3d printing change this title. what is 3d printing? another name for rapid prototyping or rp for...
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![Page 1: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
3D Printing
Change this title
![Page 2: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is 3D Printing?
• Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short
![Page 3: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is 3D Printing?
• Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short• Describes a class of processes by which a CAD (virtual)
model is transformed into a real (physical) model or object using computer controlled fabrication machines (images)
![Page 4: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What is 3D Printing?
• Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short• Describes a class of processes by which a CAD (virtual)
model is transformed into a real (physical) model or object using computer controlled fabrication machines (images)
• All RP processes use an additive fabrication approach
![Page 5: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is 3D Printing?
• Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short• Describes a class of processes by which a CAD (virtual)
model is transformed into a real (physical) model or object using computer controlled fabrication machines (images)
• All RP processes use an additive fabrication approach• What’s additive fabrication?
![Page 6: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Additive fabrication
• An additive process:
![Page 7: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Additive fabrication
• An additive process:– Starts with nothing…
![Page 8: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Additive fabrication
• An additive process:– Starts with nothing…– Builds the model up by adding material or components
![Page 9: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Additive fabrication
• An additive process:– Starts with nothing…– Builds the model up by adding material or components– Material is added by depositing, gluing, fastening…
![Page 10: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Additive fabrication
• An additive process:– Starts with nothing…– Builds the model up by adding material or components– Material is added by depositing, gluing, fastening…
• Typical architectural scale example:– Building a structure out of bricks
![Page 11: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:
![Page 12: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object
![Page 13: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design
![Page 14: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design– Material is removed by cutting, stamping, burning, chemical
etching…
![Page 15: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design– Material is removed by cutting, stamping, burning, chemical
etching…
• Typical architectural scale example:– Building a Swiss military base inside a mountain…
![Page 16: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design– Material is removed by cutting, stamping, burning, chemical
etching…
• Typical architectural scale example:– Building a Swiss military base inside a mountain…
• Prototyping can also done subtractively
![Page 17: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design– Material is removed by cutting, stamping, burning, chemical
etching…
• Typical architectural scale example:– Building a Swiss military base inside a mountain…
• Prototyping can also done subtractively• Usually this is done with CNC milling
![Page 18: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design– Material is removed by cutting, stamping, burning, chemical
etching…
• Typical architectural scale example:– Building a Swiss military base inside a mountain…
• Prototyping can also done subtractively• Usually this is done with CNC milling• Mostly we would call this just Prototyping and not Rapid
Prototyping
![Page 19: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design– Material is removed by cutting, stamping, burning, chemical
etching…
• Typical architectural scale example:– Building a Swiss military base inside a mountain…
• Prototyping can also done subtractively• Usually this is done with CNC milling• Mostly we would call this just Prototyping and not Rapid
Prototyping• Will not be covered here
![Page 20: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What Else?
• There is also a 3rd process – Deformation…
![Page 21: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What Else?
• There is also a 3rd process – Deformation…– Material is neither added nor removed, the part just changes
shape
![Page 22: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What Else?
• There is also a 3rd process – Deformation…– Material is neither added nor removed, the part just changes
shape
• Deformation uses heat and/or pressure and often some kind of form
![Page 23: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What Else?
• There is also a 3rd process – Deformation…– Material is neither added nor removed, the part just changes
shape
• Deformation uses heat and/or pressure and often some kind of form
• Examples: vacuum forming, sheet metal embossing, folding
![Page 24: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What Else?
• There is also a 3rd process – Deformation…– Material is neither added nor removed, the part just changes
shape
• Deformation uses heat and/or pressure and often some kind of form
• Examples: vacuum forming, sheet metal embossing, folding• Typical architectural scale example:
– check out the original aluminum EPFL siding panels
![Page 25: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What Else?
• There is also a 3rd process – Deformation…– Material is neither added nor removed, the part just changes
shape
• Deformation uses heat and/or pressure and often some kind of form
• Examples: vacuum forming, sheet metal embossing, folding• Typical architectural scale example:
– check out the original aluminum EPFL siding panels
• Will not be covered here
![Page 26: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Putting it all together…
• It’s rare when something is built exclusively with one process
![Page 27: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Putting it all together…
• It’s rare when something is built exclusively with one process
• Most things are made using a combination of these 3 processes
![Page 28: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Putting it all together…
• It’s rare when something is built exclusively with one process
• Most things are made using a combination of these 3 processes
• …but that’s another story.
