3907 rfcircuit synthesis webcast mar28 07
TRANSCRIPT
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RF Circuit Synthesis forPhysical Wireless
Design
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Overview
Subjects
Review Of Common Design Tasks
Break Down And Dissect Design Task
Review Non-Synthesis Methods
Show A Better Way To Solve Complex Design Challenges
Audience
Designers Tasked With Rapid Development Of System Components
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RF Wireless Community
CABLE
CELLULAR
RFID
GOVERMENT
INSTRUMENTS
SATELLITE
WIFI
NAVIGATION
COMM DEVICES
Wireless Devices
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System Architecture
Starting from a system level view
Assemblies of component units constitute a system
The component parameters are generated by system requirements
Made up of one or more
Amplifier
Mixer
Filters: Microwave and Passive Lumped
Couplers/splitters Oscillators etc.
We start by breaking down tasks to individual modules Design of one or more require unique skills
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Todays Focus is on Four Design Tasks Microwave Filter Design
Lumped Passive Filter Design
Signal Control Elements
Matching for Optimum Power Transfer
Component Design Tasks
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The Non-Synthesis Method
Experience is required to choose topology, equivalentcircuits and strategy for failed performance
Links to physical realization is a manual process
Conversion to micro-strip, slab-line, strip-line etc.
Does not guarantee optimum design
Best performance, Component count, Size,Materials
Matching tools are limited i.e. Smith chart
Time and Resource Consuming
Hours, days, or even weeks to complete
Missed deadlines
Board Turns
Non Synthesis Techniques
To Manufacture
Select TopologyAnd
Components
OptimizeResponse
Met Goals
Convert ToPhysical Format
YES
NO
Build DeviceTest Device
EMSolver?
YES
NO
Met Goals
Met Goals
YES
NO
NO
YES
Strategy?
Strategy?
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Microwave Filter Design Task
2.4 GHz WiFi Front End Microwave Filter System Specifications / Goals
Frequency- 2350-2550 MHz
Insertion Loss- -2dB
Shape- Butterworth Order- 3
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Microwave Filter Design Task
Which topology is best?
Distributed Filters Exhibit Recurring Band Pass
Where and how many is a function of filter type
COMB filters have control over the band where
response is repeated
Filter Size varies
Cost-COMB requires a capacitor for each resonator
We have selected a Hairpin Design for this demonstration
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Microwave Filter Design Task
Settings
Select Z0, Order, Start-Stop frequencies
Select Resonator Zo
Select Tapped / Coupled
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Microwave Filter Design Task
Advanced-TLINE automatically converts to a physical form including
discontinuities, bends, chamfers, and steps
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Microwave Filter Design Task
Synthesized Hairpin Filter
Hairpin Filter with Modeled Microstrip Loss and Dispersion
Advanced TLINE
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Microwave Filter Design Task
Using Built-in Optimizer
Fine tune for the discontinuities, bends, loss, dispersion effects etc.
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Microwave Filter Design Task
Using Monte Carlo Determine Effect of Loss Tan
Effect of etching tolerance e.g. spacing
Effect of Er
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Microwave Filter Design Task
Measure Filter
TESTLINK
Compare to Simulation
Measured
EM
Modeled
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Microwave Filter Design Task
Performance Summary
Center Frequency 2450 MHz 2390 MHz
Bandwidth 200 MHz 260 MHz
Insertion Loss 2 dB 3.2 dB
$ Cost ? ~$0.50
Note: Know your substrate material especially ER and Loss Tan
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Microwave Filter Design Task
Link data to SPECTRASYS behavioral model
Po=1.2 dB
NF=0.1dB
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Microwave Filter Design Task
MFILTER- A better way
Classical synthesis shapes
Butterworth, Chebyshev, Elliptical etc.
Multiple topologies
Instant schematic and graphical updates
Coupled or Tapped input Multiple physical realizations e.g. stripline, microstrip, inverted microstrip etc. via
Advanced T-Line
Automatic compensation of vias, grounds, steps, and T-Junctions
Direct link to layout and EM simulation engine
Monte Carlo, Yield and what If analysis
Measurement of Device via TESTLINK
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Lumped Filter Design Task
70 MHz IF Filter
System Specifications / Goals
Frequency- 60-80 MHz
Insertion Loss- 0.5dB ?
Shape- Butterworth Order- 14 ?
