document3g

5/21/2018 3g

1/152

1 NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

3G RadioNetwork PlanningFundamentals

- Day 2 -

5/21/2018 3g

2/152


Agenda Day 2

Radio Resource Management

Pre-Launch Optimisation

Nokia WCDMA Base Station Family

WCDMA/GSM Co-Siting

RAN Sharing

Multilayer Planning

5/21/2018 3g

3/152


Radio Resource Management- Objectives -

At the end of this module you will be able to...

List all RRM entities and explain their function

Explain the interworking between Load Control,Admission Control and Packet Scheduler

Describe the different handover possibilities

List the two most important soft handover

parameters Describe the difference between non-

controllable and controllable traffic

Explain why LA, RA, SA and URA area planningis needed

Explain the cell search/synchronisationprocedure of the UE

Explain how scrambling code planning affectscell search performance

Explain the concept of group planning

5/21/2018 3g

4/152


NRT trafficRT traffic

Conversational Streaming Interactive Background

PS domainCS domain

Radio Resource ManagementUMTS Traffic Classes

Conversational class is meant for traffic which is very delaysensitive while background class is the most delay insensitivetraffic class.

Conversational and streaming classes are mainly intended to

be used to carry real time traffic flows. Interactive class and Background are mainly meant to be used

by traditional Internet applications like WWW, Email, Telnet,FTP and News

5/21/2018 3g

5/1525 NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Radio Resource ManagementRAN Data Rates

AMR speech

Rate (kbps) 12.20 10.20 7.95 7.40 6.70 5.90 5.15 4.75

PS data

Rate (kbps) 512* 384 320 256 144** 128 64 32 16 8

Non-transparent CS data

Rate (kbps) 57.6 28.8 14.4

Transparent CS data

Rate (kbps) 64 33.6 32 28.8

* RAN2DL** RAN2

Extensive multicall capability

Maximum user data rate 384 kbps (512kbps DL in RAN2)

5/21/2018 3g


Radio Resource Management (RRM) is responsible for efficient utilizationof the air interface resources

RRM is needed to maximize the radio performance Guarantee Quality of Service (BLER, BER, delay) Maintain the planned coverage for each service Ensure planned capacity with low blocking optimise the use of capacity

RRM can be divided into

Power control Handover control Admission control Load control (Congestion control) Packet scheduling Resource Manager

Radio Resource ManagementOverview

Iu

Iur

Iub

Iub

MS

BTS

BTS

SRNC

DRNCPower Control

Power ControlLoad Control

Admission ControlLoad Control

Admission ControlPacket SchedulerLoad ControlHandover Cont rolPower Control

5/21/2018 3g


Radio Resource ManagementLogical Model

AC Admission Control

LC Load Control

PS Packet Scheduler

RM Resource Manager

PC Power Control

HC HO ControlPC

HC

Connection based functions

LC

AC

Network based functions

PS

RM

5/21/2018 3g


Radio Resource ManagementOverview of RRM Algorithms

Power control (PC) maintains radio link level quality by

adjusting the uplink and downlink powers.

The quality requirements are tried to get with minimum transmissionpowers to achieve low interference in radio access network. The basicfunctions of WCDMA power control are:

Open loop power control (RACH, FACH) Fast closed loop power control (DCH, DSCH) Outer loop power control

Handover Control (HC) controls the active state mobility ofUE in RAN.

HC maintains the radio link quality and minimises the radio networkinterference by optimum cell selection in handovers. The HandoverControl (HC) of the Radio Access Network (RAN) supports the followinghandover procedures:

Intra-frequency soft/softer handover Intra-frequency hard handover Inter-frequency handover Inter-system (GSM) handover

5/21/2018 3g



Admission Control (AC) decides whether a request to

establish a Radio Access Bearer (RAB) is admitted in theRadio Access Network (RAN) or not.

Admission control is used to maintain stability and to achieve hightraffic capacity of RAN. The AC algorithm is executed when radioaccess bearer is setup or the bearer is modified. The AC measurestake place as well with all kind of handovers.

Load Control (LC) continuously updates the loadinformation of cells controlled by RNC

Load Control and provides this information to the AC and PS for radioresource controlling purposes. In overload situations, the LC performs

the recovering actions by using the functionalities of AC, PS and HC.

5/21/2018 3g



Packet scheduler (PS)schedules radio resources for NRT

radio access bearers both in uplink and downlink direction. The traffic load of cell determines the scheduled transmission capacity.

The information of load caused by NRT bearers is determined by PS.

It can be said that PS controls the NRT load when system is not inoverload.

PS also allocates and changes the bitrates of NRT bearers. PS controls

both dedicated and shared channels.

5/21/2018 3g


Radio Resource ManagementWideband Power Based RRM

Nokia RRM has the following principles for the operation of network basedalgorithms, admission control, packet scheduler and load control:

RRM is operating cell basis, i.e. operations are done for a single cellwithout taking neighbouring cells account.

System load is measured based on total averaged power/ interferencein a cell. In uplink it is the total received wideband interference power(PrxTotal) and in downlink it is the total transmitted power (PtxTotal).

AC, PS and LC operations are based these two measurements.

AC, PS and LC operations are done separately for uplink and downlink.

RRM has the ability to manage cell loading based on the total averageuplink/downlink power, which has the affect of eliminating the cell shrinkageoccurring due to variations in neighbour cell interference levels.

Uplink Downlink

Node B Measurement Total received widebandpower PrxTotal

Total transmittedwideband power PtxTotal

RRM in RNC Keep load at PrxTraget(max)

Keep load at PrxTraget(max)

5/21/2018 3g

12/152


Radio Resource ManagementPower Control

The target of the power control (PC) is to achieve the minimum signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) that is required for the sufficient quality of the connection

Power control provides protection against large changes in shadowing, immediateresponse for fast changes in signal levels and interference levels (SIR). Powercontrol is also needed to cope with the near far problem

PC entity fulfils the radio link power related adjustment by the following basicprocedures:

Uplink open loop PC algorithm and random access procedure PC for downlink common physical channels

Fast closed loop PC

Outer loop PC

5/21/2018 3g

13/152


Radio Resource ManagementPower Control Loops

Fast Closed loop PC measures the Interference level

Outer loop PC maintains the set quality

SRNC RNCSRNC RNC

Node B

Iub

UEUE

Fast Closed

Loop PC

UL Outer

Loop PC

DL Outer

Loop PC

Immediate response

to fading and fast

changes in signaland interference

levels

Quality loop: Maintainsthe specified error rate

5/21/2018 3g

14/152



UL Open loop power control for initial power setting of the UE

UE performs the initial transmission power calculation with the help of received info from RNC path loss between Node B and UE uplink interference level (measured by Node B) required received C/I

With Random Access Channel (RACH) power ramping is done with preambles

Preamble: In the beginning mobile sends low power and increases it until Node B is able todetect it

After the initial transmission and the synchronisation procedure the fast closed loop PC starts.

P2

Downlink / BS

RACHP1

L1 ACK / AICH

Uplink / MS

Preamble

Not detected

Message partPreamble

R di R M t

5/21/2018 3g

15/152



Fast Closed loop power control (UL/DL)

Closed loop PC mechanism aims to maintain a SIR target value specifiedby outer loop PC. The SIR is measured on pilot bits of the dedicated controlchannel and a corresponding transmit power control (TPC) command issent on the reverse link.

In UL closed loop PC, the BTS measures the SIR on pilot bits of the ULDPCCH and transmits the corresponding Transmit Power Control (TPC)

value on DL DCH. The UE decodes the TPC value and respondsaccordingly

In DL closed loop PC UE measures the SIR value on pilots bits of the DLDPCH and transmits the corresponding TPC command on UL DPCCH.

In Nokia RAN 1.5 the DL closed loop PC will be such that a TPC commandwill be generated by the UE for every time slot in a radio frame.

R di R M t

5/21/2018 3g

16/152



Outer loop power control The outer loop PC adjusts the SIR target used by the closed loop PC. The

SIR target is independently adjusted for each connection based on theestimated quality of the connection. The initial value is provided byadmission control functionality in the RNC.

The SIR target value is to be set so that the usage of radio resources ismost effective, the power is set to minimum possible, still ensuring that thequality of the connection is good enough.

In uplink outer loop PC the RNC monitors the link quality and adjusts thenew SIR target accordingly for the fast closed loop PC.

UE takes care of the downlink outer loop PC. Downlink outer loop PC setsthe SIR target for the downlink fast closed loop PC according to qualityestimates of the received channel.

Downlink outer loop PC functions are mainly located in the UE, but somecontrol parameters, e.g. BLER target, are set by the RNC.

5/21/2018 3g

17/152



P1

P2

UE1 and UE2 are transmitting on the same frequency=> equalizing transmitter powers is critical ("near-far" problem)

Optimum situation: P1 = P2 at the Node B at all times

Different path attenuations are compensated by usingpower control.

Open loop power control: UE adjusts its initialtransmitterpower according to received signal level

Closed loop power control: Node B commands UEto increase or decrease its transmission power at 1.5 kHzIt is based on received signal to interference ratio (SIR)estimates in Node B.

