3gpp lte radio physical layer (india)-1.pdf
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LTE R iLTE R i
Physical LayerPhysical Layer
Tetsushi Abe NTT DOCOMO
Vice-Chairman 3GPP TSG RAN WG1
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Introduction
UplinkAspectsforLTERelease8
n ancements or vance e ease an beyond)
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Releasesof3GPPspecifications
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Release 99 W-CDMA
Release 4 1.28Mcps TDD
Release 6
,
HSUPA, MBMS, IMS+
Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, HOM etc.)
ITU-R M.1457Release 8 LTE, SAEIMT-2000 Recommendations
Release 9Small LTE/SAEenhancements
Unser process
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TS36.201EUTRAPhysicallayer:Generaldescription.TS36.211EUTRAPhysicalchannelsandmodulation.
TS36.212EUTRAMultiplexingandchannelcoding.
TS36.213EUTRAPhysicallayerprocedures.TS36.214EUTRAPhysicallayer Measurements
Thelatestversionofthespecificationscanbedownloaded
from:
http: www.3gpp.org ftp Specs
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AccessScheme DL OFDMA
UL SCFDMA
Bandwidth 1.4,3,
5,
10,
15,
20
MHz
MinimumTTI 1ms
Cyclicprefixlength Short 4.7s.
Modulation QPSK,16QAM,64QAM
Upto4layersforDLperUE
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suppor e or an
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One downlink slot, Tslot
Basicunitofresourceisthe
Physical
Resource
Block
12subcarriersx0.5msiersiers
domain)
rriers
rriers
Resource element
N
BW
subc
ar
RB
N
BW
subc
ar
RB
resourceelement(RE)
S atial domain measured
subc
N
BW
DL
subc
N
BW
DL
N
BW
DL
sourceblock,
sourceblock,
inlayers Oner
Oner
3GPP Workshop 2 June, 2010, Chennai 6OFDM symbolsDLsymbN OFDM symbolsDLsymbN
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,
SupportsbothFDDandTDD(twoRITswithinoneSRIT)
FDD
TDD
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Introduction
UplinkAspectsforLTERelease8
En ancements orLTEA vance Re ease10an beyond)
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Cellac uisitionsi nallin
Synchronisationsignalsinsubframes0and5ofeach10msradioframe
UsedininitialcellsearchP ysica roa castc anne PBCH insu rame0o eac ra io rame
CarriestheMasterInformationBlock(MIB)
Includesindicationofsystembandwidth o us es gn orce w ecoverage:
Lowrate,QPSK,robustchannelcoding(1/3ratetailbitingconvolutionalcodewithrepetition),40msTTI
40ms TTI of BCH
1 coded MIB
sd
6RB
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InRel8,cellspecificRSareprovidedfor1,2or4antenna
Patterndesignedforeffectivechannelestimation
S arsediamond atternsu ortsfre uenc selectivechannelsandhi hmobilitywithlowoverhead
Upto6cellspecificfrequencyshiftsareconfigurable
ower oos ngmay eapp e on e suse or
QPSKsequencewithlowPAPR
Antenna ort 0 Antenna ort 2Antenna ort 1 Antenna ort 3
R3
RR
R0
R
R0 R1
R
R1
R R
R2
requency
R3
R3R0
0
R0
R0
0
R0 R1
R1
1
R1
R1
1
R2
R2
f
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time
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5R 5R
InRel8:
UE
specific
(precoded)
RS
may
be
provided
in
5R
5R
5R
5R
5R
5R
5R
5R
5R
5R
UEspecificRSextendedtoduallayertransmission
CDMbetweenRS
0=l 0=l 6=l6=l
7R7R7R7R 8R 8R8R 8R
ofthetwolayers
7R7R7R7R 8R 8R8R 8R
7R
7R
7R
7R
8R
8R
8R
8R
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Flexiblecontroldesigntoavoidunnecessaryoverhead
narrowbandwidths)
Control
region
size
(CFI:
control
channel
format
indicator)
is
d namicall variable
Downlink control channel re ion
DatatransmissiononPhysicalDownlinkSharedChannel(PDSCH)
TimeCFI=1CFI=3 CFI=2
PDSCH PDSCH PDSCH
Frequency
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Subframe
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thecontrolregionsize(CFI)
LocatedinfirstOFDMsymbolofeachsubframe
PCFICHisdesignedtoberobust
16QPSKsymbolstransmittedwithfullfrequencydiversity
