3gf report resource efficiency and growth
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3GF Report Resource Efficiency and GrowthTRANSCRIPT
ReportGlobal Green Growth Forum 8-9 October 2012, Copenhagen
Resource Efficiency and Growth
3GF Secretariat:E-mail: [email protected]: +45 33 92 00 00www.globalgreengrowthforum.com
Postal address:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of DenmarkAsiatisk Plads 2DK-1448 Copenhagen K
Publisher:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark
Design: Monokrom
3GF PartnersOfficial Corporate Partners Government Partners
Corporations Institutional
Media Partners 3GF Organisers
2
The Global Green Growth Forum 2012 confirmed its
strength as a forum for exchanging ideas and foster-
ing concrete cooperation on speeding up the transi-
tion to a green growth path. On October 8-9 2012,
250 leaders from around the world, representing
government, business, international organizations,
and civil society, came together to discuss how to ad-
vance this transition. Against the backdrop of the
global economic slowdown, focus was naturally on
new sources of growth and job creation and clearly
green growth offers such a potential while at the
same time reducing the negative impact on the envi-
ronment and resources. The Global Green Growth Fo-
rum in Copenhagen showed that there is a strong
commitment and leadership amongst some of the
world’s key public and private decision-makers on
driving the green transition forward.
In this report we have the pleasure of sharing with
you the highlights from the nearly 40 interactive
sessions that took place during the 2-day forum, all
focussing on how to achieve better resource effi-
ciency through public-private cooperation across
sectors and countries at the national and interna-
tional level. I would like to extend my sincere grati-
tude to the many people who came to Copenhagen
and contributed to bringing forward green growth
through concrete action. Together with our partner
countries the Republic of Korea, Mexico, China, Ken-
ya and Qatar, Denmark is committed to continue to
follow up on the many recommendations and actions
arising from the Forum including in relevant interna-
tional processes.
The Danish Government looks forward to working
with our many partners over the next 12 months and
to once again welcome green growth leaders in Co-
penhagen for 3GF 2013 that will take place 21-22
October 2013.
Preface
Villy SøvndalMinister for Foreign AffairsDenmark
3
Index 3 Preface
5 Programme 3GF2012
6 Summary of Proceedings
10 PPP Sessions
26 Plenary Sessions
34 In Conversation Plenaries with Green Growth Leaders
46 Country Sessions
54 Breakfast Sessions
62 Opening Statements
• Ms Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Prime Minister, Denmark
• Mr Hwang-sik Kim, Prime Minister, Republic of Korea
• Mr Juan Rafael Elvira Quesada, Minister for Environment and Natural
Resources, Mexico
• Mr Liu Qi, Vice Minister National Energy Administration, China
• H.E. Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah, Deputy Prime Minister, Chairman of
the Administrative Control and Transparency Authority, Qatar
• Hon. Prof. Peter Anyang’ Nyong’o, Minister of Public Health, Kenya
78 Official 3GF Dinner speech
• Mr Jeremy Oppenheim, Director, McKinsey& Company
86 List of participants
DAY
MONDAY8 October 2012
1
Opening session
Resource Efficiency and Growth : Plenary Hall
Break
Country sessions:
Morocco
China
Turkey
Indonesia
Germany
Brazil
Break
In Conversation Plenaries with Green Growth Leaders: Making Resource Efficient Growth Inclusive
Green Finance
Sustainable Cities
Innovative finance for energy efficiency in buildings
International Cooperation
Energy for All
Green Job Creation
Break
PPP Strategy Sessions
C40 Cities and Green Growth
Energy Efficiency Finance
Water - action in developing countries
Bio-based Growth
Natural Capital Accounting
Break
Technology and Green Growth: The quantum change
Programme
A
A
A
B
B
B
C
C
C
D
D
E
E
E
F
F
F
09:00-10:00
10:00-11:30
11:30-12:00
12:00-13:30(Lunch served in sessions)
13:30-13:45
13:45-14:45
14:45-15:15
15:15-17:00
17:00-17:45
17:45-18:45
Breakfast Sessions
Food Futures
Green Innovation Project
Biofuels for Aviation
Green Business Models
Green Growth Best Practices Initiative
Hydrogen for TransportOdd Fellow Palace (Across the road from Moltkes Palace)
Mega-Partnerships: Blending International and Local Collaboration for Scaled Impact
Break
PPP Strategy Sessions
Cities and Urban Water Leakage
Power System Transformation
Energy Efficiency Indicators (Motor Systems)
Trade to Scale up Renewable Energy
Financing Green Growth
Procurement and Private Finance Initiatives
Break
In Conversation Plenaries with Green Growth Leaders: Breakthroughs for Resource Efficient Growth
Water Security
Renewable Energy and New Business Models
Capital Markets
Economic Growth Strategies
Closing session: Reflexions on the way forward
A
A
B
B
C
C
E
D
R
E
F
O
A
C
D
F
08:00-09:30
09:45-11:00
11:00-11:30
11:30-13:15(Lunch served in sessions)
13:15-14:00
14:00-15:00
15:15-15:45
DAY
TUESDAY9 October 2012
2Programme
5
The 2nd Global Green Growth Forum took place on
8-9 October, bringing together 250 business, public
and civil society leaders committed to advancing in-
clusive green growth. The fragile global economic re-
covery remains an important and challenging back-
drop, but the assembled leaders recognise that as
growth picks up again across the globe, there cannot
be a return to business as usual. Acknowledging the
deliberations and outcomes of 2012 G20 Summit in
Los Cabos and in particular Rio +20, the discussion
focused on concrete actions to contribute to the im-
plementation of “The Future we want”. Sustainable,
inclusive growth patterns must be rapidly established
to ensure that prosperity can be sustained also in the
long run.
The Global Green Growth Forum is a unique platform
to catalyse partnerships that can rapidly bring to
scale green growth opportunities. Realizing the po-
tentials of green growth requires the effective mobi-
lization at scale of financial, technological and human
capital. This will only be possible if governments and
the private sector collaborate at the local, national
and the international levels to overcome barriers, and
create the right incentives for actors to innovate and
invest.
The Global Green Growth Forum was opened by the
Prime Minister of Denmark, Helle Thorning-Schmidt,
and by the partner countries represented by the
Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea, Hwang-sik
Kim, and the Minister of Environment and Natural Re-
sources from Mexico, Juan Rafael Elvira Quesada.
Then followed speeches by the new partners: Vice
Minister National Energy Administration from China,
Liu Qi; Chairman of the Administrative Control and
Transparency Authority of Qatar and the Incoming
President of COP18, HE Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Atti-
yah; and the Minister for Medical Services from Ken-
ya, Peter Anyang’Nyong’o. The broad geographical
composition of the partner countries underscores the
global relevance of the issues discussed at the 3GF
and the interest in pursuing sustainable solutions
through international collaboration and building of
new alliances.
The overarching theme of the 3GF 2012 was resource
efficiency and growth. Recognizing that a return to
higher growth rates and employment continue to be
at the forefront of politics across the globe, the 3GF
2012 explored the economics and the broader politi-
cal economy of green growth. The Forum found that
greening the global economy offers opportunities for
businesses, communities and nations. This is under-
pinned for example by the growing markets in clean
technology and renewables. Furthermore, going
green through enhancing resource efficiency and pro-
ductivity is increasingly seen as important parts of
improving competitiveness both at company and na-
tional level. The need to work with green growth is-
sues at the city and regional level was highlighted,
such as the suggestion from IADB to collaborate with
the Global Green Growth Forum to boost green
growth also in the Caribbean and the Latin-American
region.
There was a need to increase the sense of urgency to
act. Arguments for postponing the transition efforts
until after the current economic crises were dis-
missed by compelling evidence, presented by various
institutions during 3GF, that the cost of inaction
would be even greater.
Leadership from all stakeholders is needed to speed
up the transition to green growth, taking into account
national priorities. In particular political leadership
was needed to create an enabling framework for
businesses to act. The political economy of green
economy will need to be understood when moving
forward to ensure broad support. The importance of
social mobilization in support of green growth was
underlined.
Closing the gap in financing for the transition to a
green growth pathway was highlighted as one of the
most urgent needs. Key is to catalyse private invest-
ment through financial innovation, and leverage
scarce public finance and ensure investment grade
public policies. The need to reduce fossil fuel subsi-
dies and divert investments currently flowing into
carbon intensive development into green growth was
Summary of Proceedings
6
highligted. Several partnerships launched and pro-
gressed at the 3GF were specifically about financial
innovation, with particular focus on energy efficiency
financing and the design of more effective financial
instruments for ensuring country and political risk.
Climate change and natural resource depletion dispro-
portionately impact poorer countries with developing
countries facing the gravest consequences whilst
lacking resources to address these impacts of upscale
opportunities. The 3GF emphasised the inclusiveness
aspects of the green growth agenda when designing
new initiatives.
Technological innovation and in particular disruptive
innovations are essential elements in the transition
to green growth, as well as diffusion and adaption of
green technologies, particular in developing coun-
tries. Key is new ways of bringing known and new
technologies together, changing services provided,
and use ICTs more effectively to advance integration
e.g. smart cities, smart girds etc. The importance of
good framework conditions was highlighted. It was
pointed out that carbon pricing remain essential in
promoting low carbon technologies and technologies
to enhance resource efficiency.
The 3GF also offered an opportunity to review recent
years’ experience with mega-partnerships involving
private and public actors also at a global scale. These
Mega Partnerships, that include Sustainable Energy
for All (SE4All), the Green Growth Action Alliance
(G2A2), the Global Dry Land Alliance (GDLA) and the
Water Resources Group (WRG), exemplify how to cre-
ate large scale partnerships, international impacts
and outcomes. At the same time, the discussion em-
phasized the importance of local solutions and local
implementation, the need to have a dedicated core of
public and private organisations involved, to stay fo-
cused on where the partnerships can make a differ-
ence, keep flexible and ensure broad distribution and
uptake of lessons learned.
Recognizing that there is not one model for achieving
green growth, the Forum featured discussions of rel-
evant experiences from six countries: Brazil, China,
Germany, Indonesia, Morocco, and Turkey. In order to
exploit the unique character of the 3GF, the focus
was on public private partnerships in bringing forward
sustainable solutions at country level. The sessions
facilitated cross country learning and pointed to com-
monalities for advancing green growth at country lev-
el, including political leadership, private sector entre-
preneurship, and innovative financing schemes.
3GF provided an exceptional opportunity to engage
directly in dialogue between high-level business and
political leaders through a number of smaller plenary
settings. High level speakers `stepped off the stage`
and spent 60 minutes probing, and being probed, on
their role, experience and hopes for advancing green
growth through public-private collaboration across
sectors. These smaller plenaries was staged in two
series over the two days, focusing on the following
themes, Day One: “Making Resource Efficient Growth
Inclusive” and Day Two: “Breakthroughs for Resource
Efficient Growth”.
3GF 2012 featured Public Private Strategy Sessions
designed to explore and bring forward concrete sug-
gestions and recommendations on aspects of green
growth where public and private action is needed. 11
Public Private Partnerships were discussed and
brought forward. They are all presented in the annex.
Highlighted outcomes from the sessions include:
3GF launched a public private partnership to ac-celerate policy innovation in support of power sector transformation. This Partnership is based on
the 21st Century Power Partnership (21 CPP). Recog-
nizing the critical role that the power sector plays in
achieving green growth, the Partnership will engage
the private sector in advancing policies for reliable,
affordable, equitable, and clean electricity systems.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is
leading this initiative.
3GF pioneered a European PPP on promoting sustainable bio-based growth through securing fi-
nance for shared research and innovation facilities to
7
the amount 3.8 billion EUR. The importance of reach-
ing to civil society was recognised. The partners in-
clude the European Commission, Novozymes and oth-
er bio-based industries.
3GF launched a new PPP on energy efficiency finance. This aims to create a new market for energy
efficiency services in industries through the banking
system. This will facilitate senior management’s deci-
sion making on concrete energy efficiency invest-
ment. Key partners are Institute for Industrial Produc-
tivity, Global Green Growth Institute and HSBC.
3GF progressed a PPP on procurement and pri-vate finance initiatives that will put in place pro-
jects to position public procurement as a driver for
green growth. The PPP is led by International Insti-
tute for Sustainable Development and includes part-
ners from public sector (i.e. State Government of Sao
Paulo, Brazil), private sector (i.e. Philips, Danfoss, Abu
Dhabi Sustainability Group).
3GF launched a new PPP on Energy Efficiency Indicators in the area of motor systems, which rep-
resent a huge and largely untapped, cost-effective
source for industrial energy savings. Development of
indicators will help decision-makers and industry in
rapid deployment of EE measures. UNIDO and Global
Green Growth Institute is leading this initiative and
reaching out to private sector.
Possibilities for new public private partnerships were
explored in a number of informal breakfast sessions.
There was great interest in exploring further possibil-
ities for establishing partnerships in the areas of food
future to reduce food loss and waste; green innova-
tion, biofuels for aviation and green business models.
These potential partnerships will now be further de-
veloped with a view to bringing them forward in the
context of the 3GF. Moreover, the sessions also illus-
trated and discussed best practises and show-cased a
concrete green solution: Hydrogen cars.
The Way Ahead The conclusions and insights from the 3GF 2012 will
be brought into high level international discussions
and forums on sustainable development and green
growth. This includes the UNFCCC COP 18 to take
place in Doha, Qatar; and the further development of
the Mega-Partnerships. Particular emphasis will be on
bringing sustainability aspects and green growth
knowledge and practices into the process initiated to
develop sustainability development goals.
The participants agreed to continue the work to con-
cretize and bring into action the many recommenda-
tions arising from the 3GF 2012 green growth agenda
and to meet again 21-22 October 2013 to review pro-
gress and devise new actions.
8
9
PPP SessionsOutcome from the PPP Strategy Sessions at 3GF2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
C40 Cities and Green Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Energy Efficiency Finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Water - Action in Developing Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Biobased Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Natural Capital Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Cities and Urban Water Leakage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Power System Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Energy Efficiency Indicators (Motor Systems) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Trade to Scale up Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Financing Green Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Procurement and Private Finance Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
10
Outcome from the PPP Strategy Sessions at 3GF2012C40 Cities and Green Growth: The C40 Green
Growth Network chaired by the City of Copenhagen
had its first gathering at 3GF. The aim is to promote
best practices to cities around the world on how cit-
ies, the private sector and knowledge institutions can
work together to attract investments and create jobs
while addressing environmental challenges. Going
forward from this meeting, the partners agreed on
cities’ key role in advancing green growth and the im-
portance of political leadership and emphasising the
need for support at the national level.
Energy Efficiency Financing: Building on a Europe-
an Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
model, the PPP initiative led by The Institute for In-
dustrial Productivity and the Global Green Growth In-
stitute, will create a new market for energy efficiency
services in industries through the banking system – a
model that, in principle, can be developed and applied
in any country or region. The PPP will address a num-
ber of key barriers to energy efficiency awareness in
industries that utilize bank finance: at management,
financing, and technical levels, with the aim of inte-
grating EE finance into standard banking operations.
Water – Action in Developing Countries: Partici-
pants explored how national water partnerships in
the least developed economies can be supported by
best-practice economic analyses, water management
activities and public-private partnerships in industri-
alised and emerging economies. Drawing on the col-
lective experience of participants, examples of suc-
cessful pilot projects and business models operating
in developing countries, key elements and successful
factors were identified to help define and develop a
PPP strategy that will support governments of devel-
oping countries in managing water while respecting
the need for sustainable growth. The Water Resourc-
es Group will champion further development of such a
strategy as it moves into its next phase of activities.
Bio-based Growth: A European PPP for accelerating
transition to a bio-based economy is being pioneered
between a large range of bio-based industries and
the European Commission with the aim of accelerat-
ing innovation and research, boosting market uptake
and public awareness of bio-based products. The in-
tension is to secure financing for shared research and
innovation to the amount of 3.8 billion EUR. Partici-
pants discussed overall objectives and long term vi-
sion as well as key milestones and prerequisites for
effective realization of the PPP.
Natural Capital Accounting: Participants discussed
possible ways in which the public and private sectors
can collaborate to include natural capital value in the
accounting and decision-making of financial institu-
tions and companies. It was agreed to continue the
formulation of a framework and methodology to ac-
count for and report on natural capital to ensure that
what preserves the value of nature does not impede
economic growth of business. The International Fi-
nance Corporation (IFC) of the World Bank Group,
World Business Council for Sustainable Development
(WBCSD), Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES), Al-
stom and DSM, agreed to further the continued pro-
cess.
Cities and Urban Water Leakage: Urban water
managementhas been identified as an area in which
public-private partnerships have significant potential
to accelerate resource efficiency. The key partners for
establishing a partnership to demonstrate best prac-
tice on cities and urban water leakage were dis-
cussed. Following from this a Memorandum of Under-
standing is expected to be signed between
Copenhagen and Hanoi within a few months with the
purpose of significantly reducing water leakage in
Hanoi
Power System Transformation: The 21st Century
Power Partnership (21 CPP) – an intergovernmental
initiative on the power sector - was launched in April
2012 and taken a step further at the 3GF. The aim of
the partnership is to facilitate the transformation of
the power sector - a key objective in achieving green
growth. Parallel deployment of renewable energy and
energy efficiency will constitute 65% of avoided
PPP SESSION
12
emissions by 2035, an ambitious goal requiring tar-
geted investments in smarter grids and dedicated col-
laboration between electricity providers, grid opera-
tors, regulators and equipment manufacturers. The
aim of the PPP is to address the key barriers, help
identify and promote smart policy and regulation, en-
courage investment and facilitate much needed mul-
tilateral public-private information sharing and ex-
change of best-practice green growth solutions.
Participants particularly focussed on how to effec-
tively engage the private sector in the transforma-
tion.
Energy Efficiency Indicators (Motor Systems): A
PPP initiative was launched by the Global Green
Growth Institute (GGGI) and the United Nations Indus-
trial Development Organization (UNIDO) on energy
efficiency indicators in the area of motor systems to
promote the rapid deployment of EE measures and
guide effective policy measures. Motor systems rep-
resent a huge and largely untapped, cost-effective
source for industrial energy savings that could be re-
alised with existing technologies. Potential savings
amount to 10-15% corresponding to 120 billion USD
in annual savings by 2030. The overall objective of
the PPP is to develop indicators and promote the up-
take of indicator-based systems for monitoring and
benchmarking performance and progress over time at
industry as well as country/regional level. Participants
discussed how best to engage the private sector and
how to secure speedy adoption at scale of motor-sys-
tem EE indicators.
Trade to Scale up Renewable Energy: A sustaina-
ble energy to trade initiative was launched at 3GF in
2011 by ICTSD, the Green Growth Institute and part-
ners in cooperation with the Government of Denmark.
Since then progress has been made at intergovern-
mental level. At this session participants examined
possible co-operations at operational level between
companies, civil society, and governments. The pur-
pose of this is to advance rules-based international
frameworks on trade to enable efficient chains of
supply in sustainable energy goods and services. This
again is aimed at boosting the use of renewable ener-
gy sources and making access to energy for all, viable.
Financing Green Growth: Significant investments
are required to support a green growth transition that
meets emerging energy and infrastructure needs sus-
tainably. For this to happen new strategies are re-
quired to overcome the numerous risks which impede
green capital investments. Participants discussed real
and perceived risks associated with green capital in-
vestments, the effectiveness of existing and poten-
tial instruments to mitigate risks and sought to pro-
pose a concrete process or product to stimulate green
infrastructure investments. The session also explored
areas of possible collaboration between the Climate
Policy Initiative and the Green Growth Action Alliance
(G2A2), a coalition of over 50 businesses, public- and
private finance providers launched at the 2012 G20.
Procurement and Private Finance Initiatives: The Partnership for Procurement and Green Growth
was initiated at 3GF 2011 with the aim of encourag-
ing governments to use their purchasing power to
stimulate green investment, production and innova-
tion across domestic and global value chains. Its flag-
ship report ‘Procurement, innovation and green
growth: The story continues’ was launched to identify
lessons learnt and determine the effectiveness of
green public procurement as a growth driver. The aim
of the partnership is to influence laws, policies and
programmes to make them act as catalysts for green
innovation and growth. Participants discussed ex-
plored how the Partnership needs to work to scale up
public procurement as a green growth driver.
PPP SESSION
13
C40 Cities and Green GrowthParticipants discussed how cities can and must lead
the green growth transformation. Mayors control sig-
nificant assets, they have an ability to tailor the exact
needs of their city and they hold high credibility to-
wards their citizens in terms of ensuring basic life qual-
ity. However interaction with the national regulatory
framework is important. A case in point are the nation-
al procurement rules, which can limit the possibility of
cities to initiate innovative approaches.
Participants agreed that cities need to use their strong
political visions and ambitions in the climate area as a
starting point for engaging with private stakeholders
to develop both best practices and next practices. Fur-
ther, it was agreed that involvement and ownership
from the citizens is a key prerequisite to achieve longer
term support for green growth initiatives.
The GGGI study on existing green growth solutions in
cities, presented in the session, revealed that 95 % of
the 90 surveyed cities interviewed believe that green
investments will generate economic growth. However,
more than 50 % feel that their national framework
poses barriers to allow them to fully pursue this poten-
tial. Among the cities 32 % perceive themselves as
green, while 45 % are in early phases.
Participants agreed that the economic potential of
green growth can be of value to advance the political
case for green investments. However, it can be difficult
to quantify all advantages and Participants warned
against a development where issues which cannot be
quantified are not recognized as being of any value. It
was pointed out how green growth is value based and
requires political leadership and visionary goals.
The business sector recognized growing urbanisation
as a Megatrend with future business potential, and
confirmed that they are starting to adapt their compa-
nies to deliver to this Megatrend. The private sector
should consider how it can support cities in finding
solutions.
Case studies were presented from the cities of Copen-
hagen and Yokohama on their experiences of pursuing
a green growth strategy. Both mayors testified to the
need for a strong dialogue and cooperation with the
private sector. In Copenhagen this was achieved
through the Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster that could
work as a mediator between the public needs and the
private solutions.
Participants agreed on the following recommenda-
tions/actions:
• Political leadership is key both at the local and national level: National framework need to
enable cities to show leadership. Cities experi-
ence first mover advantages.
• Finance is key: Public spending is needed to gear
and secure private funding. The private sector is
looking for long term engagement and political
commitment.
• Regulation is key: National regulatory frame-
work must facilitate green development. Compact
city planning – strong regulation. City must set
high standards.
• Partnership building is key: City governments
can act as matchmakers – help building the part-
nerships, and these partnerships are key for ac-
tion to happen.
Moderator: Mark Watts, Director, ARUP
Panellists:Frank Jensen, Lord Mayor, Copenhagen
Fumiko Hayashi, Mayor, Yokohama
Graham Floater, Director, Climate Centre
Rohit Aggarwala, Special Advisor to C40 Chair Mayor
Michael Bloomberg
Jukka Pertola, CEO, Siemens, Denmark
Matthew Lynch, Project Director, World Business
Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
Organiser and contact persons City of Copenhagen
Claus Bjørn Billehøj, Head of Divison, City of
Copenhagen, [email protected]
Signe Gaarde, Senior Advisor, City of Copenhagen,
14
PPP SESSION
Energy Efficiency FinanceParticipants discussed the EE financing PPP initiative
led by The Institute for Industrial Productivity (IIP),
which builds on a European Bank for Reconstruction
and Development (EBRD) model and will create a new
market for energy efficiency services in industries
through the banking system ; a model that, in principle,
can be developed and applied in any country or region.
Participants underscored the need for engaging a
broad range of relevant actors including financial insti-
tutions, project developers, private sector companies,
utilities and industry associations. Participants dis-
cussed a number of key barriers in the field of energy
efficiency awareness in industries that utilize bank fi-
nance and suggested integrating EE finance and indus-
trial EE opportunity assessments into existing stand-
ard management, technical and lending operations.
Participants deliberated on how to deliver timely and
cost-effective know-how to potential EE financing
transactions in a simple and scalable way.
Participants agreed on the following recommenda-
tions/actions:
• Addressing regulatory issues: Improving the
regulatory environment, for instance through re-
moval of energy subsidies. Establishment of a
strong carbon price and enhancing energy effi-
ciency financial services, goes in tandem with the
efforts to increase the private sector’s involve-
ment through innovative financial instruments
(with public backing and public support for energy
audits) and increasing awareness for EE potential.
• Presentation of case study: IIP will finalize the
case study on the EBRD programme and use it as
material for engagement with banks regarding
potential piloting.