Closed loop power control also follows the fast fading patternat low and medium speeds (< 50 km/h)

Node BUE2

UE1

TPC commands

TPC commands

if SIR > (SIR)set then "down"else "up"

UE adjustspower accordingto TPC commands

R di R M t

5/21/2018 3g

18/152


Radio Resource ManagementUplink Outer Loop Power Control

CNRNC

if SIR > (SIR)set then "down"else "up"

frame reliability info

(SIR)set adjustmentcommand

outer loopcontrol

if FER increase then(SIR)set "up"else (SIR)set "down"

required (SIR)set for 1 % FER

time

MS stands still

outer loop TPC maintains linkquality

optimises capacity / range

is the "link adaptation" method inWCDMA

during soft handover: comes aftersoft handover frame selection

Radio Reso rce Management

5/21/2018 3g

19/152


Radio Resource ManagementCommon Channel Power Planning

BTS power allocation rule:For Pilot CPCIH 10 %,For other common channels, 10 %For dedicated channels, the rest

Ec/Ior=fraction of the power of the channel of interestfrom the total BS power.


5/21/2018 3g

20/152


Radio Resource ManagementPower Control & Diversity

At low UE speed, power control compensates the fading : fairlyconstant receive power and Tx power with high variations

With diversity the variations in Tx power is less

At UE speed >100km/h fast power control cannot follow thefast fading, therefore diversity helps keep receive power levelmore or less constant

In the UL Tx affects adjacent cell interference and Rx poweraffects interference within the cell.


5/21/2018 3g

21/152


Radio Resource ManagementHandovers

Soft/Softer handover In Soft HO MS is simultaneously connected to multiple cells In softer HO MS is simultaneously connected to multiple cell within same Node B Mobile Evaluated Handover (MEHO)

Intra-frequency handoverHard handover Intra-Frequency hard handover

Arises when inter-RNC SHO is impossible

Decision procedure is the same as SHO

MEHO and RNC controlled HO

Causes temporary disconnection of the user

Inter-Frequency handover (RAN1.5) Can be intra-BS hard handover, intra-RNC hard handover, inter-RNC hard handover

Network Evaluated Handover (NEHO)

Decision algorithm located in RNC

Handovers both for RT and NRT Services Inter-System handover (RAN1.5)

Handovers for CS voice and CS data (NEHO)

Network initiated cell Re-selection for PS (RT or NRT) data to GSM/GPRS


5/21/2018 3g

22/152


Softer HO

Soft-Soft HO

Softer-Soft HO

Soft HO

Radio Resource ManagementSoft Handover


5/21/2018 3g

23/152


1. The CPICH Ec/N0exceeds

Strongest pilot in active set -

Addition Window. The mobile station

startsAddition Timetimer

2. The CPICH Ec/N0has been

continuously higher than Strongest

pilot in active set Addition Window,

RNC add the neighbour to Active set

after theAddition Timetimer expires.

3. The CPICH Ec

/N0

is smaller than

Strongest pilot in active set - Drop

Window. The mobile station starts

Drop Timetimer

4. The CPICH Ec/N0has been

continuously smaller than Strongest

pilot in active set Drop Window,

RNC drops the cell from the active

set to the neighbour set after the

Drop Timetimer expires.

Radio Resource ManagementNokia Soft Handover Algorithm

Strongest pilot in active set

Addition Window

Drop Window

MS Ec/N0value

timeAddition Time Drop Time

MS Ec/N0

Neighbor SetNeighbour Set Active SetActive Set Neighbor SetNeighbour Set

1. 2. 3. 4.


5/21/2018 3g

24/152


Radio Resource ManagementLoad Control

The purpose of load control is to optimise the capacity of a cell

and prevent overload situation. Load control consists of Admission Control (AC) and Packet

Scheduler (PS) algorithms, and Load Control (LC) whichupdates the load status of the cell based on resourcemeasurements and estimations provided by AC and PS.

LC

AC

PSNRT load

Load changeinfo

Load status


5/21/2018 3g

25/152


Radio Resource ManagementLoad Control

Since the main criteria in a WCDMA system for the radio

resources is the interference, the load of the cell under theRNC is measured periodically based on uplink interference level downlink transmission power levels

In uplink, the basic measured quantity indicating load is the

total received power of a Node B, PrxTotal In downlink, the basic measured quantity indicating load is the

total transmitted power of a Node B, PtxTotal


5/21/2018 3g

26/152


PrxTarget (dB) defines the optimal operating point of the cellinterference power, up to which the AC of the RNC canoperate.

Radio Resource ManagementRadio Interface Load in Uplink

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20Noise rise as a function of fractional load

Fractional load

Noiserise[dB]

PrxTarget [dB] + PrxOffset [dB]

PrxTarget [dB]

Noise floor

FEASIBLE LOAD AREA

MARGINAL LOAD AREA

OVERLOAD AREA


5/21/2018 3g

27/152


Load in DLPtxTotal

[dBm]

PtxTarget [dBm]

PtxTarget [dBm]+PtxOffset [dB]

Cell maximum [dBm]

Load

[0...1]

0 1

max_

_

BTStx

totaltx

P

P

OVERLOAD AREA

MARGINAL LOAD AREA

FEASIBLELOAD AREA

Load in DLPtxTotal

[dBm]

PtxTarget [dBm]

PtxTarget [dBm]+PtxOffset [dB]

Cell maximum [dBm]

Load

[0...1]

0 1

max_

_

BTStx

totaltx

P

P

OVERLOAD AREA

MARGINAL LOAD AREA

FEASIBLELOAD AREA

Radio Resource ManagementRadio Interface Load in DL

In the downlink, the own cell load factor can be defined as theratio of the measured transmission power, PtxTotal, to themaximum transmission power of cell


5/21/2018 3g

28/152


Radio Resource ManagementAdmission Control

Admission Control (AC) decides whether a request to establish a Radio AccessBearer (RAB) is admitted in the RAN or not.

AC is used to maintain stability and to achieve high traffic capacity of RAN. The ACalgorithm is executed when radio access bearer is setup or the bearer is modified.The AC measures take place as well with all kind of handovers.

The AC algorithm estimates the load increase, which the establishment of thebearer would cause in the radio network. Both uplink and downlink direction isestimated separately.

The inter-cell interference effect is estimated. Bearer is not admitted if the predictedload exceeds particular thresholds either in uplink or downlink.

In decision procedure AC will use the load information produced by the Load Control(LC) and packet scheduler (PS) functionalities of RRM.


5/21/2018 3g

29/152


Overload area

Load TargetOverload Margin

Pow

er

Time

Estimated capacity forNRT traffic.

Measured load causedby noncontrollable load


The traffic can be divided into two groups Real Time (RT) or non-controllable Non-Real Time (NRT) or controllable

THUS some portion of capacity must be reserved for the RTtraffic for mobility purposes all the time. The proportionbetween RT and NRT traffic varies all the time.


5/21/2018 3g

30/152



Since it is not enough to divide the load to RT and NRT one must take into account theinterference coming from surrounding cells.

Traffic is divided into controllable and non-controllable traffic.

Non-controllable traffic = RT users +other-cell users +noise +other NRT users whichoperate minimum bit rate

Controllable traffic= NRT users


5/21/2018 3g

31/152



power

time

non-controllable power

controllable power

PrxNc / PtxNc

PrxTotal / PtxTotal

PrxNrt / PtxNrt

PrxOffset / PtxOffset

PrxTarget / PtxTarget

ADMISSION DECISION:A RAB request is accepted if the estimated non-controllable uplink and downlink load, measured in total received interferencepower and transmitted carrier power, keeps below the planned load target andthe current total load below the overload threshold, defined by target andoffset parameters.


5/21/2018 3g

32/152


gPacket Scheduler

Packet scheduler is a general feature, which takes care of scheduling radioresources for NRT radio access bearers for both UL and DL

Admission control (AC) and packet scheduler (PS) both participate to the handlingof NRT radio bearers

Packet scheduler allocates appropriate radio resources for the duration of a packetcall, i.e. active data transmission.

time

bit rate

RACH/FACH, DSCH or DCHallocation

Packet call

NRT RAB allocated, packet service session

Packet scheduler handles

Admission control handles

Short inactive

periods duringpacket call


5/21/2018 3g

33/152


gResource Manager

The main function of RM is to allocate logical radio resources of NodeB according tothe channel request by the RRC layer for each radio connection

The RM is located in the RNC and it works in close co-operation with the AC and thePS

The actual input for resource allocation comes from the AC /PS and RM informs thePS about the resource situation

The RM is able to switch codes and code types for different reasons such as softhandover and defragmentation of code tree.

Manages the Node B logical resources Node B reports the available logical HW resources

Maintains the code tree, Allocates the DL channelization codes, UL scrambling code, UL channelization

code type

Allocates UTRAN Registration Area(URA) specific Radio Network Temporary

Identifier(RNTI) allocated for each connection and reallocated when updating URA


5/21/2018 3g

34/152


gResource Manager

Spreading = channelization and scrambling operations (producing thesignal at the chip rate, i.e. spreads the signal to the wideband)

Downlink: Scrambling code separates the cells and channelization codeseparates connection

The length of the channelization code is the spreading factor

All physical channels are spread with channelization codes, Cm(n) andsubsequently by the scrambling code, CFSCR

The code order, m and the code number, n designates each and everychannellization code in the layered orthogonal code sequences.

user data wid espread data

chanell izationcode

scrambl ingcode


5/21/2018 3g

35/152


gDL Primary Scrambling Code

DL Scrambling code Info is needed for Synchronization between UE andNode B for cell search & identification procedure during

call set up handover

Cell search procedure in UE & in frame synchronization

search step 1: slot synchronization to a cell

search step 2: frame synchronization & code group identification

search step 2: scrambling code identification

Each cell has it's own Scrambling code (like BCCH is GSM) which need tobe planned (like frequency planning in GSM)

Total 512 scrambling codes are available (0511), they are in 64 groups,each group having 8 codes

Codes could be allocated from same group of from different groups in theplanning area

Most Importantstep !


