3d laser imaging for pavement survey at 60 mph and true
TRANSCRIPT
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3D Laser Imaging for Pavement Survey at 60 mph and True 1mm
Resolution
Kelvin C. P. Wang
Oklahoma State University & WayLink [email protected]
2013 Arizona Pavements/Materials Conference ASU MU, November 13-14, 2013
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First Gen Vehicle’s Exterior
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Telescoped Camera and Four Strobe Lights
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Second Generation DHDV
Second Generation
2001-2004
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Common ProblemsPoor Distress Field DataParticularly Cracking
Operating 3D Profile Line RateFrom 4000, 6000, to 8000/secAbout 4mm to 6mm (¼-inch ) Resolution in the Longitudinal Direction at 60MPH (100KM/H)
Good Enough for Some Purposes; Not Sufficient
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PaveVision3D Ultra ApproachUse Multiple SensorsIncrease 3D Profile Line Rate to 30,000/second
Complete Coverage of Pavement LaneTrue 1mm at Any Data Collection Speed up to 60MPH (100KM/H)
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Data Rate & Power at 60MPH
Single ComputerData Rate for 3D Only4000x2x28000=224,000,000 bytes, 224 MB/sec before compression
Continuous for a few hours non-stop
AdvantageLow Power < 1000 watts in allComplete Coverage at True 1mm
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Data Compression & Management
Raw Data from All SensorsOver 10GB per Mile at 60MPH (100KM/H)
2D Compression: JPG/JPG20003D CompressionProprietary Compression: over 10:1
Production Data to Computer Storage: 1GB per Mile
Relational Database Driven
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PaveVision3D Ultra Design
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PaveVision3D Ultra
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PaveVision3D Ultra
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PaveVision3D Ultra
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Virtual Pavement
1mm Pavement Surface in All Three DimensionsHigh-Precision IMUGradesHorizontal CurvesCross-Slope
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PaveVision3D Ultra Applications
Now Cracking, Rutting, IRI, Macro-Texture
(MPD, MTD) Safety Analysis: High-Friction, Rumble
Strips, Hydroplaning/Grooving Virtual Surface for Visualization
In Progress Longitudinal Profiling Comprehensive Evaluation of Distresses Comprehensive Performance Metric
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Example Projects/Applications
Arkansas Highway NetworkOklahoma Interstate Network INDOTTxDOT Project 6663 Phase IIOhio DOT LTPP Sites, Including Those with WIMHigh Friction SurfaceNext Generation Concrete Surface
(NGCS)
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Example Projects/Applications
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LTPP Data Collection
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Comparison on the Same Pavement7000 3D Profiles/Sec
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Comparison on the Same Pavement
28,000 3D Profiles/Sec
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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Google Image at the Same HFS
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
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60MPH
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Cracking & Profiling
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Zoomed-In, Cracking & Profiling
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Evaluation of PaveVision3D Ultra
Comparisons of Pavement Surface Texture Measurements with LS-40 Surface Analyzer
Surface Drainage Evaluation Using IMU and 1mm 3D Texture Data
Automated Groove Identification and Measurement
Evaluation of Pavement Transverse Deformation Based on AASHTO PP69-10
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LS-40 Pavement Surface Analyzer
Scanned Area:4.5’’ long by 4’’ wide
Data Pixel Quantity 2048 x2448
Horizontal Resolution0.056mm
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LS-40 Software Interface
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Experimental Setup21 areas marked on
pavement Evenly spaced (15ft) 1ft long by 6 in wide
Texture MeasurementsWithin marked area LS40 MPD: static 5 runs PaveVision3D MPD: two
speeds, 10 runs each
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PaveVision3D Texture Analysis
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PaveVision3D MPD (7mph)
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
MP
D (
mm
)
Sample #
Outlier
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Correlation Analysis(7mph)
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y = 0.9157x + 0.2181R² = 0.7143
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5MP
D_
Ru
n5
(m
m)
MPD_Run3 (mm)
run 1 run 2 run 3 run4 run5run 1 1run 2 0.68 1run 3 0.66 0.63 1run 4 0.56 0.34 0.46 1run 5 0.63 0.55 0.71 0.61 1
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Comparison Analysis (7mph)
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y = 1.0058x + 0.0748R² = 0.7228
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
LS-4
0 M
PD
(m
m)
PaveVision3D MPD (mm)
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PaveVision3D MPD (15mph)
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01234567
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
MP
D (
mm
) Outlier
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Correlation Analysis (15mph)
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y = 0.9941x - 0.0018R² = 0.795
1.52
2.53
3.54
4.5
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4MP
D_
Ru
n4
(mm
)
MPD_Run1(mm)
run 1 run 2 run 3 run 4 run 5run 1 1run 2 0.67 1run 3 0.72 0.35 1run 4 0.80 0.43 0.71 1run 5 0.64 0.38 0.76 0.69 1
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Comparison Analysis (15mph)
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y = 0.8601x + 0.4724R² = 0.5016
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
LS4
0 M
PD
(m
m)
PaveVision3D MPD (mm)
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Drainage Evaluation
Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) Consisting of accelerometers and fiber-
optic gyroscopes Collecting positioning, cross slope and
vertical slope dataPaveVision3D Texture DataHydroplanning Speed ModelWater film depth: pavement type, cross
slope, vertical grade, rain intensity
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Drainage Evaluation Test Results
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500
EM
TD
(mm
)
Section Length (ft)
Test Site 1 Test Site 2
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Drainage Evaluation Test Results
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100011001200130014001500
WFD
(mm
)
Section Length (ft)
Test Site 1 Test Site 2
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Drainage Evaluation Test Results
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Hyd
ropl
anin
g Sp
eed
(mph
)
Section Length (ft)
Rainfall Intensity: 6 in/hr Rainfall Intensity: 6.972in/hr Speed Limit
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Grooves: Airfield & Highway Pavements
Produces adequate skid resistance Prevents the occurrence of hydroplaning FAA Advisory Circular(AC) No. 150/5320-
12C Requirements for pavement groove dimension
and performance Needs to periodically evaluate runway groove
performance Highway grooves
No standard
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Groove Evaluation ApproachTo develop an algorithm to
automatically estimate groove dimensions Groove Depth Groove Width, and Groove Spacing
To evaluate groove performance Calculated groove dimensions Groove configuration, and Standard groove evaluation guidelines
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Grooving
FAA NAPTF(Transverse)
NGCS (Longitudinal)
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Groove Dimensions
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Software Interface
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Identification Results
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Evaluation of AASHTO PP69-10
Network Data Collection Using PaveVision3D Ultra
Implement AASHTO PP69-10 Rutting Parameters
Evaluate their Relationships and Propose a comprehensive Measure(s)
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AASHTO PP69-10 Rutting ProtocolNo. Attribute Acronym
1 Total Deformation Permillage TDP2 Left Deformation Permillage LDP3 Right Deformation Permillage RDP4 Left Rut Depth (mm) LRD5 Right Rut Depth (mm) RRD6 Left Rut Width (mm) LRW7 Right Rut Width (mm) RRW8 Left Rut Area (square mm) LRA9 Right Rut Area (square mm) RRA
10 Total Number of Water Entrapment Points TNW11 Total Water Entrapment Depth (mm) TWD12 Total Water Entrapment Width (mm) TWW
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1mm Rutting Data
Source More than 100 miles NHS in AR US65N and US70E
9000+ profilesEach profile 12 attributesDistribution of attributes Slightly skewed or normally
distributed69
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Evaluation Methodology
Correlation AnalysisExamine preliminary relations
Correlation MatrixLinear Regression Analysis
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Correlation Results
Strong linear relations (correlation coefficient > 0.7): TDP & LDP TDP & RDP LRD & LRA RRD & RRA
Weak linear relations (correlation coefficient <0.3)
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Establish Quantitative Relations
Traditional MeasuresRutting depth (LRD & RRD)
New Measures in PP69-10Rutting width (LRW & RRW)Rutting area (LRA & RRA)Water related (TNW, TWD, & TWW)
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Regression Analysis Results
Feasible and reliable to use rutting depth to predict rutting area measures
Other attributes: not robust to predict with rutting depth
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Variability, Precision, Accuracy Variability: Unevenness, Changeability Precision and Accuracy Reference Value and Probability
Good accuracy, Low precision
High precision, Low accuracy
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Relating to Cracking Survey
Variability & Precision Target: small variability & tight range
for high precisionReference & Accuracy No good reference (Manual Survey?) Accuracy: therefore in question
Probability Randomness?
Accuracy: sometimes same as “bias”
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Sources of Variability
Complex pavement conditionsVarying data collection methodsRater inconsistencies Inter-rater uniformityTimeTranscription, referencing and data
entryVarying protocol & expectations
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Conclusion RemarksSensor Technology: CompletedChallenges to the Team &
Industry: Software SolutionsTo be beautiful, & also usable to pavement engineersConfidence in quality of dataME Design & PMS Apps
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