PhysicalDownlinkControlChannel(PDCCH)carriesDownlinkControlInformation(DCI)messages:
own in resourceassignments
uplinkresourcegrants
PhysicalHybridARQIndicatorChannel(PHICH)carries
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,
broadcastsysteminformation,
pagingmessages
One subframe = 1 ms
12 subcarriers
Transmissionresourcesare
assigneddynamicallybyPDCCH
Localised(suitableforfrequencydomainscheduling)
(localised)
or
distributed(suitableforData for UE2:
(distributed)
diversity)Data for UE3:
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,
modesforPDSCHreception:
Mode 1: Sin le antenna ort ort 0
Mode2:Transmitdiversity
Mode3:LargedelayCDD
Mode4:
Closed
loop
spatial
multiplexing
Mode5:MUMIMO
o e : ose oopspa a mu p ex ng,s ng e ayer
Mode7:Singleantennaport,UEspecificRS(port5)
Mode8 newinRel9 :Sin leordualla ertransmissionwithUEspecificRS(ports7and/or8)
(ineachcase,transmitdiversityisalsoavailableasafallback)
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Introduction
DownlinkAspectsforLTERelease8
UplinkAspectsforLTERelease8
En ancements
or
LTE
A vance
Re ease
10
an
beyond)
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Sameparameterisationasdownlink
DFTprecodingtoensurelowPAPR/cubicmetric
equalisationateNodeB
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One subframe = 1 ms
SamestructureofPRBsinfrequency
domainasdownlink
on guous a oca on o eep
singlecarrierproperty
12 sub-carriers
hoppingtoincreasefrequency
diversit
NumberofallocatedPRBsfora
givenuserinagivensubframeisinmultiplesof2,3and5forlow
complexityDFTimplementation
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DemodulationRS(DMRS)
SoundingRS(SRS)
Su orts:
ULfrequencydomainscheduling Channelsoundingfordownlinktransmissions,especiallyforTDD
oca e n as sym o o asu rame
Canbeconfiguredbynetwork
provideadditionalsupportformultipleuserstransmittingSRSinthe
samebandwidth
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DatatransmissionsonPhysicalUplinkSharedChannel(PUSCH)
Minimisesoutofbandemissionsfromwidebandwidthdatatransmissions
1transportblockperTTI
0=m1=m1ULRBPRB = Nn
Samechannelcoding/ratematchingasPDSCH
ModulationQPSK,16QAM,64QAM
2=m3=m ,
controlsignallingismultiplexedwithdatatomaintainsinglecarrier
PUSCHWhennoPUSCH,controlsignalling
isonPhysicalUplinkControlChannel
PUCCH
0=m 1=m
2=m 3=m
0PRB =n
PUCCH
Usuallyatedgesofsystembandwidth
PUCCHho sfromonesideofthecarrierto
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theothertomaximisefrequencydiversity
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ACK/NACKforPDSCHtransmissions
SchedulingRequest(SR)ChannelQualityInformationfeedbackcanbe
eriodic on PUCCH or a eriodic on PUSCH
CQI indicatesanindexofaModulation/CodingScheme(MCS)thatcouldbereceivedonPDSCHwithBLER 0.1
PMI indicatespreferredprecodingmatrixforPDSCH
RI indicatesnumberofusefultransmissionla ersforPDSCH
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RACHprocedurebeginswithapreamble(PRACH)
PRACHresourcesassignedbyeNBwithinPUSCHregion
PRACHpreamblefitsinto6PRBs Sufficientfortimingestimation
Invariantwithbandwidthforlowcom lexit
PUSCH
ZadoffChusequence Excellentcorrelationproperties
PRACH
cyclicshifts
Flatfrequencyspectrum
differentcyclicshifts,thenbydifferentrootsequences
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Uplinktransmissionorthogonalitybetweenusersis
maintainedbytimingadvance
SetinitiallyduringRandomAccessProcedureUpdatedasnecessarysubsequently
Supportsatleast100kmcellrange
Greaterrangesareuptotheimplementation
Uplink radio frame #i
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NTATS time units
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ontro sup n powerspectra ens ty
Totaluplinktransmitpowerscaleslinearlywithtransmittedbandwidth
loss
Allowstradeoffbetweenintracellfairnessandintercellinterference
MCS
specific
offsets
may
be
