

The uses of RPL formulation for the development of gas field in Senoro and gas

transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom are:

* For Project Executor / Implementer:

As guidelines in implementing environmental monitoring programs

used to evaluate the effectiveness and to follow up the implementation

of environmental management;

As a data and information source on the effectiveness of environmental

management efforts to minimize significant negative impacts and to

maximize significant positive impacts as the consequences of the

formulation of various policy measures and prevention / anticipation /

control measures of significant negative environmental impacts and to

optimize significant positive environmental impacts, as an integrated

part in the implementation of activities for the development of gas field

in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from

Senoro to Kintom;

As a relevant and accountable data and information source and as a

facility of self-defense in environmental cases which are potential to

incur.

* For the Government: To be used as information source and guidelines in

implementing its obligations as a development advisor and supervisor so that




gas field development in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission

pipeline from Senoro to Kintom will always refer to the principles of

sustainable development;

* For the People:

As an information source on the implementation of gas field

development in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission

pipeline from Senoro to Kintom, which will be environmentally friendly;

As an information source and guidelines in undertaking public

supervision.




2. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Environmental monitoring plan to be implemented by JOB Pertamina – Medco is

formulated based on activity components / parameters estimated to be the sources

of significant impacts and environmental components estimates to be imposed by

significant impacts due to the activities of gas field development in Senoro and gas

transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom. This is in

compliance with the result of ANDAL study, whereas monitoring will focus on

significant impacts, not only negative, but also positive ones, and have gone through

management as detailed in RKL document.

For easy attainment of environmental monitoring objectives of various significant

objectives, this environmental monitoring plan analysis will consist of: (1) impact

source; (2) significant impact to be monitored; (3) impact standard; (4) environmental

monitoring objective/s; (5) environmental monitoring method; (6) environmental

monitoring location; and (7) environmental monitoring period.





2.1.1 Monitoring of Impact from Land Acquisition to Land Possession /

Ownership


Significant impact estimated to happen is the incurrence of

dissociation between land owners and the project implementer.

b. Impact Source

The acquisition of around 220 Ha of land for gas field

development, construction of supporting facilities, condensate

laydown facilities and jetty, and for pipeline installation.

c. Parameter Monitored

Social process, particularly dissociation, during and after land


d. Environmental Monitoring Objective

To identify efforts undertaken by JOB Pertamina – Medco in

avoiding the incurrence of dissociation during and after land


e. Environmental Monitoring Method

Monitoring method is through interviewing land owners imposed

by land acquisition, community / customary leaders, village




officials, members of communication forum, or public complain

center.

f. Environmental Monitoring Locations

Monitoring is done in all villages where land acquisition takes

place, namely Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan Village)

Villages in Toili Sub-district; Sinorang, Bone Balantak, Masing,

Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang, Lamo, Honbola, and Uso

Villages in Batui Sub-district; and Kalolos, Tangkiang, and

Padang Villages in Kintom Sub-district.

g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period

Monitoring is done one time after land acquisition process has

completed.

h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions:



Agency of Banggai Regency, National

Agency for Land Affairs of Banggai

Regency.



Regency, and Environmental Impact





Sulawesi Province.


2.2.1 Monitoring of Impact of Soil Erosion


In the construction phase, Senoro gas field development and

Senoro – Kintom gas pipeline activities in Banggai Regency,

Central Sulawesi, by JOB Pertamina – Medco E&P Tomori

Sulawesi will create significant impact of soil erosion (please

refer to ANDAL document).

b. Impact Source

Almost all activities during the construction phase Senoro gas

field development and Senoro – Kintom gas pipeline activities in

Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi, by JOB Pertamina –

Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi are the sources of fundamental

changes to environmental components imposed by significant

impacts. Activities which are most potential to create significant

negative impacts to the environmental component of soil erosion

are land clearing / preparation and pipeline installation.




c. Parameters Monitored

Soil erosion parameters for environmental monitoring are level

of cover crop or other types of cover vegetation, and level of

sediment at basin or valley or control basin / box.

