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3G - CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Technologies

3G - CDMA2000 1xEV-DO TECHNOLOGIESCDMA2000 1xEV-DO (Evolution-Data Optimized) introduces new high-speed packet-switched transmissiontechniques that are specifically designed and optimized for a data-centric broadband network that can deliverpeak data rates beyond 2 Mbps in a mobile environment. CDMA2000 1xEV-DO was approved as an IMT-2000standard (cdma2000 High Rate packet Data Air Interface, IS-856) at the ITU Stockholm Conference in 2001.

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0 | CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision A (Rev A) | CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision B

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0

CDMA200 1xEV-DO Release 0 (Rel 0) offers high-speed data access of up to 2.4 Mbps and i t was the firstmobile broadband technology deployed worldwide, in 2002 in South Korea.

Key features of Rel 0 include:

Broadband data: Provides a peak data rate of 2.4 Mbps in the forward link and 153 kbps in the reverse

link in a single 1.25 MHz FDD carrier. In commercial networks, Rel 0 delivers average throughput of300-700 kbps in the forward link and 70-90 kbps in the reverse link Offers an "always on" user experience Leverages the existing suite of Internet Protocols (IP), and hence supports IP-based network

connectivity and software applications Applications: Supports broadband data applications, such as broadband Internet or VPN access, MP3

music downloads, 3D gaming, TV broadcasts, video and audio downloads. In many countries, it hasbeen deployed as a DSL substitute.

In most all cases, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO devices include a CDMA2000 1X modem to be compatible withCDMA2000 1X and cdmaOne systems.

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0 network diagram

In addition to the air interface techniques described in the previous section on CDMA2000 1X, the followingnew high-speed packet data transmission enhancements are incorporated into CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rel 0:

High-Speed Packet-Switched Downlink Channelization Structure bundling downlink resourcesinto a packet data channel to enable high-speed data rate transmissions by combining all of theavailable Walsh codes and power

Fast and Adaptive Modulation and Coding Schemes to optimize the delivery of packets based on

changes in the radio environment Fast and Adaptive Packet Data Scheduling to rapidly adapt to changes in the radio link Fast Hybrid ARQ to acknowledge correct receipt of data and retransmit erroneous data Incremental Redundancy Feedback in the Downlink to increase the effective data rate in the

uplink by terminating the transmission of a packet early if it is decoded earlier than expected Fast Downlink Rate Control to rapidly adjust to changes in the radio environment Uplink Rate Control to efficiently control the transmission of mobile devices Downlink Multiple User Separation to efficiently assign the downlink channel to users Downlink Transmission Signaling to indicate the downlink modulation and coding Closed Loop Downlink Power Control to reduce power used by the base station Uplink Rate Detection to enable correct decoding of uplink data traffic Short Transmission Time Intervals (TTI) to accelerate the transmission of packets

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rel 0 Deployments

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CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision A (Rev A)

Rev A is an evolution of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rel 0 that increases peak rates on reverse and forward links tosupport a wide-variety of symmetric, delay-sensitive, real-time, and concurrent voice and broadband dataapplications. It also incorporates OFDM technology to enable multicasting (one-to-many) multimedia contentdelivery.

Rev. As more symmetric uplink speeds enable users to send large files, email with attachments, highresolution photographs and personal videos from their mobile devices. With its low network latency, servicetiering with Quality of Service (QoS) and IP-based broadband architecture, Rev A is able to support time-sensitive applications, such as Voice over IP (VoIP), Push-to-Talk (PTT) and video telephony. Rev A waslaunched in October 2006, and it is the only All-IP, advanced broadband technology commercially deployedtoday.

Key features of Rev A include:

Improved broadband speeds : Provides a peak data rate of 3.1 Mbps in the forward link and 1.8 Mbpsin the reverse link in a 1.25 MHz FDD carrier. In commercial networks, Rev A achieves averagethroughput of 450-800 kbps in the forward link and 300-400 kbps in the reverse link

Higher spectral efficiency : Supports1.2 times Rel 0 forward link sector capacity and3.4 times reverselink sector capacity. Increased rate quantization on both forward and reverse link enables more efficientuse air link resources, better network utilization and lower cost of delivery

Increased Capacity On both the forward and reverse link, Rev A allows operators to support moreusers and it improves the cost of del ivering voice, data and multimedia services.

