General Aviation Applications, 3D s.a.

Profile Societe Anonyme with nominal shares, founded in 1976

One of its kind in Europe and just one out of the 4 worldwide

A well established Greek company in the aviation field, providing custom made services and applications covering all contemporary aviation activities in Greece

Accorded an area of 2250 m2 for the construction of a hangar and top of the line Command and Control Centre which is currently in the planning stage.

Owns 4 Piper Cheyenne II (PA-31T) aircrafts specially modified for cloud seeding programs and two weather radars EEC-WSR100C & EEC 100-2 C-BAND

Member of the Weather Modification Association since 1981

3

Activities Protection from Extreme

Weather Phenomena (Weather Modification)

Rain Enhancement Cloud Seeding Programs

Snow Enhancement Cloud Seeding Programs

Hail Suppression Cloud Seeding Programs

4

Activities (contd.)

Pilot Training & Aircraft Maintenance Services T.R.T.O Pilot training school operating under the JAR-

FCL Standards – Class Rating (A) : PA 31T EASA Part M - Continuing Airworthiness Management

Organizations (CAMO) EASA Part 145 Maintenance Organization Approval.

Qualified for the maintenance of aircraft and components.

Weather Radar Maintenance Services Operation maintenance Systems upgrading

In 1946 at General Electric labs in Schenectady, New York, it was discovered that various materials can initiate the formation and growth of water droplets and ice crystals leading to cloud seeding

3D S.A. has adopted the airborne cloud seeding methodology, where particles are incorporated in flares and burned to release ice nuclei to the atmosphere

Rain/Snow Enhancement is the process by which particles are injected in clouds in order to accelerate the development of precipitation or snow

Hail Suppression is the process by which particles are injected in clouds in order to decelerate the formation of ice particles and convert them to simply rain droplets

Protection from Extreme Weather Phenomena – Weather modification

Cloud Seeding Programmes Worldwide

7

Weather Modification Outweighing Benefits Cloud seeding technologies have

been around since the 1950’s. We have been utilizing them since the late 1970’s

In contrast to other weather management methodologies, our operations are mobile, with no requirement for new infrastructure buildings or additional maintenance costs

We employ professionals with worldwide experience

All our programs have been carried out through partnerships with academic institutions and government organizations

We focus on our customer needs and provide innovative custom made solutions

QUICKLY DEPLOYABLE IMMEDIATE RESULTSNO ENVIRONMENT IMPACT

STATE OF ART EQUIPMENT EXPERTS

ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGY

OVER PERCEIVED COSTSOVER PERCEIVED COMPLEXITY

FEAR OF UNKNOWN

3D s.a. Rain Enhancement MethodologyPhysical Methodology: Warm Rain Process: (Collision and Coalescence) Cold Rain Process: (Bergeron-Findeisen Mechanism)

Physical Hypothesis: Identify super cooled liquid water content Nucleation: Deposition, Contact-Freezing, Condensation-Freezing

Seeding Methodology: Cloud Base Seeding Cloud Top Seeding

Seeding Hypothesis or Concept: Static Mode: (Hygroscopic or/and Glaciogenic) Dynamic Mode: (Hygroscopic or/and Glaciogenic)

Seeding Agent: Hygroscopic nucleant (CaCl, KCl, etc.) Glaciogenic nucleant (mostly AgI, also Dry Ice)

Prior to applying any methodology it is of trivial importance to be in a position to distinguish the clouds (Continental or Maritime), by measuring the CCN (Cloud Condensation Nuclei)

3D s.a. Rain Enhancement ProgramsRAIN ENHANCEMENT PROGRAMS

Winter 1994: Rain enhancement program EYDAP (Athens Water Company)

June- July 2001: Pilot program for rain enhancement in Central Greece

February – November 2006 : Participation in rain enhancement program, Saudi Arabia

ISO 9001-2000 Certificate for “Design, Development and Service Provision of Weather Modification Programs” (2004)

3D s.a. Rain Enhancement ProgramsWinter 1994 - Rain Enhancement Program For EYDAP

(Athens Water Supply & Sewage Company)

Program’s aim to increase rainfall and enrich the “Mornos” and “Yliki” drainage basins. Mornos is the main reservoir supplying water for the city of Athens, Greece

1086 Silver Iodide (Agl) flares used as seeding agents: combination of 20gr (918 flares), 70gr (122 flares) & 150 gr (46 flares)

Two aircrafts type Piper Cheyenne II PA31T

Flight hours : 311,5 hours

3D s.a. Rain Enhancement Programs

0500

100015002000250030003500400045005000

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

June - July 2001Ta

rget

ed A

rea

(km

2)

See

ding

age

nt (g

r)

Program’s aim to increase rainfall and enrich the greater catchment basin of the “Pineios River”, Thessaly, Central Greece

Joint Partnership with ELGA (Agricultural Insurance Organization)

Supervised by the Department of Meteorology of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

Seeding agent: Silver Iodide (Agl) flares combination of 20gr & 70gr

Flight hours : 15 hours & 44 minutes

June – July 2001 Rain Enhancement Pilot Program

3D s.a. Rain Enhancement ProgramsFebruary – November 2006

Participation in the Program for Cloud Physics, Research and Rain Enhancement in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Program lead by the Weather Modification Incorporated

3D S.A.’s contribution: One Piper Cheyenne II PA31T aircraft custom

made Two trained pilots

Total Flight hours: 54

13

Protection From Extreme Weather Phenomena – Rain Enhancement vs. Drought In Europe, the total cost of

droughts over the past 30 years amounts to € 100 billion

The Rain Enhancement Program for EYDAP (Athens Water Supply & Sewage Company) conducted in 1994 by 3D S.A. managed to successfully provide an additional 30 days of water supply 1995 1999 2000 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008