• Roadmap to replication of EBRD model: IIP
will continue working with HSBC India and a Chi-
nese bank to replicate an adapted version of the
EBRD programme within the partner banks’ or-
ganizational structure, corporate culture and pro-
cedures. This work can subsequently be extended
to an additional bank in the US.
• Feasibility and implementation of pilot: To-
gether with each bank, IIP will assess their actual
and potential industrial client base in order to un-
derstand the sectors from which business oppor-
tunities are likely to arise.
• Operational support: IIP will assist in the identi-
fication and screening of local EE experts in the
identified sectors to support the banks’ EE financ-
ing initiatives (especially to help identify EE meas-
ures). In addition, IIP and the local experts will
evaluate ESCOs, equipment suppliers, contractors
and consultants in the identified sectors capable
of implementing the suggested measures.
Moderator:Julia Reinaud, Policy and Programs Director, Institute
for Industrial Productivity (IIP)
Panellists:Martin Lidegaard, Minister for Climate, Energy and
Building, Denmark
Josue Tanaka, Managing Director, Energy Efficiency
and Climate Change, European Bank for Reconstruc-
tion and Development (EBRD)
Patrick D’Addario, Financial Products Director,
Institute for Industrial Productivity (IIP)
Michael Liebreich, Chief Executive, Bloomberg New
Finance
Simon Brooks, VP, European Investment Bank (EIB)
Nena Stoiljkovic, VP Business Advisory Services,
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
Organisers and contact persons: Institute for Industrial Productivity (IIP)
Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI)
Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building
Patrick D’Addario, Financial Products Director,
Institute for Industrial Productivity (IIP),
Hans Jakob Eriksen, Director, Global Green Growth
Institute (GGGI), [email protected]
Pernille Vejby Nielsen, Danish Ministry of Climate,
Energy and Building, [email protected]
15
PPP SESSION
Water - Action in Developing CountriesParticipants discussed the challenges and opportuni-
ties of building public-private-civil society partner-
ships at scale in the water sector to support all three
key pillars of sustainable growth and natural resource
management: social, environmental and economic.
These challenges can in particular be evident in de-
veloping countries, where capacity, financing and in-
vestment and experience in working across sectors
are constraints. The Water Resources Group (WRG) is
a global PPP designed to support governments who
face this challenge of planning sustainable growth
amidst severe national water constraints. WRG is en-
joying successful collaboration with newly industrial-
ising countries such as Mexico, South Africa and India,
however in its next stage; the focus of WRG will seek
to support poorer countries.
Participants drawn from all sectors engaged in lively
discussion sharing successful models and partnership
cases from developing countries to help shape a
strategy for the WRG in its next stage of work, includ-
ing how to overcome the potential barriers and ad-
dressing the political aspects of water management.
Participants agreed on the following recommenda-
tions/actions:
• Water resource management and investment
must incorporate three key pillars: social (access
and quantity), environment (quality) and eco-
nomic (efficiency) to secure long term sustaina-
ble growth – as also noted and agreed in the re-
cent Rio+20 summit outcomes
• There exist successful models of public-private
partnerships in water in developing countries,
where the experience and learnings must be har-
nessed and shared as a necessary next step to
support taking them to scale
• New models of regional cooperation on water are
emerging where multiple countries are coalesc-
ing around the common threat of water insecuri-
ty and committing support when called upon (i.e.
the Dryland Alliance)
• There are opportunities for PPP in water also
in LDC countries but investment agreements
and partnership models must be designed ap-
propriately, taking into account the poorest
sections of the population with reduced capac-
ity to pay for water (i.e. BRAC model of tired
financing)
• There was a call for both North-South and
South-South exchange to share knowledge on
fostering enabling environments and legal
frameworks to incentivize private sector invest-
ment and engagement
• Investments in water must take in the broader
agenda of overall water planning for food secu-
rity, industrial development and consumer
needs – water people must stop talking only to
water people
• Public sector capacity building is required in
many developing countries so that public-pri-
vate partnerships can be developed and imple-
mented most effectively, whether at a project
specific level or broader engagement as nation-
al planning discussions with private sector and
other stakeholders. This calls for close collabo-
ration between donor financed development
assistance and business investments and a fo-
rum to allow for such constructive debate.
Moderator:Dominic Waghray, Senior Director of Environmen-
tal Initiatives, World Economic Forum (WEF)
Panellists:Ida Auken, Minister for the Environment, Denmark
Fazle H. Abed, Founder and Chairperson, BRAC
Aly Abou-Sabaa, Vice President, Sector Opera-
tions, African Development Bank (AFDB)
Anders Berntell, Executive Director, Water
Resources Group (WRG)
Organiser and contact person:Water Resources Group (WRG)
Dominic Waghray, Senior Director of Environmen-
tal Initiatives, World Economic Forum and Co-Chair
of the Water Resources Group Steering Board,
16
PPP SESSION
Biobased Growth
Participants discussed how and why to make the
transition to a bio-based economy. There is a great
potential for new markets, new products and new
jobs, especially in rural areas, and more importantly,
huge environmental benefits - the Globe needs it.
Reaching a bio-based economy, however, is not easy
and cannot be done by making small, isolated pro-
jects. There is a need for a coordinated effort from
policy makers, industries and public opinion.
Participants pointed out that while second genera-
tion technology is now all in all in place, scaling up
is a challenge. An integrated approach addressing
multiple levels - supply (feedstock, agricultural resi-
dues and waste products), large scale demonstration
(refineries), policies, market and products - is impor-
tant. Taking the European Union led PPP initiative
Horizon 2020 as a point of departure the Partici-
pants discussed key focus areas or challenges that
need to be addressed.
Participants agreed on the following recommenda-
tions/actions:
• Establishment of a regulatory framework:
The existing regulatory framework reflects the
current oil based paradigm. Policy makers should
develop appropriate regulatory frameworks in
order to remove regulatory roadblocks and pave
the way for private initiative. An example was
the Danish ban of burning straw in 1991 which
provided an added incentive for alternative use
of residual straw.
• Lack of supply chain for biomass - how to mobilize the farmers: With farmers being key
suppliers of biomass (agricultural residues) it
was crucial to mobilize this group and to create
appropriate collection systems. The potential for
new markets, new products and new jobs
should be highlighted and explored, e.g. in PPP
Horizon 2020. A strategic use of the European
Union Common Agricultural Policy (EU CAP)
could also play a role in mobilizing farmers and
overcoming the “chicken-egg problem” where
lack of an established market and demand pre-
vents the development of necessary infrastruc-
ture.
• Develop sustainability criteria: Policy makers
should develop sustainability criteria making it
easier to navigate and avoid possible negative
environmental impacts with regard to e.g. sus-
tainable land use, supply of feedstock and food
security and climate change. For instance, how
much focus should be put on more efficient
land use versus more and better use of waste
and residues? What are sustainable extraction
rates? These aspects should also be included in
Horizon 2020.
• Important to ensure public opinion: A posi-
tive public opinion towards a bio-based econo-
my is essential for mobilizing stakeholders and
creating incentives. The trend is already there;
both at the private consumer and company lev-
el, but public dialogue is important to maintain
public confidence in the bio-based economy.
This is also a central element of Horizon 2020
where public consultations are currently ongo-
ing. Reliable standards are also a way to main-
tain public confidence.
Moderator:
David Baldock, Executive Director, Institute for
European Environmental Policy (IEEP)
Panellists: Mette Gjerskov, Minister for Food, Agriculture and
Fisheries, Denmark
Jerzy Bogdan Plewa, Deputy Director General,
Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural
Development, European Commission
Maive Rute, Director, Directorate General for
Research and Innovation, European Commission
Steen Riisgaard, CEO, Novozymes
Organiser and contact person: Novozymes
Anders Lyngaa Kristoffersen, Manager of Public
Affairs, Novozymes, [email protected]
17
PPP SESSION
Natural Capital AccountingThe discussion focussed on ways for the public and pri-
vate sectors to collaborate in setting the parameters
for the inclusion of natural capital in business account-
ing, reporting and decision-making. Natural Capital Ac-
counting has been on and off the agenda over the last
30 years or more. While there may be a broad recogni-
tion of the need to supplement traditional growth indi-
cators with indicators which account for the negative
impact on the environment and the use of natural re-
sources, a valuation of the social costs and benefits of
the externalities has not yet been identified. Partici-
pants agreed that while most actors would be in favour
of valuing externalities, pricing would depend on local
country and region conditions.
Participants agreed on the following actions and rec-
ommendations:
• The work going on in the UN Statistical Commis-
sion and the WAVES programme was well recog-
nised, but there was agreement that accurately
accounting for the stock of natural capital is prob-
lematic.
• A panellist drew the attention to the definition of
“capitalism” which today only focuses on the re-
turn of the financial capital. There is a need to also
include environmental and social capital.
• Private sector participants emphasized the need
for private sector to engage with public policy of-
ficials and regulators to develop a level playing
field through public reforms and regulations. It
was additionally recognised that such regulatory
frameworks will vary from country to country.
• Participants agreed that the debate underlined
the urgency of getting started with natural capital
accounting, developing a tool kit for politicians
that shows the impact of economic growth on so-
cial capital, and in particular to develop a method-
ology of pricing the use of natural resources in-
cluding land, water etc.
• Participants agreed that a smaller group consist-
ing of representatives of the World Bank Group
(WBG), national development banks (e.g. BNDES),
WBCSD, PwC and private sector companies to fur-
ther refine the current approaches to Natural Cap-
ital Accounting. Specifically, the group would work
on creating a small number of “proof points” of
companies and governments incorporating natu-
ral capital into their accounting frameworks.
Moderator: Usha Raó-Monari, Director, Advisory Services on
Sustainable Business, International Finance Corpora-
tion (IFC)
Panellists: Malcolm H. Preston, Partner and Global & UK Leader,
Sustainability and Climate Change, Price Waterhouse
Coopers (PwC)
Fokko Wientjes, Global Director Sustainability, DSM
Peter Bakker, President, World Business Council for
Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
Organiser and contact person: World Bank Group
Hannah Behrendt, World Bank, hbehrendt@
worldbank.org
18
PPP SESSION
Cities and Urban Water LeakageParticipants discussed drivers and challenges regard-
ing urban water leakage in light of the future water
scarcity that will affect cities and countries globally re-
gardless of their stage of economic development. Pro-
jections show that by 2030 50% of the world’s popula-
tion will live in regions with water shortage.
At the same time reductions in urban water leakage
could provide up to $170 billion in resource benefits
globally by 2030 (McKinsey, 2012, ‘Accelerating Green
Growth through Public Private Partnerships’). The neg-
ative effects of scarce water resource impact societies
socially, environmentally and economically and threat-
en to limit potential growth. Participants agreed that
the issue is of great importance to both public and pri-
vate sector, and that solutions need to involve both
public and private efforts.
While the problems concerning water leakage are easi-
ly identified, the solutions are harder to pin down. Dis-
cussions raised the issue of how to best engage the
private sector, such as performance based service con-
tracts with utilities or other forms of public-private
partnerships. The Participants discussed the need for
pricing water as a resource and the subsequent chal-
lenges pricing entails concerning accessibility of water
for poor people and the need for securing a degree of
public control with the water utilities.
Participants agreed on the following actions and rec-
ommendations:
• Political leadership: The political role is essen-
tial, whether pushing ambitions through goal set-
ting, bringing in efficiency standards, providing
regulations, helping to forge partnerships by play-
ing the role of an honest broker for PPPs, and link-
ing issues of water savings with new business and
pricing models.
• Water management accountability: Utilities
should be made accountable for water loss and
performance on their water management sys-
tems. Accountability needs to be implemented
through regulations and by securing transparency
on water data.
• Incentives: There has to be incentives for utili-
ties and long-term commitment to ensure that
water leakage is addressed. This also requires the
needed technical capacity both equipment and
qualified personnel.
• Community awareness and engagement:
Prices have to make sense locally. Even if poor
people might be ready to pay for water, the prices
have to be feasible. Some Participants suggested
considering a new approach to the PPP model
adding another P (people).
• Suggestions for how to move forward: Sug-
gestions included: i) Engagement with the Water
Resource Group to help identify which cities are
getting ready for political ownership thus helping
to make investments and goals more achievable.
One option is to engage the C40 Cities network to
increase political awareness and to encourage
sharing of best practices among cities; ii) Pursue
partnership with BRAC on how to address urban
water leakage in Bangladesh; iii) Pursue partner-
ship with Inter-American Development Bank on
financing urban water leakage initiatives in Latin
America; and iv) Engagement with the Danish Wa-
ter Forum to establish accountability in water util-
ity networks (benchmarking and good practice).
Moderator:Peter Harry Woodward, Director, Quest Associates
Panellists:Ida Auken, Minister of the Environment, Denmark
Fomiko Hayashi, Mayor of Yokohama
Carsten Bjerg, CEO, Grundfos
Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, Chairman, Nestlé
Anders Berntell, Executive Director, WRG.
Organisers and contact persons:City of Copenhagen, Danish Nature Agency, Danish
Ministry of the Environment
Claus Bjørn Billehøj, Head of Division, City of
Copenhagen, [email protected]
Jacob Møller Nielsen, Head of Division, Danish
Nature Agency, [email protected]
19
PPP SESSION
20
PPP SESSION
BPower System TransformationThe global energy landscape is changing dramatically.
In 2011, global investments in renewable energy ex-
ceeded a quarter trillion USD, comprising more than a
third of all new capacity additions. Under IEA’s New
Policy Scenario, between 2011 and 2035 almost 17
trillion USD will be spent on transmission, distribution,
and generation assets. The bulk of this investment will
take place in non-OECD countries, reinforcing the need
for global partnerships focusing on smart policies and
regulationsin support of the deployment of renewa-
bles and energy savings. Participants discussed oppor-
tunities and barriers for ensuring power system trans-
formation on regional and global scales, engaging the
private sector through the 21st Century Power Part-
nership (21CPP) – a Clean Energy Ministerial intergov-
ernmental initiative on the power sector. The Partner-
ship was advanced at 3GF through the launch of the
Private-Public Leadership Forum, which will serve as a
platform for governments and businesses to address
key challenges and develop, share, and encourage
best practices in the area of power system transforma-
tion.
Participants put forward the following recommenda-
tions/actions:
• Globally, the power system is one of the most im-
portant areas of focus for achieving green growth.
The pathway to 21st century power systems will
requiresmart policy, rapid technological innova-
tion, and massive investment. The 21CPP repre-
sents an important forum to developinternational
collaboration in support ofintegrated policies to
promote variable renewable energy, energy effi-
ciency, and grid modernization.
• Governments should set strategic directions, pro-
vide reliable and credible policy frameworks, and
apply appropriate incentives to stimulate power
sector investment. It is vital for these frameworks
to be long-term, as continuity reducesrisks and
attracts a broader base of investors.In addition to
providing long-term visibility, policy and regula-
tion should account for distinct regional contexts
and the dynamic nature of technological evolu-
tion.
• Improved power market design is needed, with or
without high penetration of variable renewable
energy. Existing power markets are often not de-
signed to effectively operate under either large
shares of variable renewable energy or demand
response. International collaboration can acceler-
ate the transfer of market design principles that
ensure reasonable prices for consumers while
achieving 21st century power systems.
• There is an urgent need for multilateral public-pri-
vate information sharing and exchange of
best-practice green-growth solutions in the pow-
er sector. Specifically there is a need to bring to-
gether utilities, grid operators, and other private
sector market participants facing similar chal-
lenges to encourage shared approaches to power
system transformation. Policies that align the in-
centives along the entire power system value
chain are central.
Moderator:Douglas Arent, Executive Director, National Renewa-
ble Energy Laboratory (NREL)
Panellists: Martin Lidegaard, Minister for Climate, Energy and
Buildings, Denmark
Graham Pugh, Director, Office of International
Climate Change Policy and Technology, U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy
Thomas Dalsgaard, Executive Vice President, DONG
Energy
Eoin Lees, Senior Advisor, Regulatory Assistance
Project
Zhu Lingzhi, Vice Chief Engineer, Smart Grid
Corporation of China, China Electric Power Research
Institute
Ian Simm, CEO, Impax Asset Management Group
Organisers and contact persons: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Global
Green Growth Institute (GGGI), Danish Ministry of
Climate, Energy and Building
Mackay Miller, Technology Innovation Analyst,
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL),
Nikolaj Svensson, Advisor, Danish Ministry of
Climate, Energy and Building, [email protected]
21
PPP SESSION
B Energy Efficiency Indicators (Motor Systems)Participants explored how to develop the PPP fur-
ther and discussed the potential in optimizing motor
systems and how best to approach the challenge of
developing energy efficiency indicators for motor
system. Furthermore, it was briefly discussed how
to ensure a speedy up-take of motor-systems indi-
cators by industry leaders and policy makers. All
partners/presenters made their channels of promo-
tion and capacity building programs available for the
scaling and speedy up-take of indicators developed
and coordinated under the PPP going forward.
Participants put forward the following recommenda-
tions/actions:
• Indicators are needed: Indicators are the
strongest market penetration tool available to
promote awareness on energy efficiency and to
guide policy makers and industry in their deci-
sion making. In order to develop indicators a lot
of data collection is needed with the view of
creating a common understanding of the issue.
Furthermore, help is needed to create the right
methodology and to agree on definitions i.e.
what is understood by “motor systems”. Like-
wise, in all the work it should be kept in mind
whois the end-users of the indicators.
• Demand structures and regulation are needed: Having the right energy efficient
technology does not do the trick alone. The
right policies create the needed incentives. In
developing these policies industry should be in-
vited early in the process. Participants support-
ed a holistic approach of looking at motor-sys-
tems, with a particular focus on the systems’
abilities to accommodate and respond to vari-
ous demand/load situations and identified this
as the area where the biggest savings could be
obtained (even if only applied to a single mo-
tor).
• Global standards needed: We should aim at
developing global standards for motor systems
rather than national or regional standards. Com-
mon indicators are important in this respect.
(This goes for both top-down/policy makers and
for industrial leaders being both users and pro-
ducers of motor-systems).
• UNIDO and GGGI will allocate resources to bring the PPP forward: To ensure the contin-
ued development of the PPP and to facilitate
the work of developing energy efficiency indi-
cators, UNIDO and GGGI will allocate resources
to the project and drive the process forward.
Moderator:Hans Jakob Eriksen, Director, Global Green Growth
Institute (GGGI)
Panellists: Hans Jørgen Koch, Deputy Director General,
Danish Energy Agency
Marina Ploutakhina, Director, United Nations
Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
Thibaud Voïta, Energy Policy Analyst, IPEEC
Bo Diczfalusy, Director, International Energy
Agency (IEA)
Conrad Brunner, Operation Agent, IEA’s 4E EMSA
Kim Christensen, President, Danfoss
Jeung-soo Huh, President, Korean Energy Manage-
ment Cooperation (KEMCO)
Claus Madsen, Managing Director and Country
Manager, AAB
Organisers and contact persons:Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), United Nations
Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO),
International Energy Agency (IEA), International
Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation
(IPEEC), Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and
Building
Hans Jakob Eriksen, Director, Global Green Growth
Institute, [email protected]
Marina Ploutakhina, Director, United Nations
Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO),
Pernille Vejby Nielsen, Danish Ministry of
Climate, Energy and Building, [email protected]
22
PPP SESSION
Trade to Scale up Renewable EnergyThis initiative highlights the needs as well as the op-
portunity for Sustainable Energy Trade Initiatives
(SETIs), including a possible ‘Sustainable Energy Trade
Agreement’ (SETA), to promote a trade-led market ex-
pansion of sustainable energy goods and services by
addressing trade barriers and providing for supportive
international governance. The vision is to get a critical
mass of countries to reach an agreement which can ef-
fectively address the obstacles, foster robust markets,
provide enabling governance, and thus provide the
ground for a scale up of renewable energy. While gov-
ernments must drive the policy reform process, there is
a need to understand the concerns of firms at different
levels of the supply chain, in different countries and in
different sectors.
Participants at this session discussed how to advance a
rules-based international framework on trade to ena-
ble efficient chains of supply in sustainable energy
goods and services through trade reform. This again is
aimed at boosting the use of renewable energy sourc-
es and making access to energy for all viable. It will ul-
timately alleviate climate change, lower the cost of
relevant technologies and thus making them competi-
tive, increase technology transfer to developing coun-
tries, improve energy security and promote innovation
and development of new technologies.
Participants agreed on the following actions:
• The Executive Director of UNIDO/chair of the UN
Sustainable Energy for All expressed his interest
in the initiative, which he assessed as carrying an
important potential in particular for Africa. He
pledged to assess the African interest in green
trade liberalisation at upcoming meetings with
leading Africans policymakers.
• The Danish Minister for Trade and Investment will
follow up in the European Union on the recent
APEC decision to reduce applied tariffs on a selec-
tion of environmental goods to a maximum of 5
percent including the possibility of the European
Union joining the decision. Domestically, the Min-
ister will look further into the issue of subsidies on
green energy products.
• ICTSD will seek to formalize the increasing sup-
port for the SETA in a multi-stakeholder support
mechanism, a SETI Alliance, which will create a
platform for private sector, governments, inter-
governmental organizations, research institu-
tions and think tanks to work together to advance
the SETA-concept.
• Proponents of the SETA, such as Vestas and the
WRI, underlined that there is a need to make infor-
mation about the initiative available to a broader
audience, both by formulating the key messages
in a less technical manner and by stepping up the
efforts in terms of outreach. This is something
which will be taken forward by ICTSD, inter alia
through the creation of the above-mentioned
SETI Alliance.
• Companies will continue to engage with policy-
makers regarding the need to advance a rules
based international framework on sustainable en-
ergy goods and services.
• ICTSD and other partners will continue to inform
the conception of an eventual SETA through re-
search and multi-stakeholder dialogue, as well as
through country- and regional consultations.
Moderator:Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz, Chief Executive, Interna-
tional Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development
(ICTSD)
Panelists:Pia Olsen Dyhr, Minister for Trade and Investment,
Denmark
Kandeh K. Yumkella, Executive Director, United
Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
Ditlev Engel, CEO, Vestas
Rick Samans, Executive Director, Global Green Growth
Institute (GGGI) and Vice Chair, World Energy Council for
Latin America
Andrew Steer, President, World Resources Institute
(WRI)
Organiser and contact person:The International Centre for Trade and Sustainable
Development (ICTSD)
Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz, Chief Executive, ICTSD,
D
23
PPP SESSION
D Financing Green Growth
Participants discussed how the increasing global need
for green financing at large scale calls for alternative
capital sources and for developing new innovative
ways of sharing of risks. There is a major gap between
global demand and supply for green investments due
to the high risks associated with the nature of green
investments, rising public debts and tight fiscal con-
straints in many parts of the world.
Participants agreed on the following recommenda-
tions/actions:
• Alternative sources of capital: The institutional
investors market is a potential source of large
scale green investments.
• New classes of effective risk mitigating instru-
ments: It is important to distinguish between real
and perceived risks. New measures were pro-
posed such as shielding investors from predefined
amount of financial loss, developing policy risk in-
surance instruments, blending funding sources
and bundling projects etc.
• Political leadership is important: To encourage
global green investments on a large scale it is im-
portant to align public policy with private inter-
ests in public-private partnerships. The Danish
wind farm examples which were financed by pen-
sion funds coupled with state guarantees can
serve as inspiration.
• Continuing the discussions: The discussions will
be continued in close interaction between public
and private actors to share knowledge and experi-
ences as well as explore and develop new financ-
ing schemes and new public-private partnerships.
It was acknowledged that there is a need to broad-
en the group and reach out to additional investors
such as more pension funds and banks to improve
the effectiveness of risk coverage.
• Next steps: Next steps will be to incorporate the
feedback and excellent ideas into the future work
and explore how to continue the discussions with
the Green Growth Action Alliance, an international
public private mega-partnership with over 50
business, public finance and private finance pro-
viders launched at the 2012 G20.
Moderator:Barbara K. Buchner, Director, Climate Policy
Initiative (CPI) Europe
Speaker:Ole Sohn, Minister of Business and Growth, Denmark
Panellists:Simon Brooks, Vice President, European Investment
Bank ( EIB)
Michael Liebrich, CEO, Bloomberg New Energy
Finance
Torben Møger Pedersen, CEO, Pension Denmark
Usha Raó-Monari, Director, Advisory Services on
Sustainable Business, International Finance Corpora-
tion (IFC)
Dominic Waughray, Senior Director of Environmen-
tal Initiatives, World Economic Forum (WEF)
Michael Dithmer, Permanent Secretary of State for
Business and Growth, Denmark
Organisers and contact persons:Climate Policy Initiative (CPI), Ministry of Business and
Growth, Denmark
Barbara K. Buchner, Director, Climate Policy
Initiative ( CPI) Europe, barbara.buchner@CPIVenice.
org
Markus Bjerre, Head of Section, Danish Ministry of
Business and Growth, [email protected]
24
PPP SESSION
Procurement and Private Finance InitiativesDelegates discussed the effectiveness of public pro-
curement and PFIs in stimulating green growth and
how they could be re-engineered to achieve greater
value for money, deliver more resource efficient public
assets/services and initiate wider economic multipli-
ers for green industrialisation.