5/21/2018 3g

36/152


Codes 0 1 2 63

0 0 8 16 504

1 1 9 17 505

2 2 10 18 506

3 3 11 19 5074 4 12 20 508

5 5 13 21 509

6 6 14 22 510

7 7 15 23 511

Here is how Primary Scrambling codes are seen for PlanningEngineer (i=0511)

gPrimary Scrambling Code

CodeGroup 1


5/21/2018 3g

37/152


DL Scrambling Code Planning Rule Scrambling code should be selected in optimum way because

It has affect to the cell search algorithm (time)

The call setup/HO performance depends on the reliability of the searchprocedure in cell search step 2 and 3

There must be large enough separation (minimum reuse) between two cellsusing the same scrambling code (like frequency reuse in GSM)

Recommended minimum reuse is 64

Scrambling code Planning Rule

Minimize the number of used code groups

Maximize the number of codes per group

The rule is valid in all neighbour sets in all environments


5/21/2018 3g

38/152


DL Scrambling Code Planning Rule

Scrambling code planning is independent for each carrier layer=> same codes could be used

Cell search time increases when the number of neighbours ishigh like in Urban area

The size of the neighbour sets should be large enough toinclude all useful candidates but as small as possible to

maintain fast synchronization process


5/21/2018 3g

39/152


DL Scrambling Code Planning Rule - Example

Area with 12 NodeB(1+1+1) sites

Assign the codes such thatcodes form geographiccluster of cells.

Two code groups enoughup to 15 neighbours

IntraFreqNcellScrCode

UE

PriScrCode

Cluster of cells

having 2 codegroups


5/21/2018 3g

40/152


Registration and Service Areas - Overview

Four Registration areas are known in UMTS

Location area (LA) in core network CS domain

Routing area (RA) in core network PS domain

UTRAN registration area (URA) in UTRAN (not visible to the corenetwork)

Cell as the smallest entity in the UTRAN (not visible to the core network)

Service Area (SA)

Used to inform the core network about the location of a UE locationbased services

UTRAN does not make use of SA

Radio Resource ManagementL ti A (LA)

5/21/2018 3g

41/152


Location Area (LA)

LA is used for location information in the CS domain of the core network

Each cell in the network is assigned a single location area code (LAC)No overlap between location areas.

A LA consists of a set of cells with a size of at minimum one cell and atmaximum an MSC/VLR area.

A RNC may include many LAs or a LA may span over many RNC areas

When crossing the border of an LA in idle mode, the UE has to perform alocation (LA) update procedure.

Radio Resource ManagementR ti A (RA)

5/21/2018 3g

42/152


Routing Area (RA)

The RA is used for paging in PS domain of the core network

Each cell in the network is assigned a single location area code (RAC)No overlap between routing areas.

A RA has to be a subset of a LA and cannot span upon more than one LA.

A RA has a size of at minimum one cell and at maximum a SGSN area.

When crossing the border of a RA, the UE has to perform a routing area(RA) update procedure.

A RNC may include many RAs or a RA may span over many RNC areas.

Radio Resource ManagementUTRAN R i t ti A (URA)

5/21/2018 3g

43/152


UTRAN Registration Area (URA)

URA area is used inside UTRAN, but not at CN level

Each cell in the network is assigned at least oneURA identifier (URAid)Overlapping URAs are possible

Overlapping URAs reduces the number of URA updates for a given UE

URA consist of number of cells belonging to either one or several RNCs

URA is used to avoid high amount of cell updates for high mobility UEs.RNC commands the UE to change from CELL_PCH state to URA_PCHstateonly URA updates instead of cell updates

URA update is a RRC procedure

Radio Resource ManagementCell

5/21/2018 3g

44/152


Cell

A cell is the smallest entity in the UTRAN, it is not known in the corenetwork

A cell update takes place if the UE leaves the cell border while it is inCELL_FACH, CELL_DCH or CELL_PCH state.

Cell update is a RRC procedure

Radio Resource ManagementService Area (SA)

5/21/2018 3g

45/152


Service Area (SA)

The SA identifies an area consisting of one or more cells beloning to thesame LA

The Service Area Identifier is composed of the PLMN Identifier, theLocation Area Code (LAC) and the Service Area Code (SAC).

Service Area is used for location based services

In RAN1.5 the max accuracy is the cell level

In RAN2.1 the accuracy is better -inside the cell

In RAN2.0 there is the Service Area Broadcast feature which enablesinformation providers to submit short messages for broadcasting to aspecified Service Area within the PLMN.These messages could be used for informing about e.g. PLMN news,

emergencies, traffic reports, road accidents, delayed trains, weatherreports, theatre programmes, telephone numbers or tariffs

Radio Resource ManagementImpact of Registration Areas on Common Channel

5/21/2018 3g

46/152


p gTraffic

LA, RA or URA size affects the amount of traffic on PCH in (paging) and on

RACH and FACH (area updates)

With increasing sizes of LA, RA or URA, traffic on the PCH will increase.

The bigger the registration area, the higher the probability that extraPCH traffic is produced in a cell and the higher the PCH traffic is in thatcell.

With increasing sizes of LA, RA and URA, the traffic on RACH and FACHwill decrease.

The bigger the registration area, the lower the probability for a specificUE to cross an area border and therefore traffic caused by LA, RA orURA updates decreases.

The planning task is to define the registration area such, that FACH, RACHand PCH traffic is kept low while the battery liftime of the UEs is kept high.

Agenda Day 2

5/21/2018 3g

47/152


g y




WCDMA/GSM Co-Siting

RAN Sharing

Multilayer Planning

Pre-Launch OptimisationObjectives

5/21/2018 3g

48/152


- Objectives -


List the actions which are done during pre-launch optimisation

List the tools which are used during pre-launch optimisation

List at least three parameters which couldbe tuned during pre-launch optimisation

Explain the three golden rules for pre-launch optimisation

Pre-launch OptimisationIntroduction

5/21/2018 3g

49/152


Introduction

Pre-launch Optimisation means actions to meet the definedcoverage and quality criteria

Drive tests are done to test Coverage for different data rate services Pilot channel coverage Soft handover areas and probabilities Quality (BLER)

Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are defined to measure thecriteria

Cell total data throughput Call setup success rates for different services Call drop rates Soft Handover performance

Pre-launch OptimisationProcess

5/21/2018 3g

50/152


Process

Network ManagementNokia NetActTMfor 3G

Field Tool Server

RAN Optimisationpre-defined procedures

semi / full automated

configuration

Start

WindowAddChange1stepsize

WindrowDropChange1stepsize

CompThresholdChange1stepsize

DropTimerChange1stepsize

NMS: Collect

networkperformancedata

EvaluateKPI

'HO Overhead'.

OK ?

Evaluateallnetwork KPIs.

OK ?

Yes

Gotorelevantoptimisation

flow-chart

No

End

Yes

No

KPIs, counters

air-interface

Field Tool

WCDMA RAN

KPIs,measurements

Configuration

Pre-Launch OptimisationTools

5/21/2018 3g

51/152


Tools

Drive test tools for Coverage verification

Agilent scanner

Nemo Technologies TOM

Ericsson TEMS

Post Processing tool for rollout verification, planning validation,infrastructure verification and network optimisation

Actix Analyzer v. 4.1 and NetAct Network Configuration tool for Performance Info (PI, KPI)

Network Element Management Unit (Nemu)

Network protocol analyzer for troubleshooting

NetHawk

Uplink and Downlink loading tools

Pre-Launch OptimisationInitial Drive Testing ConfigurationAdditional

5/21/2018 3g

52/152


Initial Drive Testing Configuration

Iub(ATM)

Iu-CS( ATM )

STM-1STM-1

RNC

BTS

Extract radio parameters which are

exchanged over the RRC protocol:

Uplink SIR target, Downlink BLER

target, UL CRC OK/NOK etc.

