390 33 powerpoint slides 7 basics phonetics chapter 7

© Oxford University Press 2011

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Sanjay Kumar, Currently Associate Professor

of English at JK Lakshmipat University (JKLU), Jaipur Pushp Lata, Currently Head, Department of

Languages, BITS, Pilani


Chapter: 7Chapter: 7

Basics of PhoneticsBasics of Phonetics


Importance of English Language Skills

Speak so that others Listen to you attentively

Write so that others Read your ideas effortlessly


Importance

Gain fluency in language

Express yourself precisely and accurately

Distinguish between the words conveying different shades of meaning


Basics of Phonetics


Learning Objectives

Learn how to correctly produce vowel and consonant sounds

Understand what a syllable is and how words are divided into different syllables

Get to know the rules of word stress and intonation in English Language


Reasons for Incorrect Pronunciation

Lack of sufficient exposure

Mother tongue interference


Received Pronunciation (RP) 44 sounds in English language 26 alphabets only

For instance, pronounce the following words Cat Keen Occasion Chemistry


Contd

/ k/ sound comes for –c in cat, k in keen, cc in occasion and ch in chemistry

Examples Chemist and character “ch” gives/ k/ Whereas Chest and cheese “ch” gives /tʃ/


Contd

Alphabets are different from sounds

IllustrationA tourist visits an art gallery in Delhi

and asks the manager:Tourist: I want genu -wine (genuine)

an-tee-cue (antique) of Lord Buddha.

Manager: I could not get you sir, will you please tell me again?


Transcription

International Phonetic Alphabet symbols

Putting standard symbols for standard sounds is known as transcription


Sounds

1. Vowels

2. Consonants

20 vowel sounds 12 are pure vowels and eight of them are diphthongal glides

“In phonetics when there is a glide from one vowel sound to the other vowel sound it is called diphthong”


Classification of Sound in English


Vowels

Pure Vowels

Diphthongs


/l/Initial Position each, eat, Medial Position these, seed, seen, cream, dream, Final Position pea, key, see

/i/Initial Position it, in, is, intelligent, Medial Position silk, thick, fill, slip, sip, hit, bit Final Position duty, beauty, lonely, promptly, quickly

/e/Initial Position enter, exit, empire, entire, Medial Position bed, dead, head, any, many, said, fell,Final Position does not occur in the final position

/æ/Initial Position axe, actor, apple, at, anMedial Position band, man, sad, fan, mass (v), rank, sad Final Position does not occur in the final position


/ʌ/

Initial Position utter, under, understand, undo

Medial Position bus, dull, dust, gun, hunt, munch

Final Position does not occur in the final position /:/

Initial Position art, answer, aunt

Medial Position bar, card, farm, hard, large, march, fast, mass (N)

Final Position car, jar, mar /ɔ/

Initial Position office, oxygen, order,

Medial Position hot, bottle, dog, fond, lock, not, pot, solve

Final Position does not occur in the final position / ɔ :/

Initial Position all, awkward, ought

Medial Position ball, call, hall, corn, morning

Final Position saw, raw, claw


/u/

Initial Position does not occur in the initial position

Medial Position book, cook, room, took, wood

Final Position does not occur in the final position /u:/

Initial Position does not occur in the initial position

Medial Position rule, approve, groove, suit

Final Position sue, new, you, shoe, two /З:/

Initial Position early, earn,

Medial Position third, murder, surface, turn /ə/

Initial Position about, effort, ago, allow, ahead

Medial Position sentence, liberty,

Final Position doctor, terrible


Diphthongs /u/sound, mouth, out, round, allow, cow, town, now, down,

mouse, doubt, house

/Iə/ here, appear, period, mere, cheer, career, dear, near

/ə/ wear, there, air, chair, fair, pair, air, share

/uə/ cruel, poor, sure, tour, actual, fuel, virtuous


/eɪ/mail, fail, train, age, may, say, pray, jail, aim

/ɪ/ ice, fine, pipe, nice, write, rival, type, cry, dry

/ɔi/ spoil, loin, boil, choice, noise, oil, point, boy, toil, toy

/əu/ roll, blow, home, bone, nose, rope, both, open, go, no, so,

bold


Consonants

24 consonant sounds

1. /p/: pit, spill, keep

2. /s/: sound, pistol, cross

3. /z/: zap, zing, maze, gaze

4. /∫ /: she, nation, shout

5. /ʒ/: measure, measure

6. /h/: harm, house

7. /w/: we, wicked, watch

8. /r /: run, ruin, craze


Contd

9. /j/: yes, yell, yesterday

10. /l/: left, relate, detail

11. /b/: bit, imbibe, jumble

12. /t/: tin, after, what

13. /d/: din, lead, order

14. //: then, feather, wreath

15. //: thin, thank, wrath

16. /k/: cut, character, leak


Contd

17. /g/: gut, girl, eager

18. /ɩ∫/: cheap, nature, watch

19. /dʒ/: jeep, jealous, judge

20. /m/: map, remind, mime

21. /n/: nap, near, line

22. /ŋ/: bang, song, bring, singing

23. /f/: fat, feather, half

24. /v/: vat, wave, velvet


Write the sound for the underlined part of the word.

Example:

occasion = / k /

1) Curious 6)Trunk

2) Boat 7) Approve

3) Dishonest 8) Aware

4)Tragedy 9) Exploit

5) Birds 10) Dearth


Solution

1) /ɩəs/ 6) / ŋ/

2) /ʊ/ 7) / u:/

3) / ɒ/ 8) / ə/

4) /dʒ/ 9) / ɔɪ/

5) / z/ 10) / θ/


Recap

You have learnt

Difference between sounds and alphabets

How to pronounce vowel and consonant sounds


Thank You!!!

390 33 powerpoint slides 7 basics phonetics chapter 7

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