The moderator outlined three key questions for the
debate: How can green public procurement and public
partnerships be scaled up over the next 2 years? What
is impeding such scaling across industrialised, emerg-
ing and lower income countries? And what will it take
to remove these constraints?
Participants agreed on the following:
• The potential of sustainable public procurement
to bring about a green economy is undisputed.
Compelling evidenced is presented in the report“
Procurement, Innovation, Green Growth, the Story
So Far” published by the International Institute for
Sustainable Development (IISD). There is a need
to explore how risks are accounted for in sustaina-
ble procurement and PFIs and work with the fi-
nancial sector to address these risks.
• Transparency is important in the process of public
procurement. This is critical to enable procure-
ment processes to be designed and positioned as
triggers for innovation and green growth.
• The Partnership needs to demonstrate how pro-
curement and PFI can trigger innovation and
green growth. Moreover, the partnership needs to
undertake pilot projects to demonstrate how
pre-qualification, technical specifications and
award criteria can be designed to trigger green in-
vestment and innovation across companies that
do business with the government.
• Tender and PFI procedures need to be re–de-
signed to allow for environmental and social con-
siderations to be effectively built into the pro-
curement project cycle.
Next steps:• Input from the session will be used in the develop-
ment of a two-year work programme focusing on:
• Pilot projects to demonstrate how procurement
and PFI can be designed to trigger green innova-
tion and green growth and increase domestic in-
dustrial capacities in emerging and lower income
economies.
• Advisory services and technical assistance to low-
er income countries on how to develop policies
and programmes on green procurement and PFI
and how to use these as an incentive for foreign
investments.
• Development of better models to estimate envi-
ronmental, social, and financial risks into procure-
ment and PFI projects and putting in place risk
management strategies across the project live
cycle.
• Investigation of how to increase transparency and
accountability in public procurement processes.
• Development of a dedicated focus on procure-
ment and PFI in relation to energy, water, and in-
frastructure.
Moderator:Mark Halle, Executive Director, International
Institute for Sustainable Development Europe (IISD)
Opening remarks: Ida Auken, Minister for the Environment, Denmark
Panellists:Nelson Sam, Global Managing Director, Thomson
Reuters Advisory Services Commodities and Energy
Valeria D’Amico de Lima, Deputy Associate
Secretary of State, Government of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Jan Willem Scheijgrond, Senior Director Environ-
ment Health & Safety, Philips
Oshani Perera, Programme Leader, International
Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
Organisers and contact persons: International Institute for Sustainable Development
(IISD) and the Partnership for Procurement and Green
Growth.
Oshani Perera, Programme Leader, International
Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), oper-
Tilmann Liebert, Project Officer, International
Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), tliebert@
iisd.org
Plenary SessionsResource Efficiency and Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Technology and Green Growth: The Quantum Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Mega-Partnerships; Blending International and Local Collaboration for Scaled Impact 30
Closing Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
26
Resource Efficiency and Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Technology and Green Growth: The Quantum Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Mega-Partnerships; Blending International and Local Collaboration for Scaled Impact 30
Closing Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Resource Efficiency and Growth Panellists: Angel Gurria, Secretary General, Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Rachel Kyte, Vice President, World Bank
Caio Koch-Weser, Vice Chairman, Deutsche Bank
Group
Moderator: Achim Steiner, Executive Director, United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP)
Session SummaryThe first plenary session focused on where policy and
market failures are preventing green growth opportu-
nities from being realized despite ample evidence that
inaction will be by far the most expensive option in the
long run. Among the main issues discussed was the fi-
nancial crisis dragging the attention away from long
term green growth investments both among policy
makers and CEOs, the need for new financial instru-
ments to facilitate access to finance, and the need for
leadership to ensure long term predictable framework
conditions and to move ahead despite not having a
global climate agreement.
Investment in green growth - the cheapest solu-tion in the long runThe Panellists agreed that there is an urgent need to
invest in green growth solutions to avoid costly conse-
quences. As highlighted in the recent ‘OECD Environ-
mental Outlook for 2050’ report ‘Consequences of Inac-
tion’ focusing on climate change, water, biodiversity
and health consequences of pollution the cost of inac-
tion is more expensive than any of the known costs. The
choice between growth and green is false. Future chal-
lenges are not only about carbon emissions but also
about natural resource scarcity. Tomorrow’s competi-
tive companies will be those who best manage the tran-
sition of enhancing resource efficiency and productivi-
ty. The material intensity of production has already
decreased significantly over the past two decades.
Barriers to green growthThe lack of access to finance was highlighted by panel-
lists as the most important barrier to green growth at
this point in time with financial circumstances being
much harder now than just a year ago. The financial cri-
sis is dragging away attention from green growth both
among policy makers and CEOs. Private investment in
developing countries is 50% down with the World fac-
ing a decade of lower potential growth and shorter and
more erratic business circles even in the BRIC countries.
There is a need for a new generation of financial instru-
ments, which can catalyse private investment and lev-
erage scarce public finance.
Panellists highlighted the critical role Africa has to play.
Despite high returns in Africa at the moment- higher
than any other place, African countries still struggle to
attract investment. The thinking among investments
banks seems to be to sort out existing markets before
engaging into new ones.
Subsidies of fossil fuels were highlighted as the single
most important source of distortion in the world affect-
ing both developed and developing countries and di-
verting huge amounts of resources to the detriment of
the environment, the economy and social justice.
Way aheadPanellists raised a number of suggestions for how to
move on despite the challenges:
• Committed leadership is necessary to ensure long
term, enabling and predictable framework condi-
tions for businesses to act.
• Carbon pricing is an important instrument to make
green solutions more financially viable. Political
leadership could be essential in driving the carbon
price issue. Rather than wait for a global climate
agreement, a coalition of willing carbon market
countries could go ahead. This requires critical
mass, transformational ambition, and targets for
action, but could eventually link back into the UN
process.
• Remove fuel subsidies and redirect the money to-
wards the poor.
• Link the trade and environmental agenda.
• Need to work with green growth issues at the city
and regional level. Suggestion of building on the
C40 network of mayors to share most effective
policies, create sustainable energy clubs and work
through peer pressure.
28
PLENARY sEssioN
Technology and Green Growth: The Quantum Change
Panellists: Frans van Houten, CEO, Philips
Bob Collymore, CEO, Safaricom
Ditlev Engel, CEO, Vestas
Niels B. Christiansen, CEO, Danfoss
Moderator:Kathy Sierra, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institute
Session Summary Will disruptive technologies drive the next wave of change?Technological innovation and in particular disruptive
innovations are essential elements in the transition to
green growth. Previous waves of change over the past
three to four decades have been driven by govern-
ments coming together and changing the enabling en-
vironment through pricing, regulation, policy targets
etc. and by civil society pushing for change. In this ple-
nary a panel of four top CEOs provided their perspec-
tives on what it will take for the next wave of change to
be driven by disruptive technologies. What are the ma-
jor trends, emerging technologies, current driving forc-
es, and new champions?
What is a disruptive technology?Panellists pointed out how innovation is often driven
by necessity and crisis – the need to find a solution to a
pressing problem. Disruptive technologies need not be
based on new leapfrog technologies but also on the
way in which new and known technologies are com-
bined. An example mentioned was the combination of
a solar panel, a lithium battery and a battery, which
plugged together can give a rural based person access
to light and enable children to do homework at night
and thus pursue an education - a simple invention but
with huge impact. Telecommunication was mentioned
as an example of a disruptive technology in itself dra-
matically improving the access of rural based popula-
tions to information, services and decision makers.
What drives innovation? Panellists highlighted a number of issues which are key
in driving forward innovation.
These included:
• Good framework conditions: Governments
need to put the necessary infrastructure in
place, to encourage new development, and to
secure the longevity of investments.
• Subsidies in the initial phase: Disruptive
technologies are not invented overnight; they
are the result of a long process with new tech-
nologies typically starting out as alternative
technologies, eventually ending up becoming the
main technologies. Subsidies might be necessary
at the outset but must deteriorate over time as
the technology develops and the use is brought
to scale.
• Standard setting: Ambitious standards will
push the private sector to innovate and thus
speed up innovation.
• Carbon pricing: Carbon pricing is essential in
promoting a new way of looking at all costs in-
volved in a given production including the costs
to society. The example of electricity production
in Colorado was mentioned, with a coal based
production having lower up front and running
costs, but being more expensive than wind gen-
erated electricity when taking into account the
health and environmental costs. Carbon pricing is
therefore key in helping promote low carbon
technologies.
• Consumer demand: Several panellists pointed
out how consumers are likely to play a key role in
the development of disruptive technologies in
the future. Demand from consumers will increase
and consumer behaviour will play a fundamental
role in building policies. This also applies to de-
veloping countries where many young people are
living in a very connected world, demanding to
be treated in the same way, and with social pres-
sure driving the private sector.
• Learning: There was a concern that learning is
not being transferred effectively. A lot of knowl-
edge is available in universities and must be har-
nessed when developing new technology. This
could be promoted through the criteria used in
grant processes.
29
PLENARY sEssioN
Mega-Partnerships; Blending International and Local Collaboration for Scaled ImpactPanellists: Kandeh K. Yumkella, Director, United Nations
Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
Andrew Steer, President, World Resource Institute
(WRI)
Fahed Bin Mohammed Al-Attiya, Chairman, Qatar
National Food Security Programme and Organizing
Sub-Committee
Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, Chairman, Nestlé
Moderator: Simon Zadek, Senior Fellow, Global Green Growth
Institute (GGGI)
Session Summary A new generation of ‘mega-partnerships’ is emerging.
The session tapped into the experience of four cham-
pions in this area, four mega partnerships covering
Sustainable Energy for All, the Global Dry Land alli-
ance, the Green Growth Action Alliance and the Water
Resource Group. Panellists shared learning from initi-
ating and scaling up mega partnerships emphasizing
the importance of local solutions and local implemen-
tation, the need to have a dedicated core of public and
private organisations involved, to stay focused on
where the partnership can make a difference, to keep
flexible and temporary, and to ensure broad distribu-
tion and uptake of lessons learned.
Sustainable Energy for All (SEFA) –seeking ap-proval and leverage through the UNKandeh Yumkellah identified the lack of access to en-
ergy as a crucial constraint to development efforts.
The concern lead the United Nations General Assem-
bly to designate 2012 as the International Year for
Sustainably Energy for All (SEFA) an initiative high-
lighting the need for universal access to energy, in-
creased energy efficiency and enhanced deployment
of renewable resources in developing countries. Yum-
kellah explained the strategies: creating a clear narra-
tive on the link between energy and development;
building a small but dedicated coalition of willing gov-
ernments and a few other players who could push the
agenda, motivate and provide strategic guidance;
identifying the objectives; costing the ideas; generat-
ing strong political leadership through the support of
the UN Secretary General who picked it up as his own;
and being persistent also in the face of initial set-
backs. The challenge now is to deal with 61 countries,
as solutions have to be found locally, to maintain a fa-
cilitating rather than an implementing role, and to
find an existing fund with the financing engineering
knowledge to administer the funding side.
Global Dry Land Alliance – a risk sharing mecha-nism with responsibilitiesThe Qatar National Food Security Programme (QNFSP)
is working to establish a Global Dry Land Alliance - an
international alliance of 10-15 dryland nations facing
similar problems of food security due to scarce water
resources.Fahed Bin Mohammed Al-Attiya informed
that the idea is to create a multi country model with a
shared risk mechanism - a strategic alignment be-
tween countries able and willing to commit. Commit-
ments include significant investments in research and
development, sharing new knowledge and technolo-
gy, and most significantly committing to assist anoth-
er member country if faced with a severe drought/
water problem. A key challenge is to develop the nec-
essary technology which can enable dryland nations
to become self sufficient.
Water Resources Group –decentralization and clear ownershipThe aim of the Water Resource Group is to help ad-
dress the imbalance between water supply and water
demand. Peter Brabeck-Lemathe explained that the
strategy is to keep the ambitions high, the central ad-
30
PLENARY sEssioN
ministration small (only 3 people in NY head office for
a 50 million dollar fund), to limit the involvement to
just a handful of clearly committed countries at a
time, and to work in a decentralized manner with WRG
helping establish inclusive partnerships between rele-
vant local stakeholders and helping work out solu-
tions, but not being in charge of actual implementa-
tion. In order to ensure ownership and efficiency, WRG
only works with governments where either the Presi-
dent or the Prime Minister has a personal interest in
the issue, always operates through one appointed
government interlocutor, expects governments to pay,
and only remain involved as long as efficiency is main-
tained and goals achieved (two year commitments at
a time).
Green Growth Action Alliance (G2A2) – the pri-vate sector pulling togetherThe Green Growth Action Alliance, is a new partner-
ship launched at the Business 20 (B20) Summit in Los
Cabos, Mexico in June 2012, mainly business lead, ad-
dressing the estimated $1 trillion annual shortfall in
green infrastructure investment, by calling for actions
in five target priority areas over the next three years:
promote free trade in green goods and services;
achieve robust carbon pricing; end inefficient subsi-
dies and other forms of fossil fuel support; accelerate
low-carbon innovation; and increase efforts to target
public funding to leverage private investment. The
idea is to propose very specific ideas and hold govern-
ments accountable. Andrew Steer warned that not all
mega partnerships work and there are lessons to be
learnt from earlier partnerships on health and educa-
tion. He advised that you need a strong issue, strong
leadership, should avoid trying to solve every problem
immediately, but go where there is real passion,
where there are CEOs willing to go the extra mile. Po-
litical leadership is important – true world leaders who
want an issue to be their legacy.
31
PLENARY sEssioN
Closing Session Panellists: Villy Søvndal, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Denmark
Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, Chairman, Nestlé
Kandeh K. Yumkella, Director General, United
Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
Moderator: Tomas Anker Christensen, Senior Advisor for
Partnerships, UN Office for Partnerships
Session Summary A ‘Summary of the proceedings’ was provided.
3GF is unique in bringing key decision makers from the
public sector, the private sector, and international or-
ganisations and think tanks together to share experi-
ences and find concrete solutions for how to promote
green growth through private public partnerships. The
aim is to facilitate – not to implement.
With the three new member countries, 3GF now has an
impressive and diverse combination of participants,
spanning four continents, bringing together countries
very different in size, economic development and eco-
nomic significance but all representing governments
committed to the cause of green growth. The coalition
of 3GF member states and the Global Green Growth In-
stitute and its range of countries behind it constitutes
a good ‘coalition of the willing’ to promote action on
green inclusive growth.
32
PLENARY sEssioN
A brand has been established and a space carved out
by 3GF which helps give content to a new narrative of
opportunities stressing the economic benefits of going
green and promoting the transition to a green, inclu-
sive economy. Sustainable development is often pro-
filed as a losing agenda, but 3GF helps to demonstrate
that it can also be a winning game.
The meeting demonstrated an impressive amount of
commitment to the PPPs and a pragmatic approach in
finding solutions to problems. However, as stated at
the UN meeting in Rio de Janeiro the world is too com-
plex to only see it though one lense. Sustainability is a
three dimensional issue – environmental, economic
and social - with changes in one area having implica-
tions for the other two. The inclusiveness aspect needs
to be strengthened in the future.
When discussing green growth as a model for sustaina-
ble growth, there is a need to discuss dematerialised
growth, resource efficiency and the distorting influ-
ence of intransparent subsidies - all of them issues
which could be relevant to pursue in future 3GF high
level meetings.
33
PLENARY sEssioN
In Conversation Plenaries with Green Growth Leaders:
Green Finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Sustainable Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Innovative Finance for Energy Efficiency in Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
International Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Energy for All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Green Job Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Water Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Renewable Energy and New Business Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Capital Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Economic Growth Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
34
Green FinancePanellists: Sergio Eduardo Weguelin Vieira, Deputy Managing
Director of Environmental Division, Brazilian Develop-
ment Bank (BNDES)
Niels B. Christiansen, CEO, Danfoss
Moderator:Simon Brooks, Vice President, European Investment
Bank (EIB)
Framing contentIn this session participants discussed to what extent
effective green finance is critical to the success of the
transition to a green growth economy and how the per-
ceived high risks associated with green investments
restrict access to funding.
The development banks have increased their focus on
catalysing investments into the green growth sectors.
One of the drivers behind this development is an in-
creased awareness of the responsibility for future
generations and social inclusiveness. In addition to the
green effect of a project, it is considered important to
include social impact considerations, i.e. who is bene-
fitting from a specific green project. A number of green
markets have emerged as a result of increased public
and private investments and innovation in financial in-
struments. However, there are still significant chal-
lenges in mobilizing financial resources for green
growth projects, one being the high risk perceptions on
green markets
Opportunities The transition to a green economy requires substantial
resources in terms of financing. Green financing is es-
sential in creating green growth as it offers companies
and developers funds to catch the business opportuni-
ties in the green markets. Participants agreed on the
importance of developing innovative financial instru-
ments and processes which can accelerate the move-
ment towards a green growth economy. In this context,
the development of guarantee schemes that address
the perceived higher risk for green projects should also
be considered.
Challenges Participants representing the private sector highlight-
ed the difficulties in securing financing for developing
and manufacturing products to the green markets as
banks and other financial providers perceive the risks
associated with green projects as much higher com-
pared to their traditional portfolio projects. Thus, the
perception of risk implies that green projects in effect
are imposed a “risk penalty”.
Panellists also stressed the importance of due dili-
gence when rolling out the green growth approach in
the relevant financial institutions’ organisations – both
on the strategic as well as the operational level.
Recommendations Participants highlighted the following points:
• Develop innovative financial instruments that can
accelerate the movement towards green growth;
• Develop models and operational methods than
can reduce the financial investors´ perception of
risk associated with green growth projects;
• Present concrete business cases to the financial
investors documenting the realistic risk of green
growth projects compared to the perceived inves-
tor risk;
• Ensure that social impact and inclusiveness are
addressed in green growth projects;
• Ensure access to capital for small green growth
projects in Africa, below the multilateral develop-
ment banks´ threshold of around 50 million USD.
36
IN CONVERSATION
Sustainable CitiesPanellists: Rohit Aggarwala, Special Advisor to C40 Chair
Frans van Houten, CEO and Chairman, Philips
Ida Auken, Minister for the Environment, Denmark
Moderator:Andrew Steer, President, World Resources Institute
(WRI)
Framing contentBy 2050, up to 80 per cent of the global population is
expected to reside in cities, which are increasingly be-
coming the focus of sustainability efforts. Cities will
be the key figures of the 21st century; the success of
our generation will be measured against our efforts in
creating sustainable cities. In this session Participants
reflected on how effective solutions to sustainability
challenges in cities require innovative collaborations
and policies across industry and government.
OpportunitiesCities encompass all the elements needed for devel-
oping green economies; efficiency, density, shared
space and recycling. Cities are spaces for more effi-
cient transportation, shared recreational assets and
new technologies exist which can help us to provide
resilient solutions in terms of efficient urban lighting.
Thus cities have to grow in a sustainable and inclusive
way.
Participants agreed that public procurement has a lot
of potential if it goes green. An example from the
Netherlands illustrated how using tenders in an inno-
vative way by keeping prices fixed on new public and
asking bidders to compete on finding the best solu-
tions in terms of social and environmental.
ChallengesPoliticians need to find the balance between giving
freedom to cities to develop their creative spaces,
while at the same time providing the political frame-
works and standards. Participants also highlighted the
challenges in terms of getting governments’ and par-
liaments’ support for urban leaders and new green
ideas at city level. Another challenge to creating sus-
tainable cities are the difficulties in making people ac-
cept the initial high costs of green growth investments
and accept that the benefits may not necessarily go to
the same unit, which invested in the first place.
RecommendationsThe following points were highlighted:
• Financing: Focus on green public procurement and
development of creative financing tools for mobi-
lizing investment towards sustainability;
• Leadership: Dynamic leaders are needed to drive
the process forward. Mayors with similar man-
dates around specific issues to create green
growth networks similar to C 40;
• Tools: Need for new tools to assess urban sustain-
ability strategies and solutions (taking into ac-
count both environmental, social and economic
aspects)
37
IN CONVERSATION
Innovative Finance for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Panellists: Peter Bakker, President, World Business Council for
Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
Torben Möger Pedersen, CEO, PensionDanmark
Moderator:Martin Lidegaard, Minister for Climate, Energy and
Buildings, Denmark
Framing contentDuring the session possibilities for mobilizing funds for
energy efficient building and the complementary roles
of public and private actors in this major endeavour
were explored. Estimates show that the global stock of
buildings, including homes as well as commercial and
industrial buildings, accounts for around 40 % of the
total consumption of energy. Various studies have also
shown that improved design of new buildings and ret-
rofitting of existing buildings could result in very sig-
nificant energy savings and reductions in greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions. However, finance is required for
new energy efficient construction and for retrofitting
and upgrading the building stock. The WBCSD has esti-
mated that 150 million USD per year invested in energy
conservation in buildings could lead to 40 % reduction
in GHG emissions. According to the International Ener-
gy Agency (IEA), there are around 200 million buildings
to be upgraded in the OECD countries. The Agency will
release a report on the issue in the near future.
Opportunities Based on examples briefly outlined by the panellists
and participants, initiatives underway in Australia,
Denmark, France, Mexico, the Netherlands and the US
were highlighted. It was pointed out that governments
have a key role to play in setting standards for “green
buildings” and establishing the regulatory framework.
Furthermore, given the demand for energy in publicly
owned buildings in many countries (offices, schools,
etc.), raising energy efficiency standards in the public
sector is an important step. Businesses, real estate
agents and financial institutions, as well as energy
supply utilities, also need to explore innovative means
of mobilizing the funds required for improvements. It
was also pointed out that there are considerable em-
ployment effects (job creation) through “greening
buildings.”
Challenges The WBCSD has prepared an energy efficiency roadm-
ap that shows how governments (including local and
city administrations), occupants, businesses, builders,
material suppliers etc., can align and enhance their ef-
forts in order to encourage greater investment in ener-
gy conservation. Financial institutions also need to
develop loan packages and other instruments to sup-
port investment in conservation. Risk aversion is a par-
ticular problem. Important additional measures in-
clude: improved measurement of energy losses and
efficiency gains, the introduction of systems to classi-
fy buildings according to agreed standards and apply
differential taxes on real estate (just as vehicles are
taxed according to emissions), as well as improved
quality control (in terms of building materials) and
training in energy efficient solutions.
Recommendations Participants concluded that the way forward with pub-
lic private partnerships in energy efficient building will
include:
• Government “raising demand” for energy conser-
vation by setting appropriate standards and tar-
gets;
• Education and information campaigns on energy
savings;
• Design of incentive packages involving financial
institutions, utilities, etc;
• Investment in public sector building improve-
ments;
• Establishing codes of conduct for private inves-
tors in the real estate sector.
38
IN CONVERSATION
International DevelopmentPanellists: Fazle Abed, Chairman, BRAC
Christian Friis Bach, Minister for Development
Cooperation, Denmark
Moderator:Rachel Kyte, Vice President, World Bank.
Framing contentThe session dealt with the identification of public/pri-
vate strategies to overcome barriers for and promote
resource efficient green growth in the field of interna-
tional development. Poverty alleviation requires eco-
nomic growth, but growth must be green and inclusive.
Partnerships between governments, companies and
not-for-profit organisations, such as BRAC, are part of
the solution to ensure green growth. Engaging the pri-
vate sector in development activities is crucial since
businesses drive innovation, transfer green technolo-
gy and create jobs.
OpportunitiesParticipants identified three key roles for official de-
velopment assistance (ODA):
1. ODA as a catalyst for private funding which may
ultimately ten-double the impact on poverty. To
this end, ODA should be risk-ready and provide
seed money for projects that may attract pension
funds and equity investments from private com-
panies at a later stage.
2. ODA as a facilitator of technology transfers,
knowledge dissemination and policy advice. Part-
nering with aid agencies also ensure access to
best practices and policy advice (even if it does
not attract additional funds).
3. ODA as a contribution to the building of state ca-
pacity. Green growth requires enabling environ-
ments which cannot be ensured by civil society or
business alone. Stronger state administrations,
reliable framework conditions, rule of law and re-
spect for fundamental rights are preconditions for
the private sector to create economic growth.