NBAP

Radio link Measurement report

Dedicated RRC messages

Nethawk analyserA WCDMA scanner (Agilent, Nemo

Technologies TOM or Ericsson TEMS) can be

used for (passive) idle mode downlink

measurements:

CPICH Ec/Io

Active set (neighbor list measurements)

Location information

When used together with a UE (nomonitoring) and the protocol analyzer, it can

(analysing messaging in Iub interface) be

used to assess the UE behavior

Postprocessing (Actix and/ora customised tool) tool tocorrelate the data from

network and terminal side byusing the timestamp

Additionalterminals (ifavailable) usedto increasenetwork load.Hardblockingwill be used to

limit requirednumber ofterminals

Iu-PS(IP)

Pre-Launch OptimisationLoad Generation

5/21/2018 3g

53/152


Load Generation

Because the load situation in the network in the beginning is small, loadgeneration is needed to simulate the situation in loaded network

In uplink there is a possibility to generate noise simply by adding noise tothe UL branch to test coverage

by using the UEs which increases the the load in the cell (noise likeinterference)

Use X simultaneous Y kbits/s RT services to achieve the load

In downlink it is more challenging and also important since a smaller or

larger part of the interference is orthogonal and it is less thermal noise like. Orthogonal Channel Noise Simulator (OCNS) is a mechanism used to

simulate the users or control signals on the other orthogonal channels ofa downlink link

OCNS is a feature candidate in RAN2.1

Pre-Launch OptimisationSoft Handover Optimisation Example

5/21/2018 3g

54/152


There are few parameters thathave a great influence for theSoft Handover of the network

Soft Handover Optimisation Example

Addition

Window

Too wide soft HO

area

Too small soft HO

area

+ Soft HOOverhead

UL macrodiversity

gain decrease- UL Troughput

too high

too low

unnecessary soft

HO branch

addition

- DL Troughput

frequent HOs+ signalling

overhead

Add Window

Drop Window

Maximum Active Set Size

Drop TimeTransmission power of the CPICH channel

Replacement Window

Pre-Launch OptimisationOptimising Soft Handover Areas

5/21/2018 3g

55/152


KPI improvement

Purpose: Increase networkperformance

Target: Soft Handover Overhead atoptimal point

Method: adjust window_add andwindow_drop parameters

Result: Optimal parameter valuefound

Before After

20

25

30

35

40

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Simulation Phase

SHOO[%]

Selected

optimalparametervalue

30

Degraded performance

Semi-optimal

Active set

sizeMicroscopic

analysis

on area of 1

km2

and 39 sites

p g

Pre-Launch OptimisationOptimisation Based on Statistics

5/21/2018 3g

56/152


p Optimisation is mainly based on Nokia NetAct reports

Field measurements are used to get additional information from thepinpointed problem spots

Useful for optimisation To locate the problem spots geographically and by network elements To prioritise actions needed with the help of KPIs To identify reasons for non-performance by giving information on

various statistical indicators and network history

Basis for area-wide performance improvement Area wide parameter tuning based on long-term statistics and trends

Alarms of future problems in fast-growing traffic areas Prior notice to be able to react in time and to be prepared for network

expansions

Pre-Launch OptimisationDynamic Simulations for Higher Visibility

5/21/2018 3g

57/152


y g y

Static simulations

Snapshot

StaticMoving randomly oralong roads withrandom speed

Ray-tracing propagationmodel with vector map

Ray-tracingpropagation model

with vector map

Realistic Nokiaalgorithms; also futurealgorithms

Simplified and limitedalgorithms, e.g no powercontrol

No traffic modelRealistic traffic model;

projection of trafficgrowth

Moving in threedimensions

Current softwareversions in use

Statistics collected fromsnapshots

Statistics collectedover time period fromdetailed callsimulations

Traffic is low innetwork launch

Statistics collectedfrom networkmanagementsystemMultipathpropagation

Algorithms

Traffic

Performanceanalysing

Propagation

Mobility

Dynamic simulations

MovieReal network

Reality

Pre-Launch OptimisationOptimisation Example

5/21/2018 3g

58/152


p p

Initial network plan consisted of total 59 cells, of which 24 werein micro layer and 35 were in macro layer

In the first optimisation round antenna tilts and bearings weretuned in macro cells

The sites were already optimised for GSM

Number of served users increased outdoor users about 2.5% indoor users about 2.6% mixed case about 3.1%

Change of other to own cell interference i(average) outdoor: from 0.43 to 0.44 indoor: from 0.47 to 0.43 mixed: from 0.43 to 0.44

Pre-Launch OptimisationMacro: Little i in the beginning

5/21/2018 3g

59/152


Pre-Launch OptimisationMacro: Little i after Optimisation

5/21/2018 3g

60/152


p

Pre-Launch OptimisationCapacity increase after Optimisation

5/21/2018 3g

61/152


Macro layer

Outdoor

Indoor

mixed

optimisedusers change

2206

2079

2211

+14%

+11%

+13%

users

1931

1872

1943

Total number of users is 2500 both in macro and micro layers

Indoor case means that 14 dB attenuation has been usedcompared to outdoor

Mixed case means that 30 % mobiles are inside

Increase is more than 10 % as shown below

Biggest outage reason is the max achieved Node B power

1689

1755

1713

+12%

+11%

+13%

1486

1559

1485

Micro layer

optimisedusers changeusers

Pre-Launch OptimisationOptimisation Principles

A id Put cells close to users

Make sure there iscoverage

3 Goldenrules

5/21/2018 3g

62/152


ProblemOverlapping of cells,

no clear dominance

Cell sizes do not match

to user distribution

No coverage

Problemindicator

in PlanningTool

- High i- Low capacity- High soft handover

overhead

- Outage due to BTSpower or uplink load

- Other cell do notcollect traffic

- Outage due to UE power- Outage due to DL link

power

Problemindicator

in network

- High noise rise whilelow throughput in UL

- High soft handoveroverhead

- Blocking in some cells- Other cells do not

collect traffic

- Dropped calls- Bad quality- Low bit rates for packets

Solutions

- Antenna downtilt- De-Splitting => 2 cells- Remove sites- SHO parameters?

- Antenna tilting- CPICH adjustment

- More sites- Higher link power in DL

Understand

Detect

Solve

Results?? - 10-20% higher capacity- 10-20% higher capacity- Cells collect traffic

more equally

Check

Avoid unnecessaryoverlapping

Put cells close to users

Agenda Day 2

5/21/2018 3g

63/152





WCDMA/GSM Co-Siting

RAN Sharing

Multilayer Planning

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyObjectives

5/21/2018 3g

64/152


- Objectives -At the end of this module you will be able to...

Name all Nokia Node Bs with theirmaximum configuration

Explain the signal flow through a Node B Locate the Node B units in a cabinet

Describe different HW configurationpossibilities for a Node B

List all antenna system components

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyOverview

5/21/2018 3g

65/152


Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS

Optima Compact

Outdoor


Supreme

Indoor Outdoor


Optima

Indoor

Complete Nokia WCDMA BTS Family for every need

Nokia UltraSiteTMWCDMA BTS for all indoor and outdoor environments

Nokia MetroSiteTMWCDMA BTS for "siteless" installations

Triple-mode Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS for joint GSM and WCDMA networks

NokiaMetroSiteWCDMA

BTS

Indoor Outdoor

Triple-modeNokia UltraSite

EDGE BTS

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyUltraSite Optima Compact

5/21/2018 3g

66/152


UltraSite Optima Compact

Small high capacity WCDMA BTS with integrated battery back-up freedom in single cabinet configurations

6 WCDMA carriers and IBBU OR12 WCDMA carriers 3 or even 6 sector configurations supported with single cabinet

3 sectors with IBBU OR6 sectors

Widest service area excellent RF performance

output power 10/20/40 W

optimized for Nokia Smart Radio Concept 2+2+2 with SRC UL/DL supported with one cabinet withoutIBBU

Single cabinet solution for quick roof-top installations unobtrusive in roof-top installations due to low cabinet height

cabinet height 1300 mm minimum floor space when battery back-up is needed

footprint less than 1m2(790 x 1200 mm) outdoor cabinet

Outdoor 1300 x 1200 x 790

mm -33C ... +50 C

IP55

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyUltraSite Optima Compact with RF Extension

5/21/2018 3g

67/152


Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyUltraSite Optima Compact with IBBU ExtensionRectifiers: 3 x BATA 3.9 kW

5/21/2018 3g

68/152


DC

Power Distribution Unit

(PDU)

Common Control Unit

(CCUA)

LTE space: 3 x HU

Batteries: 90 Ah (@ 48 V

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyUltraSite Optima Indoor

Wid t i

5/21/2018 3g

69/152




cost optimized solution for network roll-out

Highest possible capacity for every bandwidth designed to fully occupy 10 MHz band

2+2+2 supported with 1 cabinet

Fits to every site minimized site requirements due to compact size

indoor cabinet 1100 x 600 x 600 mm (H x W x D)

cabinet for indoor installationsIndoor 1100 x 600 x 600 mm -5C ... +50 C

IP20

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyUltraSite Supreme

High-capacity multimedia BTS

5/21/2018 3g

70/152


g p y supports 6 sectored solutions

up to 12 WCDMA carriers per cabinet

cabinet chaining for extreme configurations

chaining of 4 cabinets supported optimal for operators with 15 MHz band or more

1 cabinet supports up to 4+4+4 with 20Wconfigurations



full support for Nokia Smart Radio Concept 2+2+2 with SRC UL/DL supported with one cabinet

Minimized footprint smallest foot print per WCDMA carrier

indoor cabinet footprint 600 x 600 mm for 12 WCDMAcarriers

outdoor cabinet footprint 770 x 790 mm for 12 WCDMAcarriers

cabinets for indoor and outdoor installations

Outdoor 1940 x 770 x 790

mm

-33C ... +50 C IP55

Indoor 1800 x 600 x 600 mm

-5C ... +50 C IP20

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyMetroSite WCDMA

5/21/2018 3g

71/152


"Siteless" WCDMA BTS appropriate for many different applications cost-effective road-side coverage

in-fill coverage indoor services targeted coverage and capacity for hot spots multi-layer networks

Revolutionary all-in-one solution

smallest 2 carrier WCDMA BTS

everything integrated in a single cabinet base station, integrated transmission, integrated antenna andshort-term mains failure protection

common cabinet for indoor and outdoor installations

Macro BTS RF performance in micro BTS size

as good RX sensitivity as in Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS output power 8 W