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Lumped Filter Design Task
PASSIVE FILTER - A Better Way
Start With Filter Type Shape
Low-pass, High-pass, Band-pass,Band-reject
Shape
Butterworth, Chebyshev, Bessel,Elliptical etc.
Subtype
Eight physical formats
Some Formats Lend Themselves Better toWide or Narrow Responses
Note: Changes in schematic and graph when parameters arechanged is Instantaneous
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Which Shape And Subtype To Pick?
Component Count
Response BW, Group Delay
Out Of Band Response
Symmetry, Roll Off
Ease of Manufacture
Common Inductance or Capacitance
Balanced Circuit at a Buttons Click!
Lumped Filter Design Task
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Multiple Filter Shapes
Butterworth
Chebyshev
Bessel
Singly Terminated
For Diplexers etc.
Lumped Filter Design Task
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Settings
Input / Output Resistance
Not limited to 50 ohms or symmetricalimpedances!
Cutoff Frequencies
Filter Order
Specify Cutoff Attenuation
Common L or C for some filter types
Lumped Filter Design Task
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Lumped Filter Design Task
Response of Synthesized Shunt C Coupled Filter
Shunt C Coupled filter results in common inductor
Five Sections Chosen
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Lumped Filter Design Task
Using Standard Values Results in Shifted Response
Tune Standard Values for best results
Original vs. standard values
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Lumped Filter Design Task
Replacing Ideal Std Values with Manufacturers S-data
Increased insertion loss due to finite Qs of components
Be Mindful of SRF and Qs of Manufacturers Componentsand The Frequency range of their data
Original vs. S-data values
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Lumped Filter Design Task
Perform Layout and EM Simulation
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Lumped Filter Design Task
EM simulation with S-Data Parts
Use Co-Simulation to Fine Tune Standard Valued S-Data
Only a single EM simulation is requiredsince copper pattern is invariant
Filter with S-data specified parts
EM Filter with S-data specified parts
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Lumped Filter Design Task
Pad and Dielectric Effects
More prominent at higher frequencies, 500MHz Filter example shown
Er= 3.9, 4.5, 4.9
H=10mil
H=30mil
H=59mil
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Lumped Filter Design Task
Pad and Dielectric Effects
More prominent at higher frequencies
Co-Simulation feature is used to re-tune filter
EM std values
L=39Ca=5.6Cb=3.9Cc=18Ccd=3.6
EM std values otpz
L=39Ca=3.3Cb=2.4Cc=7.5Ccd=2.4
EM results in shift due to pad effects Std value tuning brings filter back
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Lumped Filter Design Task
Performance Summary
Center Frequency 70 MHz
68.1 Std Pts
67 MHz
Bandwidth 20 MHz
17.3 Std Pts
17 MHz
Sections 14 5
Insertion Loss 0.5 dB 3.9 dB
$ Cost ? ~$2.90 (16x$0.15)
Note: Know your substrate material especially ER and LossTan
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Lumped Filter Design Task
Link data to SPECTRASYS behavioral model
When S-Parameter File is Substituted For Behavioral Model In System Simulator
Note: 3db Additional Loss And Increase In Spur Level (below noise floor) And AnIncrease Of 0.11dB In Noise Figure
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Lumped Filter Design Task
PASSIVE FILTER- A better way
Classical synthesis shapes
Butterworth, Chebyshev, Bessel, Singly Terminated etc.
Multiple topologies
Instant schematic and graphical updates
Single or Balance types Direct link to layout and EM simulation engine
Co-Simulation aides final optimization
Monte Carlo and Yield analysis
Measurement of Device via TESTLINK
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Signal Control Design Task
What is Signal Control?
Distribution And Control Of Power Through The Use Of
Couplers, Splitters, Dividers, Attenuators, Baluns
Where Is It Used?
Power Monitoring, Amplifiers, Mixers, Power Combining,Beam Forming
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Signal Control Design Task
Signal Control Elements
Splitters
Single or Multi-section, 0 deg, 180 deg
Couplers
Lange, Backward Wave, Lumped
Power Dividers Distributed, Lumped
Balun
Attenuators
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Signal Control Design Task
SIGNAL CONTROL, a better way!