Participants agreed that public procurement has a lot
of potential if it goes green. An example from the Neth-
erlands illustrated how using tenders in an innovative
way by keeping prices fixed on new public and asking
bidders to compete on finding the best solutions in
terms of social and environmental.
ChallengesParticipants noted that sustainable green growth will
only happen if markets are transparent and if accurate
information is available. Getting prices right is neces-
sary to generate investments in green technologies.
E.g. as long as governments continue to subsidize elec-
tricity, it is difficult to make businesses invest in solar
energy. Participants agreed that getting rid of subsi-
dies is difficult as it severely impacts the poor (even
though the subsidies primarily benefit the middle
classes who consume more energy). However, no blue
print has yet been found for careful, poverty-sensitive,
ways to eliminate market distorting subsidies.
As ODA is increasingly focusing on partnerships with
businesses, it may severely hamper development op-
portunities in the poorest or most conflict affected
countries which already have difficulties in attracting
foreign direct investment. Thus, participants generally
agreed that it will be necessary for aid agencies to
work with fragile states using other modus operandi.
RecommendationsParticipants agreed on the following:
• More multi-stakeholder partnerships and trilater-
al cooperation between middle-income countries,
traditional donors and developing countries
should be explored in order to stimulate green
growth through technology transfer and knowl-
edge dissemination. (Such partnerships could be
based on models like the memorandum of under-
standing between Denmark and Brazil and Den-
mark and the Republic of Korea);
• Governments to reallocate the funds previously
spent on energy subsidies towards building social
security nets with similar poverty alleviating ef-
fects;
• Revisiting of the often cumbersome procedures of
aid agencies;
• Finally, Participantd agreed that it remained a
general challenge to build and strengthen state
capacity to create national frameworks conducive
for green growth.
39
IN CONVERSATION
Energy for All
Panellists: Juan Rafael Elvira Quesada, Minister for Environ-
ment and Natural Resources, Mexico
Ditlev Engel, CEO, Vestas
Steen Riisgaard, CEO, Novozymes
Moderator:Christoph Frei, Secretary General, World Energy
Council
Framing contentThe focus of the discussion was the challenges of pro-
viding developing countries with clean sustainable en-
ergy. Accessing reliable energy is one of the greatest
obstacles the developing world faces. 1.3 billion people
go without electricity. Twice that number - nearly 40%
of the world’s population - lack modern energy servic-
es. Providing these people with energy is a difficult
task - and ensuring that it occurs in a sustainable and
cost-effective way makes the task even more challeng-
ing. Participants agreed that fulfilling the SE4ALL
energy access target by 2030 will require increased in-
vestments in the energy sector in the developing
world, focussing on both existing and new technical
capacities.
Opportunities Access to energy is one of the key drivers for social and
economic development. Without access to sustainable
and modern energy services there can be no real social
or economic development. Sustainable energy fosters
enterprise activities that can break the cycle of pover-
ty. Participants agreed that private-sector investment
is key to building and serving those markets. Through
innovation in energy products and investment in de-
ployment, businesses can create jobs and supply mil-
lions of people with the tools they need.
Challenges Achieving energy for all is becoming increasingly af-
fordable with the advance of new technologies. How-
ever, we cannot rely on technology alone to bring in
the investments needed. Developing countries face
the challenge of fostering investments by getting their
policies right and providing a business enabling envi-
ronment to catalyse investment. Participants agreed
that a key element to drive development forward is
governments’ ability of creating conducive environ-
ments for investments in renewable energy. Further-
more, it is essential that projects are able to integrate
and build on existing local markets and create in-
creased income for every supplier along the value
chain.
Recommendations Participants agreed on the following:
• Ensuring universal access to modern energy ser-
vices is vital; however increased access to renew-
able energy must be prioritised;
• Energy efficiency provides a key issue in deliver-
ing energy for all;
• Delivering energy for the poorest entails the abili-
ty to integrate the supply chain, hence projects
must use the entire value chain as entry points;
• Developing countries need to work to develop an
encouraging investment environment by facilitat-
ing access to enterprise capital.
40
IN CONVERSATION
Green Job Creation
Panellists: Luis Alberto Moreno, President, Inter-American
Development Bank (IDB)
Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Chairman, Global Green
Growth Institute (GGGI)
Keung Hwan Kim, Executive Vice President & CTO,
Samsung C&T Corporation.
Moderator:Achim Steiner, Executive Director, United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP)
Framing contentIn this session Participants explored opportunities and
challenges for the creation of “green jobs” in the tran-
sition towards a green economy. There was a general
agreement amongst participants that the debate must
be part of an overall focus on ensuring countries´ and
companies´ general competitiveness.
OpportunitiesGreen growth can create new sectors and new mar-
kets, triggering new jobs, but it is a matter of striking
the balance right between technology push caused by
policy regulations and market-driven innovations. A
global transition to a low-carbon and sustainable econ-
omy can create large numbers of green jobs across
many sectors of the economy, and indeed can become
an engine of development. Policymakers around the
world increasingly recognize that adopting sound envi-
ronmental policies can promote.
ChallengesMuch of the attraction of ‘green’ growth to politicians
and policy-makers is the apparent promise of job crea-
tion. Throughout the discussions Participants empha-
sised the complexities in defining green jobs and
measuring to what extend these are actually “new
jobs” or rather “old jobs” redefined. In the case of Ko-
rea’s green transition, Mr Kim referred that the Korean
Labour Institute estimates that only 1/3 of jobs are
new, green jobs, while 2/3s are jobs where the role has
just changed. Thus the creation of new green jobs
should be measured against the total net jobs.
Another challenges brought to the table was the con-
cern for loss of competitiveness in the transition to
green growth and green jobs. In the case of Denmark,
Mr Løkke Rasmussen argued, the many costly green in-
vestments made over the years have resulted in a situ-
ation where Denmark now suffers from lack of compet-
itiveness. Therefore, there is a need for more
international cooperation on regulation to create equal
level playing field.
RecommendationsParticipants agreed on the following:
• Policy regulations and sustainable growth strate-
gies are key to leverage green investments and a
green path way;
• Call for further international cooperation to create
equal level playing field for national businesses.
For instance investing in a truly European frame-
work for a single energy market/European smart
grid;
• Developing a business model for green growth is
extremely important to positively push business-
es to create greener investments and thus green-
er jobs;
• We must not look at green job creation apart or
isolated from general competitiveness discus-
sions. We need to link it to creation of skills, define
general business environment, competition and
free trade in general to create a net pool of new
jobs.
41
IN CONVERSATION
Water Security
Panellists: Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, Chairman, Nestlé
Fahed Bin Mohammed Al-Attiyah, Chairman, Qatar
National Food Security Programme and Organizing
Sub-Committee
Moderator:Dominique Waughray, Senior Director, World
Economic Forum (WEF)
Framing contentWater security is one of the most tangible and fast-
est-growing social, political and economic challenged
faced today. It plays an important catalysing role in the
growth of a country, enabling the development of key
economic pillars, such as food production, energy sup-
ply and industrial growth. During the session partici-
pants sought to address the complex challenges and
opportunities of water security and explore how it is
intrinsically linked to economic growth across a nexus
of issues.
Opportunities Governments can play a role in setting frameworks, but
many other stakeholders have a role to play in deliver-
ing solutions. This challenge means that coalitions are
required: public private partnerships focused on meet-
ing the water security challenge. Sustainable water
saving technologies are available and - with the right
incentives - ready to be applied. The agricultural sec-
tor, being the biggest consumer of water resources,
already has the technologies available to dramatically
reduce water consumption. However, wrong policies
and wasteful incentives, are delaying the introduction
of these new technologies. Participants agreed that
there are great opportunities for public private part-
nerships in the water area – also in developing coun-
tries. However, the appropriate regulatory framework
must be in place in order to encourage such coopera-
tion.
Challenges Water will be our biggest challenge over the next few
decades, not because of climate change, but because
of population growth and economic development.
Whether and how a government chooses to tackle
these difficult questions has important implications
for economic growth, development and long-term
competitiveness of a country. Political systems are
slow in responding and responses can be inadequate
or directly harmful. Panellist agreed that silo-thinking
in governments and institutions is hampering sustain-
able utilisation of water resources. For far too many
years “water people” have been talking to “water peo-
ple” only.
Recommendations Participants reached the following conclusions:
• We have the technologies to overcome water
shortages but policies are not in place to facilitate
the needed investments;
• The water-energy-food nexus approach is an im-
portant step forward ;
• There must be political commitment at the high-
est level to increase water efficiency to attract
the required investments;
• Governments must improve their regulatory
framework and get better organised on the water
agenda.
42
IN CONVERSATION
Renewable Energy and New Business Models
Panellists: Betty Maina, CEO, Kenya Association of Manufacturers
Vineet Mittal, Co-founder and Managing Director,
Welspun Energy
Moderator:George Kell, Executive Director, UN Global Compact
Framing contentThe renewable energy sector is expanding rapidly and
new business models are developing whereby the pri-
vate sector becomes an important partner in the provi-
sion of especially small and micro-scale solutions, in-
cluding off-grid electricity supply. In developing
countries with low energy access these systems offer
large social impacts for poor people. Incentives for fur-
ther expansion and larger scale investments from the
private sector and banks are highly dependent on na-
tional energy policies and regulations in order to se-
cure investments and remove barriers for expansion of
non-traditional energy sources.This session was draw-
ing primarily on examples from India and Kenya.
OpportunitiesAt the level of energy policy and regulations there are
many opportunities for incentivizing the expansion of
renewable energy. An example brought up from Kenya,
where the government is currently revising its regula-
tions in relation to feed-in tariffs, which will allow the
connection of decentralized energy systems to the
grid. Other opportunities lie in servicing remote areas
where the rapid expansion of mobile telephones has
spurred the installation of small, privately owned solar
power systems.
On a larger scale, industries which can make a profit
from decreasing the ‘environmental footstep’ of their
products have incentives for increasing the share of
cleaner energy in the production, as the example from
one of India’s largest textile industries showed.
Govern ment policy can also spur the expansion of re-
newable energy through cross subsidizing as the case
in India, where investments in traditional thermal en-
ergy based on coal is ‘bundled’ with requirements for
investments in renewables.
ChallengesThe energy policies and regulations in many countries
do not provide the required incentives and security for
investors in the renewable energy sector. A major bar-
rier to the expansion of renewable energy and for in-
vestments in energy efficiency therefore lies in the
challenge of financing. Other issues pertain to land
ownership in areas where the installation of for exam-
ple large scale solar power plants may be feasible. In
remote areas the installation of basic infrastructure, as
for example in Kenya, where plans to install large scale
wind power face difficulties due to poor or no access
roads for transport of equipment. The choice of energy
solutions may in some cases be influenced by powerful
agents such as the oil industry leading to a bias against
renewables. In terms of access to technology, a chal-
lenge in India lies in local governments’ requirements
to ‘local content’ whereby the technology used must
be (full or partly) based on local products. This may
prevent the use of latest technology and prevent
access to finance.
RecommendationsParticipants reached the following conclusions:
• Governments play a big role in ensuring that ener-
gy policies and regulations do not discriminate
against the expansion of renewable energy in the
overall energy supply matrix, and in ensuring that
the sector becomes attractive for private sector
investments;
• The concept of ensuring energy for all holds large
potential for renewable energy expansion and has
many social impacts. Focus on energy should
therefore be placed high on the overall develop-
ment agenda and we should look further at how to
spur local economic development;
• Further research in renewables (both technology
and mapping of e.g. potentials for solar and wind
power) is required in order to provide cost-effi-
cient solutions.
43
IN CONVERSATION
Capital MarketsPanellists: Michael Liebreich, CEO, Bloomberg New Energy
Finance
Morgan Herve-Mignucci, Senior Analyst, Climate
Policy Initiative (CPI)
Moderator:Mark Halle, Executive Director, International
Institution for Sustainable Development (IISD)
Framing contentThe transitioning to a green, climate resilient economy
will require significant investment. The financing
sources from public sectors are limited and there is an
urgent need to attract financing from the private sec-
tor. In this session Participants examined the challeng-
es in mobilizing capital flows for the transition towards
a green economy, focusing on how to change the cur-
rent environment, in order to incentivize private-sec-
tor financing from banks and capital market for green
growth.
Opportunities Sustainability is an asset; sustainably is becoming an
important part of companies’ core strategies and in-
vestors are looking for opportunities to develop sus-
tainable businesses. However, green financing often
tends to be seen as an environmental factor only. Par-
ticipants agreed that there is a need to combine the
economic, social and environmental aspects of these
drivers. Sustainability is not only about the environ-
ment, but about taking into account the triple bottom
line of economic, social and environmental factors.
Challenges The public investments are not going to have the suffi-
cient effect alone, and thus there is a need for private
funding – engagement of the capital markets. This
needs to be driven mobilized by innovative financing
mechanisms and smart public policy. Despite the ever
emerging interest in green initiatives asset allocation
of capital markets to such green investments remains
low. Participants agreed that the high risk perceptions
of green markets are still hampering green investment
at scale. It is crucial that these (real or perceived) risks
need to be addressed and risk mitigation strategies de-
veloped in order to reassure investors. The risk assess-
ment must show an upside to an investment. Other-
wise the private sector will never have the sufficient
incentives to engage and invest in green growth.
Recommendations Participants agreed that in order to engage the capital
markets in green growth the following needs to be ad-
dressed:
• The risks: Important to clearly define who will
bear the risk. It must become safer – thus more at-
tractive- for business to invest in green growth.
One possible solution is to share the risk between
the public and the private sector such as the Dan-
ish case of PFA-Pension, Siemens and the Danish
Government;
• The incentive environment: Incentives need to be
altered to get the capital market interested in in-
vesting in green growth. At the moment the risks
are too high;
• The policy environment: Policy and regulatory re-
forms must shift the incentives and the risk pro-
files of the capital markets so that financing of the
green economy becomes commercially viable;
• Innovations in financing systems: There is a need
for more knowledge on capital markets and inno-
vative financing models. This knowledge needs to
be mainstreamed. Calls for in depth examining in
future 3GF-sessions.
44
IN CONVERSATION
Economic Growth StrategiesPanellists: Connie Hedegaard, Commissioner for Climate
Action, European Commission
Soogil Young, Chairman, Presidential Committee on
Green Growth, Republic of Korea
Moderator:Mattia Romani, Director, Global Green Growth
Institute (GGGI)
Framing contentThe session brought together business and political
leaders in an informal dialogue on the possibilities for
reconciling growth and global environmental con-
cerns. Discussions focused on the question of how to
cope with the needs and requirements of an ever
growing population without depleting global resourc-
es, how to ensure job-rich growth, and how to en-
courage investments in green growth technologies.
The panellists agreed that the increasing needs of
the global population – such as the need for 50 pct.
more food, 35 pct. more energy and 30 pct. more wa-
ter by 2030 – can only be met through green growth.
Several examples were given - including air pollution
levels in Mexico City and the melting of glaciers in the
past 50 years - to prove that the current “brown-
growth” model is collapsing. It was generally agreed
that governments and politicians have the obligation
to move their economies beyond the “short-term’ism”
of the current growth model and enforce a stronger
focus on long-term sustainability through policies,
rules and regulations.
OpportunitiesThe participants felt that green growth is not a con-
tradiction in terms, as argued by some. Rather, strong
synergies exist between “green” and “growth”. Gov-
ernment regulation to protect the environment will
often generate business opportunities and create the
foundation for new comparative advantages in the
longer term. This is increasingly recognized - also by
businesses - and the export successes of first-mover
countries were highlighted to prove the point. Such
green growth models require, however, that govern-
ments get targets right, get prices right, get incentive
structure right and get policy frameworks right. Only
then will investments in green innovations and tech-
nology be attractive to the private sector.
ChallengesParticipants and panellists alike felt that the current
economic crisis poses a major challenge to the con-
cept of green growth as it reduces the funds available
for investments in green technologies. However, it
was also argued that the real challenge is not how to
end the current economic crises, as this will happen
sooner or later due to the general economic cycles.
Rather, it was felt that the real challenge will be to
ensure a job-rich recovery. Research has shown that
the green sector – renewables, waste and energy ef-
ficiency – has the potential to create 5 million jobs in
the EU alone, thus highlighting the need to kick-start
investments in this sector.
The panellist also questioned whether it will be
possible to ensure continued growth as countries
grow richer. World Bank figures were cited to prove
that annual average growth rates in rich countries
have declined since the 1960s. In these rich coun-
tries, it was argued, it might be better to change
focus from economic growth as measured by GDP
towards improvements in the quality of life and gen-
eral well-being.
RecommendationsKey recommendations from the session were the fol-
lowing:
• The notion of growth might need to be revised.
GDP-measurements cannot stand alone; parame-
ters such as pollution costs need to be taken into
account as well ;
• The current economic crisis needs to be over-
come, not by focusing on growth alone, but by
ensuring investments in the green economy,
thereby creating high-quality, job-rich and sus-
tainability growth;
• Time has come to turn the burden of proof to
those arguing for business as usual, not on those
advocating for green growth: Is there any evi-
dence that the brown economy will be able to
ensure continued growth?
45
IN CONVERSATION
Country SessionsMorocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
47
Morocco
Panellists: Musthapha Bakkoury, President and Chief Execu-
tive Officer, Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy
(MASEN)
Saïd Mouline, Director General, Agency for Energy
Efficiency and Renewables (ADEREE) and President of
the Green Economy Commission of the General
Confederation of Moroccan Enterprises
Najib Saab, Secretary General, Arab Forum for
Environment and Development (AFED)
Nena Stoiljkovic, Vice President, International
Finance Cooperation (IFC)
Moderator:Adnan Z. Amin, Director General, International
Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
With a new renewable energy law and a national re-
newable energy plan in place, the stage is set for a
massive green growth transition in Morocco. Besides
focusing on energy efficiency and grid development,
the government will mainly focus on greening the pow-
er generation sector. The new production capacity will
be based on national resources, which mainly implies
hydro-, wind- and solar power. Participants agreed that
Moroccan green growth transition will only be possible
through partnerships involving public, private, institu-
tional and financial investors across all levels.
Participants discussed the following points:
Morocco as a first mover in the MENA region: Broad recognition of the visionary moves by Morocco.
The country has started its transition to green growth
from the right point of departure by looking at policies
and regulative frameworks. Participants highlighted
the need to focus more on the opportunities and pros-
pects for furthering the regional collaboration. A coor-
dinated regional approach would also mitigate some of
the social, economic and political risks that are often
associated with going green and removing inefficient
and unsustainable subsidies. A coordinated approach
was considered particularly relevant in the wake of the
Arab spring and the current global economic crisis.
The Ourzazate case: The Ouarzazate solar power
plant is an excellent example of a public-private part-
nership, also including bilateral and multilateral part-
ners, financial institutions and wealth funds. Partici-
pants shared best practices on designing, planning and
financing a project of this scale.
Financing: The variety of, and complexities in, nation-
al concessional loans and grants was discussed in de-
tail. Participants examined how international coopera-
tion can enhance the quality of public-private
partnerships similar to the Moroccan examples. It was
highlighted that the issue was most often not lack of
finance, but rather lack of coordination, capacity and
know-how. The International Finance Cooperation sig-
nalled interest in contributing more to educating fi-
nancial institutions on risks, space, schemes and in-
struments available for doing green growth
investments.
Potential partners: There was a general interest in
learning from the Moroccan experiences across the
value chains. Representatives from the Ivory Coast
showed interest in visiting Morocco to discuss and
share best practices. The African Development Bank,
The International Finance Cooperation and the Inter-
national Renewable Energy Agency where all keen to
explore the possibility of partnering up with Morocco
and other interested partners.
Innovations in financing systems: There is a need
for more knowledge on capital markets and innovative
financing models. This knowledge needs to be main-
streamed. Calls for in depth examining in future
3GF-sessions.
48
Country session
China
Panellists: Wang Zhongying, Deputy Director General, Energy
Research Institute, National Development and Reform
Commission (NDRC)
Qin Haiyan, Secretary General, Chinese Wind Energy
Association (CWEA) and General Director of China
General Certification Center (CGC)
Xie Zhengwu, Vice General Manager, CECEP Consult-
ing Company
Wang Gang, Vice General Manager, Yingli Group
Wang Yao, General Manager, Longyuan (Beijing) Solar
Engineering Technology Corporation
Bi Yaxiong, Executive Vice President, China Three
Gorges Corporation
Zhang Zhengling, Director, Development and
Planning Department, State Grid Corporation
Moderators:Shi Lishan, Deputy Director General, National Energy
Administration (NEA)
Jonathan Sinton, China Programme Manager, Interna-
tional Energy Agency (IEA)
The panel presented and discussed China’s plan to
push ahead in greening its energy system, the associ-
ated business opportunities and the experiences of
public-private interaction in planning and implementa-
tion.
Participants discussed the following points:
New energy demands: After many years of conven-
tional energy sources, China’s growth has challenged
the country to find ways to green its energy system to
stem the resulting rise in carbon emissions. Its drive for
renewables has led to a remarkable growth in installed
capacity as well as the development of an associated
industry. China’s 12th Five-year Plan presents signifi-
cant goals for more sustainable energy solutions fo-
cusing on renewable energy. There was agreement
that it was not only a question of securing supply – de-
mand must also follow and energy consumers, includ-
ing businesses, must be encouraged towards a more
sustainable energy mix.
Need for coordinated action to live up to ambi-tious goals: Although progress has been made to
transform China’s energy mix towards more sustaina-
ble solutions, the progress is too slow – renewable en-
ergy accounts for only 8 % of China’s energy consump-
tion. Obstacles include problems of scale, distribution
and guaranteeing the sources. With growing industries
it will be difficult to reduce current energy consump-
tion. Significant action is needed and the speed of the
current power structure transformation must be in-
creased to meet the 12th Five-year Plan.
New Energy Demonstration Cities as specific ini-tiatives: As part of its energy strategy in the 12th
Five-year Plan, China plans to have 100 new energy
demonstration cities (NEDCs) by 2015. To become a
NEDC, a city must make full use of local renewable en-
ergy sources including solar (PV), wind, geothermal or
biological. The energy consumption must be a bal-
anced mix with a high proportion coming from local re-
newable energy sources. Possible microgrid systems to
complement the current systems. Examples of NEDCs
include Dezhou (solar), Wuhu (biomass) and Huheha-
ote (mixed). Partnerships between local government
and business key to success as well as cooperation
with overseas companies and governments.
49
Country session
50
Country session
Turkey
Panellists: Mehmet Ceylan, Deputy Minister of Development,
Government of the Republic of Turkey
Rachel Kyte, Vice President, World Bank
FeyhanYaşar, Chairperson, Turkish-Danish Business
Council under the Foreign Economic Relations Board of
Turkey and Vice Chairperson, Hedef A.S
Moderator:Sibel Güven, Managing Director, Economic Policy
Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV)
The term green growth is rather new in Turkey. Howev-
er, this does not mean that nothing has been done on
this front so far. The government has championed ef-
forts in greening the Turkish economy and increasing
the implementation of PPPs in several areas. Framing
the session, the Deputy Minister for Development of
Turkey, Mehmet Ceylan, presented key points from Tur-
key’s coming 10th National Development Plan, which is
currently under preparation. Special attention was giv-
en to the place of renewable energy and energy effi-
ciency.
Participants discussed the following points:
Potential for green growth in Turkey: The inclu-
sion of sustainable development as a cross cutting is-
sue in Turkey’s national development has led to green
growth even though it was not the explicit purpose.
The government has set the target to increase the
share of renewable sources to 30% in Turkey’s total
electricity production and increasing energy efficiency
by 20% until 2020. In order to reach these targets the
government offers generous incentives for green in-
vestments.
Strengthening public-private partnerships: The
ambition of Turkey to be among top 10 economies and
its plans to turn towards renewable energy cannot be
realized by the government alone but necessitates
partnerships with the private sector. Participants high-
lighted that there is a need for targeted public invest-
ments to prepare the field for private actors. Most PPPs
have been undertaken with central government agen-
cies, but it is important to include the regional level
into the green growth agenda alongside with the pri-
vate sector. The establishment of the Turkish Regional
Development Agencies was mentioned as possible
platform for accelerating green growth through pub-
lic-private collaboration.
Some barriers to be overcome: The green growth
agenda has important lessons to learn from experi-
ences with trade liberalization around the world: There
will be winners and losers and changes can be espe-
cially hard on rigid labour markets. Participants empha-
sized that it is essential to prepare and enhance the
skills of the work force in Turkey to adjust to green
growth in order to reduce the negative effects. The
cost of doing business and the low capacity of the pub-
lic sector were also mentioned as barriers to the green
growth transition.
Increased sectorial approach: There is already a
history of PPP’s in Turkey to build on. Public-private
collaborations have been carried out in energy produc-
tion, transmission, transportation, municipal services
(water supply and sanitation), and agricultural sector.
However, the current legal framework needs to be
strengthened and new sectors need to be included,
e.g. the mining sector.
51
Country session
Indonesia
Panellists: Balthasar Kambuaya, Minister for the Environment,
Government of the Republic of Indonesia
Bapak Gusrizal, Senior Vice President, Pertamina
Seethapathy Chander, Director General, Asian
Development Bank (ADB)
Moderator:Jeremy Oppenheimer, Director, McKinsey and
Company
The Indonesian Minister for the Environment present-
ed the country’s regulatory framework and policy ob-
jectives for the energy sector, including the Vision
25/25 on energy diversification and energy mix (25 %
renewables by 2025). State-owned Pertamina, Indo-
nesia’s integrated oil, gas and petrochemical company,
presented the Integrated Renewable Energy Roadmap
and outlined concrete initiatives in support of the gov-
ernment’s Vision 25/25 in areas such as biofuels, geo-
thermal, CBM, wind energy potency mapping, and
waste to energy technologies. Asian Development
Bank highlighted some of the main opportunities and
challenges for Indonesia in years to come, including
demographic and social pressures and rising energy
demands.
Participants discussed the following points:
Development of the energy sector: The Indonesian
government has already shown a clear political com-
mitment at the highest level to pursue clean energy
objectives - both at the policy level and in terms of con-
crete initiatives. Thus the regulatory framework is in
place.
Challenges: Challenges remain in terms of existing
energy subsidy schemes, capital allocation, and de-
mands for expanded energy infrastructure. Oil and gas
will continue to be the main energy source in years to
come.
Public-Private Partnerships: Participants agreed
that PPP’s can be an important instrument in pursuing
the Indonesian government’s clean energy objectives.
However, it was also raised, that Indonesia will not
reach renewable energy target without support from
international partners.
Urbanization: Indonesia is facing continuing urbani-
zation and demographic pressures. There was a gener-
al agreement that it is important to find sustainable
solutions to increasing demands for infrastructure and
electricity. Furthermore Participants agreed that coop-
eration on ‘Green Cities’ could be an important way for-
ward for Indonesia.
52
Country session
Germany
Panellists: Karsten Sach, Deputy Director General, German
Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and
Nuclear Safety
Caio Koch-Weser, Vice Chairman, Deutsche Bank
Group
Simon Brooks, Vice President, European Investment
Bank (EIB)
Moderator:Rick Samans, Executive Director, Global Green
Growth Institute (GGGI)
The session focused on the German power sector
transformation plan, locally known as Energiewende.
Germany has started phasing out the use of nuclear
energy, and the reasoning behind this decision was
presented as a threefold strategy: The German Gov-
ernment wishes to 1) maintain energy security and at
the same time 2) improve the climate situation. Finally
the strategy is to 3) maintain long term economic
growth and employment. The session also shared best
practices on how the political and financial support for
Energiewende was developed.
Participants discussed the following points:
The importance of “popularization”: There was
general agreement that in order to accomplish a task
as monumental as the German project it is necessary
to communicate the project to and attain the support
of the population as well as the private sector/inves-
tors. The project must come across as attractive and a
national consensus for change should be built. The
German Government is investing a large amount of re-
sources to this end.
Investments: Annual investments in renewable en-
ergy are needed to the tune of 30 billion Euros.
The importance of ensuring a politically stable environment: There was a general consensus that a
stable political environment is of crucial importance for
the implementation of a project of the German magni-
tude.
The need to expand electricity transmission nets: A central challenge is to expand the German
transmission nets and storage capacities to reflect the
foreseen increase in the reliance on renewables.
Public-private partnerships: The German project
offers new opportunities for PPP’s. Many semi-official
enterprises have already become involved.
Nightmare scenario: A nightmare scenario would un-
fold if by 2015 – 2016 no major results have been
achieved under the project and energy prices rise.
53
Country session
Brazil
Panellists: Carlos Augusto Klink, Secretary of Climate Change
and Environmental Quality, Ministry of Environment,
Brazil
Oded Grajew, General Coordinator of the ‘Our Sao
Paulo Network’ and of the Sustainable Cities Program
and President Emeritus of Ethos Institute of Business
and Social Responsibility
Sergio Eduardo Weguelin Vieira, Deputy Managing
Director of Environmental Division, Brazilian Develop-
ment Bank (BNDES)
Luis Alberto Moreno, President, Inter-American
Development Bank (IDB)
Moderator:Tom Heller, Executive Director, Climate Policy
Initiative (CPI)
The panel presented and discussed Brazil’s policies
within the area of green growth and highlighted strat-
egies to include and engage relevant sectors, not least
the private and financial sectors in the efforts to pro-
mote green growth. The importance of technology de-
velopment and change of production methods was also
emphasized.
Participants discussed the following points:
A targeted political effort is needed to make the change to green growth: Brazil is a principal global
player in food and energy production that are funda-
mental to climate change. Brazil should work to reduce
its 2020 projected emissions by between 36 – 39%,
through: plans to reduce deforestation and forest deg-
radation in the Amazon and Cerrrado biomes; sector
plans for energy efficiency, low carbon agriculture, in-
dustry, mining, transportation, and health; the estab-
lishment of a climate change fund; the creation of a
Brazilian market for reduction of emissions.
Technology development is key: The introduction
of new technologies and new production methods in a
range of sectors is a key factor for ensuring green
growth. It was raised by Participants, that Brazil has
the scale needed for the introduction of new technolo-
gies and for testing new approaches. Moreover new
technologies and methods have an added value in
making industries more efficient and competitive. Ac-
cess to financing is very important, and south-south
cooperation can help the dispersion of new technolo-
gies and methods.
New incentives important to attract partners for green growth: In order to promote green growth it is
necessary to get a range of new players on board, in-
cluding the private and the finance sectors. This calls
for new approaches to making green growth actions
attractive, including both push and pull incentives.
Among the approaches discussed were 1) the need for
a more realistic resource pricing 2) making sustainabil-
ity a factor in the competition for political office 3) and
higher ranking of companies that do well on green
growth factors.
Breakfast SessionsFood Futures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Green Innovation Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Biofuels for Aviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Green Business Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Green Growth Best Practices Initiative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Hydrogen for Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
List of Participants 3GF2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
55
56
breakfast session
56
Food FuturesA staggering 24 % of all food calories grown today is
lost or wasted between the farm and the fork. But a
“war on food waste” has yet to be fully waged. Now is
the time to do so, particularly as global demand is rising
and food prices are hitting historic highs. Participants
discussed how cooperation between the public and
private sectors will be an important part of that strate-
gy. They asked themselves “how can public-private
partnerships be leveraged to reduce food loss and
waste? What lessons can be learned from PPP experi-
ence on other issues? And what role could organisa-
tions in the audience play?”
Participants highlighted the following points:
We need a movement: Reducing food loss and waste
is one of those issues that “seems like a win-win-win”
for the economy, environment, and people (producers
and consumers), but there is not a rallying cry to move
on it like there is on some other issues. The opportuni-
ty seems ripe for a “movement” to tackle food loss and
waste.
Some key success factors to keep in mind: Partici-
pants described a number of key success factors on
PPPs that would be applicable to a PPP to tackle food
loss and waste, namely: Find partners with comple-
mentary competencies, set a shared target (even if you
don’t know yet how to get there), measure progress,
tackle both production and demand sides of the equa-
tion, capture the imagination of those who need to act
(via images, statistics), engage policymakers, leverage
private sector (e.g., food manufacturers, retailers) to
influence behaviours of consumers and farmers, mobi-
lize people via social networks and more.
What gets measured gets managed: Although
some basic figures on food loss and waste exist, data is
still sparse by country and by company/value chain.
What is needed is the development and widespread
use of a protocol for quantifying food loss and waste.
Once countries and companies measure how much
(and where in the value chain) food is lost or wasted,
they are likely to be motivated to take steps to curtail
the loss/waste. Developing such a protocol would be a
good PPP, akin to what WRI did on greenhouse gases
with the WBCSD.
A few words of caution: Participants shared a few
words of caution when it comes to entertaining a new
PPP on food loss and waste:Only do a partnership if it is
absolutely necessary. Transaction costs of partnerships
can be high.
• One needs to scope the boundaries of such initia-
tive tightly; otherwise it gets too broad and un-
wieldy. Participants mentioned biofuels (a use for
food waste), off-farm food harvesting (e.g., wild
game), the food quality (nutrition) issue, etc.
• Be able to identify what value to the table a global
PPP would bring that isn’t being met by the local
efforts that exist
Moderator:Andrew Steer, President and CEO, World Resources
Institute (WRI)
Panellists:Mette Gjerskov, Minister for Food, Agriculture, and
Fisheries, Denmark
Peder Tuborgh, CEO, Arla Foods
Fokko Wientjes, Director of Sustainability, DSM
Dominic Waughray, Senior Director, World Economic
Forum (WEF)
Craig Hanson, Director, People & Ecosystems
Program, World Resources Institute (WRI)
Organiser of the initiative:Craig Hanson, Director, People & Ecosystems
Program, World Resources Institute (WRI), chanson@
wri.org
57
breakfast session
57
Green Innovation ProjectParticipants discussed cultivating innovation ecosys-
tems and looking beyond technology transfer to en-
courage greater levels of innovation in developing
countries. Various national and regional initiatives
were highlighted, and discussion focused on how to
integrate these initiatives into formal processes.
Participants highlighted the following points:
Supporting developing country innovation should focus on cultivating ecosystems: Projects
need to go beyond technology transfer and build on
existing programs in the areas of trade, standards,
subsidies, research, collaborative efforts, patent
pools, etc. More support is needed for disseminating
best practices, catalysing entrepreneurship, de-risk-
ing investments, and promoting monitoring and evalu-
ation.
Danish initiatives are taking steps to fill these gaps, but constraints still exist: The Government
of Denmark aims via its bilateral development assis-
tance to inject more innovation and entrepreneurship
into the development process by facilitating develop-
ment of partnerships and combining universities, civil
society and businesses to focus on needs. The Climate
Innovation Center in Kenya was highlighted as an inno-
vative example. Constraints for these initiatives in-
clude intellectual property, trade barriers, and creating
ownership among local partners.
Mexican diplomacy and national initiatives seek to bolster formal international institutional pro-cesses: Meetings held at COP16 in Cancun under-
scored the need for technology centers. As a result, an
independent center for sustainable development was
created in Mexico, with a focus on understanding prac-
tical problems.Next steps for similar initiatives will be
to establish networks/incubators, and create better
engagement with the private sector.
There is a need to understand how innovation happens, and experiment with alternative mod-els: Need to understand how policy, technology and
markets work in conjunction with one another, and de-
termine how they fit into new markets and new areas.
The US has been experimenting with alternative mod-
els through its ARPA-E program (mainly for defence),
but also through energy innovation hubs focused on
universities, and national labs which are responsible
for translating ideas to marketplace with varied suc-
cess.
What should a technology mechanism look like to be most effective: The focus should move away from
process and toward institution, and examine the ele-
ments that need to form a top down structure for bet-
ter consistency and coverage. Important to look at ex-
isting national initiatives that are already doing this
successfully and build on best practices.
Closing discussion on integrating ideas into formal pro-
cesses: Suggestions were put forward to use the UN-
FCCC COP meetings as a platform for adopting new ide-
as; the OECD was also offered as a body that could
potentially house discussions on cooperation policies.
Moderator:Rick Samans, Executive Director, Global Green
Growth Institute (GGGI)
Panellists:Christian Friis-Bach, Minister for Development
Cooperation, Denmark
Katherine Sierra, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institu-
tion
Juan Rafael Elvira Quesada, Minister for Environ-
ment and Natural Resources, Mexico
Graham Pugh, Director, Office of International
Climate Change Policy and Technology, United States
Department of Energy
Organisers of the initiative:Katherine Sierra, Senior Fellow, Brookings
Institution, [email protected]
Rick Samans, Executive Director, Global Green
Growth Institute (GGGI), [email protected]
58
breakfast session
Biofuels for AviationAfter preliminary discussions on the current state of avia-
tion biofuels and the need for the aviation sector to look at
this energy source in the medium- and long-term, the sus-
tainable aviation biofuels group concluded on the follow-
ing action-items:
Participants highlighted the following points:
It would be beneficial for the aviation industry to formulate
a long-term road map including mapping the biofuel feed-
stock and production possibilities in numerous locations
worldwide. The roadmap should outline the key challenges
that need to be overcome in each location and clearly state
the expected timeframes for development. Importantly, it
should also determine the regulatory framework needed
to ensure the required investments and production capac-
ities to meet both aviation’s biofuel quantity demand and
price level, competitive with fossil kerosene.
The Nordic Sustainable Fuels Initiative will be used as an
inspiration for what is required on a broader basis, consid-
ering local capabilities and needs. More involvement of
multinational oil companies is a vital step to determining
the feasibility of producing, delivering and storage of large
quantities of sustainable biofuels to aviation and should
be explored further.
Different regulatory sustainability standards exist world-
wide, using incompatible methodologies e.g. for determi-
nation of lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions. In order to
allow international airlines to get recognition of their bio-
fuel use in all relevant countries, it is desirable to harmo-
nise or at least agree on mutual recognition of sustainabil-
ity standards.
Governments should be encouraged to provide incentives
for the use of sustainable fuels by the aviation sector – in-
cluding de-risking the investment of fuel partners in feed-
stock production, technical production solutions and infra-
structure development.
Governments and scientific research organisations should
be encouraged to support and provide fundings for pilot
projects, new feedstocks and production pathways.
Both intermediate and long-term framework should be
considered, taking into consideration the presently availa-
ble technologies as a stepping stone towards new technol-
ogies that provide the ultimate solution for sustainable
energy for aviation.
The PPP initiatives are imperative to reach a combination
of economic and practical solutions that assure a realistic
road map towards a sustainable aviation industry.
Some form of prioritisation of biofuels for use by aviation
(and other sectors which have no alternative to liquid fuels
in the foreseeable future) should be explored. At the very
leas t, aviation biofuels should be allowed to compete on
an equal basis with biofuels for road transport, which they
currently cannot do in, for example, Europe.
The participants agreed to set to work on formalising
these initiatives during the next 12 months, firstly within
the Nordic region but with the possibility to be expanded
towards a broader area.
Moderator:Robert Arendal, Chairman, Sustainable Biofuels
Network
Panellists:Henrik Bindslev, Vice Dean for Research, Aarhus
University
Haldane Dodd, Head of Communications, Air Transport
Action Group (ATAG)
Kristine het van Erve Grunnet, Head of Secretariat,
Danish Bioenergy Association
Jesper Nerlov, Executive Vice President,
HaldorTopsøe A/S
Martin Porsgaard, Director of Sustainability and
Environment, Scandinavian Airlines (SAS)
Seungwook Yang, President, Hyundai Motor Europe
TechnicalCenter GmbH
Organisers of the initiative:Robert Arendal, Chairman, Sustainable Biofuels
Network, [email protected]
Martin Porsgaard, Director of Sustainability and
Environment, Scandinavian Airlines (SAS), martin.
Haldane Dodd, Head of Communications, Air Transport
Action Group (ATAG), [email protected]
Kristine het van Erve Grunnet, Head of Secretariat,
Danish Bioenergy Association, [email protected]
59
breakfast session
Green Business ModelsParticipants discussed and showed how companies
can change the way they do business to focus on
sustainability and environmental protection and
make a good business case. Barriers to greening
companies were identified as well as potential meas-
ures that can support the transformation of compa-
nies’ business models.
Participants highlighted the following points:
Companies are starting to change the way they do business: There is a new global trend that is
moving fast where companies are changing the way
they do business by focusing on being socially and
environmentally responsible. However, there are still
many companies which are continuing to do business
as usual.
New ways of doing business require new val-ue-chains: As focus shifts towards the new para-
digm of a circular economy, it will be necessary to
build new value-chains. In order to reduce resources
or use them in a new way, companies and govern-
ments will have to build and act according to a new
business infrastructure.
Long-term solutions must be addressed: Markets
tend to think short-term but policy can assist in en-
hancing long term thinking through setting targets
on renewables, creating standards to promote green
solutions and regulation to encourage green busi-
ness models. New criteria for a growth model (GDP)
should be set forth to support the new paradigm of
green growth. This will require systems thinking
from governments and the development of new in-
frastructure and systems.
Scaling up and financing: In order to scale up the
use of green business models, it will be necessary to
enhance access to finance. Capital markets think
short term and are less willing to invest in costly ma-
chinery or processes in companies that want to re-
use resources or green themselves in other ways.
New business models must be developed in the fi-
nance sector to enable a green transition of compa-
nies.
Moderator:Dirk Pilat, Head of Structural Policy Division,
Directorate for Science, Technology & Industry,
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop-
ment (OECD)
Panellists:Georg Kell, Executive Director, United Nations Global
Compact
Connie Hedegaard, Commissioner for Climate
Action, European Commission
Michael Dithmer, Permanent Secretary of State for
Business and Growth, Ministry of Business and
Growth, Denmark
Peter Bakker, President, World Business Council of
Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
Ellen MacArthur, Founder, Ellen MacArthur
Foundation
Peter Madden, CEO, Forum of the Future
Henk de Bruin, Senior VP and Head of Sustainability,
Philips
Stef Kranendijk, CEO, Desso
Steen Riisgaard, CEO and President, Novozymes
Organisers of the initiative:Kristian Henriksen, Special Advisor, Ministry of
Business and Growth, Denmark, [email protected]
Natalia Glette, Senior Advisor, Nordic Innovation,
60
breakfast session
60
Green Growth Best Practices InitiativeThis session shared success stories and lessons from
green growth initiatives around the world by govern-
ments and the private sector. It also included a short
overview of the Green Growth Best Practices and dis-
cussion across the participants on priority topics for
in-depth assessment and peer learning on green
growth.
Participants highlighted the following green growth best
practices and issues where comparative analysis and
peer learning across government and business programs
could have high value.
Strong Institutional Frameworks and Political Sup-port: Denmark and the Republic of Korea have enjoyed
success with their green growth programs in large part
due to the commitment of their political leaders and to
the establishment of well-developed processes for inte-
gration of green growth into planning and budgeting pro-
cess for government agencies.
Competitiveness Value of Green Transformation.
Several businesses and governments have recognized
that green transformations of systems are required to
catalyse sustained economic growth. There is a need for
enhanced analysis and documentation of the impacts on
competitiveness of the long-term investments that busi-
nesses and governments are making in green technolo-
gies, systems, and infrastructure. This could include
compiling the best available information from around the
world on the current and projected market positioning of
these leading businesses and governments relative to
their peers who are pursuing more traditional paths. This
will also help overcome the arguments of doubters on
the cost of green growth investments.
Fostering Leadership through Innovation and Peer Pressure. Green transformation often requires a com-
mitment to policy, technology, and business innovation.
Government innovation policies, horizontal business in-
tegration, and education and recognition / peer pressure
programs are key elements for success.
Communication of Benefits. Significant effort needs
to be devoted to communicating the value proposition
for and benefits of green growth to all stakeholders to
build their support and to overcome resistance from en-
trenched interest groups.
Global Best Practice Assessment of High Value.
The participants noted strong interest in the planned as-
sessment of green growth best practices, sharing addi-
tional specific suggestions for the analysis and noting
interest in contributing as authors and in peer learning
and exchange forums.
Moderator:Ron Benioff, Director, Green Growth Best Practice
(GGBP) Initiative
Panellists:Pia Olsen-Dyhr, Minister for Trade and Industry,
Denmark
Soogil Young, Chairman Presidential Committee on
Green Growth, Republic of Korea
Michael Liebreich, CEO, Bloomberg New Energy
Finance
Dickson Giles, Vice President, Alstom
Howard Bamsey, Special Government Advisor on
Green Growth, Australia
Organiser of the initiative:Ron Benioff, Director, Green Growth Best Practice
Initiative (GGBP) and Program Manager, U.S. National
Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Global
Green Growth Institute (GGGI), [email protected]
61
breakfast session
61
Hydrogen for Transport
Signing of Nordic Agreement on market introduction of
hydrogen for transport
As part of the session a number of leading car manufac-
turers and Nordic organizations signed Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) on market introduction of hydro-
gen for transport in the Nordic countries during the peri-
od 2014-2017. The MoU Partners will actively pursue
planning of fuel cell electric vehicle deployment and roll-
out of a network of hydrogen refuelling stations in the
Nordic countries.
The signing was witnessed by the Danish Minister for
Transport, Henrik Dam Kristensen & Director of the In-
ternational Energy Agency, Bo Diczfalusy.
Soichiro Okudaira, Managing Officer Toyota Motor
Corporation states:
“The Nordic countries are already recognised as world
leaders in advanced renewable green energy such as hy-
droelectricity and wind energy. I am pleased that Toyota
has the opportunity to participate in this collaboration
seeking to advance hydrogen fuel cell technology, some-
thing we see as a vital part for the future of automobiles.
As an automotive manufacturer, we not only aim to de-
velop ever-better products to meet the needs of our cus-
tomers, our dedication to eco-mobility also stems from
our company’s fundamental principles to contribute posi-
tively to society.”
Further quotes from the MoU partners are available in the
press release:
www.scandinavianhydrogen.org/shhp/press/toyota-
nissan-honda-hyundai-sign-mou-on-market-
introduction-of-fuel-cell-vehicles-in-nord
Session included the following speakers:Introduction by Mikael Sloth, Scandinavian Hydrogen
Highway Partnership (SHHP) Chairman
Statement by Henrik Dam Kristensen, Danish Minister
for Transport,
Statement by Bo Diczfalusy, Director, International
Energy Agency (IEA)
Short statement by selected MoU partnersBy car manufacturers: Toyota, Hyundai, Honda & Nissan
By infrastructure companies: HyOP AS and H2 Logic A/S
Organiser of the initiative:Scandinavian Hydrogen Highway Partnership
www.scandinavianhydrogen.org
Opening Statements
63
Ms Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Prime Minister, Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Mr Hwang-sik Kim, Prime Minister, Republic of Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Mr Juan Rafael Elvira Quesada, Minister for Environment and Natural Resources, Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Mr Liu Qi, Vice Minister National Energy Administration, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
H .E . Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah, Deputy Prime Minister, Chairman of the Administrative Control and Transparency Authority, Qatar . . . . . . . . . . .73
Hon . Prof . Peter Anyang’ Nyong’o, Minister of Public Health, Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
64
Opening statements
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Welcome to the second Global Green Growth Forum in
Copenhagen. I am very pleased that so many prominent
representatives from governments, businesses and or-
ganizations have accepted our invitation. As we all
know, there is a need to act.
The world is moving too slowly towards a green
economy. In recent years all nations have come to-
gether on several occasions to provide common an-
swers to a common challenge: To ensure inclusive
economic growth while promoting a sustainable use
of resources.
On those occasions we have agreed on the headlines,
but we have failed to agree on specific goals and the
way ahead. The Rio+20 conference is a case in point:
we agreed on the notion of green economy, but failed
to agree on the targets that would lead us there.
We need to deal with problems such as water scarcity,
climate change and pollution. One fifth of the world’s
population is faced with scarcity of water. This year we
had the warmest summer on record in the Northern
Hemisphere. And the Arctic sea ice has shrunk to a re-
cord low. In some of the biggest cities in the world, pol-
lution prevents you from seeing the blue sky. We can-
not ignore these facts.
I want to make three observations on the way forward
towards a green economy.
Firstly, we need an action-oriented approach. At a time
where the green agenda seems to have lost momen-
tum, we want to get the process back on track and turn
good intentions into action. The top down approach
has failed to define sufficient regulation and specific
targets that will push the greening of our economies
forward.
The Danish government will continue to push for multi-
lateral solutions, but at the same time we want to act
bottom up.
That is why we are gathered once again in Copenhagen
for the Global Green Growth Forum. Because we be-
lieve it is time for action. 3GF offers a unique platform
for governments, businesses and organizations to
form coalitions that will drive the green transition for-
ward.
A Danish humorist Storm P – he is world-famous in
Denmark – once said: “Everybody is talking about the
weather; nobody is doing anything about it.” The Glob-
al Green Growth Forum is doing something about it. My
second observation is that we need to bring the private
and public sector together. I am very pleased to see so
many private sector representatives at the Forum.
CEOs from all over the world are present today and that
is a token that you share our hope and vision for a
greener and more sustainable future. And it demon-
strates the economic potential of public-private part-
nerships. The private sector is absolutely critical for
turning words into deeds. To ensure sustainable eco-
nomic growth.