996 x 270 x 392 mm -33C ... +50 C IP55

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyUltraSite EDGE/WCDMA14

5/21/2018 3g

72/152


Configurations

1+1+1, 8W 2+2+2, 4W

BTS capacity max. 10 Mbit/s per cabinet

Other features 6 GSM/EDGE TRXs and

WCDMA carriers or 12GSM/EDGE TRXs in singlecabinet

tri- sectored solutions 2-port uplink diversity as standard

AC or DC power feedOutdoor 1940 x 770 x 750 mm -33C ... +50 C IP55

Indoor 1800 x 600 x 570 mm -5C ... +50 C IP20

1 Wideband Transceiver unit (WTR)2 Wideband Power Amplifier unit (WMP)

3 Wideband Input Combiner unit (WIC)4 Wideband Antenna Filter unit (WAF)5 Wideband Suming and Multiplexing unit (6 Wideband Application Manager unit (WA7 Wideband Signal Processor unit (WSP)8 Wideband Power Supply unit (WPS)9 Wideband System Clock unit (WSC)10 ATM Multiplexer unit (AXU)11 Interface unit (IFU)12 Wideband Fan Module (WFA)13 Transmission unit (VXxx)14 Bias Tee unit (BPxx)

KEY:

8

5

6 7

1

2

9

2

2

1

111

12

10

31

3

4 4 4

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyUnit Positions in UltraSite Supreme

WEA (1pc)

5/21/2018 3g

73/152


WAF (6pcs)Antenna Filter

WEA (1pc)External AlarmUnit

WPA (6pcs)Power Amplifier

WIC(3pcs)

InputCombiner

WTR (6pcs)Transmitter &

Receiver

WSC(2pcs)SystemClock

AXU (1pc)ATM Cross-connectUnit

IFU (5pcs)InterfaceUnit

WPS(3pcs)Power Suppy

WAM (6pcs)Application

Manager

WSM (3pcs)Summing &Multiplexing

WSP(18pcs)

SignalProcessor

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyOptima and Optima Compact Configurations

5/21/2018 3g

74/152


Optima

Configuration

Number of

cabinets

Output power

per carrier

Max. HW channel

capacity / HW Rel.1

Max. HW channel

capacity / HW Rel.2

WPA version

1 carrier omni 1 20W 384 768 20W3 sector 1

carrier (1+1+1)

1 20W 384 768 20W

2+2+2 1 20W 384 768 40W

2+2+2 1 10W 384 768 20W

OptimaCompact

Configuration

Number ofcabinets

Output powerper carrier

Max. HW channelcapacity / HW Rel.1

Max. HW channelcapacity / HW Rel.2

WPA version

1 carrier omni 1 20W 384 768 20W

1+1+1 1 20W 384 768 20W

1+1+1+1+1+1 1 20W 384 768 20W

2+2+2 1 20W 384 768 20/40W4+4+4* 1 20W 384 768 40W

2+2+2+2+2+2* 1 20W 384 768 40W

*Available in Release 2

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilySupreme and Triple-Mode Configurations

5/21/2018 3g

75/152


Supreme

Configuration

Number of

cabinets

Output power

per carrier

Max. HW channel

capacity / HW Rel.1

Max. HW channel

capacity / HW Rel.2

WPA version

1 carrier omni 1 20W 576 1152 20W

1+1+1 1 20W 576 1152 20W

1+1+1 1 40W 576 1152 20/40W

1+1+1+1+1+1 1 20W 576 1152 20W

2+2+2 1 20W 576 1152 20/40W

4+4+4* 1 20W 576 1152 40W

2+2+2+2+2+2* 1 20W 576 1152 40W4+4+4+4+4+4* 2 20W 1152 2304 40W

Triple- Mode

Configuration

Number of

cabinets

Output power

per carrier

Max. HW channel

capacity / HW Rel.1

Max. HW channel

capacity / HW Rel.2

1 + 1 + 1 1 8 W 160 320

2 + 2 + 2* 1 4 W 160 320

*Available in Release 2

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilySignal Flow ATM Cross Connect

ATM Switching from/toother BS/RNC

Signal ProcessorRAKE R i (D )

Power AmplifierLi lifi ti f 1

5/21/2018 3g

76/152


WPAWSM W

S

P

W

S

P

W

S

P

WAM

AXU IFUIub

WIC

WAF

WTR

to WTR of 2. carrier

RF BB

from WTR of 2.

carrier

Tx

Rx

Bi-directional

Tx/Rx

Rx Divfrom/to WTR of 2.

carrier

from/to adj.

WSM

from/to adj.

WSM

from/to 2./3. WAM

WSC

CLK

CLK to WSM/

WTR

CLK from/to other

cabinet(s)

Interface UnitTermination point fortransmission

System ClockBaseband referenceclocks. Synchroniseswith Iub

Application ManagerATM termination point

Contol functions for BS

Summing & MuliplexingSumming Tx-Samplesfrom WSP. DistributingRx-Samples from WTR toall WSP

RAKE Receiver, (De-)Spreading, Channelcoding, ...

Transmitter & ReceiverModulation/Demodulation,Tx power control, Rxpower measurementsInput Combiner

2-way combiner & 2-way devider

Antenna FilterFilters, amplifies anddevides the Rx-signal

Linear amplification of 1to 4 carriers

WPA

TxRx

Nokia WCDMA Base Station Family1+1+1 (20/carrier) without SRC

5/21/2018 3g

77/152


WAF

RxRx

WTR

WSM

W

S

P

W

S

P

W

S

P

W

A

M

WAF

WPA

Tx

RxRx

WTR

WSM

W

S

P

W

S

P

W

S

P

W

A

M

WAF

WPA

Tx

RxRx

WTR

WSM

W

S

P

W

S

P

W

S

P

W

A

M

AXU IFUIub

WIC

WIC

WIC

RF section willchange forSRCconfigurations

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyUplink SRC 1 Carrier 20W

Ant1

5/21/2018 3g

78/152


Carrier 1WAF

WPA

Tx

RxRx

WTR

WAF

Tx

RxRx

WTR

WIC

Rx Main

Rx Div3

Rx Div2

Rx Div1

Ant1

Ant2

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyUplink & Downlink SRC 1 Carrier, 20W/Branch

A t1Tx1

5/21/2018 3g

79/152


Carrier 1WAF

WPA

Tx

RxRx

WTR

WAF

Tx

RxRx

WTR

WIC

Rx Main

Rx Div3

Rx Div2

Rx Div1

Ant1

Ant2

WPA

Tx2

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyUplink & Downlink SRC 2 Carriers, 20W/Branch

5/21/2018 3g

80/152


Carrier 1

Carrier 2

Carrier 1

Carrier 2

WAF

WAF

WIC

Tx

RxRx

Tx

RxRx

WTR

Txsum

Tx

RxRx

Tx

RxRx

WTR

Txsum

WPA

WPA

Note:

Requires Release 2Units

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyUpgrade Path

AddLPA Increased 2 carriers/ 2 carriers/

AddLPA

Add3 LPAs

5/21/2018 3g

81/152


roll-out phase1 carrier/BTS50 Erl/carrier

1st carrier

1+1+120 W

50 Erl

R

O

C

2+2+22x20 W100 Erl

2 carriers/BTS20W/carrier50Erl/carrier

Increasedpower

R

O

C

2+2+26x10 W240 Erl

2 carriers/sect10W/carrier40 Erl/carrier

2 carriers/sector

C

E

C

2+2+26x20 W300 Erl

2 carriers/sect20W/carrier50 Erl/carrier

2 carriers/sector

C

E

C

Add1 LPA

2+2+22x10 W80 Erl

2 carriers/BTS10W/carrier40 Erl/carrier

2nd carrier

R

O

C

1+1+13x20 W

150 Erl

1 carrier/sect20W/carrier50 Erl/carrier

1 carrier/sector

C

E

C

Add3 TRXs

Add3 TRXs

1+1+140 W

60 Erl

1 carrier/BTS40W/carrier60 Erl/carrier

Increasedpower

R

O

C

Add1 LPA

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyNokia SRC Capacity Growth Path

5/21/2018 3g

82/152


2+2+22 x 20W336Erl

4-way diversity for maximum cell coverage

downlink diversity for enhanced capacity

6 TRXs or

3 dual-TRXs3 LPAs40 Erl/carrier

without SRC50 Erl/carrier

+3 dBcoverage

gain- 20%capacity

4-way UL div


+75%capacity

gain

DL diversity


+60%capacity

gain

2nd carrier

1+1+120W

120Erl

1+1+120W

150Erl

1+1+12 x 20W210Erl

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyAntenna System - Overview

The WCDMA UltraSite Antenna System contains the

5/21/2018 3g

83/152


The WCDMA UltraSite Antenna System contains thefollwing components

Antennas WCDMA Masthead Amplifiers (MHA)

Bias-T, supplies WCDMA MHA with DC power throughfeeder cable, provides lightning protection (can also be usedw/o MHA)

EMP Protector, lightning protection, only needed if no Bias-T is used

Diplexers, combining/dividing two bands such as WCDMAand GSM to a common feeder line

Triplexers, combining/dividing three bands such as WCDMAGSM1800 and GSM900 to a common feeder line