Standards that can be used for environmental monitoring plan

are:

* Percentage of coverage by crop cover along the ROW;

* Quantity and dispersion of soil sediment as a result of

erosion around the ROW at basin or valley, particularly in

sloping area during pipe installation;

* Quantity of soil sediment in control basin / box along

water channels in ROW.

d. Environmental Monitoring Plan Objective

To identify the development of sediment produced by soil

erosion as a progress of environmental management effort that

has been implemented.


Standard of coverage percentage by crop cover is mapped at

certain total area unit, such as 1 m2. As time goes by, coverage

percentage must increase so that it will reach more than 75% at

the end of the construction phase. Total amount of sediment is




measured by calculating the volume of observed sediment,

namely the result of multiplication of sediment total area and its

average height; sediment distribution is mapped afterwards. As

time goes by, total sediment must decrease / become lower until

the end of construction phase.

f. Environmental Monitoring Location

Land rehabilitation activity is done along gas pipeline or ROW,

particularly at basin or valley and ditch / trench control basin

along the ROW.


Environmental monitoring time for coverage percentage by crop

cover along pipeline ROW and level of sedimentation is one

year after the revegetation starts.






of Banggai Regency.








Regency.

2.2.2 Monitoring of Impact to Drainage and Irrigation Systems


In the construction phase, gas field development activity will

create significant impact to drainage and irrigation systems

(please refer to ANDAL document).

b. Impact Source

Activities that create significant negative impacts to

environmental components of drainage and irrigation systems

are land clearing / preparation and pipeline installation.


Parameters that can be used for environmental monitoring plan

are whether or not irrigation function is disturbed and or whether

or not flowing smoothness of irrigation channels intersected by

pipeline in rice fields during pipe installation by collecting data

on whether or not irrigation will be diverted during the

construction phase in certain locations.




d. Environmental Monitoring Objectives

To ensure that water supply for irrigation or irrigation channels to

rice fields will not be disturbed.


Monitoring is done through field observation method to

construction implementation.


Environmental monitoring is done along irrigation channels

intersected by gas pipeline and ROW in rice field area.


Monitoring time is at the end of construction phase of pipe

installation intersecting irrigation channels.






of Banggai Regency.








Regency.



Pipe installation activity through rivers will create significant

impact to river water quality.

b. Impact Source

Source of impact that can impose impacts to the environment is

the secondary impact of pipe installation passing the rivers,

through stripping of river bank, which will create erosion that

may enter the river and create turbidity.


Environmental parameters monitored are turbidity and total

suspended solids (TSS) (Government Regulation No. 32 / 2001).


To determine level of turbidity and total suspended solids in

water areas within the limit specified by the prevailing

regulations.





Monitoring is done through river water sampling for as much as

1 (one) liter which is further analyzed at the laboratory.

No. Parameter Unit Method Tool

1. Turbidity NTU Nephelometric Spectrometer

2. Suspended Solids mg / l Gravimetric Analytical Balance


Pipeline on Kayowa, Bakung, Sinorang, and Batui Rivers.


Monitoring is done along the pipeline after management is done.


















2.2.4 Monitoring of Impacts from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land


to Job Opportunity and Public Income


Significant impact estimated to incur is increase in job

opportunity, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in

public income.

b. Impact Source


preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and

development well drilling activities will create job opportunity for

the local people.


Parameters that can be used during the construction phase of

pipe installation are:

• Total number of workers that can be absorbed;




• Composition of local workers that can be absorbed;

• Workers’ income compared to applicable Regency Minimum

Wage.


To identify efforts taken by JOB Pertamina – Medco in the

optimization of local workers’ absorption and the successful

implementation of impact management for job opportunity

parameter.


Monitoring method will be through observation of secondary

data and direct interview with local people working in the

construction activities. Interview is also done with personnel

department of JOB Pertamina – Medco or the contractor or

Office of Manpower and Transmigration of Banggai Regency.


Monitoring is done at the contractor’s personnel department

(workers’ camp) and in Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan

Village) Villages in Toili Sub-district; Sinorang, Bone Balantak,



and Padang Villages in Kintom Sub-district.