Topology
Selection of over 43 topologies
Splitters
Couplers Power Dividers
Baluns
Attenuators
Si l C l D i T k
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Signal Control Design Task
Settings
Selection of:
Impedance
Coupling Factor
Upper/Lower cutoff
Number of Sections Number of Outputs
Optimization Goals
I/O line lengths
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Si l C l D i T k
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Signal Control Design Task
Options
Create a Layout
Use Advanced TLINE to Convert to Physical Format
Si l C t l D i T k
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Signal Control Design Task
Options
Manufacturing Process
Select Physical Form
Switch between any of theprocesses (e.g. ideal tomicrostrip, stripline to microstripetc.)
Accounts for discontinuities,corners, steps etc.
Uses selectable substrate
definition
Si l C t l D i T k
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Signal Control Design Task
Conversion to Microstrip Causes Shift
Shift due to non-ideal models, losses, dispersion etc.
Re-optimize element parameters to specifications
Shift due to Microstrip
Si l C t l D i T k
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Signal Control Design Task
Layout Is Created By Checking Box in Options Tab
EM Simulation Is Performed To Verify Design Goals
Si l C t l D i T k
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Signal Control Design Task
EM Simulation Shows Difference In Isolation Between Output Ports
EMPOWERs Ability To Co-Simulate Allows The Tuning Of IsolationResistor For Optimum Isolation
Optimum R= 91 ohms instead of 100 ohms
Si l C t l D i T k
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Signal Control Design Task
SIGNAL CONTROL- A better way
Over 43 Topologies
Splitters, Couplers, Baluns, Attenuators
0 deg, 90 deg, 180 deg types
Multiple outputs, Multiple stages
Instant schematic and graphical updates
Optimization of final process Direct link to layout and EM simulation engine
Co-Simulation aides final optimization
Monte Carlo and Yield analysis
Measurement of Device via TESTLINK
Link data to SPECTRASYS behavioral model
Matching Design Task
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Matching Design Task
Where is Matching used?
At Almost Every Interface Between Connected Components
Minimize Power Loss Between Entities
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Matching Design Task
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Matching Design Task
Complex Matching Issues
Simultaneous Matching For Noise Figure, Input/Output, and Interstage
Difficult Using Manual Techniques, Especially For Conditionally Stable Device
Selected Part Meets Our Gain And Noise Figure Needs
NE52418
Matching Design Task
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Matching Design Task
Conditionally Stable
Simultaneous Input/Output Match Is Not Possible
Good News, Noise Figure Meets Our Goal With 50 Ohm Input
Matching Design Task
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Matching Design Task
MATCH A Better Way
Ideal For Complex MultistageMatching
Real Or Complex Terminations
File Based Complex Data ForTerminations / Devices
Multitude Of Available MatchingStructures
Lumped And Or Distributed
Matching Design Task
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Matching Design Task
Nominal Goals Met With Interstage Matching Sections
Matching Design Task
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Matching Design Task
Matching Network Incorporated Into Design
Use Advance TLINE
Converts To Physical Process
Includes Steps, Discontinuities, Vias, etc.
Matching Design Task
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Matching Design Task
Monte Carlo Analysis
Matching
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Matching Design Task
Optimize Circuit For Response And Match
Measure Pertinent Parameters
Frequency Range 2.2 GHz-2.6 GHz
Gain 30dB +/- .5 dB
Noise Figure 1.06 dB
Match
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Matching Design Task
Replacing Behavioral Model With Design
No Significant Change In Spur Or Harmonic Content
Noise Figure Improved by 2dB
Matching Design Task
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Matching Design Task
MATCH- A better way
Multiple matching networks and topologies
Mix and match between distributed and lumped networks
Match to real, complex and S/Y/Z files
Broadband matching, Multi-stage matching
Instant schematic and graphical updates
Direct link to layout and EM simulation engine
Co-Simulation aides final optimization
Monte Carlo and Yield analysis
Link Data To SPECTRASYS Behavioral Model
Summary
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Summary
Reviewed Of Common Design Tasks
Reviewed Non-Synthesis Methods
Showed A Better Way To Solve Complex Design Challenges
Synthesis
Incorporating Standard Values
Substituted Measured S-Data For Accuracy Optimized Performance
Layout And EM Simulation For Verification
Exported Data For Incorporation Into Higher Level Design
We Showed A Comprehensive Set Of Tools, In a Common EnvironmentFor Rapid Development, Improving Time To Market With Fewer Re-Designs
More GENESYS Web Resources
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