3d printing: what’s realistic for tvis? - perkins … · 3d printing: what’s realistic for...
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3D Printing: What’s Realistic for TVIs?
Joan Horvath & Rich Cameron
2/26/2018 1
Topics • What is a 3D printer? • Technology issues
– Common types of Printers – Materials
• Workflow and issues • Making a good teaching model • Where to learn more
3D printing
– The piece gets bigger
as you work on it – Build up one layer at
a time – Overhanging pieces
may require support
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Filament-based printers
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Printing with Filament(FFF)
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SLA/DLP (resin)
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SLA - Resin Printers (Formlabs Form 2) https://formlabs.com/3d-printers/form-2/
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Images courtesy of Formlabs
Filament vs SLA/DLP
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Filament SLA/DLP
Cost of machine $300-$3000 $1000-$4000
Cost of unit of material $30-$50/kg $50-$150/liter
Material handling Easy ( spool of plastic filament)
Moderate (resin, cleanup chemicals)
Smallest feature size About 1 mm About 0.1 mm
Use any STL file Yes, with support Yes, with (different) support
Post process options Sanding, clipping off support, painting
Same
Bottom line Easiest to use, cheaper Better resolution (e.g. labels on tactile graphs, delicate, complex objects)
Making 3d Printable Models
• Consider – Layer lines (not smooth surface) – Feature size needed – Need for support (might be fixed with orientation,
cutting part into pieces) – Braille labels? (Can always paste on instead – this
seems to be a best practice)
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3D Printing Workflow
• Make a 3D CAD file, or – Download a file from a database – Scan existing object (not very mature yet)
• “Slice” the file into layers – Some printers have proprietary software that does
stuff for you, but limit options
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3D CAD programs
• OpenSCAD (has non-visual interface option) • Tinkercad • Onshape • Blender • Sketchup, Maya, many others
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OpenSCAD (OpenSCAD.org)
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Code-based modeler- openscad.org
OpenSCAD command-line workflow
• On a Mac or Linux machine – Open terminal window – Launch the program from the command line
• On Windows – Online documentation for command prompt
• See manual at www.openscad.org for options and capabilities
• Screen reader works for menus but not editing (entirely)
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Examples: Teaching Models (All created in OpenSCAD)
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All Models Same Volume
https://hackaday.io/project/11312-3d-prints-for-teachers-of-the-visually-impaired
Hollow, with lids
NACA airfoil model allows selecting airfoil type, taper, sweep. Put model on a postal scale in front of a fan and measure how the weight appears to fall due to lift.
From Horvath & Cameron (2016), 3D Printed Science Projects. New York: Apress
Airfoil OpenSCAD
Orbits of comets & planets Height is orbital speed - Kepler’s
Laws in plastic
From Horvath & Cameron (2016), 3D Printed Science Projects. New York: Apress
Hacker Calculus http://hackaday.io/project/20621-hacker-calculus
Calculus intuitively!
Laser cutting vs. 3D printing Laser Cutting 3D Printing Requires 2D model (.DXF) Requires 3D model (.STL) Fast (can make a bunch of parts)
Slow
Produces 2D part (can etch) Produces 3D part Expensive machine ($12-20K) Much less expensive machine
($1-2K), less prep Wood, acrylic, paper, cardboard, NOT some plastics, and etch metal
PLA, ABS, nylon, others
Significant facility preparation (venting, fire risk)
Minimal facility prep
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Where to Learn More: our Books
Where to Learn Even More
• Our website: www.nonscriptum.com • Check out our Lynda.com or LERN Network
online classes, under the “classes” tab • Join our Google group, linked under the
“projects” tab • Contact us
Joan Horvath [email protected] Rich Cameron [email protected]