Feeder and Jumper cables, Grounding kits

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyAntenna System WCDMA Panels

WCDMA Broadband Antennas

Antenna Type DimensionsWeight Frequency Range Gain Beam

Downtilt

5/21/2018 3g

84/152


Antenna Type Dimensions(kg) (MHz) (dBi) Width

Downtilt

CS72761.01 XPol F-Panel 342/155/69 mm 2.0 1710-2170 12.5 65 2

CS72761.02 XPol F-Panel 1302/155/69 mm 6.0 1710-2170 18.5 65 2

CS72761.05 Xpol F-Panel 1302/155/69 mm 7.5 1710-2170 17 88 0..8

CS72761.07 XPol F-Panel 1942/155/69 mm 10.0 1710-2170 19.5 65 0..6

CS72761.08 XPol F-Panel 1302/155/69 mm 7.5 1710-2170 18 65 0..8

CS72761.09 XPol F-Panel 662/155/69 mm 3.5 1710-2170 15.5 65 0..10

WCDMA Narrowbeam Antennas

Antenna Type DimensionsWeight

(kg)

Frequency Range

(MHz)

Gain

(dBi)

Beam

WidthDowntilt

CS727762.01 XPol F-Panel 1302/299/69 mm 12.0 1900-2170 21 30 0..8

WCDMA Dual Broadband Antennas (WCDMA/GSM1800 or SRC)


(kg)

Frequency Range

(MHz)

Gain

(dBi)

Beam

WidthDowntilt

CS72764.01 XXPol F-Panel 1302/299/69 mm 12.0 1710-2170 18.5/18.5 65/65 0..8/0..8

CS72764.02 XXPol F-Panel 1302/299/69 mm 12.0 1710-2170 17/17 85/85 0..8/0..8

WCDMA Omni Antennas


(kg)

Frequency Range

(MHz)

Gain

(dBi)

Beam

WidthDowntilt

CS727760 Omni 1570/148/112 mm 5.0 1920-2170 11 360 --

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyAntenna System - Mast Head Amplifier

Technical Data Sheet:

5/21/2018 3g

85/152


-119 dBm / 200 kHz

-37 dBm / 200 kHz

ANT port in-band 5 dBmout-of-band 20 dBm

BTS port avg 46 dBm in-band

peak 62 dBm in-band

65 dB

71 dB

65 dB

200 - 300 mA

100 msec

UMTS RX, 1920-1980

Alarm Setting Conditions

Alarm current range

Switch time

Critical Input RX filter rejections

Critical TX filter rejections

UMTS TX, 2110-2170

GSM1800, 1805-1880

Passive Intermodulation Products

PIM level in TX band

PIM level in RX band

Rated Power at Ports

+/- 0.5 dB room

+/- 0.9 dB all temps

Insertion Loss 0.6 dB

Response, other freqs0 dB within 20 MHz of

passband

3rd-order intercept 10 dBm

1dB compression -5 dBm

Noise Figure 2 dB

RX band 16 dB

TX band 18 dB

Group delay distortion 20 ns over 5 MHZ

7.0 - 8.6V, UltraSite/MetroSite

11 - 13 V , CoSited BTS

Nominal current 190 mA

Max. current 350 mA

Insertion Loss 3 dB

Return Loss 12 dB

Voltage

Return Loss, ANT and BTS ports

MHA Input Dynamic Range

Bypass Mode

Nominal gain of 12 dB

Gain, RX band

Ripple

DC Power supplied


Unit typesNokia Triplexer Unit

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyAntenna System - Diplexers / Triplexers

5/21/2018 3g

86/152


GSM 900 BTS

GSM 1800 BTS

WCDMA BTS

Insertion Loss,

Port - Common

Isolation, port to

port

Return Loss, any

port

GSM RX band

GSM 120 W avg 1.44 kW peak

UMTS 55 W avg 2.15 kW peak

-116 dBm

Rated Power at Ports

Passive Intermodulation

RF Performance

0.3 dB

50 dB

>18 dB

Nokia Triplexer UnitNokia GSM 900 / WCDMA Diplexer Unit

Nokia GSM 1800 / WCDMA Diplexer UnitSelectable DC pass function in each unit


Nokia Triplexer

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyAntenna System Bias-T

FunctionI ti l 0 3 dB

RF Performance

5/21/2018 3g

87/152


Provides DC power for MHAthrough feeder line

Lightning protection Features

Fault monitoring of MHA andAntenna line Fowards alarms to WAF Low insertion loss (

5/21/2018 3g

88/152


Feeder Type Diameter(inch) Weight(kg/m) Attenuation@2170MHz (dB/100m)

Single Repeated

CS72251 1/2 0.35 80 160 11.9

CS72252 7/8 0.55 120 250 6.52

CS72254 1 5/8 1.45 250 500 4.05

Min. BendingRadius (mm)

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyUpgrades to Current GSM Antennas

150 mm 150 mm

5/21/2018 3g

89/152


Current :

spacediversity

Upgrade :space +

polarizationdiversity

Current :polarizationdiversity

Upgrade:2 x polarization

diversity withinone radome

1

300mm

Space diversity improvesperformance 0.5..1.0 dB

compared to singleradome.

The gain of 2.5 dBassumes single radome. 260 mm

Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilySRC Antenna Solutions

5/21/2018 3g

90/152


2 pcs X-polantennas per

sector up to 3m apart formeach other

2 pcs X-polantennas per

sector installednext to eachothers

One SRCantenna per

sector. Thenumber ofantennas doesnot increase.

Agenda Day 2


5/21/2018 3g

91/152




WCDMA/GSM Co-Siting

RAN Sharing

Multilayer Planning

WCDMA/GSM Co-Siting- Objectives -

At the end of this module you will be able to

5/21/2018 3g

92/152



Describe what can cause interference inWCDMA/GSM Co-Siting

Describe the different antenna systemsharing solutions

Describe the meaning of coupling loss andisolation criteria in shared antennas

List the aspects having influence to theoverall network quality

Explain the impact of site & antenna

location to the network quality

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingCo-Siting Example: UltraSite & Citytalk

GSM 2+2+2WCDMA 2+2+2GSM

Site Space for 3 cabinets

5/21/2018 3g

93/152


Base Station Equipment: Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Suppreme with 6 Carriers, Nokia Citytalk BTS with 6 TRXs.

Transmission Equipment: Nokia FlexiHopper Microwave Radio

Separate Antennalines and SharedAntennas:

3 pcs GSM/WCDMA Dual Band X-pol antennas 65 deg Optional: Mast Head Amplifiers for one or both networks

Nokia UltraSite Support: 7.8 kW rectifier capacity with N+1 redundancy up to 180 Ah battery capacity Backup time 1 hour

Site Environmental Data: Footprint (Width mm x Depth mm)

Indoor: 1800 mm x 620 mmOutdoor: 2310 mm x 1110mm Weight: Indoor 1030 kg, Outdoor 1290 kg

WCDMA 2+2+2(10 W)

GSM2+2+2


5/21/2018 3g

94/152


GSM 2+2+2W 4+4+4+4+4+4

(10 W)

GSM2+2+2

Site Space for 4 cabinets


5/21/2018 3g

95/152


Base Station Equipment: 2 pcs Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Supreme with 12 carriers in each, Citytalk GSM BTS with 6 TRXs.

Transmission Equipment: Nokia UltraHopper Microwave Radio

Separate Antennalines and Shared Antennas: 3 pcs GSM/WCDMA Dual Band X-pol 65 deg/33 deg,

3 pcs WCDMA X-pol 33 deg antennas Optional: Mast Head Amplifiers for one or both networks

UltraSite Support: 14.3 kW rectifier capacity with N+1 redundancy up to 180 Ah battery capacity Backup time 1 hour

Site Environmental Data: Footprint (Width mm x Depth mm)

Indoor: 2400 mm x 620 mmOutdoor: 3080 mm x 1110mm Weight: Indoor 1320 kg, Outdoor 1650 kg

(10 W)2 2 2

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingInterference from Other System

GSM spurious emissions and intermodulation results of GSM1800 interfere WCDMA receiver sensitivity

5/21/2018 3g

96/152


1800 interfere WCDMA receiver sensitivity

WCDMA spurious emissions interfere GSM receiver sensitivity GSM transmitter blocks WCDMA receiver

WCDMA transmitter blocks GSM receiver

GSM1800 UL

GSM1800 DL

1710-1785MHz

1805-1880MHz

UMTSUL

UMTSDL

1920-1980MHz

2110-2170MHz

40MHz

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingInterference from Other System

Two main reasons to isolate GSM and WCDMA

Blocking

5/21/2018 3g

97/152


30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-108

-107.5

-107

-106.5

-106

-105.5

Antenna Isolation (dB)

NoisePower

(dBm)

NEW spec: -96 dBm / 0.1 MHz

g

Sensitivity

1More information: TS 25.104 and GSM 05.05

GSM1800 BTS can have up to -96 dBm / 0.1 MHz = -80 dBm / 4MHz (relation to 3,84 Mchips)spurious emissions at theantenna connector1

Thermal noise floor of theWCDMA band is -108 dBm => intheory -108 dBm - (-80 dBm) = 28dB isolation needed betweenGSM1800 and WCDMA

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingHarmonic distortion

Harmonic distortion can be a problem in the case of co-siting ofGSM900 and WCDMA

5/21/2018 3g

98/152


GSM900 and WCDMA.