Monitoring is done within the following time and period:

* Monitoring of total number of local workers absorbed is

done at the end of the construction phase;

* Monitoring of Regency Minimum Wage is done while the

construction phase is ongoing and every one year.





Regency, and Office of Manpower of

Banggai Regency.






Sulawesi Province.




2.2.5 Monitoring of Impacts from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land


to Business Opportunity


Significant impact estimated to incur is the creation of business

opportunity for local people, which will have a secondary impact,

i.e. increase in public income.

b. Impact Source


preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and

development well drilling activities will create business

opportunity for the local people.


Parameters to be used are:

• Total number and type of available business opportunities to

be performed by the local people;

• Total number of local workers that can be absorbed by

available business sectors / opportunities.


To identify total number and type of business opportunities to be

performed by the local people and the total number of local RPL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 24



workers that can be absorbed by available business sectors /

opportunities.


Monitoring is done through observation of secondary data and

interview with local people performing available business

opportunities.


Monitoring is done at the contractor’s personnel department

(workers’ camp) and in Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan

Village) Villages in Toili Sub-district; Sinorang, Bone Balantak,



and Padang Villages in Kintom Sub-district.


Monitoring is done one time, namely at the end of the

construction phase.








Regency, and Office of Manpower of

Banggai Regency.




Regency, and Environmental Impact


Sulawesi Province.

2.2.6 Monitoring of Impacts from Equipment / Material Mobilization and


Dissociation



dissociation between the villagers with project executor due to

decrease in air quality which disturbs public convenience.

b. Impact Source

Impact sources are equipment / material mobilization and

demobilization activities which will pass by the village roads.

Facility construction activity is also estimated to cause

dissociation if it creates noise and decrease in air quality which

will disturb public convenience




c. Parameters monitored

Parameters used are total number and type of public claims

received on the disturbance to public convenience (road

damage and road dust) and efforts taken by the initiator in

following up those claims.


To identify efforts taken by the initiator in minimizing the

incurrence of dissociation due to equipment / material

mobilization and demobilization activities, which will pass by the

village roads, and the level of successful implementation of

impact management.


Data collection is done through direct interview with road users,

village officials and community leaders, especially those who

live on the sides of the village roads.


Monitoring location is along the village roads passed by vehicles

transporting equipment and materials, namely roads in

Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan Village), and Sinorang

(Central Sinorang, Gori-gori and Pousubuloli Quarters) Villages.





Monitoring is done one time while heavy equipment / material

mobilization activity takes place.





Transportation.





Sulawesi.

2.2.7 Monitoring of Impacts from Pipe Installation Activity to the




dissociation due to water turbidity in the rivers, disturbance to

convenience of village road users, and disturbance to irrigation

system.




b. Impact Source

* Pipe installation activity which intersects rivers. Pipe

installation will pass by Sinorang, Kayowa, Bakung, Batui,

Omolu, Tangkiang, and Kintom Rivers.

* Pipe installation which intersects village roads which

leads to disturbance to village road users’ convenience.

* Pipe installation intersecting irrigation channels is also

estimated to create dissociation if any disturbances take

place on the water channels.


Total number and type of public claims received on the

disturbance to river water and drainage system, and efforts

taken by the initiator in following up those claims.


To identify efforts taken by the initiator in minimizing the

incurrence of dissociation due to pipe installation activity, which

intersects rivers, village roads, and drainage system, and the

level of successful implementation of impact management.


Data collection is done through interview with:




• Road users, especially those live on the sides of village

roads;

• River water users;

• Owners of rice fields passed by the pipeline;

• Village officials, customary institutions, or community leaders.


Monitoring location is along the pipeline, namely roads in

Slametharjo, Toili, Moilong (Saluan Village), Sinorang (Central

Sinorang, Gori-gori, and Pousubuloli Quarters), Bone Balantak,

Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, and Balantang Villages.


Monitoring is done one time, namely during the construction

phase.














Sulawesi.


