3a. What was the goal of the patroon system?

to attract settlers

3b. What three Middle Colonies offered Religious freedom?

Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York

3c. What were three crops grown in the Southern Colonies?

rice, indigo, tobacco

Read “The Middle

Colonies” on p. 83

What attracted Catholics, Quakers, and Jews to these

colonies?

What economic activities were important in the Middle

Colonies?

New YorkNew York

Settling the Middle ColoniesSettling the Middle Colonies

Henry Hudson’s Voyages

Henry Hudson’s Voyages

New NetherlandsNew Netherlands

New Netherlands founded in the Hudson River area (1623-1624) Established by Dutch West India

Company for quick-profit fur trade.

Manhattan [New Amsterdam]

Purchased by Company for pennies per (22,000) acre.

New Amsterdam, 1660

New Amsterdam, 1660

Characteristics of New Amsterdam: Patroon system - estates granted to a

person who would settle 50 people on them.

A diverse population with many different languages.

New Netherlands &New Sweden

New Netherlands &New Sweden

Swedes in New Netherlands

Swedes in New Netherlands1655 Dutch under governor

Peter Stuyvesant attack New Sweden.

New Sweden absorbed into New Netherland.

New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal

Colony

New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal

ColonyKing Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]

1664 English soldiers arrived. Dutch had little ammunition and poor

defenses.

Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot.

Renamed “New York” England gained strategic harbor between

her northern & southern colonies.

England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

Duke of York’s Original Charter

Duke of York’s Original Charter

New Amsterdam, 1664

New Amsterdam, 1664

Dutch influence in New York

Dutch influence in New YorkEarly 20c Dutch Revival

Building in NYC.

New York Cityseal.

Names Harlem, Brooklyn

Architecture gambrel roof

Customs Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf].

Summarize the population of New York:

Settled by Dutch, overtaken by the English . Germans, Swedes also settled there - A diverse population & culture.

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

The QuakersThe QuakersCalled Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.

They offended religious & political leaders in England.

Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.

Believed all were equal before God – no special priveledges.

Pacifists – against war, violence

1681 he received agrant from king toestablish a colony.

Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].

William PennWilliam Penn

Royal Land Grant to Penn

Royal Land Grant to Penn

Penn & Native Americans

Penn & Native Americans

Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians.

Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.

Penn’s Treaty with theNative Americans

Penn’s Treaty with theNative Americans

Pennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian Society

Attracted many different people Religious misfits from other colonies.

Many different ethnic groups.

No military defense.

No restrictions on immigration.

No slavery!!

A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty,

& religious freedom!!

Urban Population Growth

1650 - 1775

Urban Population Growth

1650 - 1775

Summarize religious freedom of Pennsylvania:

Religious differences were tolerated

Summarize Pennsylvania’s relations with Native Americans:

• Relatively friendly, because of the influence of Quaker beliefs.

New JerseyNew

Jersey

New Jersey — PA’s Neighbor

New Jersey — PA’s Neighbor

1664 proprietors (Sir George Carterat & Lord John Berleley received the area from the Duke of York.

Promised religious freedom, large grants of land, and a representative assembly.

How did New Jersey attract settlers (its charter)?

Proprietors – Sir George Carterat & Lord John Berkeley

Promised religious freedom, large grants of land, and a

representative assembly.

DelawareDelaware

Delaware — PA’s NeighborDelaware — PA’s Neighbor

Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610].

1704 Penn granted 3 lower counties its own assembly.

Later broke away to form the colony of Delaware.

1.

Ch.3.3 – The Southern Colonies

Tobacco uses up soil Nutrients in 3 or 4 years.

2.

3.

4.

Bring in more slaves & indentured servants

The Proprietors in the Carolinas need more settlers.

Colonists overthrow the Proprietors, & the Carolinas became royal colonies

Clear new land & plant a new crop

Plantation owners face a labor shortage for their tobacco & rice crops.

Religious tolerance, free land, & representative govt.

Proprietors in the Carolinas do not protect the colonists very well.

5. James Oglethorpe foundsGeorgia for debtors & thepoor.

6.

7.

8.

Spanish attack the English colonies from Florida

Colonists in Georgia envy the wealth in the Carolina.

Poor settlers move West to the frontier.

Debtors & poor people in England need a fresh start.

Bring a large free population to Georgia to own & defend the land.

Slavery is legalized in Georgia.

Poor settlers lose their land to wealthy Landowners.

Ch.3.3 – The Southern Colonies

In your notebooks, list the 5 Southern Colonies:

1.2.3.4.5.

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

What present day states made up the

Southern colonies?

Ch. 3.3 The Southern Colonies

Today’s target:

1) Describe the settlement of the southern colonies

MarylandMaryland

Toleration Act of 1649

Guaranteed freedom to all CHRISTIANS.

A Colony for Catholics

And . . .

A Colony for Catholics

And . . .

What kind of society was planned for Maryland?

A charter wasgranted to GeorgeCalvert, Lord Baltimore, in 1632.

A proprietary colony created in 1634 for Catholics

A better locationthan Jamestown – why?

Tobacco would be the main crop.

In the late 1600s, black slaves began to be imported.

The Settlement of Maryland

The Settlement of Maryland

Colonization of Maryland

Colonization of Maryland

St Mary’s City (1634)St Mary’s City (1634)

Currency in Early Maryland

Currency in Early Maryland

MD Toleration Act, 1649MD Toleration Act, 1649

The Carolinas

The Carolinas

Charles II rewarded 8 supporters from the English Civil War a grant of land named

“Carolina”

Settling the “Lower South”

Settling the “Lower South”Settlers from

Virginia

Settlers from West Indies

From The West Indies to Mainland America

From The West Indies to Mainland America

1670 a group of small English farmers from the West Indies (Barbados) arrived in Carolina & French Protestants Native American land was taken & they

were sold into slavery.

By 1710 black slaves were a majority in Carolina.

Port of Charles Town, SC

Port of Charles Town, SC

Also named for King Charles II of England.

Became the busiest port in the South.

Religious toleration attracted diverse inhabitants.

The primary export.

Rice - was still an exotic food in England. Was grown in Africa,

so planters imported West African slaves.

These slaves had a genetic trait that made them immune to malaria.

Crops of the Carolinas: Rice

Crops of the Carolinas: Rice

American Long Grain Rice

Crops of theCarolinas:

Indigo

Crops of theCarolinas:

Indigomain use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads

Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

Rice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-

1775

Rice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-

1775

The Emergence of North Carolina

The Emergence of North CarolinaNorthern part of Carolina shared a

border with VA Dissenters from VA moved south to

northern Carolina.

1712 NC officially separated from SC.

GeorgiaGeorgia

18c Southern Colonies

18c Southern Colonies

Late-Coming GeorgiaLate-Coming Georgia

Founded in 1733.

Last of the 13 colonies.

Named in honor of King George II.

Founded by James Oglethorpe.

Georgia--The “Buffer” Colony

Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyChief Purpose of Creating Georgia:

Became a royal colony to serve as a “buffer” between the Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.

Export silk and wine.

A place for debtors thrown into prison.

The Port City of Savannah

The Port City of Savannah

Diverse community. All Christians except Catholics enjoyed

religious toleration.

Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians.