3dec version 5.0 3dec version 5 - image version 5.0 an itasca ... ascii files and fluid-flow...
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VERSION 5.03DEC
An Itasca International Company
Inc.Consulting Group,
ITASCA
Advanced, Three Dimensional Discrete Element Modeling
for Geotechnical Analysis of Rock, Blocky Structures and Structural Support
VERSION 5.03DEC
An Itasca International Company
Inc.Consulting Group,
ITASCA
Advanced, Three Dimensional Discrete Element Modeling
for Geotechnical Analysis of Rock, Blocky Structures and Structural Support
ABOUT 5.03DEC
2
3DEC 5.0
CONTENTS
About 3DEC . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
New in 5.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Optional Modules . . . . . . . 10
Introduction
3DEC
3DEC
is numerical modeling software for advanced
geotechnical analysis of soil, rock, blocky structures and struc-
tural support in three dimensions. simulates the
response of discontinuous media (such as jointed rock or
masonry structures) that are subject to either static or dynamic
loading.
Slope failures caused by interaction of large-
scale structures.
Displacement contours are shown.
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Discontinuous medium is modeled as an assemblage of poly-
hedra blocks which may be rigid or made deformable through
zoning. Fractures are treated as boundary conditions between
blocks. Motion along discontinuities is governed by linear and
nonlinear force-displacement relations for movements in both
the normal and shear directions.
Ancient temple undergoing a simulated earthquake using the
dynamic option.
Hydraulic and seismic
analyses were modeled
for a dam. Free-field
meshes provided the
lateral dynamic
boundary conditions.
FEATURES
4
3DEC FACTS
3DEC
3DEC
is an accurate and
efficient geotechnical
analysis tool, using an
explicit solution scheme that
gives stable solutions to
unstable processes.
can model large surface
and underground
excavations and masonry
structures.
3DEC 5.0
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Single-precision, double-precision, 32-bit and 64-bit
versions all come standard.
Automatic mesh generation in fully deformable blocks.
Automatic time-step calculation.
, Itasca’s built-in scripting language, provides powerful
user-control to parameterize, analyze and control nearly
every aspect of the simulation.
UDM or user-defined models (optional).
Explicit time-marching solution that provides realistic path
dependent post-peak failure behavior in joints and plastic
zones.
Beam and cable structural elements (and liners, optionally),
with general coupling to blocks, are included.
Nodal Mixed Discretization to provide more accurate
solutions for certain plasticity analyses.
Automatic Factor of Safety (FOS) calculation based on the
Shear Strength Reduction (SSR) method for Mohr-Coulomb
and Hoek-Brown materials.
Extensive, fast interactive menu-based 3D OpenGL
onscreen graphics.
Interactive mouse provides point-and-click control of model
views as well as the ability to measure and query plot views.
Built-in text editor provides command syntax error checking
and context sensitive help.
Tunnel region generator.
Statistical joint-set generator.
Effective stress calculations are performed using pore-
pressure gradients.
Mechanical models can be fully coupled with both joint fluid
flow and thermal (optional) models.
Null blocks can be specified to simulate excavation and
backfill simulation without deleting the block.
DXF import for visualization.
Motion absorbing boundaries and wave input for fully
dynamic (optional) response.
“Infinite domain” models can be simulated using
inner/outer region coupling.
FISH
Standard material models
include the following:
Elastic
Anisotropic
Mohr-Coulomb
Hoek-Brown*
Ubiquitous joints
Bilinear plasticity
Strain-softening
Visco-plastic creep
Visco-elastic creep
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*Both Hoek-Brown and modified
Hoek-Brown constitutive models are
included.
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Discrete fractures of limited extent can
be created within a model by defining
different intact and joint properties
along through-going cuts.
now features a probabilistic
Discrete Fracture Network (DFN)
generator. DFNs also can be imported
and exported.
3DEC
The graphic user interface has
been updated and can be customized.
3DEC
NEW IN 5.0
6
3DEC 5.0
Vastly Improved Performance
� Overall model construction and run-times are much faster
now due to more rapid block cutting and deletion processes
combined with faster calculation cycling (for both small-
and large-strain) on multi-threaded computers. A
timing test* (shown, in-part, below) demonstrated a 16x
overall performance improvement.
3DEC
User-Interface Additions
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Projects permit files and plots to be combined.
Command-level UNDO: A complete record of all
commands used to create a model is recorded in the model
save file.
Interface panes can be adjusted and customized.
Context sensitive HTML help is now available.
Additional methods of filtering objects: If connected to
interfaces, if on model surface, filter by object extent instead
of centroid, etc.
16x
OverallFASTER
* Performance factor is based on a model consisting of 40,000 blocks
and 800,000 zones generated with 31,000 construction cuts, 7380
fractures and 3,560 block deletions. The model was run for 10,000
steps using a 2.9 GHz i7 3520M computer processor with 4 cores was
used. Results will vary from problem to problem.
7
New Grid Generation Tools
� Import or generate Discrete Fracture Networks (DFN) and
assign properties to them based on joint orientation, size
and position distributions as well as fracture density.
Visualization of model results (stress, displacement, etc.)
and the selection and filtering of discontinuities can be done
using the DFN.
Geometry surfaces and volumes can be used to group and
filter objects.
DENSIFY command automatically densifies blocks, utilizing
an Octree structure, in target areas for increased
discretization.
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Even Better Plotting
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Import or Even Better Plotting
Improved quality of printed output: 2D data is drawn at
maximum printer resolution.
Additional Plot Export options: Postscript, VRML, SVG and
raw data to spreadsheet formats. VRML plots can be used to
create 3D PDFs.
Improved plot view controls and full Unicode support.
A rock block in a tunnel is predicted to fall without support. Both cables or a liner stabilize the block.