2.3.1 Monitoring of Noise Impact


Environmental aspect to be monitored is noise level at CPF and

in the settlement area near CPF.

b. Impact Source

Impact source is the noise comes from the sound of gas

compressors at CPF.


Noise level in the settlement and residential areas.


To identify whether or not noise level in the settlement area

around CPF has met noise level quality standard for settlement

and residential areas.





Environmental monitoring is done through direct measuring of

noise level at CPF and in settlement area around CPF using

Sound Level Meter.


Monitoring of noise is done at CPF and in settlement area

around CPF, namely Sinorang Village.


Monitoring is done twice a year, namely during the wet and dry

seasons.






Ministry.




Ministry.




2.3.2 Monitoring of Impact to Air Quality


In gas production operational phase, there is no environmental

management activity to air quality. In the operational activities,

H2S concentration in gas after the treatment is only 4 ppmv,

whereas H2S concentration in gas prior to treatment is 600

ppmv. However, precaution still needs to be taken for any

failure in H2S treatment process to become solid sulfur at CPF

which may cause H2S gas pollution from the CPF to the

surrounding area. Hence, monitoring of H2S and hydrocarbon

around the CPF needs to be carried out.

b. Impact Source

Impact source is gas treatment process at CPF, namely in case

of any failure in H2S treatment process to become solid sulfur or

in case of any gas leakage.


Air quality parameter to be monitored is H2S.


The identify whether or not there is any H2S pollution around the

CPF, particularly in the public settlement area. Pollution

happens if the parameter exceeds the quality standard for odor




level (H2S) as specified by the Decree of Environment Minister

No. KEP-50/MENLH/II/1996 for H2S.


Monitoring is done through on-site direct sampling and

laboratory analysis afterwards. Analysis method used is

Mercurythiocyanate method.


Monitoring is done at CPF and settlement area around CPF,

namely Sinorang Village.


Twice a year, namely during wet and dry seasons.





General of Oil and Gas, and

Environment Ministry.



General of Oil and Gas, and

Environment Ministry. RPL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 34





Disposal of waste water which can create significant impact to

sea water quality.

b. Impact Source

Source of impact is the disposal of water waste produced during

the operational phase, where the chemical compound

concentration can disturb life of marine organisms.


Environmental parameters to be monitored are H2S, oil and fat,

and pH (Government Regulation No. 32/2001 and Decree of

Environment Minister No. 51/2004).


The objective of environmental monitoring is to determine that

the concentration of chemical compounds of H2S, oil and fat,

and pH in the water area is within the limit specified under the

prevailing regulations.





Monitoring is done through sea water sampling for as much as 1

liter for further analysis at the laboratory.

No. Parameter Unit Method Tool

1. Sulfide mg / l Complex Spectrophotometer

2. Oil and Fat mg / l Gravimetric partition and infrared

Analytical balance & spectrophotometer

3. pH Potentiometric pH meter


There are 3 monitoring location points, namely at disposal pipe

location in the sea.


Twice a year by considering the representation of wet and dry

seasons while operational phase takes place.








General of Oil and Gas. RPL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, 36









2.3.4 Monitoring of Impact from Operational Phase Activities on the

Increase in Regional Income


Significant impact estimated to incur is increase in regional

revenue from various company obligations which will increase

the share of regional income as oil and gas producer. Besides

that, the emerging of various companies which utilize gas, such

as LNG and methanol mini plants, etc., will also improve local

economic activities.

b. Impact Source

Production process activities which will produce gas whose

sales result will be allocated to the region as royalty and

retribution based on the applicable regulations.





Gross Regional Domestic Product from Mining and or Oil and

Gas sectors in Banggai Regency.


To see improvement in regional economy / income because of

the influence of oil and gas industries during the operation of



Gross Regional Domestic Product statistical data analysis in

Banggai Regency.


Monitoring location will be at the Central Agency for Statistics in

Banggai Regency.


Monitoring is done once a year during the operational phase.














Sulawesi Province.