GSM900 DL frequencies are 935 - 960 MHz and secondharmonics may fall into the WCDMA TDD band and into thelower end of the FDD band.

GSM900

935 - 960 MHz

WCDMA

TDD

WCDMA FDD

1920 - 1980

...

2ndharmonics

fGSM= 950 - 960 MHz

1900 -1920MHz

2nd harmonicscan be filteredout at the outputof GSM900BTS.

f

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingIM Distortion from GSM1800 DL to WCDMA UL

GSM1800 IM3 (3 meansthird order) products are

For active elements IM

5/21/2018 3g

99/152


WCDMA

DL

WCDMA

UL

GSM1800

DL

GSM1800

UL

1710 - 1785 MHz 1805 - 1880 MHz 1920 - 1980 MHz 2110 - 2170 MHz40 MHz

f1 f

2

fIM3

fIM3= 2f2- f1

third order) products are

hitting into the WCDMAFDD UL RX band if

1862.6 f21879.8 MHz

1805.2 f11839.6 MHz

X dBc

products levels are higher

than IM products produceby passive components Typical IM3 suppressiovalues for power amplifierare -30 -50 dBcdepending on frequencyspacing and offset Typical values for passelements are-100 -160 dBc

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingSpurious Emissions from GSM to WCDMA

Horizontal separation betweenantennas

B t l t 50dB

5/21/2018 3g

100/152


GSM BTS

By proper antenna placement 50dBisolation reachable

No deterioration in performance ifGSM BTS compliant with -96dBm

WCDMA BS


Nokia's diplexer/triplexer combinesGSM/WCDMA to one feeder cable

Di l /T i l i l ti > 50dB

Multiband Antenna

5/21/2018 3g

101/152


GSM BTS

Diplexer/Triplexer isolation > 50dB

No deterioration in performance ifGSM BTS compliant with -96dBm

WCDMA BS

Nokia Diplexer/ Triplexer


Multipanel Antenna in use

Antenna isolation >30dB

5/21/2018 3g

102/152


GSM BTS

Antenna isolation >30dB

General GSM requirementsfulfilled if GSM BTS compliantwith -96dBm

WCDMA BS

Multiband Antenna

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingSpurious Emissions from GSM to WCDMAWorst case scenario

>30dB isolationMultiband Antenna

5/21/2018 3g

103/152


Non-compliant GSM BTS

>30dB isolationassumption

GSM BTS spuriousemissions comply "oldspec." -30dBm

WCDMA BS

Addiotional filter needed

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingSeparate Antenna LinesTypical Requirement for Minimum Coupling Loss between GSM and WCDMA anten Nokia equipment 30 dB

Other 50 dB

5/21/2018 3g

104/152


Without Nokia Mast Head Amplifiers

GSM BTS WCDMA BTS

With Nokia Mast Head Amplifiers

WCDMA BTS

Nokia MHAsfor GSM Nokia MHAs forWCDMA

GSM BTS

Nokia Bias-Ts NokiaBias-Ts

Antennasfor GSM

Antennasfor WCDMA

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingShared Antenna Lines with Separate AntennasTypical Isolation Requirement for diplexers used with:

Nokia equipment 30 dBOther 50 dB

5/21/2018 3g

105/152


Without Nokia Mast Head AmplifiersWith Nokia Mast Head Amplifiers

GSM BTS WCDMA BTS

GSM Antenna WCDMA Antenna

Nokia GSM / WCDMADiplexer Units

GSM Antenna WCDMA Antenna

GSM BTS WCDMA BTS

Nokia Bias-Ts

Nokia OutdoorBias-Ts

Separate DC feedfor new Nokia MHAsNokia GSM/WCDMA

Diplexer Units withSelectable DC pass

Nokia MHAs for GSM Nokia WCDMA MHAs

Other 50 dB

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingShared Antenna Lines with Shared Antennas

Without Nokia Mast Head Amplifiers With Nokia Mast Head Amplifiers

5/21/2018 3g

106/152


GSM BTS WCDMA BTS

GSM/WCDMA Dual BandX-polarized antenna with

2 antenna connectors

(1800/WCDMA wideband elementor

built in diplexer function)

GSM/WCDMA

Diplexer Units inside

GSM BTS cabinet

GSM BTS WCDMA BTS

NokiaBias-Ts

NokiaOutdo

orBias-Ts

Separate DC feedfor new Nokia MHAs

Nokia GSM/WCDMADiplexer Units withSelectable DC pass

GSM/WCDMA Dual Band

X-polarized antenna with4 antenna connectors

(Separate Elements for bothSystems))

p

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingAntenna Isolation Measurement Example:

HorizontalAntenna A

(fixed)

Antenna B

UMTS Fr ont View

5/21/2018 3g

107/152


horizontal

separationdistance

direction of radiation

2000mm

1000mm

400mm

Side View

650mm

Figure 5. Sketch of measurement configuration

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingAntenna Isolation Measurement Example:

Horizontal

GSM1800 65 deg to UMTS 65 deg

H i t l l t

5/21/2018 3g

108/152


Horizontal co-polar measurements

40.00

45.00

50.00

55.00

60.00

65.00

70.00

75.00

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 1...

Distance (m)

Isolation

(dB)

1900MHz

1950MHz

1980MHz

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingAntenna isolation measurements II: Vertical

5/21/2018 3g

109/152


Figure 11. Sketch of measurement configuration

10m

Antenna B

UMTS

Antenna A

GSM1800(fixed)

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingAntenna isolation measurements II: Vertical

oise Floor

GSM1800 115 deg to UMTS 65 deg

85 00

5/21/2018 3g

110/152


50.00

55.00

60.00

65.00

70.00

75.00

80.00

85.00

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50

Distance (m)

Isolation

(dB)

1900MHz

1950MHz

1980MHz

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingPlanning Rules in Co-siting

Isolation requirement With Nokia equipment 30 dB

5/21/2018 3g

111/152


Without Nokia equipment 50 dB

GSM- WCDMA co-siting is possible if antenna isolationrequirement is fulfilled

By proper antenna placement minimum Horizontal distance (~0.3 m) minimum Vertical distance (0.25 m)

Di- or triplexer is needed in case feeder and antenna isshared between different systems

Tighter filtering is needed in Antenna line of Non-compliantGSM BTS to avoid the TX power interference to WCDMARx

Careful frequency planning in GSM won't cause interferenceto WCDMA

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingNetwork Assessment

Assessment means the evaluation existing 2G sites & antennasystem and possible interference situation for 2G/3G Co-siting

5/21/2018 3g

112/152


DesignCivil

WorksImp Integrate.

NetworkAsse

ssment

Network Planning & Site Acquisition

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingNetwork Assessment- Network Quality

Network

Requested Network Qualityas guaranteed KPI values =Equipment Quality +

5/21/2018 3g

113/152


Network Implementation Quality

Equipment Quality

Network

PlanningQuality

q p yNetwork Implementation Quality +Network Planning Quality

Network Quality does NOTdepend only from network planning

170

128 kbps

i = 0.2

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingNetwork Assessment - Dominance & little i

BTS TX power 43 dBm

D

5/21/2018 3g

114/152


0 500 1000 1500

140

145

150

155

160

165

DL throughput in kbps

Maximumpr

opagationloss(dB

) i = 0.2

i = 0.4i = 0.4

i = 0.6

i = 0.6

i = 0.8

i = 0.8

MS TX power 21 dBm

Ec/Io -16.5 dB

BTS Eb/No 1.5

MS Eb/No 5.5

Other to own cell

interference ratio i

0.2, 0.4, 0.6,

0.8

Orthogonality 0.6

Channel profile ITU Vehicular

A, 3 km/h

MS speed 3 km/h

MS/BTS NF 8 dB / 4 dB

Antenna gain 16 dBi

Doubling of the "little i" will causethroughput to decrease to 70% of the

A B C D

D

C

B

A

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingNetwork Assessment - Question

Which one of the sites is suitable for 3G ?

5/21/2018 3g

115/152


WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingNetwork Assessment - Answer Low other to own cell interference can

be achieved by planning cleardominance areas:

5/21/2018 3g

116/152


dominance areas:

The cell coverage (and overlap) must beproperly controlled. The cell shouldcover only what it is supposed to cover

Low(er) antenna heights and down tilt ofthe antennas

Use buildings and other environmentalstructures to isolate cells coverage

Use indoor solutions to take advantage ofthe building penetration loss

Avoid sites "seeing" the buildings in

horizon especially over the water orotherwise open area (due to hugeinterference)

> 3 km

< 300 m

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingNetwork Assessment - Impact of tilting

Cell A - uphill gradientCell B - downhill gradient

Connnected to

5/21/2018 3g

117/152


Too high visibilityacross the network

Has low capacity due tohuge inter-cellinterference and SHOoverhead

relativelylimitedcatchment area

significantlygreater catchmentarea

The obvious solution is toincrease the antenna downtiltto restrict the cell footprint toa more reasonable area

Connnected to

over 15 neighbours!