0123456789

10111213

Economic cost of drought in Europe

€ bi

llion

s

Source: FRIEND, http://www.geo.uio.no/edc/downloads/living_with_drought_in_europe_2009.pdf Cloud seeding provided water for 30 days, Eleutherotupia , 22 February, 1994

3D s.a. Greek National Hail Suppression Programs

(contd.) 1981-82: Hail suppression program of O.G.A. (Agricultural Insurance Organization), technical advisor of French company RUGGERI

1986-88: Hail suppression program of EL.G.A. (AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ORGANIZATION), representative and technical advisor of company INTERA

Spring-Summer 1992-93: Hail suppression program of EL.G.A. (AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ORGANIZATION), joint venture 3D-C.I.C.-Avionic

Spring-Summer 1997-98: Hail suppression program EL.G.A. (AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ORGANIZATION)

3D s.a. Greek National Hail Suppression Programs

(contd.) Spring-Summer 1999-2000: Hail protection program EL.G.A.

(AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ORGANIZATION)

Spring-Summer 2001- 2002: Hail protection program EL.G.A. (AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ORGANIZATION)

Spring-Summer 2004- 2008: Hail protection program of EL.G.A. (AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ORGANIZATION

Spring-Summer 2009- 2013: Hail protection program of EL.G.A. (AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ORGANIZATION

Hail Protection Coveragekm

2

1992-1993

1997-1998

1999-2000

2001-2002

2004-2008

2009-20130

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

Έκταση περιοχών κάλυψης Έκταση περιοχής κάλυψης για ένα αεροπλάνο Total Coverage of Protected Areas (km2)

Total Coverage of Protected Areas per Plane (km2)

3D s.a. Hail Suppression Program Decreased Insurance Costs by 66%

Areas Protected by The NHSP

Total Compensations (millions €)Variance

(% reduction)Average Period 1971 – 1983 (before NHSP)

Average Period 1984-1988 (during NHSP)

A1. Pella - Hmathia 1.310.000 550.000 -58%

A2. Serres 340.000 150.000 -56%

A.3 Karditsa 960.000 180.000 -81%

TOTAL 2.610.000 880.000 -66%

Within the first years of the program, 3D S.A. managed to decrease the amount of agricultural insurance costs by 66%.

Reductions in the total amount of compensations reached up to 81% for the area of Karditsa

Source: UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY, LABORATORY OF AGROMETEOROLOGY, An Overview of Environmental Hazards Related to Crops in Greece

Compensations for crops damaged by hail given by ELGA before & during the National Hail Suppression Program (NHSP)

Weather Modification EquipmentAircraft: 4 Piper Cheyenne II PA31T

Type: six/eight-seat executive transport

Power plant: two 620-ehp (462 ekW) Pratt & Whitney Aircraft of

Canada PT6A-28 turboprops

Performance: cruising speed 325 mph (523 km/h) at 11,000 ft (3355 m) cruising speed 287 mph (462 km/h) at 29,000 ft (8840 m) service ceiling 31,600 ft (9630 m) range at long range power with maximum fuel,

allowances and 45-min reserves 1, 737 miles (2795 km) at 29,000 ft (8840 m)

Weights: empty 4,980 lb (2259 kg); maximum take off 9,000 lb

(4082 kg)

Dimensions: span over wingtip tanks 12 ft 81/4 in (13.01 m) length 34 ft 8 in (10.57 m) height 12 ft 9 in (3.89 m) wing area 229 sq ft (21.27 m)

Weather Modification Equipment (contd.) Seeding Equipment

Ejectable Flares Seeding Racks (Belly Type): 3 baskets of 103 ejectable Silver Iodide (AgI) 20 gr flares

Burn in Place Seeding Racks (Wing Mounted): 2 racks of 24 end-burner Silver Iodide (AgI) 70 gr flares

Weather Modification Equipment (contd.) Telemetry System

Realtime telemetry of aircraft position tracking on radar picture

Position of fired flares, both ejectable and end-burners

Coverage range of more than 200km

Weather Modification Equipment (contd.) Weather Radars Specifications

2 C-Band Doppler radars with digital receivers and digital signal processors and with solid state power supply and modulator units.

Transmitter: C-Band Solid State Transmitter Pulse Systems Model Number TR-1001A

Transmitter power: 300 KW C-Band Power Supply / Modulator 

Magnetron: coaxial type model VMC-1891A Frequency: 5210-5700 MHz Duty: .001 Magnetron Input: 25KV, 24 Amps Peak Power: 300 KW

Liopraso, Trikala

Filiro, Thessaloniki

Weather Modification Equipment (contd.) Weather Radars Specifications

SIGMET™, RVP8 Digital receiver and Digital Signal Processor Dual point IF signal input and single point Burst

signal input Sample rate IF 72 MHz, 14-bit Programmed transmission waveforms Programmed zone band IF filters DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) processing and

GMAP (Gaussian Model Adaptive) processing Harmonic phase processing for 2nd trip echo

PPI and RHI Volume scan with RCP8™ Antenna Control System (SIGMET™)

Software: IRIS™ (SIGMET™) and TITAN (NCAR)

Liopraso

Filiro

Weather Modification Equipment (contd.) Radar Recording

Systems

Radar Data Acquisition System

TITAN (Thunderstorm Identification Tracking Analysis & Nowcasting)

Meteorological Equipment Automatic Weather Stations

■ 3DSA Automatic Weather Stations AMS6-P■ CE Certified

Weather Instruments Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor Barometric Pressure Sensor Sensor for measuring solar radiation

intensity (Pyranometer) Precipitation Sensor Wind sensors - Anemometer and wind vane