Symmetry By increasing uplink speeds, Rev A is the first commercially available wireless technologyto deliver a true synchronic broadband experience. Symmetry is important for applications where userssend packets of data as often as they receive them, such as receiving and sending email withattachments.

Low latency : The average latency of Rev A is below 50 milliseconds, making it ideal for delay-sensitive applications.

Advanced Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms that support the prioritization and delivery ofindividual packets based on the type of application or user profile. These mechanisms ensure aconsistent, high-quality user experience.

All-IP: Internet Protocol (IP) is the foundation for CDMA2000 radio access networks. Like 1xEV-DO Rel0, All-IP Rev A networks provide operators service flexibility and higher bandwidth efficiencies, whichtranslate into greater control and significant cost savings.

Advanced services : Enables the enhanced performance of real-time broadband, symmetric data link,and delay sensitive services such as VoIP, push-to-talk (PTT), push-to-media (PTM), videoconferencing, multicasting, and rich 3D gaming with multiple players.

Backward compatibility: Rev A networks support existing Rel 0 applications and devices. Thisbackward compatibility preserves an operators previous network investments. Rev A it is backwardscompatible with 1X and cdmaOne systems through multi-mode devices .

In addition to the air interface techniques used in CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO Rel 0, the following new high-speed packet-switched uplink techniques are incorporated into CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev A:

Fast Uplink Rate Control to efficiently control the transmission of mobile devices Fast Hybrid ARQ in Uplink to acknowledge correct receipt of data and retransmit erroneous data Incremental Redundancy Feedback in Uplink to increase the effective data rate in the downlink by

terminating the transmission of a packet early if it is decoded earlier than expected Uplink Channelization to enable better control of the uplink data flows Short Transmission Time Interval (TTI) to accelerate the transmission of packets

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev A deployments

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev A devices

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision A: The Gateway to True Mobile Broadband MultimediaBy CDMA Development Group, August 2006

Mobile VoIP Over 1xEV-DO

By Paul Callahan, VP, Businesss Development, Airvana, July, 2006

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision B

The Revision B (Rev B) is an evolutionary step of Rev A that consists of aggregating multiple EV-DO Rev Achannels to provide higher performance for multimedia delivery, bi-directional data transmissions and VoIP-based concurrent services. The Rev B standard was published by the Third Generation Partnership Project 2(3GPP2) under document number 3GPP2 C.S0024-B and by the Telecommunications Industry Association(TIA) and Electronics Industry Association as TIA/EIA/IS-856-B. Rev B will be commercially available in 2008.

Rev B builds on the efficiencies of Rev A by introducing the concept of dynamically scalable bandwidth.Through aggregation of multiple 1.25 MHz Rev A channels, Rev B enables data traffic to flow over more thanone carrier and hence improve user data rates, latencies on both forward and reverse link. Peak data rates are


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bandwidth, Rev B delivers peak rates of 46.5 Mbps in forward link and 27 Mbps in the reverse link. With the 64-QAM scheme, the peak data rate in the forward link increase in a single 1.25 MHz carrier to 4.9 Mbps, anaggregated 5 MHz will deliver up to 14.7 Mbps and within 20 MHz of bandwidth up to 73.5 Mbps. By increasingthe bandwidth, an operator can support more users per sector or lower their cost per megabyte to encouragelonger usage. To achieve this performance, the 1.25 MHz carriers do not have to be adjacent to one another,thus giving operators the flexibility to combine blocks of spectrum from different bands. This is unique benefit ofRev B that is not available to WCDMA/HSDPA.

In addition to supporting mobile broadband data and OFDM-based multicasting, the lower latencycharacteristics of Rev B improve the performance of delay-sensitive applications such as VoIP, push-to-talk,video telephony, concurrent voice and multimedia and multiplayer online gaming. Rev. B also allows operatorsto consider the deployment of hot zones where the demand for data is high.

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