My final observation is that we need to forge alliances
on green growth that bridge the divide between the
developed and developing world. The 3GF partner
countries underline my point.
The governments of Denmark, Mexico and Korea
launched the 3GF last year. Today, I am proud to wel-
come three new partners: China, Qatar and Kenya. At a
quick glance, we might not seem to have a lot in com-
mon: we cover the whole spectrum of development.
We are situated on four different continents. And our
energy mix varies substantially. But we share a com-
mon ambition: to ensure sustainable economic growth.
I look forward to the debates today and tomorrow. And
the dialogue will continue, including in the framework
of new partnerships that will be launched in the com-
ing days. I already look forward to welcoming you back
next year in order to follow up on the work and discus-
sions initiated at the Green Growth Forum.
Thank you.
Opening Statement by Ms Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Prime Minister, Denmark
66
Opening statements
Your Excellency, Ms. Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Prime
Minister of Denmark, Excellencies,
Distinguished Participants,
I am veryhonored to be here to witness and celebrate
with all of you the remarkable advance and spread of
green growth.
To date, green growth has certainly become an exem-
plary strategy to simultaneously address climate
change and achieve economic growth.
In the course of pursuing green growth, the Republic
of Korea and the Kingdom of Denmark/ have further
consolidated our relations. During President Lee
Myung-bak’s state visit to Denmark last year, our two
countries established the Green Growth Alliance. It is
an alliance based on common perception of the prob-
lem, common sense of direction and common view for
the future.
This has led our two countries to collaborate, beyond
the bilateral level, on a global scaleby initiating the
Global Green Growth Forum and through our partner-
ship in the Global Green Growth Institute.
I would like to take this opportunity to convey my sin-
cere congratulations to the Danish government for
having successfully organized the second 3GF meet-
ing.
Distinguished participants,
The main theme of this forum, “Resource Efficiency,” is
very relevant and timely. It is not by chance that “Re-
source Efficiency” has been referred to as the fifth en-
ergy source. It represents a realistic but powerful
measure for addressing resource exhaustion, mitigat-
ing climate change and, ultimately, contributing to the
achievement of green growth.
The implementation of resource efficiency, of course,
requires concerted efforts of all stake-holders, includ-
ing governments, companies, and civil societies. In this
sense, allow me to share with you the efforts each
stakeholder is making in Korea to improve resource ef-
ficiency.
The Korean government has included resource effi-
ciency as a major element in its green growth policies.
The Korean Presidential Committee on Green Growth,
which I chair, worked out the ‘Five-year National Plan
for Green Growth’ and the ‘Roadmap for 27 Core Green
Technologies’ with much emphasis on this element.
The government has also set up the ‘Energy Efficiency
Bureau’ in the Ministry of Knowledge Economy to coor-
dinate relevant national efforts. In response to these
government initiatives, Korean companies have been
exerting many efforts on their part/ to develop a wide
range of energy efficient technologies. These include
LEDs, secondary batteries, low emission green cars,
eco-friendly buildings and smart grids. Many of them
are now more than prototypes and are applied at an
industrial and commercial scale.
Also, Korean companies have taken considerable ef-
forts in cooperation with the government to develop
Eco-Industrial Parks where one industry’s waste
stream can be used as raw materials by another.
All of these efforts by the government and companies
are being supported by enhanced public conscious-
ness on resource efficiency. Increasing number of our
citizens are adopting a low-carbon green lifestyle.
Carbon labels are found on almost all products, while
many citizens are now familiar with green cards and
green stores.
Opening Statement by Mr Hwang-sik Kim, Prime Minister, Republic of Korea
67
opening statements
I am happy to discuss with you all these efforts we are
making in Korea.
At the same time, I look forward to learning more from
you about your efforts, achievements and best prac-
tices.
Distinguished participants,
Let me now turn my perspective from national to glob-
al level.
Resource efficiency, a crucial element for Green
Growth, is an agenda that should be addressed not
only domestically but also through global efforts and
mechanisms, such as this 3GF and the GGGI.
I am very pleased to observe that these global mecha-
nisms for Green Growth are working well.
The Global Green Growth Institute will be converted
into a full-fledged international organization with its
17 founding member countries participating in the in-
augural meeting to be held in Seoul on 23 October.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all
like-minded countries who share the vision and com-
mitment of the GGGI, and would also like to request
your continued support for its success.
In particular, I hope the 3GF will work more closely with
the GGGI.
For instance, it would be excellent for all of us if the
GGGI hold a session in the 3GF next year to share its
best practices to promote public-private partnership
for green growth in developing countries. Talking
about global mechanisms, let me turn briefly to the
Green Climate Fund/ agreed upon at the 16th Confer-
ence of Parties of the UN Framework Convention on
Climate Change which was held in Cancun in 2010. Ko-
rea is firmly committed to the cause of the Climate
Change Convention and believes that it can make a
unique contribution as a bridge among developing,
emerging and advanced economies.
It is by the same token/ that Korea now wishes to host
the Secretariat of the GCF. We often talk about synergy
we can get from putting together policy, technology
and finance. We already have the GGGI and the Green
Technology Center in Korea, standing for policy and
technology, respectively. If we can host the GCF Secre-
tariat in Korea, we will be able to complete the green
triangle which will create synergyof policy, technology
and finance.
Excellencies,
Distinguished Participants,
It was only last month that President Lee Myung-bak
came to visit this beautiful country and Greenland.
One of the things President Lee observed in Green-
land, unfortunately, was the unmistakable signs of the
climate change in progress.
It falls upon all of us to slow and stop such a progress.
Let me conclude by expressing my hope that the ideas
and commitments emerging from our discussions at
this second 3GF will inspire us to take concrete actions
to cope with this global challenge together and achieve
‘The Future We Want’ for us, for our children/ and the
generations to come.
Thank you very much!
68
Opening statements
Honorable Ms. Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Prime Minis-
ter of Denmark,
Honorable Mr. Hwang-sik Kim, Prime Minister of South
Korea,
Honorable new members of the 3GF,
Ladies and gentlemen,
I am honored to address you again this year at the
Second edition of the Global Green Growth Forum, on
behalf of President Calderon. -He regrets not being
with you and sends his best wishes for a successful
event.
I thank the government of Denmark for their kind invi-
tation, and congratulate the Organisers for succeed-
ing again in gathering leading actors who are paving
the way to make inclusive green growth the standard
way of life.
The current economic and environmental crises have
inspired leading visionaries from all over the world, to
launch and pursue innovative initiatives to tackle both
crises.
Inclusive green growth offers diverse opportunities
for win-win gains from the economic, social and envi-
ronmental perspectives.
Amongst the different answers, the 3GF stands today
as one of the most important forums to pursuit green
growth from a public-private approach.
Mexico joined this initiative last year convinced of the
great potential of the 3GF. The 3GF has been opera-
tional to build up collaborative nets of action for pub-
lic and private sectors to transit to low carbon econo-
mies. It has also been influential for catalyzing
synergies amongst different processes and initiatives,
to embrace the path towards green growth.
Mexico´s presence in this initiative is a reflection of
our belief that through this Forum we build action to
fight climate change and transit towards a greener
economy.
In December 2010, Mexico hosted the Cancun Cli-
mate Change Conferences, which provided an oppor-
tunity for the international community to reach cru-
cial agreements such as the formalization of the
Green Climate Fund and the fast start financing
commitment. COP-16 appealed also to formulate na-
tional Low-Emission Development Plans, recognized
REDD+, decided to create technological and adapta-
tion instances, and committed to keep the average
increase in global temperature below two degrees
centigrade.
During its Presidency to the G20 this year, Mexico in-
cluded inclusive green growth as a priority. Amongst
the different outcomes from Los Cabos Summit, we
now have:
• A report that incorporates green growth and sus-
tainable development in structural reform agen-
das and reaffirms our commitment to reduce fos-
sil fuel subsidies;
• Methodological packages to help developing
countries design their own green policies accord-
ing to their circumstances; and
• A proposal for a partnership with the private sec-
tor to promote financing initiatives for sustaina-
ble development.
Mexico is as well an active promoter of other initia-
tives as the OECD Green Growth Strategy; the UN
green economy initiative; the Green Growth Knowl-
edge Platform launched in Mexico City in 2012, and
the Green Growth Action Alliance (G2A2) launched by
the Business 20 (B20) in Los Cabos, Mexico last June.
Opening Statement by Mr Juan Rafael Elvira Quesada, Minister for Environment and Natural Resources, Mexico
69
opening statements
Walking firmly towards a green economy in Mexico has
been at the center of our National Development Plan
2007-2012, and different public policy instruments
have been implemented.
For instance, we have built a strong institutional basis
to addressing climate change through the creation of
an Inter-ministerial Commission on Climate Change
(2005), a Special Program on Climate Change (2009-
2012) and lately the enacting of a new legislation that
has brought Mexico to the forefront of climate change
legal frameworks.
Mexico’s General Law on Climate Change coordinates
actions from public and private sectors, as well as civil
society to tackle this challenge. The law also confirms
our target of reducing Green House Gas Emission 30%
by 2020, and 50% by 2050 from the 2000 level, condi-
tional to international financial support.
A few days ago, President Calderon announced the fi-
nalization of our Fifth National Communication to the
UNFCCC. We report to the international community that
we are decupling our greenhouse gases emissions from
economic growth: between 1990 and 2000 the Mexican
economy grew 2.5% while our emission only grew 1.5%.
The business sector has been key in bringing our
greenhouse gas emissions down. Our Leadership for
Environmental Competitiveness Program involves the
participation of over thirty five hundred companies in
eco-efficiency practices. Between 2006 and 2011
these companies avoided 19.6 million tons of CO2, rep-
resenting 10% of the total emissions from the private
sector identified in our Climate Change Program.
One of the most valuable contributions of the 3GF is
the richness of bringing together forefront-runners in
the promotion of a more sustainable path of growth. I
would like to take this opportunity to welcome China,
Kenya and Qatar as new partners to this relevant fo-
rum. Their participation will enrich our dialogue from a
developing country perspective.
Mexico shares and promotes the 3GF vision to boost
synergies between forums and processes.
Only by adding, combining and coordinating efforts we
will accentuate the progress.
I wish you all a very fruitful second 3GF.
70
Opening statements
Honorable Ms. Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Prime Minister
of Denmark,
Deepen Renewable Energy Industry Cooperation,
Achieve Green Growth by Joint Effort
Dear Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,
I am very pleased to be invited for the 3GF. As the
whole international community jointly addressing fi-
nancial crisis and green economy, today we are here
again in Copenhagen, with representatives from politi-
cians, enterprises, and international organizations, to
discuss the strategy for global green growth, and the
plan for the green industry development. Because we
know such an important forum will greatly and signifi-
cantly contribute to global economy recovery, and to
the global economic, social and environmental sustain-
ability.
As we can understand, the key theme of green growth
shall extend the integration, harmonization and sus-
tainability of the economic development, social culti-
vation and ecological improvement. Green growth shall
not only need to transform the energy production and
utilization patterns, but establish the matched eco-
nomic and social activity patters, finally achieve the
harmonization between human being and nature. To-
day, we are confronted with severe challenges of ener-
gy and environment globally. It already becomes the
global trend and common understanding to keep to-
ward green growth. Many of the countries in the world
put renewable energy into a very high priority and re-
gard it as important measures for green low carbon de-
velopment, integrating green concept and connotation
into energy policy development process. As I know,
some countries have developed energy transition
strategy and planned the future development. Den-
mark is the most advanced country among the EU
members to improve green industry regarding renewa-
ble energy technology and renewable energy industry,
always as a world leading country. In the last few years,
China and Denmark have developed very close and
deep cooperation in the field of renewable energy, esp.
significantly for the wind energy resource assessment,
wind power grid integration, etc.. We witnessed the re-
newable energy cooperation achievements in both
countries. We also believe that such cooperation will
certainly contribute to global green growth.
Currently, China is in the process of economic develop-
ment pattern transformation. China government will
pay a high attention to renewable energy develop-
ment. And it will regarded as one of the most measures
to address energy development pattern transition, en-
ergy mix adjustment, green house gas emission reduc-
tion, and sustainable development. China keeps accel-
erating the renewable energy market liberalization
through legislation such as publicizing the Renewable
Energy Law, renewable energy development planning,
as well as economic incentive instruments. Now, re-
newable energy already played a very important role in
energy supply system and important new strategic in-
dustry in China. Currently, China is the most significant
country for wind power growth. By the end of 2011,
the accumulative wind power installation has reached
47GW, with annual electricity production 71.5 billion
kWh. In the year 2012, China wind power keeps stable
increase, with an estimation of new installation about
15GW. Therefore, accordingly, by the end of 2012, wind
power installation will exceed 60GW in China with an-
nual electricity production about 100 billion kWh. Solar
power market quickly response in China with feed-in
tariff and economic instrument, supporting the solar
energy product and technology utilization. By the end
of 2011, the accumulative application for solar PV has
reached 3 GW, and over 5 GW new installations annual-
ly in the last few years. In the same time, we actively
support national demonstration projects in different
areas. We conduct the new energy city demonstration
project and green energy county demonstration pro-
ject to promote renewable energy application both in
Opening Statement by Mr Liu Qi, Vice Minister, National Energy Administration, China
71
opening statements
city and rural areas. To address the grid integration is-
sues, we conduct the micro grid demonstration project.
All these projects have demonstrated the advantages
of renewable energy to green growth among different
areas in China.
With the fast growth of renewable energy develop-
ment in size, the industry and market has formulated in
China. For wind power, many Chinese enterprises re-
searched more than 5MW wind turbines, and the main
components, gear box, generators, blades etc. have
also been industrialized and localized. For solar PV,
pulled by national and international market, the solar
PV cell manufacturing and industry chain was quickly
established, and the PV modules and power cost went
down significantly. Therefore, solar PV power become
more and more competitive and started scale up. It
shall be acknowledged that China’s renewable energy
development did contribute greatly to global renewa-
ble energy development and prosperity.
We just publicized the 12th five year planning for re-
newable energy development. This Planning identifies
the priorities and tasks of renewable energy develop-
ment during the year 2011 to 2015. By 2015, we devel-
op the objectives for renewable energy. Wind power
will reach 100GW, solar power will reach 21GW and the
total non-fossil fuel will reach 478 million tons of
standard coal equivalent, increased by 200 million
tones of standard coal equivalent compared with the
year 2010. We are quite confident that China will be-
come one of the largest countries regarding the devel-
opment and utilization size for new installed renewa-
ble energy in the world.
China is a large developing country and at the critical
stage of industrialization and urbanization.Also China
is faced with severe energy and environmental issues.
Therefore, China is making every effort to achieve
green growth through controlling energy consumption
cap in a reasonable way, increasing energy utilization
efficiency, developing renewable energy. And relevant
policy making and project development are adopted
and implemented. We are so pleased many countries in
the world is willing to and also they do proceed with
the same objectives and hand in hand. However, there
is also some non-harmonized voice in the process. The
trade issues surrounding China’s renewable energy
product come out in an endless stream. We are sure
such issues have already hit the global renewable en-
ergy scale up at a deep and wide level. Obviously, nei-
ther are various trade protection actions in line with
the global efforts to promote green growth, nor inter-
national free trade codes, even more direct harm to
their civil benefits. Some countries ignore the fact that
China’s economy is highly marketized and industry is
emerged into international system. They abused trade
protection tools and as result, they harm others but
still cannot benefit themselves. The only thing they
can get is hinder the international enabling environ-
ment to support green growth.
Renewable energy is a great career for all the human
being’s benefits. At its early stage, small scale and
weak risk abatement capacity need joint efforts by in-
ternational community and establish the fair market
order. In the context of prosperous renewable energy
development in the world, we hope all the countries
jointly be active and provide substantial actions to sup-
port renewable energy development, contribute to
green growth.
Here I would suggest in the following three points:
1. develop technology cooperation and speed up the
global economy and industry integration. Globali-
zation is the main stream in the world economic
development. The international specialization
and cooperation in various sectors is continuous-
lystrengthened. The need for the international
technology transfer and the commodity interna-
72
Opening statements
tionalization is accelerating the global economy
and industry integration. To strengthen the inter-
national technology cooperation for shall greatly
benefit the international flow of the essential
productive factors and efficiently allocate the re-
sources, speed up the global economic and indus-
trial integration and improve the sustainable and
healthy economic development.
2. remove trade protection barriers and promote
free move of renewable energy technology and
product in the global market. Free and easy trad-
ing system shall be promoted and various trade
protectionism shall be opposed. Policy and regula-
tions for free trade shall be developed and imple-
mented globally, trade protection barriers shall be
removed, the advanced and economical renewa-
ble energy technology and product shall be pro-
moted to create a strong global renewable energy
industry.
3. speed up and improve the global cooperation
mechanism, and create an enabling environment
for global technology transfer. The global cooper-
ation system shall be established and improved
quickly and an enabling environment for global
technology transfer shall be created, to promote
technology innovation and technology transfer,
flow and circulation. The developed countries
shall implement the commitment of technology
transfer and financial grant under the global cli-
mate change framework, help the developing
countries to develop clean energy technology and
industry, accelerate global renewable energy
technology transfer. Therefore, renewable ener-
gy industry could be blooming quickly in the world,
and contribute to global energy system transition
as well as economic development.
Ladies and gentlemen, to develop renewable energy is
the important option to address global climate change,
create new and strategic industry, and achieve eco-
nomic strategy transition, as well as the guarantee to
global economic and social sustainability. We do need
make efforts hand in hand to promote renewable ener-
gy industry development and achieve global green
growththrough wide and effective international coop-
eration and actions.
Exchange generates common understanding, which
promote cooperation, which in turn results in all-wins. I
sincerely hope all the representatives make full use of
the Forum for wide exchanges and deep discussions.
All your knowledge and intelligences will transfer the
creative ideas and actions plans to promote global
green growth.
Finally, wish the success of the Forum!
Thank you.
73
opening statements
Prime Minister THORNING-SCHMIDT,
Prime Minister KIM,
Minister ELVIRA QUESADA,
Minister MURUNGI,
Vice-Minister LIU QI,
YourExcellencies,
Distinguished guests,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
It is a great pleasure for me to participate today in the
opening ceremony of the 2012 Global Green Growth
Forum.
Please allow me to first thank our host, the Govern-
ment of Denmark, for their warm welcome in this beau-
tiful city of Copenhagen.
Madame Prime Minister, it is really wonderful to see
you.
Thank you also to the Organisers of 3GF for putting to-
gether such an impressive event.
The State of Qatar is honored to be joining as a partner
country and looks forward to supporting this important
initiative in the future.
In just over a year, 3GF has established itself as a lead-
ing platform for discussion and collaboration around
green growth.
In fact, the Forum has already made an outstanding
contribution to the way we conceptualize the neces-
sary transition towards a more sustainable global
economy.
Most importantly, 3GF is acting as a real catalyst in ex-
ploring how leading businesses, investors and key pub-
lic institutions can come together and deliver on the
promise of green growth.
As a veteran of the energy and water sectors, I can only
underscore the necessity of involving the private sec-
tor in solving the huge social and economic challenges
that lie ahead of us.
Whether it be in developed, developing or emerging
countries, it is now apparent that the public sector sim-
ply cannot and will not do it all alone.
Equally, it is crucial to recognize that sustainable de-
velopment should be everyone’s obligation and con-
cern – not simply that of national governments or pub-
lic institutions.
Business and industry indeed have a lot to contribute
to an effective transition towards a green economy:
skills, know-how, R&D, or even implementation capa-
bilities.
Potentially, they also have a lot to gain from it.
In my eyes, green growth represents both a responsi-
bility and an opportunity for the private sector.
And I congratulate the Global Green Growth Forum for
reminding us of that.
But I am also speaking to you this morning as the in-
coming President of COP18/CMP8.
As you all know, Doha will be the host of this year’s Con-
ference.
Very much in line with the spirit prevailing here today, I
can assure you that “outcomes” will be our top priority.
For the time of implementation has come.
And the optimism coming out of Bangkok needs to be
Opening Statement by H .E . Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah, Deputy Prime Minister, Chairman of the Administrative Control and Transparency Authority, Qatar
74
Opening statements
sustained through concrete action and clear commit-
ments now.
Ladies and gentlemen,
What is true for green growth is certainly true for cli-
mate change.
The private sector, industry leaders and investors have
to play a more active role in the COP process.
Climate change is a global challenge that will require
creative and bold answers: answers that rise above the
borders of nation states; the boundaries between aca-
demia and industry; and the walls isolating the public
and private sectors.
I am here to assure you that the State of Qatar will con-
tinue to work diligently to bring together all interested
parties in a manner that is transparent, inclusive and
pragmatic.
We look forward to welcoming you to Doha at the end
of November.
Thank you very much, once again.
75
opening statements
Your Royal Highness Frederik Andre Henrik Christian,
The Crown Prince of Denmark;
Your Excellency, Helle Thorning-Schmidt, The Prime
Minister of Denmark;
Your Excellencies, Heads of State and Governments
present;
Ladies and Gentlemen;
I would like to thank the Government of Denmark for
inviting me to this Forum. Kenya has embarked on an
ambitious low carbon growth programme with an ex-
tensive green economy programmes being currently
implemented.
Kenya continues to be challenged by the impacts of cli-
mate change which are now devastating our economic
base and causing untold harm to our populations. Cli-
mate change has not only caused rising temperatures
and drastic changes in weather patterns; it has also
brought new challenges in disease control thereby
hampering our match towards a green economy. These
challenges have forced Kenya to seriously begin to ad-
dress the issue of climate change in the context of
green growth. In mitigating these adverse climatic im-
pacts, Kenya is undertaking the following:
1. 1. Continued to create awareness on mitigation
and adaptation to enable us assume a low carbon
development pathway.
2. 2. Operationalized Climate change action plans af-
ter the promulgation of a Climate Change Re-
sponse Strategy;
3. 3. Reviewed the Feed in Tariffs Policy on renewa-
ble sources of electricity.
4. 4. Engaged the private sector in addressing the
need to grow green, create jobs and sanitize our
population.
5. 5. Invested on new green energy generation pro-
jects using geothermal, wind, solar and minihy-
drogenerations.
6. 6. Increased investments on off grid solar and
minihydro generation and
7. 7. Increased our expenditure in capacity building
8. In doing all these, the government is mindful of
the critical role of private sector and the need to
conserve our environment for sustainable devel-
opment.
Excellencies,
Ladies and Gentlemen:
In our attempt to follow a low carbon development
pathway, we have encountered a number of challeng-
es. These include:
1. The comparatively higher initial costs of taking up
green growth pathways and therefore their ina-
bility to compete with present conventional activ-
ities especially in the context of a weak economy
like Kenya’s.
2. Limited access to capital by the entrepreneurs,
and where they can access it, our inability as a
government to issue sovereign guarantees.
3. Low returns on green investments.
4. Lack of a national valuation methodologies for
green economy generated goods and services to
enable their value relative to conventional natural
resources like gas, oil, gold etc. and modalities of
factoring them decision making sought.
5. Lack of capacity to plan, develop and implement
green economy projects in all sectors of our econ-
omy and ;
6. Lack of incentive methodologies to attract actors
in public and private sector to invest in green
economies.
Excellencies,
Ladies and Gentlemen;
There is immense opportunity for us to sustainably de-
velop our countries and regions by embracing Green
Growth economic models. But we cannot do so by
Opening Statement by Hon . Prof . Peter Anyang’ Nyong’o, Minister of Public Health, Kenya
76
Opening statements
chance but by choice and the time is now. Our efforts
must be cooperative and collaborative. Business and
other private sector actors must work with govern-
ment to bring about this very positive change. The
governments on their part must put in place the legal,
and policy frameworks that provide the enabling envi-
ronment for business to thrive in the renewed ap-
proach of growing green economies. The promise is
that there are plenty of business opportunities and
money to be made. We should be prepared to hand our
future generations a better tomorrow by embracing a
green growth pathway. It will require focus, patience
and long term planning.
The international community will have to move in a co-
ordinated and consistent manner if we are to realize
Global Green Growth. Trade policies must support ef-
forts to ensure sustainable use of natural resources.
Modalities of minimizing exploitation of natural re-
sources, but maximizing the recurrent benefits must
be sought. Developing countries must lead the way in
this approach and if need be incentives be provided to
stimulate green growth projects; savings from reduced
resource exploitation should be used to balance the
deficit accruing from incentive provision. We request
our development partners in our modest efforts to
“Grow Green”.