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingNetwork Assessment - Check List

Basic rulesProblem indicationif rule is not applied

Solutions

5/21/2018 3g

118/152


(1) Make surethere is coverage

Dropped callsBad quality

Low bit rates

(2) Avoid unnecessaryoverlapping of cells

Not clear dominance areaHigh inter-cell interference

Low capacity

(3) Locate cellsclose to users

Users at the cell edgehigh inter-cell interferencehigh soft handover overhead

Do not use this site

1. Use Antenna tilting2. Put Antennas lower3. Do not use the site

(4) Make cell sizesmatch user distribution Blocking in some cells,others do not collect traffic 1. Use Antenna tilting2. Do not use the Site

1. Use Different site2. Use Antenna tilting

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingCo-siting Optimisation Example

WCDMA 1900 Network

Identified places for optimisation

5/21/2018 3g

119/152


Urban area: high other-cell interference Rural area: a few sites collecting a lot of interference

Optimisation approaches Antenna down tilting Antenna lowering

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingCo-siting Optimisation Example - Rural Area

27 sites, 49 cells

Omni, 2-sector and 3-sectorsites

5/21/2018 3g

120/152


sites

Varying antenna heights

Area 15 km x 15 km

On average 8 km2per site

Terrain: hilly with waters

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingCo-siting Optimisation Example - Urban Area

16 sites, 48 cells

All 3-sector sites

5/21/2018 3g

121/152


similar height Area 10 km x 12 km

On average 7 km2per site

Terrain: flat without waters

WCDMA/GSM Co-Siting5 Degree Downtilt Everywhere - Capacity Down tilting everywhereimproved capacity in urban area by

13%, but reduced slightly capacity in the rural area

The urban area benefited from down tilting because of high

5/21/2018 3g

122/152


The urban area benefited from down tilting because of highoverlapping of the cells before optimisation (=high i)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

NumberofUsers

Rural Urban

Optimization Effect

Before Optim

After Optim

WCDMA/GSM Co-Siting5 Degree Downtilt Everywhere - Coverage

Coverage probability got lower in urban area after downtilting

Optimisation 2 branch Rx diversity

Indoor co erage

5/21/2018 3g

123/152


Rural

Outdoor coverageIndoor coverage

(+20 dB loss)

Speech 12.2 kbps 95% 89% 40% 37%

Data 64 kbps 85% 77% 22% 22%

Data 144 kbps 78% 68% 15% 16%

Urban

Speech 12.2 kbps99.9% 99.9% 74% 61%

Data 64 kbps 99.8% 98.6% 46% 38%

Data 144 kbps 99.1% 96.2% 33% 29%

Coverage %

reduced afterdowntilting

before after before after

before after before after

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingOptimisation Affects Neighbouring Sites

Those sites whichsuffered are close to theoptimised sites

5/21/2018 3g

124/152


p

Also the surroundingsites should beconsidered in theoptimisation

performancedecreased

optimisedsite

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingLittle i After Optimisation Urban Area

14

16

Urban Area Distb'n Other to Own (i) (Tilted)

Other to Own (i)

20 W14

16

Urban Area Distb'n Other to Own (i) (Initial)

Other to Own (i)

20 W

5/21/2018 3g

125/152


After optimisation the little i is more uniformin all cells, i.e. theperformance of the worst cells has clearly improved

Average little i 1.3 0.78

0

2

4

6

8

1012

#

ofcells

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4i

0

2

4

6

8

1012

#ofcells

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4i

12

14

16

Urban Area Distribution of Mobiles(Tilted)

usersper cell

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingNumber of Users After Optimisation Urban Area

12

14

16

Urban Area Distribution of Mobiles (Initial)

usersper cell

Worstcells

clearly

5/21/2018 3g

126/152


0

2

4

6

8

10

#

ofcells

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80MSs

After optimisation the number of users per cell is more uniforminall cells, i.e. the performance of the worst cells has clearlyimproved

Average number of users 36 41(i.e. capacity increase ~13%)

0

2

4

6

8

10

#

ofcells

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80MSs

improved

WCDMA/GSM Co-SitingSoft Handover Overhead After OptimisationSoft Hand-Off Overhead and Probability (Original)

35%

40%

45% Rural

Urban

Soft Hand-Off Overhead and Probability (Optim)

35%

40%

45%Rural

Urban

5/21/2018 3g

127/152


Soft handover overhead is reduced after optimisation in urbanarea since the cell overlapping (=little i) is reduced

Soft handover probability reduced 30% 26%

Soft handover overhead reduced 39% 33%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

SHOProb. Soft(+er)HOverhead SHOverhead AreaProb%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

SHOProb. Soft(+er)HOverhead SHOverhead AreaProb%

Agenda Day 2




5/21/2018 3g

128/152



WCDMA/GSM Co-Siting

RAN Sharing

Multilayer Planning

RAN Sharing- Objectives -


5/21/2018 3g

129/152


Explain the meaning of RAN sharing andits key benefits

Explain what network elements arepossible to be shared in RAN

Describe the most important networkplanning issues to be taken into account inRAN sharing

RAN SharingOverview Network sharing, i.e. one network operator provides the entire network

for certain area's with the other acting as a MVNO (Mobile VirtualNetwork Operator).

No impact on the radio network dimensioning

5/21/2018 3g

130/152


Geographical network sharing, i.e. one operator south, one north No impact on the radio network dimensioning

Site sharing, i.e. sharing new or existing sites including antennas, sitesupport systems and potentially transmission

No impact on the radio network dimensioning

RAN sharing (Multioperator RAN), i.e. sharing the entire RAN in aspecific area where the amount of traffic is predicted to be low, so that itdoes not make economically sense to build independent networks

RAN SharingFrom Site Sharing to RAN Sharing

Scope of sharing: RNC

Site environment

Sharing of RNCs and BTSs: Initial coverage with low service

demand

5/21/2018 3g

131/152


BTS Equipment space (cabinet) SiteSupportSystem

Transmission

Antenna and feeders (optional)

Cost savings in

Civil works Equipment (feeders, antennas,BBU)

Annual rents

Site acquisition( hunting,permissions etc)

Operational costs

Transmission (andtransmissionmanagement)

Low-traffic areas Places with limited BTS sites, e.g.

subways

Fewer sites with largerconfigurations when

Environmental impact counts

Up to 4 operators with own: Core networks

Services

Network Management System

Dedicated RAN from any vendor innon-shared areas

RAN SharingConcept

Shared BTS

Operator 1PS CN Shared RNC

Frequency 1

Operator 1CS CN

MNC 1

MNC 1
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3//NCSBSR24OU/MKOIVULU$/Ty%C3%B6t/T%C3%B6it%C3%A4&versioita/DirectCost/NORA_directcost_copy010600.xlshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3//NCSBSR24OU/MKOIVULU$/Ty%C3%B6t/T%C3%B6it%C3%A4&versioita/DirectCost/NORA_directcost_copy010600.xlshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3//NCSBSR24OU/MKOIVULU$/Ty%C3%B6t/T%C3%B6it%C3%A4&versioita/DirectCost/NORA_directcost_copy010600.xls

5/21/2018 3g

132/152


3) dedicated BTS for each operator

2) cabinet and BB shareddedicated WAF,WPA, WTR

1) cabinet, BB, WAF, WPA shareddedicated WTRReqired: Frequencies within 20MHz band!

Operator 2CS CN

Frequency 2

Operator 2PS CN

OSS ofone operator

or Multi-RAN OSS

MNC 2

MNC 2

1. Sharing whole BTS including WPA:

TXRXRX

WTRANT1/1

ANT2/1

WAF

DPX

WPA

28/50 W

Operator specific

RAN SharingConcept
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3//NCSBSR24OU/MKOIVULU$/Ty%C3%B6t/T%C3%B6it%C3%A4&versioita/DirectCost/NORA_directcost_copy010600.xlshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3//NCSBSR24OU/MKOIVULU$/Ty%C3%B6t/T%C3%B6it%C3%A4&versioita/DirectCost/NORA_directcost_copy010600.xlshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3//NCSBSR24OU/MKOIVULU$/Ty%C3%B6t/T%C3%B6it%C3%A4&versioita/DirectCost/NORA_directcost_copy010600.xlshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3//NCSBSR24OU/MKOIVULU$/Ty%C3%B6t/T%C3%B6it%C3%A4&versioita/DirectCost/NORA_directcost_copy010600.xls

5/21/2018 3g

133/152


NOTE: Frequencies needto be within 20 MHz band

TXRXRX

WTR

Common AntennasystemWAF and WPA

2. Cabinet and BB shared:

Common Antennasystem(feeders, antennas, MHAs)

ANT1/1

ANT2/1

DPX

TXRXRX

WTR

WAF

DPX

TXRXRX

WTR

WPA

28/50 W

WPA

28/50 W

Operator specificWTR, WPA andWAF

- no frequency restriction

- higher outputpower per carrier- with Rel.2 units up to 4+4+4/20W

per carrier

RAN SharingHow Operators can work with shared RAN ?

Each Operator has own

PLMN -id

Carrier Frequency

RRM parameters & traffic Monitoring

5/21/2018 3g

134/152


Neighbour cell lists (own Inter-System HO decisions)

Operators may add independently BTS where theywant to provide better coverage or more capacity

Due to own Frequencies and PLMN-id.

Operator specific cell is possible Mobile Stations (MS) can show appropriate operator logo Global roaming easy

No extra support features f

document3g

Documents

open loop power control

date nnagenda day

rrm entities

controllable traffic

interactive class

background class

use of capacity rrm

ps datarate