appliedClosedlooppowercontrolcommandscanfinetunethepower
se ng
CarriedonPDCCH
IndividualcommandsinULresourcegrants GroupcommandsforgroupsofUEs
SeparatepowercontrolforPUCCHandPUSCH
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Rel8/9supports:
Switchedantennadiversity ClosedloopantennaswitchingsupportedbyCRCmaskingon
PBCH
DifferentcyclicshiftsofDMRScanbeallocatedtodifferentUEs
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Introduction
DownlinkAspectsforLTERelease8UplinkAspectsforLTERelease8
(Release10andbeyond)
Note that discussion on Rel-10 features described in the followin slides are still on oin at 3GPP
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SystemPerformanceRequirementsfor
LTEAdvanced
ea atarate
1Gbpsdataratewillbeachievedby4by4MIMOandtransmission
bandwidthwiderthanapproximately70MHz
Peakspectrumefficiency
DL:Rel.8LTEsatisfiesIMTAdvancedrequirement
UL:NeedtodoublefromRelease8tosatisfyIMTAdvanced
requirement
Rel. 8 LTE LTE-Advanced IMT-Advanced
Peak data rateDL 300 Mbps 1 Gbps
1 Gbps(*)UL 75 Mbps 500 Mbps
Peak spectrum efficiency DL 15 30 15ps/ z
UL 3.75 15 6.75
*100 Mbps for high mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility is one of the key features as written inCircular Letter (CL)
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SystemPerformanceRequirementsfor
LTEAdvanced(contd)
Capacityandcelledgeuserthroughput TargetforLTEAdvancedwassetconsideringgainof1.4to1.6fromRelease8LTE
performance
Ant. Config. Rel. 8 LTE*1 LTE-Advanced*2 IMT-Advanced*3
Capacity[bps/Hz/cell]
DL 2-by-2 1.69 2.4
- -
4-by-4 2.67 3.7 UL 1-by-2 0.74 1.2
- -
x1.4-1.6
Celledgeuser
throughput
[bps/Hz/cell/use
DL 2by2 0.05 0.07
4by2 0.06 0.09 0.06
. .
r] 4by4 0.08 0.12
UL 1by2 0.024 0.04
2by4 0.07 0.03
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*1 See TR25.912(Case 1 scenario) *2 See TR36.913(Case 1 scenario)*3 See ITU-R M.2135(Base Coverage Urban scenario)
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TargetdeploymentscenariosforLTEAdvancedcoverbothhomogeneous
andheterogeneousnetworks.
High-power node
Low-power node
Homogeneous network deployment Heterogeneous network network
Evaluationmodelsforeachdeploymentscenarioin3GPPisshownin
TR36.814ver.9.0.0(Annextherein)
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CarrieraggregationforLTE
Enhanced
multi
antenna
downlink
transmission
for
LTEUplinkmultipleantennatransmissionforLTE
RelaysforLTE
Enhanced
ICIC
for
non
CA
(carrier
aggregation)
based
deploymentofheterogeneousnetworks
NetworkpositioningsupportforLTE
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CarrierAggregation(CA)
WiderbandwidthtransmissionusingcarrieraggregationforbothDLandUL
Entires stembandwidthu to,e. .,100MHz,com risesmulti lebasicfre uenc blockscalledcomponentcarriers(CCs)
Satisfyrequirementsforpeakdatarate
EachCCcanbeconfi uredinabackwardcom atiblewa withRel8LTE
MaintainbackwardcompatibilitywithRel8LTE
Carrieraggregationsupportsbothcontiguousandnoncontiguousspectrum,andasymmetricbandwidthforFDD
Achieveflexiblespectrumusage
System bandwidth, CC, e.g., 20 MHz
Frequency
. .,
Examples of
UE ca abilities 100-MHz case
40-MHz case
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-(Rel. 8 LTE)
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DownlinkMultipleAccessScheme
Downlink: OFDMA with component carrier (CC) based structure
r or y g ven o reus ng e . spec ca on or ow-cos an as eve opmen
Transport Transport Transport Transportblock block block block
withinoneCC
Paralleltypetransmissionover
coding
HARQ
coding
HARQ
coding
HARQ
coding
HARQ
mu p e s
Mod. Mod. Mod. Mod.GoodaffinitytoRel.8LTE
specifications
app ng app ng app ng app ng
CC
PDCCHinoneCCcanschedulePDSCHinanotherCC
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Uplink: N-times DFT-Spread OFDM
-
Satisfy requirements for peak data rate while maintaining backward
compatibility- .