These efforts need to start now, and we should move
together as partners in this noble effort. We should
develop workable and a clear support schemes for
those countries that want so desperately to adapt
green economic growth; more so the developing econ-
omies.
I Thank You For Your Attention
3GF Dinner speechBy Mr . Jeremy Oppenheim, Director, McKinsey & Company
78
80
3GF Dinner Speach
This is an abridged version of an address delivered by Jeremy Oppenheim at the 2012 Glob-al Green Growth Forum
The adverse consequences of pursuing an economic
growth model that is heavily dependent on the Earth’s
natural resources are often rehearsed. It is widely con-
ceded that the escalating cost of extracting many re-
sources could threaten future growth—harming the
prospects of the world’s poorest most—and that irre-
versible environmental effects are likely.
Less rehearsed is the evidence that a new, resource-ef-
ficient model is taking shape. Around the world there
are exciting examples of how to decouple growth from
resource consumption, drive penetration of renewable
energy, and reduce pressure on land by boosting agri-
cultural productivity. Just ten years ago these ideas
were barely conceivable. The “green economy” was a
notion cherished mostly by environmentalists, the
technologies were still in the lab, and investors who
cared about the environment were restricted largely to
ethical funds. But slowly and surely, a new, resource-ef-
ficient model is going mainstream.
Therein lies the problem. The speed of the transition
from the twentieth-century growth model is far too
slow. It is slow because of the weight of legacy capital—
both financial and political—invested in the old model.
But the world economy and the environment cannot
spend another 50 years in transition, locking in an in-
frastructure of resource-intensive buildings, power
plants, and transport systems. A step change is needed
in resource productivity, from carbon and energy
through to water. The good news is that a quicker path-
way from the old economic model to a new one is al-
ready apparent, with the green economy’s early suc-
cesses helping to show the way. But great leadership
will be required to ensure that this path is taken.
The Twentieth-Century Model of GrowthAs the global economy expanded some 20-fold through
the twentieth century, resource requirements expand-
ed anywhere between 600 to 2,000 percent, depend-
ing on the resource. Consider the demand for energy,
which sits at the heart of all resource systems. In 1900,
the world used 35 exajoules of energy: the equivalent
of the annual electricity consumption of South Korea,
or the annual supply of power from 35 GW nuclear
plants. By 2000, the world was using more than 500
exajoules a year. And if the global economy continues
to grow at its current rate, it will use 670 to 700 exa-
joules a year by 2030. This would require the world
economy to invest in about 3,000 additional GW power
stations.
How did the world get hooked on such a resource-in-
tensive model of growth? Simply, because it was
fuelled by a century of declining resource costs. As de-
mand for resources expanded, supply expanded even
more.
Technology, as ever, played a big role. Exploration, pro-
duction, transportation, and conversion technologies
all improved by 1 to 2 percent year-on-year in terms of
their efficiency. In agriculture for example, grain yields
increased by just over 2 percent per annum from 1961
to 2000, largely as a result of greater use of fertilizers
and capital equipment, and the diffusion of better
farming technologies and practices. Over 100 years,
that makes a huge difference in resource supply, with
supply-side productivity increasing anywhere from
two to seven times over the period.
There was also a massive expansion in the “resource
frontier”. In the twentieth century, the world doubled
the amount of land under cultivation, largely at the ex-
pense of forests. Massive new oil fields came on-
stream, especially in the Middle East but also in Alaska,
the North Sea, and Mexico. The Ghawar oil field in Saudi
Arabia, which came on stream in 1948, has alone pro-
duced more than 6 percent of the world’s oil supply for
50 years. And in the mining sector, the development of
the Pilbara iron ore deposits and major Chilean copper
reserves underpinned relatively low metals prices
through the second half of the twentieth century.
A Roadmap for Making Green Growth the New Normal
81
3GF Dinner Speach
Moreover, resource production has been persistently
subsidized, at a cost of $1 trillion to $3 trillion a year—
the lower end of the scale if only direct subsidies to
energy, agriculture suppliers, and fishing fleets are
considered, but well over $3 trillion if the depletion of
natural capital, whether through unsustainable deple-
tion of aquifers, over-fishing, accelerated loss of bio-
diversity, or un-priced carbon emissions are taken into
account. Given the interests at stake, public and pri-
vate, unwinding these subsidies will be a herculean
task.
The result of these three factors is that the world
economy, and particularly advanced economies, got
hooked on low resource prices. Policy makers and
business leaders took their eye off the resource pro-
ductivity ball.
Last year, McKinsey produced a report under the title
“Resource Revolution: meeting the world’s energy,
materials, food and water needs”. Its aim was to un-
derstand whether the twentieth-century model of
economic growth could be played again in the twen-
ty-first century. Could the world just repeat the trick?
The report examined the potential to meet ever-grow-
ing demand for resources and discovered a simple
problem. Even though exploration keeps on finding
more resources in the ground or under the ocean
floor, they are increasingly expensive to extract. The
great resource finds of the 1950s and 1960s have all
peaked. And as remaining resources become less and
less accessible, the costs of supply increase, steeply.
The marginal cost of oil production today is estimated
at around $60 a barrel, with prices pushed significant-
ly higher owing to the way the oil market works. By
2020, if demand were to grow in line with historic
trends, to about 95 million barrels a day, the marginal
cost of production would be more than $100 a barrel.
Unless oil markets were to be fundamentally restruc-
tured, the market price would be closer to $150 a bar-
rel, with a significant risk of prices spiking to more
than $200 a barrel. There are large uncertainties in
these estimates. But at this price, oil would place such
a tax on economic growth that the twentieth- century
model could come under considerable pressure.
The same picture is true for just about every major re-
source. Even where, in theory, there is abundant sup-
ply—in iron ore, for example—sources are often locat-
ed far from the markets and in poor, remote, and
environmentally challenged regions. Over the past
decade, mining costs across major commodities in-
creased on average by 15 percent a ton, owing to
higher energy prices and geological factors such as
declining ore grade, increasing strip ratios, and deep-
er mines. The marginal cost of production for many
mining commodities could be three times higher in
2020 than it is today. And to those who argue that
iron ore prices have fallen significantly over the past
year—and decreased during the financial crisis by
about 30 percent—the riposte is that they are still
more than 5.5 times higher than they were at the turn
of the century.
Increased energy and mineral prices (including for the
phosphates critical for agriculture), coupled with more
variable weather conditions, will also affect food pric-
es. For poor rural households, which typically spend
more than two-thirds of their income on energy and
food, higher prices can make the difference between
the chance to save just a little, to send their children
to school for an extra year, to try out a new seed – or
not do so and stay at subsistence level. For the 50 mil-
lion new entrants to the urban middle class worldwide
each year—people who spend about $10 per capita a
day, 40 to 50 percent of it on food and energy—higher
prices knock them all the way back into urban poverty.
High and volatile prices are only one challenge to the
twentieth-century model of resource-dependent eco-
nomic growth. Another is the scale and speed with
which we are eroding our natural capital.
With respect to the climate, we are on track to reach
CO2 concentration levels of 600 to 700 parts per mil-
lion (ppm) by the end of the century, way above the
450 ppm, 2 degree “stabilisation” target the Intergov-
ernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has put for-
ward. The consequences of climate change are al-
ready visible in the Arctic, which this year reached its
lowest level of summer ice cover (4.3 million square
km) since formal records began, lowering its reflective
power and hence exacerbating global warming driv-
ers.. At the same time, the Arctic ice is thinning by 17
percent a year (according to the latest NASA data) and
more generally oceans are acidifying, weakening the
regenerative capacity of the coral reefs.
82
3GF Dinner Speach
These are not the only environmental and natu-
ral-capital challenges that we face.
• According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organ-
ization (FAO), some 25 percent of fish stocks are
over-exploited and another 50 percent are fully
exploited. For the one billion poor people who
depend on fish for protein, this spells an enor-
mous risk.
• Our forests are challenged. Aside from on-going
deforestation, prolonged drought—as experi-
enced in Brazil in 2005—has the potential to turn
forests from carbon sinks into carbon sources.
• There is continued soil erosion. Land degradation
affects more than 20% of the world’s arable
land. The severity of the degradation varies, and
therefore the extent of yield loss. We estimate
that 30 million hectares would be needed to
compensate for an overall loss of productivity.
• The current rate of species extinction is approxi-
mately 1,000 to 10,000 times the natural “back-
ground” rate . There are only five other periods in
the planet’s history when species extinction has
been this high, all during mass extinction events
such as that which hit the dinosaurs.
The reason for this kind of depredation of the planet’s
natural capital is straightforward: a resource-inten-
sive model of economic growth. In future, society will
need to learn to operate a global economy in which
there is a direct clash between what it takes, in terms
of resource supply, to secure continued economic
growth and improve the prospects of those who still
live in poverty, and the need to avoid the potentially
irreversible environmental damage that will arise
from further exploitation of those resources. We live
on the knife-edge between these two competing
forces.
The Transition EconomySociety always adapts, and an economic response to
the dilemma is already under way. The world is be-
coming more resource-efficient, and simultaneously
is on the cusp of a wave of new, clean-technology in-
novation.
First, resource efficiency:
• The energy required to produce a ton of steel
has fallen by more than 30 percent over 25 years
(Wirtschaftsvereinigung Stahl).
• The CO2 required for 1 KWh of European power
production has fallen by 20 percent over 15
years (IEA).
• The efficiency of water-use in agriculture – the
global “drop-per-crop”— has halved over 50 years
(FAO).
• In US aviation, fuel requirements per passenger
mile have halved over 25 years (US Department
of Transportation).
• A fridge in the United States is 50 percent big-
ger than it was 30 years ago, but its annual en-
ergy consumption has more than halved (US As-
sociation of Home Appliance Manufacturers).
• Computing efficiency in terms of energy used —
computations per KWh—has doubled every two
years (Stanford University).
• The fuel economy of vehicles has increased on
average over the past 30 years from about 20
miles a gallon to about 30 miles a gallon. Over
the next 15 years it is possible that the new
CAFE (corporate average fuel economy) stand-
ards in the United States will mean that fuel
economy will increase from 30 to almost 50
miles a gallon—an improvement worth 7 million
to 10 million barrels of oil a day if the standards
were deployed globally. If it were possible to
achieve that level of productivity improvement
across the whole economy—in buildings, data
centres, industry, and agriculture—we would
have a productivity revolution on our hands.
Second, clean-tech innovation:
• Last year, over $250 billion was invested in re-
newable energy, more than 45 percent of total
investments in new capacity in the power sec-
tor.
• The cost of solar power is falling dramatically,
following its own version of Moore’s law. Ten
years ago, it cost more than $5 per watt. Now, it
is fast approaching $1 per watt, a price point at
which, at least in high insolation regions, it will
be competitive, unsubsidized, with other sourc-
es of retail power supply.
• LED lighting uses less than 20 percent of the
power of incandescent light bulbs. If the whole
world were to switch overnight to LED light
bulbs, the world’s total power requirements
would fall by about 6 percent, the equivalent of
300 GWs of installed capacity.
83
3GF Dinner Speach
• Batteries are plunging in price. Today, they cost
more than $500 per KWh. In ten years, they are
likely to have halved in price. When that happens,
and energy storage becomes cheap, the impact
will be comparable to that of rechargeable batter-
ies on mobile telephones.
• Agriculture is experiencing the start of a green
revolution, with new seeds, microbial fertilizers,
bio-pesticides, and soil regeneration technolo-
gies, not to mention the expanded use of geneti-
cally modified organisms.
• More controversially, the world is entering what
the International Energy Agency calls the “golden
age of gas”, owing to rapid advances in horizontal
drilling and artificial stimulation. The benefit, as
evidenced by declining US greenhouse gas emis-
sions, is that relatively clean, cheap gas can dis-
place coal in power systems around the world. The
danger, aside from local environmental risk, is
that the world remains locked into a fossil-fuel de-
pendent economy.
Efforts to increase resource productivity, allied with
better-performing technology, are likely to spawn a
dozen or more new markets worth more than $100 bil-
lion by the mid-2020s. For example:
• The low-carbon power market, which combines
renewable energy with smart grids, is set to be
worth more than $1 trillion by 2025.
• The energy storage market, for the electrification
of transport and network modernization, should
be worth at least $100 billion by the mid-2020s.
• The building efficiency market, from smart win-
dows to passive heating and cooling systems, is
likely to be worth well over $100 billion a year by
2020.
• The market for more resource-efficient agricul-
tural production systems will likely be worth at
least $100 billion by the mid-2020s.
• In almost every sector, new business models will
emerge based on the logic of a “circular economy”,
with less waste throughout product life-cycles.
Collaborative consumption could become the
norm rather than the exception over the coming
decades. For example, car clubs such as Zipcar
work well in more compact, urban settings with
decent mass transit systems. The Ellen MacArthur
Foundation estimates that in the European Union
alone, the shift to a circular economy could be
worth up to half a trillion dollars a year, a massive
opportunity for business innovation.
The prospect of resource-efficient markets of this size
is evidence that the economic growth model is in tran-
sition. The challenge is to supercharge that transition.
LEADING THE NEW GROWTH MODEL – A PRACTICAL
ROADMAP
There is no secret about what is required: the right
technology and a great deal of capital to develop and
deploy it. But how can these things be brought to bear
at speed?
Answers can be found within the examples of large-
scale, resource-efficient infrastructure projects that
already exist, or are in the process of being built, and
new, sustainable business models that are being oper-
ated. For example:
• Germany has helped to create a global market for
solar power.
• South Korea is driving the smart grid deployment
on the island of Jeju.
• Mexico has transformed its domestic appliances
market by encouraging households to dispose of
inefficient fridges.
• Brazil is building the world’s most advanced
bio-fuels industry, 1,000 km away from the Ama-
zon.
• China is investing $125 billion over the next five
years to build metro systems in 25 high-density,
resource-efficient cities.
• Denmark continues to pioneer electric vehicles
and wind power.
The success of such programs typically depends on
three, closely related mechanisms: faster technology
development, which by necessity often means a high
degree of public-private collaboration; a revised view
of the risks of resource-efficient investments; and pol-
icies that reward resource productivity.
Faster technology development, often through pub-
lic-private collaboration
The sooner resource-productive technologies are de-
veloped and deployed, the sooner they will become
more efficient, and hence cheaper and more widely
used, making old assets and business models redun-
dant. This scale-up pattern is not the sole preserve of
resource-efficient technologies, of course. But what
marks these out is the amount of capital often re-
84
3GF Dinner Speach
quired, tending to rule out reliance on venture capital
or private equity. The finance required to build 500 or
1,000 offshore wind turbines is of a different order
than, say, investing in a new social media platform.
McKinsey’s Resource Revolution report estimated that
investments worth $3 trillion per annum would be re-
quired to build a resource-efficient growth model.
A high degree of public-private collaboration may
therefore be required to raise enough capital for a rap-
id transmission to a new growth model. The Climate
Policy Initiative, an organization that supports low-car-
bon growth, assessed the characteristics of some $350
billion of climate finance in 2011, and found that al-
most all of it was funded by public-private collabora-
tions.
A revised perception of riskClosely related to the challenge of raising the neces-
sary capital is, of course, the perceived risk of investing
in resource-productive technologies at scale. As long
as they are regarded as high-risk projects—because the
technology is not well understood or future govern-
ment policy is uncertain—old-model thinking puts them
out of bounds for many institutional investors. That
thinking needs to change. Investors need to consider
the longer-term prospects of resource-hungry assets,
and whether investments in the new growth model
display superior risk-return characteristics. The chal-
lenge lies in accelerating the transition.
Public-private collaboration will help. The participation
of public bodies, which can cover the highest-risk
tranches of an investment, signals their commitment
to the future success of the technology, lowering the
perceived risk for private investors. Even in the United
Kingdom, which has some of the world’s deepest capi-
tal markets, the government has set up the Green In-
vestment Bank to lower perceived risks and leverage
private sector funds into green infrastructure projects.
The investment community also has a leadership, ac-
tivist role to play. Investors and analysts need to pro-
vide a sharper analysis of the financial risks (including
stranded asset risk) associated with resource-heavy,
polluting assets and infrastructure. They can also push
for new accounting standards and higher transparency
on these risks (e.g. contingent carbon liabilities), and
for greater emphasis on resource productivity bench-
marks when analyzing corporate performance. The
more trenchant the analysis, the faster the thinking
will take hold. But it will also be abetted by the third
transition requirement: public policies that reward re-
source productivity.
Policies that reward resource productivityIt is incumbent upon business leaders and entrepre-
neurs to drive resource productivity throughout the
supply chain, and to design business models that de-
ploy new, cleaner technologies at scale. But business
needs the backing of policies that send strong, consist-
ent signals about this agenda. The rules of the game
need to be designed so that resource productivity is
rewarded, resource-efficient companies and business
models can out-compete those that waste resources,
and resource-efficient infrastructure crowds out inef-
ficient infrastructure. This will happen only with the
right market incentives, be they pricing arrangements,
mandates that support early-stage market develop-
ment, or tax regimes that allow for a more rapid depre-
ciation of new clean assets. These market incentives
need to extend all the way through into stronger prop-
erty rights, valuation mechanisms and other forms of
protection for the natural capital on which our civilisa-
tion depends.
Leading the transitionIt is likely that much of the drive to establish a new eco-
nomic model will come from countries that are experi-
encing the fastest economic growth, as argued by Pro-
fessor Benjamin Friedman in his 2005 book, The Moral
Consequences of Economic Growth. These “new
growth” economies, which are less attached to the old
growth model, are growing up with a different set of
technological opportunities and are still relatively free
to shape their physical infrastructure. They do not
have to put down resource-heavy, polluting assets that
bind them to the past. Their fast growth also means
they have more scope to persuade established inter-
ests to invest in more resource-efficient technologies.
And many are more willing to use state institutions,
such as national development banks, to invest in na-
tion-building, to shift risk perceptions, and to help
overcome coordination failures, having a more flexible
view of the respective roles of the state and private
sector. In short, they have an astonishing opportunity
to mobilize capital, entrepreneurs, and technology
from around the world as partners in building the new
economic model.
85
3GF Dinner Speach
None of this should suggest that those in “old growth
economies” can sit back and watch. They will need to
challenge some of the deepest assumptions underpin-
ning the twentieth-century growth model, and use
their institutional and technological capabilities and
financial firepower to be effective partners in building
a global economy fit for the challenges of our time.
Throughout history, great challenges have inspired
great, transformative leadership. And what could be a
greater, world-class challenge than the task of estab-
lishing a model of economic growth that can deliver
both widespread prosperity and responsible planetary
stewardship? The roadmap for accelerating the transi-
tion to that model is clear. It needs to be followed by
governments, businesses, and the investment commu-
nity.
Participants
86
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job Title
22030 Water Resources Group Anders Berntell Executive Director
44E EMSA Conrad Brunner Operating Agent
AABB Mats Holmberg Head of Public Affairs/N Europe
ABB A/S Claus Madsen Managing Director & Country Manager
Accenture Bruno Berthon Global Managing Director
ADEREEE, Morocco Saïd Mouline Director General
African Development Bank (AFDB) Aly Abou-Sabaa Vice President Sector Operations
Agency for Energy Efficiency and Renewables (ADEREE)
Said Mouline Director General
Air Transport Action Group Haldane Dodd Head of Communications
Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Labs Thierry Van Landegem Vice President
Alstom Dickson Giles Vice President of Environmental Policies and Global Advocacy
Arab Forum for Environment & Development (AFED).
Najib Saab Secretary General
Arla Foods amba Peder Tuborgh CEO
Arup Mark Watts Director
Asian Development Bank (ADB) Seethapathy Chander Director General, Regional and Sustainable Development Department
Ateneo de Manila University Manuel A. J. Teehankee Ambassador / Professor
Australia, Government of the Commonwealth of
Howard Bamsey Special Advisor on Green Growth
BBangkok Metropolitan Admin. Panyalaln Thawonrat Senior Advisor
Bloomberg New Energy Finance Michael Liebreich Chief Executive
Bogota, City of Suwana Muhamad Secretary of Environmental Affairs
BRAC Fazle Hasan Abed Founder and Chairperson
BRAC Asif Saleh Senior Director
Brazil, Ministry of the Environment, Government of the Federative Republic of
Carlos Agusto Klink Secretary for Climate Change and Environmental Quality
Brazil, the Embassy of, in Copenhagen Paulo F. Pinheiro Machado Second Secretary
Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) Sergio Eduardo Weguelin Vieira Deputy Managing Director of Environmental Division
Brookings Institution Katherine Sierra Senior Fellow
87
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job Title
CC40 Cities Amanda Eichel C40 Director of Initiatives
C40 Cities Terri Wills Director of Global Initiatives
C40 Climate Leadership Group Rohit Aggarwala Special Advisor to the C40 Chair
Carbon Trust James Wilde Innovation and Policy Director
CECEP Consulting Company Xie Zhengwu Vice Manager
Céspedes Juan Manuel Diosdado Managing Director
Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF)
Kate Hampton Executive Director
Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF)
Michael Jacobs Advisor, Climate Change
Chile, Government of the Republic of Jose Luis Balmaceda Ambassador and Director General for Environmental Affairs
Chile, Government of the Republic of Waldemar Coutts Minister Counsellor
China Development Bank Zaixing TAN
China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI)
Jian SU Vice President
China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI)
Lingzhi ZHU Vice Chief Engineer
China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI)
Kang MA R&D Engineer
China General Certification Center Haiyan QIN Director
China National Renewable Energy Centre (CNREC)
Zhongying WANG Deputy Director General
China National Renewable Energy Centre (CNREC)
Kaare Sandholt Chief Expert
China National Renewable Energy Centre (CNREC)
Yu HAN Researcher
China National Renewable Energy Centre (CNREC)
Ye TAO Ph.D, Research Assistant
China Three Gorges Corporation Yaxiong BI Executive Vice President
China Three Gorges Corporation Lei ZHANG Secretary to Executive Vice President
China Three Gorges Corporation Feng WANG General Manager, Solar Energy Department
China Three Gorges Corporation Di LIU Deputy Chief Economist
China Three Gorges Corporation Ang QU Assistant Business Manager
China, Department of Dev. & Planning Zhengling ZHANG Deputy Director general
China, Department of Dev. & Planning Jing WU Deputy Division Director
China, National Energy Administration (NEA)
Qi Liu Vice Minister
China, National Energy Administration (NEA)
Lishan SHI Deputy Director General
China, National Energy Administration (NEA)
Xiufen DONG Director
China, National Energy Administration (NEA)
Shuli QI Deputy Director
88
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job TitleChina, National Energy Administration (NEA)
Xiaowei WEI Deputy Director
Chinese Wind Energy Association Haiyan Qin Secretary General
CII-ITC Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Development
Sachin Joshi Director
Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) Thomas Heller Executive Director
Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) Barbara Buchner Director, CPI Europe
Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) Morgan Hervé-Mignucci Senior Analyst
Coalition for Affordable Solar Energy Jigar Shah President
CONCITO Thomas Færgeman Managing Director
Confederation of Danish Industry Karsten Dybvad CEO
Confederation of Danish Industry Lisbeth Heyde Chief Consultant
Confederation of Indian Industry Sachin Joshi Director
Copenhagen Economics Helge Sigurd Næss-Schmidt Partner and Director
Copenhagen, City of Frank Jensen Lord Mayer
Copenhagen, City of Robert Seier Arendal Goodwill Ambassador
Copenhagen, City of Carsten Krabbe Special advisor
Copenhagen, City of Jakob Elkjær Press Officer
Copenhagen, City of Rikke Houkjær Press Officer
Côte d'Ivoire, Government of the Republic of
REMI ALLAH-KOUADIO Minister for Environment & Sustainable Development
Côte D'Ivoire, Ministry of Env. & Sustainable Dev.