Shown above, cables indicate axial load while the liner displays maximum moments.
MORE NEW IN 5.0
8
Enhanced FISH
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Many improvements have been added to , Itasca’s
powerful built-in scripting language that permits users to
control, monitor, parameterize and customize most aspects
of a model.
EXTRA variables and GROUPS have been added for blocks,
zones, gridpoints and contacts; input to functions,
command in-line FISH, ELSE IF, EXIT LOOP, APPEND of
ASCII files and fluid-flow functions are just some of the new
features.
FISH
FISH
3DEC 5.0
3DEC FACTS
3DEC
3DEC
has been applied
successfully in a number of
fields, including mining, civil,
petroleum, chemical and waste
isolation engineering projects
throughout the world, and at
Itasca.
Because Itasca is both an
engineering consulting firm and
a software developer, is
developed in a practical
environment driven by
considerations derived from
real-world problems.
To enhance and simplify model interpretation, new model-result
plotting tools include zone plotting, isosurafce contouring and
surface painting.
9
New Results Interpretation Tools
Other New Features Include
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Zone plotting.
Joint-surface property plotting.
3D isosurface contouring of zone and gridpoint data.
Model results can be painted (contoured) now onto
geometry surfaces imported from DXF or STL formats.
Voxel plotting.
New “WALL” block type. Calculations for wall motion and
wall-to-wall contacts are skipped, speeding up model runs.
The Modified Hoek-Brown constitutive model is now
compatible with factor of safety calculations.
Projects can be Packed and Unpacked to more readily share
or archive your work.
Pore pressure plot of jointed rock under-going hydraulic
fracturing. The model DFN can be seen in the circular insert.
Many new plot items are now
available.
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Joint structure
Block structure
Displacement and velocity
vectors and contours
Zone stresses
Joint plane displacements
and stresses
Structural element
displacements and stresses
Fluid flow apertures and
velocities
OPTIONAL MODULES
10
3DEC FACTS
UDM DLL models can be
shared through an Itasca
website devoted specifically to
model development and
exchange:
www.itasca-udm.com
Options in are sold separately from the software license.
These options provide rich, powerful additions to the base soft-
ware allowing users to augment the program’s functionality
according to their analysis needs.
Models the full dynamic response of a system in the time
domain. Capabilities include: specification of velocity or stress-
wave input, quiet boundaries, free-field conditions and
damping (mass- and stiffness- proportional Rayleigh).
Problems such as seismic loading, explosive loading, seismic
release of energy and flow of particles may be simulated.
Effects of heat sources embedded in a material are modeled
with this option. Both numerical and analytical formulas are
included. Point heat sources may be placed individually, in
lines, or in grids, to represent point, line or plane sources of
heating. The analytic formula yields rapid calculations.
Mechanical and fluid coupling is supported in the numerical
formula. Inhomogeneous and anisotropic mechanical proper-
ties are supported.
This option adds the ability to model tunnel liners and external
structures (such as dams, bridges, walls, buildings, etc.). The
tunnel liner logic automatically places equally spaced triangu-
lar-shaped plates on the inside surface of an excavation or
tunnel. External structures can be modeled using finite ele-
ments that are attached to the model.
User-defined constitutive models (UDM) can be written in C++
and compiled as DLL files that can be loaded as required. A
Visual C++ Version 2010 compiler is used to compile the DLL
files. This permits exchange of constitutive models among
users. Models may be shared with other Itasca software prod-
ucts that contain this feature ( , and ).
3DEC
3DEC
FLAC FLAC3D UDEC
Dynamic
Thermal
Structural Elements (Liners)
UDM
3DEC 5.0
Underground waste repository
tunnel showing temperature
contours and displacement
vectors.
11
KUBRIX® Geo Block Generator
An optional software tool, can seamlessly gen-
erate 3D blocks ready for import into . This unique auto-
matic grid generator can create complex models for the
efficient generation of multi-scale, boundary-fitted models. The
blocks produced conform to material, group or region bound-
aries with fractures being converted to joints or contact sur-
faces in .
For more information:
KUBRIX® Geo
3DEC
3DEC
3DEC
www.itascacg.com/kubrixgeo/index.php
An open pit created using . A section though the
model reveals its block structure
KUBRIX Geo
VERSION 5.03DEC
An Itasca International Company
Inc.Consulting Group,
ITASCA
For more information, visit our site:
(612) 371-4711
www.itascacg.com
Suggested System Minimums
Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7 and
Windows 8; 10 GB free space on hard drive; 2
GB RAM; Graphics card with OpenGL 1.3 or
higher; 1GHz or better processor.
Standard License Includes
3DEC 3DEC
3DEC
Version 5.0; installation DVD;
software security via USB hardware lock;
softbound book and PDF copies of the
Manual in 9 volumes: ,
, ,
, ,
& ,
, and
.
User’s Guide Command
Reference FISH in 3DEC Theory and
Background Optional Features Verification
Problems Example Applications Constitutive
Models Creep Material Models Plot
Command Reference
Support
Free: Software updates and support
information via website; free direct support for
software installation and general software
operation. Free admission to a regularly
scheduled training course for one person.
Fee-based: Engineering consulting or model
generation support is available.
Sales
Locations of Itasca offices and agents
throughout the world, including a locator to
determine the user’s sales office/agent,
are available from the Itasca website:
3DEC
www.itascacg.com/software/sales.php
Supplemental Software Available*
User Defined Models (UDM), Dynamic
Analysis, Thermal Analysis and Structural
Liners.
*These options are included at an additional cost.
Follow Itasca
SUMMARY
Advanced, Three Dimensional Discrete Element Modeling
for Geotechnical Analysis of Rock, Blocky Structures and Structural Support