Will also support non-contiguous resource allocation
Enhanced flexibility and efficiency of resource allocation
Simultaneous PUCCH and PUSCH transmission will be supported.Independent power control will be provided per CC
- -
CC CCPUCCH region
Freq.Parallel Rel. 8 LTE
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EnhancedDownlinkMultiantenna
Extensionupto8layertransmission
Increasedfrom4la ersinRel8 9
Satisfytherequirementforpeakspectrumefficiency,
i.e.,30bps/Hz
Additionalreferencesi nals RS s ecified:
Max. 8 streams
ChannelstateinformationRS(CSIRS)
Fordownlinkchannelsounding
Sparse,lowoverhead(configurable)
Density:1resourceelement(RE)perantennaportperPRB
UEspecificdemodulationRS(DMRS)
,
precoding,
applied 18layer transmission, and enhanced
, DM RS pattern for higher numbers of layers is
extended from 2layer format for transmission
mode 8 in Rel9
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DMRS pattern
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EnhancedDownlinkMultiantenna
ransm ss on
on
n ance u user
CSIfeedback
Maximumspatial4layers
Maximum2layersperuserEnhancedMU-MIMO
CSIfeedbackenhancementusingtwomatrix(W1,W2)feedbackframeworkisnowbeingstudied
W1targetswideband/longtermchannelproperties
W2targetsfrequencyselective/shorttermtimechannelproperties
.
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EnhancedUplinkMultiantenna
Transmission-
Orthogonal resource transmit diversity is supported for PUCCH format 1 (Schedulingrequest) 1a/1b (HARQ-Ack) when UE has two Tx antennas
antenna ports, on two separate orthogonal resources.
- -
spectrum efficiency, i.e., 15 bps/Hz Closed-loop codebook based precoding supported
SU-MIMO up to 4 streams
Max. 4 streams
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RelayingforLTE
RelaydesigntargetforRel10iscoverageextension
Supportscelldeploymentsinareaswherewiredbackhaulisnotavailableorveryexpensive
Type1relay
Inbandrelaying:samecarrierfrequencyforbackhaulandaccesslinks
Relaynode(RN)createsaseparatecelldistinctfromthedonorcell
UEreceives/transmitscontrolsignalsforschedulingandHARQfrom/toRN
RNa earsasaRel8LTEeNBtoRel8LTEUEs
Type
1a
relay Outbandrelaying:differentcarrierfrequencyforbackhaulfromaccesslink
Relay node (RN)Macro (eNB)
UE
Backhaul link Access link
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LTEAdvancedisaveryflexibleandadvancedsystem
BuiltontheestablishedcapabilitiesoftheLTERel8andRel9physicallayer
Furtherenhancementstoexploitspectrumavailabilityan a vance mu t antennatec n ques
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CoMP reception scheme in uplink
ys ca up n s are c anne s rece ve a mu p e ce s Scheduling is coordinated among the cells
Improve especially cell-edge user throughput Note that CoMP reception in uplink is an implementation matter and
does not require any change to radio interface
Receiver signal processing atcentral eNB (e.g., MRC, MMSEC)
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LTERelease8UserEquipment
Categories
Category 1 2 3 4 5
Peakrate
Mbps
DL 10 50 100 150 300
UL 5 25 50 50 75
Capabilityforphysicalfunctionalities
RFbandwidth 20MHz
Modulation DL QPSK,16QAM,64QAM
UL QPSK,16QAM QPSK,
16QAM,
Multiantenna
2
Rx
diversity Assumed
in
performance
requirements.2x2MIMO Not
supported
Mandatory
4x4MIMO Notsu orted Mandator
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Mode2:
SFBCfor2antennaports
SFBC/FSTDfor4antennaports
LargedelayCDD increasesfrequencyselectivity
Allowsopenloopspatialmultiplexing
Uptorank2withoutclosedloopprecodingfeedbackfromUE
Mode4:
Preco ingusingspeci ie co e oo ort ere evantnum ero antennaports
Supports
up
to
4
layers Max2codewordstolimitsignallingoverhead
ClosedloopprecodingfeedbackfromUE
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DetailsofPDSCHtransmissionmodes(2)
Mode5:
BasedonsameprecodingcodebooksandfeedbackasMode4
PDCCHindicates
power
offset
for
PDSCH
Mode6:
Basedonmode4butforsinglelayeronly
o e :
UEspecificRS SuitableforUEspecificbeamforming,e.g.basedonangleofarrival
(noclosedloopprecodingfeedbackfromUE)
Mode8:
ua ayer spec c
Closedloopprecodingfeedbackmayormaynotbeused
SupportsduallayerSUMIMOandsinglelayerMUMIMO
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SupportsSingleFrequency
Networkoperationforhigh
R4
R4
4
R4
subframes
Ph sicalMulticastChannel PMCH R4
4
R4
R4
4
isusedinsteadofPDSCH
SpecialRSpatternwithhigherR4
R4
4
R4
supportslongerdelayspread
frommulticelltransmission R4
R4
R4
R4
4
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
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Introduction
DownlinkAspectsUplinkAspects
SpecificsupportforhalfduplexFDD
UEcategoriesinRel8
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opera on
Specialtimeslotfordownlinkuplinkswitching:
DL UL
DwPTS
subframe #0
SSS PSS
subframe #2
UpPTSRS/ControlData
TDD
operation
is
also
supported
by: AnincreasednumberofHARQprocesses
ACK/NACKbundling/multiplexingconfigurationstoenablecontrolsi nallin tobetransmitted
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Introduction
DownlinkAspectsUplinkAspects
SpecificsupportforhalfduplexFDD
UEcategoriesinRel8
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,
ForDLULswitchingtime,UEignoresendofDLsubframe
canbeappliedtotheULtransmissions
1 ms subframe
UL-to-DL switch time created
by timing advance
DL-to-UL switch time created by the UE
ignoring the last part of the DL subframe
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Downlink:OFDMA
Highspectralefficiency
Intersymbolinterferencecontainedwithincyclicprefix
Supportsflexiblebandwidthdeployment
Facilitatesfrequencydomainscheduling
WellsuitedtoadvancedMIMOtechniques
Uplink:SCFDMA
BasedonOFDMAwithDFTprecoding
ommons ruc ureo ransm ss onresourcescompare o own n
Cyclicprefixsupportsfrequencydomainequalization
Low Cubic Metric for efficient transmitter desi n
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Synchronisationsignalsandbroadcastchannel:
Fixed
bandwidth Centrallylocated
Allowsstraightforwardbandwidthagnosticcellsearch
Synchronisation signalsand physical broadcastchannel
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requency
PDSCH physical layer processing
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PDSCHphysicallayerprocessing
Each TTI,1or2transportblocksare110 ,...,, Aaaa
Channelcodingisbasedon1/3rateturbo
codewithtrellisterminationtoa roach
110 ,...,, Bbbb
Shannoncapacity
Circularbufferratematching( )110 ,...,, rKrrr ccc
ModulationQPSK,16QAM,64QAM
Layermappingandprecodingforsupportof( ))(
1
)(1
)(0 ,...,,
i
Dr
i
r
i
rr
ddd
( )110 ,...,, rErrr eee
110 ,...,, Gfff
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Carrierindicatorfield(CIF)canbesemistaticallyconfiguredtoenable
crosscarrierULandDLassignments
DL/UL Data
freq.CC2CC1
Use PDCCH in CC1 toschedule PDSCH in CC2
Possibleapplication iscontrolchannelintercellinterferencecoordination
(ICIC)onheterogeneousnetworks
Macrocell
Pico/femto cell Macrolayer
Freq.
Pico/femtolayer
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CC1
Control channel design for relay
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Controlchanneldesignforrelay
RPDCCH isdesignedtodynamicallyorsemiersistentl assi nresourcesforthedownlinkbackhaul
data(correspondingtotheRPDSCHandRPUSCH
physical
channel).
DLgrantsarealwaystransmittedinthefirstslotofasubframe
IfaDLgrantistransmittedinthefirstPRBofagivenPRBpair,t enan grantmay etransm tte nt esecon o t e
PRBpair
pair
ULgrantsareonlytransmittedinthesecondslot Nodatatransmissioninthefirstslot
Ongoingdiscussionsoninterleaving.
3GPP Workshop 2 June, 2010, Chennai 53
OnlyRank1issupportedforRPDCCHforagivenRN