2.3.5 Monitoring of Impact from the Production Process Activities to

the Creation of Dissociation


Significant impact estimated to incur is disturbance to public

health due to decrease in air quality.

b. Impact Source

Production process activities creating noise and gas smell (H2S)

and condensate are estimated to create dissociation between

the community and the company. Dissociative process can also

incur if the production process activities do not involve local

people as workers.



Total number and type of public claims on disturbance to air

quality (odor and noise) and efforts taken by the initiator to

follow up those claims.




To identify efforts taken by the initiator to minimize dissociation

due to disturbance to air quality (odor and noise) produced by

the operational process and condensate transmission activities.


Data collection is done through interview with the villagers,

village officials, and customary institutions in the villages of

operational process and condensate laydown locations.


Monitoring location is in Central Sinorang Quarter (operational

process site).


Monitoring is done once every six months during the operational

phase.





General of Oil and Gas, Office of Health

of Banggai Regency.









Sulawesi Province.

2.3.6 Monitoring of Public Health Disturbance


Significant impact estimated to incur is public health disturbance

due to decrease in air quality.

b. Impact Source

Production process activities which create gas (H2S) and noise.


Public health condition and public claims on health disturbance

caused by odor and noise.


To identify efforts taken in managing impact of disturbance to

public health.





Data collection is done through interview with the villagers,

medical personnel at Sinorang Public Health Center

(Puskesmas) and Community Development Department of JOB



Monitoring location is Central Sinorang Quarter.


Monitoring is done once every year during the operational phase.





of Oil and Gas, Office of Health of

Banggai Regency.

* Reporting : Environment Ministry, Directorate of Oil

and Gas, Environmental Impact

Management Agency of Banggai



Sulawesi Province.





2.4.1 Monitoring of Impact from Labor Layoff to the Creation of

Dissociation


Significant impact estimated to incur is the incurrence of

dissociation.

b. Impact Source

Impact source is labor layoff during post operational phase.


Parameter to be monitored is the incurrence of dissociation due

to the end of JOB Pertamina – Medco Tomori Sulawesi.


The purpose of environmental monitoring plan is to measure the

successful implementation of impact management to the

component of social process (dissociation) during the post

operational phase.


Data collection is done through direct interview with ex workers

using questionnaire and from report data by JOB Pertamina –




Medco Tomori Sulawesi for further analysis using tabulation

method.


Monitoring is done at the company and contractor’s offices.


Monitoring is done during the post operational phase with a

period of one month after the layoff takes place.



* Supervising : Central Sulawesi Governor c.q.






and Gas.

* Reporting : Central Sulawesi Governor c.q.








RPL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina – Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi

45


and Gas.


Table 2.1 Matrix of Environmental Monitoring Plan for the Development of Senoro Gas Field ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING INSTITUTIONS NO.

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT

SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOURCE

SIGNIFICANT IMPACT

PARAMETERS MONITORED

MONITORING OBJECTIVE MONITORING LOCATION MONITORING METHOD MONITORING TIME AND PERIOD IMPLEMENTING SUPERVISING REPORTING

A PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Public Attitude and

Perception The acquisition of around 220 Ha of land for gas field development, construction of supporting facilities, condensate laydown facilities and jetty, and for pipeline installation.

Incurrence of dissociation between land owners and the project implementer.

Social process, especially dissociation, during and after land acquisition process.

To identify efforts undertaken by JOB Pertamina – Medco in avoiding the incurrence of dissociation during and after land acquisition process.

In all villages where land acquisition takes place.

Through interview. One time after land acquisition activity ends.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, National Agency for Land Affairs of Banggai Regency.

Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province.

B. CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Soil Erosion Land clearing /

preparation and pipeline installation activities.

The incurrence of soil erosion.

Level of cover crop or other types of cover vegetation, and level of sediment at basin or valley or control basin / box.

To identify the development of sediment produced by soil erosion as a progress of environmental management effort that has been implemented.

Done along gas pipeline or ROW, particularly at basin or valley and ditch / trench control basin along the ROW.