![Page 29: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction
![Page 30: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
![Page 31: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
• Thus it’s not really 3D in a true sense…
![Page 32: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
• Thus it’s not really 3D in a true sense…• It’s more like a serial 2D process
![Page 33: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
• Thus it’s not really 3D in a true sense…• It’s more like a serial 2D process
– The mathematics are actually much simpler than something truly 3D(like 3D surface CNC milling) – it’s just a series of flat slices (curves)
![Page 34: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
• Thus it’s not really 3D in a true sense…• It’s more like a serial 2D process
– The mathematics are actually much simpler than something truly 3D(like 3D surface CNC milling) – it’s just a series of flat slices (curves)
• Various processes have different ways of building up the material
![Page 35: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
• Thus it’s not really 3D in a true sense…• It’s more like a serial 2D process
– The mathematics are actually much simpler than something truly 3D(like 3D surface CNC milling) – it’s just a series of flat slices (curves)
• Various processes have different ways of building up the material
• The resolution, precision, object size also vary according to process
![Page 36: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
• Thus it’s not really 3D in a true sense…• It’s more like a serial 2D process
– The mathematics are actually much simpler than something truly 3D(like 3D surface CNC milling) – it’s just a series of flat slices (curves)
• Various processes have different ways of building up the material
• The resolution, precision, object size also vary according to process
• As do the mechanical characteristics and possible materials
![Page 37: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
A few of the more common processes…
![Page 38: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
A few of the more common processes…• Stereolithography (SLA)
– A laser beam hardens layers in a bath of liquid resin
• Materials: Various plastics• Characteristics: Highest precision, transparent possible• Machine cost: Very expensive Part cost: High
![Page 39: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
A few of the more common processes…• Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
– Heats (softens) and extrudes a solid thermoplastic wire
• Materials: Various plastics (ABS, polycarbonate)• Characteristics: Low precision, strong parts, long print times• Machine cost: Moderate (size dependent) Part cost: Medium
![Page 40: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
A few of the more common processes…• Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
– A laser beam fuses particles (powder) together to form solid layer
• Materials: Plastics, metals, composites• Characteristics: Medium to high precision• Machine cost: Very expensive Part cost: High
![Page 41: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
A few of the more common processes…• Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
– Laminates layers of sheet material and cuts them out (plastic, paper)
• Materials: Plastic (PVC), paper (no longer made)• Characteristics: Relatively low precision, semi-transparent parts• Machine cost: Very inexpensive (Solido) Part cost: Medium
![Page 42: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
A few of the more common processes…• Polymer Inkjet printing (PolyJet)
– Prints a thick ink that hardens with UV light (plastic, rubber)
• Materials: Plastics, elastomer• Characteristics: High precision, semi-transparent parts, multi-
material possible• Machine cost: Expensive Part cost: Medium
![Page 43: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
A few of the more common processes…• 3D Printing – inkjet binder – (Z Corp)
– Inkjet prints a glue (binder) onto a powder to solidify layer
• Materials: Plaster, starch, ceramic• Characteristics: Med-low precision, somewhat fragile parts, fast
print• Machine cost: Moderate Part cost: Low
![Page 44: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
A few of the more common processes…• Wax printers – (Solidscape, Thermojet)
– Melts and deposits fine wax droplets to make layers
• Materials: Wax metal (lost wax castings for jewelry, medical, etc.)
• Characteristics: High to very high precision• Machine cost: High to moderate Part cost: Medium
![Page 45: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
And, for a change of scale…
![Page 46: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Back to our small scale… at the EPFL…
![Page 47: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
What do we need to start…?
![Page 48: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
What do we need to start…?
• A 3D Computer (CAD) model in most any form…
![Page 49: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
![Page 50: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like– As long as it’s Rhino…
![Page 51: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
• Model MUST be one or more CLOSED volumes
![Page 52: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
• Model MUST be one or more CLOSED volumes• Model must be in MM at model size
![Page 53: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
• Model MUST be one or more CLOSED volumes• Model must be in MM at model size• Make an appointment to see Mitch for advice
![Page 54: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
• Model MUST be one or more CLOSED volumes• Model must be in MM at model size• Make an appointment to see Mitch for advice• Advise us as far in advance as possible if you want to print
something
![Page 55: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
• Model MUST be one or more CLOSED volumes• Model must be in MM at model size• Make an appointment to see Mitch for advice• Advise us as far in advance as possible if you want to print
something• If modeling in Rhino, bring file in Rhino (.3dm) format
![Page 56: 3D Printing Change this title. What is 3D Printing? Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103015/55163e7e550346b2068b5213/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
• Model MUST be one or more CLOSED volumes• Model must be in MM at model size• Make an appointment to see Mitch for advice• Advise us as far in advance as possible if you want to print
something• If modeling in Rhino, bring file in Rhino (.3dm) format• If modeling in other software, bring model in .stl format