ALAIN SERGES KOUADIO DIRECTOR
Côte d'Ivoire, the Embassy of, to Denmark VOLKANAUD N'GUESSAN COUNSELLOR
DDanChurchAid Mattias Söderberg Climate Advisor
Danfoss Niels Bjørn Christiansen President & CEO
Danfoss Kim Christensen President, Heating Solutions
Danfoss Mikkel Holm-Pedersen Executive Assistant
Danfoss Mads Gyldenkærne Communication advisor
Danfoss China Ming Tong PR Manager
Danish 92 Group Troels Dam Christensen Coordinator
Danish Agriculture & Food Council Jan Mousing Executive director
Danish Bioenergy Association Kristine van het Erve Grunnet
Head of secretariat
Danish Energy Agency Peter Bach Chief Adviser
Denmark, Government of Helle Thorning-Schmidt Prime Minister
Denmark, Government of Villy Søvndal Minister for Foreign Affairs
Denmark, Government of Henrik Dam Kristensen Minister for Transport
Denmark, Government of Ole Sohn Minister for Business and Growth
Denmark, Government of Mette Gjerskov Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Denmark, Government of Martin Lidegaard Minister for Climate, Energy and Building
Denmark, Government of Pia Olsen-Dyhr Minister for Trade and Investments
89
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job TitleDenmark, Government of Ida Auken Minister of the Environment
Denmark, Government of Christian Friis-Bach Minister for Development Cooperation
Denmark, Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building
Hans Jørgen Koch Deputy State Secretary
Denmark, Ministry of Employment, National Labour Market Authority
Jan Hendeliowitz Chair of the OECD LEED Directing Committee & Senior Policy Advisor, Danish National Labour Market Authority
Denmark, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Claus Grube Permanent Secretary of State
Denmark, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Carsten Staur Ambassador
Denmark, national delegation to the OECD Poul Erik Dam Kristensen Ambassador
Denmark, Parliamant's Environmental Committee
Lone Loklindt Committee chair and Member of Parliament
Denmark, political party 'Dansk Folkeparti' Mikkel Dencker Member of Parliament
Denmark, political party 'Liberal Alliance' Villum Christensen Member of the European Parliamant and Danish Parliament
Denmark, political party 'Venstre' Lars Christian Lilleholt MF (MEP)
Denmark, Prime Minister's Office Lea Juel Henriksen Press Secretary
Denmark, the Embassy of, in Beijing Liqun LI Programme Coordinator
Denmark, the Embassy of, in Kenya GEERT AAGAARD ANDERSEN AMBASSADOR
Denmark, the Embassy of, in Seoul Peter Lysholt Hansen Ambassador
Denmark, the Embassy of, in Seoul YEON JOO SUH Green Growth Officer
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations (DESA)
Nikhil Seth Director
Desso Stef Kranendijk CEO
Deutsche Bank Group Caio Koch-Weser Vice Chairman
Deutsche Bank Group Murray Birt Assistant Vice President
DHI Jørn Rasmussen Director, R&D
DONG Energy Henrik Poulsen CEO
DONG Energy Thomas Dalsgaard Executive Vice President
DONG Energy Henrik Maimann Vice President
DONG Energy Filip Engel Head of Stakeholder Relations
DONG Energy Cilla Harpsøe Bråten Head of Sales, China
DONG Energy Kathrine Westermann International PR Advisor
DSM Fokko Wientjes Director Corp.Sustainability
EEcologic Institute Berlin Martin Hirschnitz-Garbers Fellow and Coordinator of Resource
Efficiency
Economic Development Board (EDB), Singapore
Joseph Tay Centre Director
Economy Green Growth, GEGG Myanmar Nay Htun "Founder
"
EDF Group Claude Nahon Senior Vice President, Sustainable Development
EKF - Denmark's export credit agency Anette Eberhard CEO
90
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job TitleEKF - Denmark's export credit agency Kim Richter Senior Director, Head of SMV and Cleantech
Ellen MacArthur Foundation Ellen MacArthur Founder
Ellen MacArthur Foundation Jocelyn Blériot Head of Ed. Research & Content
Energinet.dk Peder Østermark Andreasen President and CEO
Energinet.dk Hans Erik Kristoffersen Head of Executive Secretariat
Energy Innovation: Policy and Technology LLC
Hal Harvey CEO
Ericsson Ulf Ewaldsson Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer, Head of Group Function Technology
Ethos Institute/Instituto Sao Paolo Sustentavel
Oded Grajew President
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
Josue Tanaka Managing Director, Operational Strategy and Planning
European Climate Foundation Bert Metz Fellow at ECF and member of the Advisory Council
European Commission Connie Hedegaard Commissioner for Climate Action
European Commission Michael S. CHRISTENSEN Deputy Head of Cabinet
European Commission Guido Castellano Member of Delegation
European Commission, Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development
Jerzy Bogdan Plewa Deputy Director General
European Commission, Directorate General for Energy
Marie Donnelly Director for new and renewable sources of energy, energy efficiency and innovation
European Commission, Directorate General Research and Innovation
Maive Rute Director, Biotechnologies, Agriculture, Food
European Environment Agency Jacqueline McGlade Executive Director
European Investment Bank (EIB) Simon Brooks Vice-President
European Investment Bank (EIB) Christopher Knowles Head of Division
FFaroe Islands, Representation of Government of the, in Copenhagen
Sigmundur Isfeld Head of Representation
Forum for the Future Peter Madden Chief Executive
France, Government of Delphine Batho Minister for ecology, sustainable development and energy
France, Ministry of Ecology Paul-Bertrand Barets Diplomatic adviser
France, Ministry of Ecology Laurent d'Aumale Interpreter
France, Ministry of Ecology Nathalie Graziani Security officer
France, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Guy-Cédric Werlings Advisor
France, the Embassy of, to Denmark Véronique Bujon-Barré French Ambassador to DK
GGCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited Hua SHU Executive Director/Executive President
GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited Bing DAI CTO PhD
91
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job TitleGCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited Li Wei Chief Representative, Beijing Office
GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited Cai Qing -
General Electric Fabian Delcros Director Gov. Affairs & Policy
Germany, Bundesministerium für Umwelt (BMU)
Karsten Sach Deputy Director-General for International Cooperation
Germany, Bundesministerium für Umwelt (BMU)
Sonja Röder Advisor
Global Energy Basel Daniel Wiener Founder and CEO
Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Lars Løkke Rasmussen Chairman
Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Rick Samans Executive Director
Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Hans Jakob Eriksen Director
Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Mattia Romani Director
Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Jason Eis Deputy Director - London Office
Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Jung Hwan KIM Senior Program Manager
Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Simon Sadek Senior Fellow
Great River Corporation Eleanor Chan CEO
GREEN ECONOMY & GREEN GROWTH (GEGG), Myanmar
Nay HTUN Founder & Hon. Patron
Green Growth Knowledge Platform Benjamin Simmons Head of Secretariat
Greenberg Traurig James Bacchus Chair, Global Practice Group
Greenpeace Mads Flarup Christensen Executive Director of Greenpeace Nordic
Grundfos Carsten Bjerg CEO and Group President
HHaldor Topsøe Jesper Nerlov Executive VP & CTO
Haldor Topsøe Ulrik Federspiel Vice President for Global Affairs
Ho Chi Minh City Dao Anh Kiet Director of Department of Natural Resources and Environment
Hyundai Motor Company Kiho Yoo Director
Hyundai Motor Company Tiger (Lim Ho) Jeong Senior Research Engineer
Hyundai Motor Europe Technical Center Seungwook Yang President of Hyundai Motor Europe Technical Center
IIBM Guido Bartels CEO
IBM Anders Norström Christiansen
Director
Impax Asset Management Group Ian Simm CEO
INCHEON METROPOLITAN CITY PYUNG RYUN YU Director-General
Incheon Metropolitan City Young-gil Song Mayor of Incheon
Indonesia, Government of the Republic of Balthasar Kambuaya Minister for the Environment
Indonesia, Ministry of Environment Rasio Sani Director
Indonesia, Ministry of Industry WIDHIANTO SAKRI Special Assistant to the Minister
92
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job TitleIndonesia, Ministry of Industry Mohammad Nur Haviadi Staff
Indonesia, Presidential Working Unit for Supervision and Management of Development (UKP4)
William Sabandar Expert Assisstant
Indonesia, the Embassy of, to Denmark Bomer Pasaribu Ambassador
Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)
David Baldock Executive Director
Institute for Industrial Productivity (IIP) Jigar Shah Executive Director
Institute for Industrial Productivity (IIP) Patrick D'Addario Director, Financial Products
Institute for Industrial Productivity (IIP) Julia Reinaud Director, Policy & Programs
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Luis Alberto Moreno President
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Orla Bakdal Alternate Executive Director
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Bernardo Guillamon Manager, Outreach & Partnerships
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Carlos de Paco Principal Outreach & Partnerships
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Walter Vergara Divison Chief
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Ignacio Corlazzoli Senior Operations Specialist
International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD)
Ricardo Melendez-Ortiz Chief Executive Officer
International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD)
Ingrid Jegou Manager
International Energy Agency (IEA) Bo Diczfalusy Director
International Energy Agency (IEA) Jonathan Sinton China Programme Manager
International Finance Corporation (IFC) Nena Stoiljkovic Vice President, Business Advisory Services.
International Finance Corporation (IFC) Usha Rao-Monari Head, Water and Utilities
International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)
Camilla Toulmin Director
International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
Mark Halle Executive Director
International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
Oshani Perera Programme Leader
International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
Samuel Colverson Consultant
International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC)
Amit Bando Executive Director
International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC)
Thibaud Voïta Energy Policy Analyst
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
Gauri Singh Director
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
Adnan Z. Amin Director-General
International Road Federation Susanna Zammataro Acting Director General
International Synergies Peter Laybourn CEO
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
Poul Engberg-Pedersen Managing Director
Investment Fund for Developing Countries (IFU), Denmark
Finn Jønck Managing Director
93
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job Title
JJakarta, City of Vera Revina Sari Director
Jakarta, City of Priyadi Priyautama Special Advisor to the Governor
Japan, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Jun ARIMA Special Advisor
Japan, the Embassy of, to Denmark Toshio Sano Ambassador
KKenya Association of Manufacturers Betty Maina CEO
Kenya, Government of the Republic of Peter Anyang Nyongo Minister for Medical Services
Kenya, PM's Office Peter Amenya Nyakundi Renewable Energy Expert
Kenya, the Embassy of, to Denmark Winnie Mwanjala Counsellor
Knowledge Centre for Agriculture Jan Mousing CEO
Korea Energy Management Corporation (KEMCO)
Jeung-Soo Huh President & CEO
Korea Energy Management Corporation (KEMCO)
Ki hyun Lee Assistant Manager
Korea, Government of the Republic of Hwang-sik Kim Prime Minister
Korea, PM's Office Hyungdu Choi Deputy Minister
Korea, PM's Office Hoyoung Lee Deputy Minister
Korea, PM's Office Sukmin Kim Vice Minister
Korea, PM's Office Daesik Kim Director-General
Korea, PM's Office Sunghwan Kim Director-General for Protocol
Korea, PM's Office KICHANG PARK Director for Protocol
Korea, PM's Office Jeongkwan Chon Secretary to the PM
Korea, PM's Office JOO YEUN PAEK Interpreter
Korea, Presidential Committee on Green Growth
SOOGIL YOUNG Chairman
Korea, Presidential Committee on Green Growth
HYUN YONG JUNG Director-General
Korea, Presidential Committee on Green Growth
CHUNG A PARK Intl. Cooperation Director
Korea, Republic of, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Ho-young Ahn 1st Vice Minister
Korea, Republic of, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
KICHEON CHOI 2nd Secretary of Protocol
Korea, Republic of, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
SANGPYO SUH Director
Korea, Republic of, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Jaebok Chang Deputy Chief of Protocol
Korea, the Embassy of the Republic of Byungho Kim Ambassador to Denmark
Korea, the Embassy of the Republic of HONG-GEUN JEONG Counsellor
Korea, the Embassy of the Republic of Jin-hwa Song First Secretary
94
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job TitleKorea, the President's office for Climate and Environment
Sungbin Yim Secretary to the President
KPMG Barend van Bergen Partner
LLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
Aimee McKane Senior Program Manager
London School of Economics Graham Floater Director
London School of Economics, Cities Research Centre
Philipp Rode Executive director
London, Greater Stephen Tate Assistant Director of Transport and Environment
Longyuan (Beijing) Solar Engineering Technology Co., Ltd.
Yao WANG General Manager
Los Angeles, City of Avid Boustani Director for Economic and Business Policy
MMaersk Oil Jakob Thomasen CEO
Maersk Oil Troels Albrechtsen Head of Coporate Technology and Projects
Maersk Oil Anders Würtzen Head of Public Affairs
Maersk Oil Sisi Cohrt Executive Secretary
Maersk Oil Qatar Sheik Faisal Al-Thani Deputy Managing Director
Mandag Morgen Erik Rasmussen Editor in Chief
MASEN, Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy Mustapha Bakkoury President and CEO
MASEN, Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy Nabil Saimi Directeur
McKinsey & Co Johannes Lüneborg Partner
McKinsey & Co Jeremy Oppenheim Director
Mexican States Senate, Government of the United
Ninfa Salinas President Environment Comm.
Mexican States, Government of the United Juan Rafael Elvira Quesada Minister for Environment and Natural Resources
Mexico, the Embassy of Martha Barcena Ambassador
Morocco, the Embassy of Raja Ghannam Ambassador
NNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
Doug Arent Executive director of Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
Ron Benioff Director
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
Mackay Miller Research Analyst
Nestlé Peter Brabeck-Letmathe Chairman
Nestlé Herbert Oberhaensli VP Economic and International Relations
95
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job TitleNetherlands, Government of the Carla Moonen Special adviser to teh Prime Minister
Netherlands, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture, and Innovation, Government of the
Roel Bol Director, Biobased Economy
Netherlands, Prime Minister's Office Carla Moonen Senior Advisor to the Prime Minister
New York City David Gilford Assistant Director, Center for Economic Transformation
Nobel Sustainability Trust Gustaf Nobel Chairman
Nobel Sustainability Trust Soeren Kofoed Senior Partner
Nordic Innovation Petra Nilsson Andersen Senior Advisor Innovation
Nordic Investment Bank Henrik Normann President and CEO
Novitas Innovation Tanja Bisgaard Founder
Novozymes Steen Riisgaard President & CEO
Novozymes Kåre Riis Nielsen Head of Public Affairs EU
Novozymes Anders Kristoffersen Manager
OOffice Depot Yalmaz Saddiqui Senior Director Purchasing and
Environmental Strategy
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Angel Gurría Secretary-General
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
LAMIA KAMAL-CHAOUI Advisor to the Secretary General
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Simon Upton Environment Director
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Dirk Pilat Head of Science and Technology Policy Division, Directorate for Science, Technology & Industry
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Christina Martinez Senior Policy Analyst, OECD LEED Programme.
PPensionDanmark Torben Möger Pedersen CEO
Pertamina Bapak Gusrizal Senior Vice President
Philips Frans van Houten President & CEO
Philips Jan Willem Scheijgrond Senior Director Environment Health & Safety
Philips Henk de Bruin Global Head Sustainability Office
Philips Karen Sørensen CEO Philips Nordic
Politiken Bo Lidegaard Executive Editor-in-Chief
Portland, City of Noah Siegel International Director
POSCO Research Institute (POSRI) Jisun Kim Business Analyst
Price-waterhouse Coopers (PwC) Malcolm Preston Global and UK Leader, Sustainability & Climate Change
96
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job TitlePROhumana Soledad Teixido Executive President
QQatar Solar Khalid Al-Hajri CEO
Qatar, Government of the State of Abdullah bin Hamad
Al Attiyah Deputy Prime Minister, Chairman of the Administrative Control and Transparency Authority
Qatar, Government of the State of Fahed Bin Mohammad Al-Attiya
Chairman of Qatar National Food Security Programme and Chairman, Organizing Sub-Committee.
Qatar, Government of the State of Samer R. Frangieh Senior Advisor to the Chairman
Qatar, Government of the State of Abdulaziz Bin Ahmad Al-Malki Director of Office of the President of Administrative Control and Transparency Authority
Qatar, Government of the State of Hamad Ali Jaber AL Hanzab Ambassador of The State of Qatar to the Kingdom of Denmark
Qatar, Government of the State of Khalid Bin Fahed Al Khater Ambassador Climate Change
Qatar, Government of the State of Antoine Artiganave Personal Assistant to the Chairman
Qatar, Government of the State of Nasser Al-Mesalam Protocol
Qatar, Government of the State of Mohammed Al-Naimi Private Secretary
Qatar, Government of the State of Hamad Merherb Editor
Qatar, Government of the State of Mohamed Abdulla
Quest Associates Ltd Peter Harry Woodward Co-founder and Director
RRAP - the Regulatory Assistance Project Eoin Lees Senior Advisor
Repsol Sebastiano Silvestri Researcher
Rotterdam, City of Paula Verhoeven Director of Sustainability and Climate Change
Russian Federation, Foreign Ministry Alexander Sviridov Second Secretary
SSafaricom Limited Bob Collymore CEO
Safaricom Limited Sanda Ojiambo Head of Corp. Responsibility
Saint-Gobain Nordic & Baltic Thierry Lambert General Participant
Samsung C&T Corporation Keung Hwan Kim Executive Vice President & CTO
Samsung C&T Corporation Jung-Hwan Moon Manager
Samsung C&T Corporation Hyungwoo Park Manager Green Tech. Research
São Paulo, City of Eduardo Jorge Sobrinho Secretary for Environment
São Paulo, City of Joo Hyun Ha Interpreter
São Paulo, State Government of Valeria D'Amico de Lima Deputy Associate Secretary of State
SEMARNAT - Mexico Enrique Lendo Fuentes Head of the Coordination Unit
SEMARNAT - Mexico Alfonso Zegbe Camarena Representative to the OECD
97
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job TitleSeoul, City of Chi Young Hwang Director-general of Climate Change
Siemens Jukka Pertola CEO
Siemens Kersten-Karl Barth Director Corp. Sustainability
Singapore, PM's Office Benedict Chia Ag Director, National Climate Change Secretariat
Stockholm Business Region Anna Gissler CEO
Suzlon Energy Limited Nicholas Archer Vice President
Switzerland, Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
Lorenz Kurtz Policy Advisor
Switzerland, Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)
Bruno Maria Carmelo
Oberle State Secretary
Switzerland, Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)
Rolf Gurtner Deputy Head of Economics.Sec
TTEPAV - Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey
Sibel Güven Director
TEPAV - Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey
Ozan Acar Advisor
The Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT)
Sarah O'Brien Director
Thomson Reuters Nelson Sam Global Head - Advisory Services, Commodities & Energy
Turkey, Government of the Republic of Cevdet Yilmaz Minister of Development
Turkey, Government of the Republic of Mehmet Ceylan Deputy Minister of Development
Turkey, Ministry of Development Sema Bayazit Head of Department
Turkey, Ministry of Development Cem Galip Ozenen Head of Department
Turkey, Ministry of Development Abdullah Ridvan Agaoglu Principle Clerk
Turkey, Ministry of Development Abdullah Baysal SECURITY H.E. Yilmaz
Turkey, Ministry of Development Omer Serdar SECURITY H.E. Yilmaz
Turkey, the Embassy of, in Copenhagen Berki Dibek Ambassador
Turkey, the Embassy of, in Copenhagen Emel Derinoz Tekin Counsellor
Turkish-Danish Business Council under the Foreign Economic Relations Board of Turkey
Feyhan Yaşar Chairperson
UU.S. Department of Energy Graham Pugh Director
U.S. Department of Energy Matthew Wittenstein Fellow
UK Green Investments Ian Nolan Development Director
Unilever Thomas Lingard Global Advocacy Director
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Achim Steiner Executive Director
98
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job TitleUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Steven Stone Head of Branch
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Corli Pretorius Executive Assistant
United Nations Foundation Mark Hopkins Director of International Energy Efficiency
United Nations Global Compact Georg Kell Executive Director
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
Kandeh Yumkella Director-General
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
Marina Ploutakhina Director
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
Byung Nae Yang Senior Green Growth Advisor
United Nations Office for Partnerships Tomas Anker Christensen Senior Advisor for Partnerships
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Nikhil Seth Director for Sustainable Development
University of Copenhagen Niels Elers Koch Head of Institute
University of Copenhagen Katherine Richardson Professor
University of Maryland Nathan Hultman Director
University of Aarhus Lauritz B. Holm-Nielsen Rector
University of Aarhus Henrik Bindslev Vice Dean for Research
VVestas Wind Systems Ditlev Engel President & CEO
Vestas Wind Systems Peter Brun Senior Vice President
Vestas Wind Systems Matt Whitby Communication Partner
Vestas Wind Systems Michael Zarin Director, Corporate Relations
Vestas Wind Systems Jens Alsbirk Director, Gov. Relations
Vietnam, Ministry of Industry & Trade Le Duong Quang Vice Minister
Vietnam, Ministry of Industry & Trade Nguyen Huy Hoan Vice Director
Vietnam, the Embassy of, in Copenhagen Lai Ngoc Doan Ambassador
WWater Resources Group Anders Berntell Executive Director
WBCSD - World Business Council for Sustainable Development
Peter Bakker President
WBCSD - World Business Council for Sustainable Development
Matthew Lynch Project Director
WBCSD - World Business Council for Sustainable Development
Philippe Joubert Senior Advisor
Welspun Energy Vineet Mittal Co-founder & Managing Director
World Bank, the Rachel Kyte Vice President
World Bank, the Jarl Krausing Global Climate Change Policy
World Economic Forum (WEF) Dominic Waughray Senior Director, Head of Environmental Initiatives
99
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job TitleWorld Economic Forum (WEF) Alex Mung Associate Director
World Economic Forum (WEF) Zomo Fisher Project Manager
World Economic Forum (WEF) Edvina Kapllani Analyst
World Energy Council (WEC) Christoph Frei Secretary General
World Resources Institute (WRI) Andrew Steer President
World Resources Institute (WRI) Craig Hanson Director
World Resources Institute (WRI) Leo Horn-Phathanothai Director, Intl. Cooperation
World Steel Association Åsa Ekdahl Manager
WWF European Policy Office Tony Long Director
YYasar Group Feyhan Yasar Vice President
Yingli Group Gang WANG Vice General Manager
Yokohama City Tadahiro Saegusa Manager Office Intl. Policy
Yokohama, City Fumiko Hayashi Mayor
Yokohama, City Tetsuya Nakajima Deputy Executive Director
Media21st Century Business Herald Chuan Zhao Journalist
Al Jazeera English Charlie Angela Journalist
Al Jazeera English Neil Cairns Journalist
Alarab Newspaper, Doha, Qatar Mohamed Elmetwaly Ahmed Ibrahim
Azzam Journalist
Associated Press, freelancer Richard Steed Journalist
Berlingske Soeren Springborg Journalist
Berlingske Media Keld Navntoft Photographer
Berlingske Media Torkil Adsersen Photo-journalist
Bloomberg News Gelu Sulugiuc Journalist
China Business & Trade Ping Gai Journalist
china economic times liu hui Journalist
Chosun Jenn Junghyun Park Journalist
Dow Jones/The Wall Street Journal Niclas Rolander Journalist
DR Camilla Faurholdt-Löfvall Journalist
DR Christian Gundtoft Journalist
DR Nina Z. Munch-Perrin Journalist
Ecnomic Information Daily Xiaobin Chen Journalist
El Financiero María Esther Arzate Journalist
Forbes Contributor, freelance Justin Gerdes Journalist
Freelance Wan Yun Journalist
information jørgen steen nielsen Journalist
ITAR-TASS Morozov Nikolay Journalist
100
Company / organisation Firstname Lastname Job TitleJoongangilbo Wonjean Lee Journalist
Korea, Prime Minister's Office Sung-Ju Byun Photographer
K-TV YOUNG SUK BAEK Camera man
K-TV MYEONGSHIN KIM Camera man
MAEIL BIZ NEWSPAPER SEOK-KI MIN Journalist
People's Daily Zhonghua Liu Journalist
Petróleo & Energía Milton Méndez Journalist
Politiken Ellen Andersen Journalist
Politiken Magnus Holm Photographer
Qatar, Government of the State of Ahmad Al-Benali Photographer
Ritzaus Bureau Jesper Ravn Journalist
San Lian Life Week Wang Hongliang Journalist
Self-employeed Fan Wang Journalist
Self-employeed Peter Hasse Ferrold Photographer
The Associated Press Jan OLSEN Journalist
Thomson Reuters Kristian Mortensen Journalist
TV2 Svenning Dalgaard Reporter
Wall Street Journal/Dow Jones Newswires Flemming Emil Hansen Journalist
www.china.org.cn, freelance Wen Ge Journalist
Xinhua News Agency Devapriyo Das Journalist
Xinhua News Agency Jingzhong Yang Journalist
Xinhua News Agency Bo Wu Photographer
Yokohama City, freelance Naoki Mimuro Journalist
YONHAP NEWS AGENCY JUNG AHRAN Journalist
3GF Secretariat3GF Susan Ulbaek Ambassador
3GF Eva Grambye Head of Secretariat
3GF Lisbeth Jespersen Deputy
3GF Jonatan Porsager Head of Section
3GF Gitte Robinson Technical Advisor
3GF Jule Helen Glaser Head of Section
3GF Jørgen E. Christensen Head of Section
3GF Ulla Payreen Lüders Event manager
3GF Josefine Urup Wolff Student Assistant
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