Standard of coverage percentage by crop cover is mapped at certain total area unit, such as 1 m2. As time goes by, coverage percentage must increase so that it will reach more than 75% at the end of the construction phase. Total amount of sediment is measured by calculating the volume of observed sediment, namely the result of multiplication of sediment total area and its average height; sediment distribution is mapped afterwards. As time goes by, total sediment must decrease / become lower until the end of construction phase.

Environmental monitoring time for coverage percentage by crop cover along pipeline ROW and level of sedimentation is one year after the revegetation starts.





0


2. Drainage and Irrigation Systems


Disturbed drainage and irrigation systems.

Whether or not flowing smoothness of irrigation channels intersected by pipeline in rice fields.

To ensure that water supply for irrigation or irrigation channels to rice fields will not be disturbed.

Along irrigation channels intersected by gas pipeline and ROW in rice field area.

Monitoring is done through field observation method to construction implementation.

Monitoring time is at the end of construction phase of pipe installation intersecting irrigation channels.




3. Water Quality Disturbed river water quality.

Pipe installation passing the rivers, through stripping of river bank, which will create erosion that may enter the river and create turbidity.

Turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) (Gov’t Regulation No. 32 / 2001).

To determine level of turbidity and total suspended solids in water areas within the limit specified by the prevailing regulations.

Pipeline on Kayowa, Bakung, Sinorang, and Batui Rivers.

Monitoring is done through river water sampling for as much as 1 (one) liter which is further analyzed at the laboratory.

Monitoring is done along the pipeline after management is done.




4. Job Opportunity Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing/ preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and development well drilling activities.

Increase in job opportunity, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in public income.

• Total number of workers absorbed;

• Composition of local workers that can be absorbed;

• Workers’ income compared to applicable Regency Minimum Wage.

To identify efforts taken by JOB Pertamina – Medco in the optimization of local workers’ absorption and the successful implementation of impact management for job opportunity parameter.

All villages where land acquisition takes place and to the entire population of Banggai Regency.

Through observation of secondary data and direct interview with local people working in the construction activities. Interview is also done with personnel department of JOB Pertamina – Medco or the contractor or Office of Manpower and Transmigration of Banggai Regency.

* Monitoring of total number of local workers absorbed is done at the end of the construction phase;

* Monitoring of Regency Minimum Wage is done while the construction phase is ongoing and every one year.


Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency.

Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province.


1


5. Business Opportunity Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing / preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and well drilling activities will create business opportunity for the local people.

Business opportunity for local people, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in public income.

• Total number and type of business opportunities to be performed by the local people.

• Total number of local workers that can be absorbed in the available business sectors / opportunities.

To identify total number and type of business opportunities to be performed by the local people and the total number of local workers that can be absorbed by available business sectors / opportunities.

Representative office of JOB Pertamina – Medco.

Monitoring is done through observation of secondary data and interview with local people performing available business opportunities.

Monitoring is done one time, namely at the end of the construction phase.


Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency.

Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province.


Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities which pass by the village roads. Facility construction activity is also estimated to cause dissociation if it creates noise and decrease in air quality which will disturb public convenience.

The incurrence of dissociation between the villagers with project executor due to decrease in air quality which disturbs public convenience.

Total number and type of public claims received on the disturbance to public convenience (road damage and road dust) and efforts taken by the initiator in following up those claims.

To identify efforts taken by the initiator in minimizing the incurrence of dissociation due to equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities, which will pass by the village roads, and the level of successful implementation of impact management.

Along the village roads passed by vehicles transporting equipment and materials.

Direct interview with road users, village officials and community leaders, especially those who live on the sides of the village roads.

One time while heavy equipment / material mobilization activity takes place.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Transportation.



Pipe installation activities trespassing rivers, roads, and irrigation channels.

The incurrence of dissociation due to water turbidity in the rivers used for bathing, washing, toileting; disturbance to convenience of village road users; and disturbance to irrigation system.

Total number and type of public claims received on the disturbance to river water and drainage system, and efforts taken by the initiator in following up those claims.

