Lecture 3THE UNITED KINGDOM

Geography, history, culture & heritage

TIMELINE

http://www.enjoyengland.com/Things-to-do/Historic-England/

http://www.visitbritain.com/fr/FR/

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Prehistoric Britain THE NEOLITHIC ERA (4000 - 2000 B.C.) + BRONZE AGE BRITAIN (2500 - 600 B.C.)

Silbury Hill Earth Mound 4600 BC (Wiltshire) The largest man-made prehistoric mound in Europe 40 m. high x 167 m. diameter

barrows / barrow mounds (tumuli tombs)stone circles (3300 BC, 900)henges

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The Neolithic & Bronze Age heritage

Stonehenge, England

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The Standing Stones of Callanish (Isle of Lewis, Scotland) 2900-2600 B.C.

http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/online_tours/britain/our_top_ten_british_treasures/our_top_ten_british_treasures.aspx

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n°1: Rillaton Gold Cup, Bronze Age8,5 cm (¼ existing)

N° 2 The Mold gold cape (preh.)

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IRON AGE (700 B.C. TO 50 A.D.)

Hill Forts

AD commonly refers to Anno Domini, Latin for "In the Year of (Our) Lord", applied to years following 1 BC in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.

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n°3 British Treasure at the British museum:the snetthisham hoard (Norfolk)

Gold Torc, 1kg (Hoard L)

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Iron Age Europe

Roman England (43-410 AD) (end 476 in Europe)

The Roman Baths (Bath, England)

http://www.romanbaths.co.uk/http://www.thermaebathspa.com/

122 – 410 AD Hadrian’s wall 10/04/23 9

BC55-54

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AD43-51 : Caractacus

61 : Prasutagus-Boudicca

70-80s122-138 Hadrian160

n° 4 British Treasure at the BM: The Vindolanda tablets

a business letter from Octavius, an entrepreneur supplying goods on a considerable scale to the Roman army

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Anglo-Saxon & Viking Britain

The Anglo-Saxons (410-793)very little know

597664: Synod of Whitby

The Viking Age (793-1055)1042-1066: Edward the Confessor: last Anglo-saxon King1055: Westminster Abbey is completed

Heritagewattle and daub walls

Bradford Church, Wiltshire (about 705)

Westminster Abbey

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The Middle Ages: 1066-1485 1066 The Battle of Stamford Bridge1067 The Battle of Hastings

1070 Canterbury Cathedral1078 Tower of London1080 - 1100 monastery and cathedral1086 The Domesday Book

1154 York Minster (cathedral)1167 Oxford University1170 Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas a Becket1171 London

Bayeux tapestry (70 m. long)

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1215 Civil War - Magna Carta Salisbury Cathedral

1282 - 1283 King Edward conquers Wales. Llewellyn ab Gruffydd, 1298 The Battle of Falkirk. King Edward defeats Wallace.

1306 Robert Bruce1337 - 1453 Hundred Years' War with France1348 - 49 The Black Death

1415 Azincourt1453The Hundred Years War ends

1455 Dynastic Civil War: The War of the Roses starts (rival houses of Lancaster and York)

The Middle Ages: 1066-1485

http://www.warwick-castle.com/

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http://www.hrp.org.uk/10/04/23 19

Canterbury Cathedral (1070-)597 AD : St Augustine1170: Archbishop Thomas Becket

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Vocab

upland: plateaux, hauteurs, hautes terresmoor: lande / more, maure/amarrer, mouillercairn: manmade pile of stones, often in a conical form. They are usually found in uplands, on moorlands, on mountaintops or near waterways)/ terrier (= cairn / terrier)ingots : lingotstorcs : a rigid piece of personal adornment made from twisted metal. It can be worn as an arm ring or necklace that is open-ended at the front. Smaller torcs worn around the wrist are called bracelets instead. Torcs are a type of celtic jewellery, produced in the European Iron Age (8th century BC - 3rd century AD.), torque waterlogged: imprégné d’eau, imbibé, détrempé (sol)wafer: gaufrette, hostie, cachet (seal), silicon wafer: tranche de silicium;wafer-thin / wafery: fin comme du papier à cigarette/une pelure d’oignon

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