To identify efforts taken by the initiator in minimizing the incurrence of dissociation due to pipe installation activity, which intersects rivers, village roads, and drainage system, and the level of successful implementation of impact management.

Rivers and roads passed by. Direct interview. One time, namely during the construction phase.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas.

Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi.


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C. OPERATIONAL PHASE 1. Noise Noise / sound of gas

compressors at CPF Senoro.

Noise from the sound of gas compressors at CPF.

Noise quality standard according to the Decree of Environment Minister No. KEP-48/MENLH/11/ 1996 for settlement and residential areas, i.e. 55 dBA.

To identify whether or not noise level in the settlement area around CPF has met noise level quality standard for settlement and residential areas.

Monitoring of noise is done at CPF and in settlement area around CPF, namely Sinorang Village..

Through direct measuring of noise level at CPF and in settlement area around CPF using Sound Level Meter.

Monitoring is done twice a year, namely during the wet and dry seasons.




2. Air Quality H2S gas processing activity at CPF.

Failure in H2S treatment processing to become solid sulfur at CPF which will cause H2S pollution.

H2S The identify whether or not there is any H2S pollution around the CPF.

At CPF and settlement area around CPF.

On-site direct sampling and laboratory analysis afterwards.

Twice a year. JOB Pertamina – Medco.

Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, and Environment Ministry.

Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, and Environment Ministry.

3. Water Quality Disposal of produced water which contains several chemical compounds, such as oil and H2S. Chemical compound of produced water entering the water area will create decrease in water quality & affect the life of marine organisms.

Disposal of waste water which can create significant impact to sea water quality.

H2S, oil and fat, and pH (Government Regulation No. 32/2001 and Decree of Environment Minister No. 51/2004).

To determine that the concentration of chemical compounds of H2S, oil and fat, and pH in the water area is within the limit specified under the prevailing regulations.

At disposal pipe location. Monitoring is done through sea water sampling for as much as 1 liter for further analysis at the laboratory.

Twice a year by considering the representation of wet and dry seasons while operational phase takes place.





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4. Increase in Regional Income

Production process activities.

Increase in regional revenue from various company obligations which will increase the share of regional income as oil and gas producer. Besides that, the emerging of various companies which utilize gas, such as LNG and methanol mini plants, etc., will also improve local economic activities.

Gross Regional Domestic Product from Mining and or Oil and Gas sectors in Banggai Regency.

To see improvement in regional economy / income because of the influence of oil and gas industries during the operation of JOB Pertamina – Medco.

Central Agency for Statistics in Banggai Regency.

Statistical data analysis in Banggai Regency.

Once a year. JOB Pertamina – Medco.

Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas.



Production process activities.

Disturbance to public health due to decrease in air quality.

Total number and type of public claims on disturbance to air quality (odor and noise) and efforts taken by the initiator to follow up those claims.

To identify efforts taken by the initiator to minimize dissociation due to disturbance to air quality (odor and noise) produced by the operational process and condensate transmission activities.

Operational process sites. Interview with the villagers, village officials, and customary institutions in the villages of operational process and condensate laydown locations.

Once every six months during the operational phase.


Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Office of Health of Banggai Regency.


6. Public Health Production process activities which create gas (H2S) and noise.

Disturbance to public health due to decrease in air quality.

Public health condition and public claims on health disturbance caused by odor and noise.

To identify efforts taken in managing impact of disturbance to public health.

Central Sinorang Quarter. Interview. Once a year. JOB Pertamina – Medco.

Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate of Oil and Gas, Office of Health of Banggai Regency.

Environment Ministry, Directorate of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Mgt Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Mgt Agency of Central Sulawesi Province.


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D. POST OPERATIONAL PHASE

1. Labor Layoff Labor layoff activity. The incurrence of dissociation.

The incurrence of dissociation due to the end of JOB Pertamina – Medco Tomori Sulawesi.

To measure the successful implementation of impact management to the component of social process.

At the company and contractor’s offices.

Direct interview with ex workers using questionnaire

One month after the layoff takes place.


Central Sulawesi Governor c.q. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas.

Central Sulawesi Governor c.q. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas.