37889 02 ch02 1.fpeng/e261engrcad/chapter_02 exercises...mechanical, electronic, and piping objects....

CHAPTER

2

Fundamentals I

PROJECT EXERCISE

This project exercise provides point-by-point instructions for setting up the drawing,laying out the border, and then creating the objects shown in Figure P2–1. In thisexercise, you will apply the skills acquired in Chapters 1 and 2 to draw basic architectural,mechanical, electronic, and piping objects.

In this project, you will learn to do the following:

• Create a new drawing.

• Set the Units used for the drawing.

• Set the Limits for the drawing Area.

• Use the LINE, RECTANGLE, CIRCLE, and ARC commands.

FIGURE P2–1 Completed project drawing

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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

NOTE As you complete each step in the project procedure, place a checkmark by the step to helpyou keep up with where you are in the project.

SET UP THE DRAWING AND DRAW A BORDERThis procedure describes the steps required to set up the drawing and to draw theborder.

Step 1: Invoke the AutoCAD program.

Example: Under Microsoft Windows, find the AutoCAD 2011 program in theStart > Programs menu and select it.

Step 2: To create a new drawing, invoke the NEW command from the Quick Accesstoolbar, as shown in Figure P2–2.

Step 3: AutoCAD displays the Select Template dialog box (see Figure P2–3). Selectacad.dwt as the template file and choose Open. AutoCAD creates a newdrawing.

FIGURE P2–2 Invoking the NEW command from the Quick Access toolbar

FIGURE P2–3 Select Template dialog box


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NOTEThe step-by-step instructions for all the project exercises and drawing exercises in thismanual are provided with dyn (dynamic input) input mode set to ON. Before you startworking on the project and drawing exercises, make sure the DYN button located on thestatus bar is set to ON.

When DYN is set to ON, by default the coordinates for second or next point prompts are con-sidered to be Relative unless prefixed with the # symbol. In the instructions explicitly all theabsolute coordinates are prefixed the # symbol. If you plan to work on the Command windowinstead of in the On-Screen prompt, do not include # symbol for absolute coordinates.

Step 4: Invoke the UNITS command from the on-screen prompt by typingunits and press ENTER. AutoCAD displays the Drawing Units dialog box(see Figure P2–4).

Choose Decimal from the Type list box in the Length section (see Figure P2–4)and choose OK.

Step 5: Invoke the LIMITS command from the on-screen prompt by typing limitsand press ENTER. AutoCAD prompts:

Specify lower left corner or 0.0(ENTER)

Specify upper right corner: 12,9 (ENTER)

Step 6: Invoke the ZOOM ALL command from the Navigate panel located in the Viewtab to display the drawing limits. To draw the border, invoke the RECTANGLEcommand from the Draw panel (see Figure P2–5) located in the Home tab.

FIGURE P2–4 Drawing Units dialog box


Chap t e r 2 • Fundamen t a l s I 2-3

AutoCAD prompts:

Specify first corner point or 0.25,0.25 (ENTER)

Specify other corner point or #10.75,8.25 (ENTER)

AutoCAD draws a rectangle border as shown in Figure P2–6.

Step 7: To save the current status of the drawing, invoke the SAVE command fromthe Quick Access toolbar. AutoCAD displays the Save Drawing As dialog box.Enter PROJ2 as the name of the drawing in the File name text box, andchoose Save to save the drawing and close the Save Drawing As dialog box.Make sure you are saving the drawing in the appropriate folder.

DRAW THE DOOR JAMBThis procedure describes the steps required to draw the door jamb shown in Figure P2–7.The door jamb is drawn with the LINE command using rectangular coordinates and po-lar coordinates.

FIGURE P2–5 Invoking the RECTANGLE command from the Draw panel

FIGURE P2–6 Completed border outline


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Step 1: To draw the door jamb, invoke the LINE command from the Draw panel (seeFigure P2–8) located in the Home tab.

AutoCAD prompts:

Specify first point: 2,1.5 (ENTER)

Specify next point or #2,2.5 (ENTER)

Specify next point or #1.625,2.5 (ENTER)





Specify next point or #3.125,4 (ENTER)

Specify next point or #3,4 (ENTER)

Specify next point or @.125<90 (ENTER)




FIGURE P2–7 Door Jamb

FIGURE P2–8 Invoking the LINE command from the Draw panel



Specify next point or @0,–.75 (ENTER)

Specify next point or @.375,0 (ENTER)

Specify next point or @0,–1 (ENTER)


Specify next point or @0,.125 (ENTER)


Specify next point or @0,–.25 (ENTER)

Specify next point or @–1.125,0 (ENTER)

Specify next point or (press (ENTER) to terminate thecommand sequence)

Step 2: To save the current status of the drawing, invoke the SAVE command fromthe Quick Access toolbar. AutoCAD saves the current status of the drawing.

DRAW THE INSTRUMENT PANELThis procedure describes the steps required to draw the instrument panel shown inFigure P2–9. The instrument panel is drawn with the LINE, RECTANGLE, CIRCLE, andARC commands.

Step 1: To draw the main outline of the instrument panel and the central rectangle,invoke the RECTANGLE command from the Draw panel.

AutoCAD prompts:


Specify other corner point or #9.875,4 (ENTER)

FIGURE P2–9 Door jamb and instrument panel


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Invoke the RECTANGLE command again, AutoCAD responds:


Specify other corner point or #8.375,3.125 (ENTER)

Step 2: To draw the trapezoidal shapes located in the top of the instrument panel,invoke the LINE command from the Draw panel.

AutoCAD prompts:

Specify first point: 7.375,3.75 (ENTER)




Specify next point or (choose CLOSE from the shortcutmenu)

Invoke the LINE command again, AutoCAD responds:

Specify first point: 8,3.75 (ENTER)




Specify next point or (right-click and choose CLOSEfrom the shortcut menu)

Step 3: To draw the circular gauges with the arrow pointers located in the top of theinstrument panel, invoke the CIRCLE command Center-Radius method fromthe Draw panel (see Figure P2–10) located in the Home tab.

FIGURE P2–10 Invoking the CIRCLE command from the Draw panel



AutoCAD prompts:

Specify center point for circle or 6.625,3.25 (ENTER)

Specify radius of circle or .5 (ENTER)

Invoke the CIRCLE command again, AutoCAD responds:



To draw the arrow pointers, invoke the LINE command from the Drawpanel.

AutoCAD prompts:


















Step 4: To draw the two circles located in the bottom of the instrument panel, firstinvoke the CIRCLE command Center-Radius method from the Draw panel.

AutoCAD prompts:



Invoke the CIRCLE command Center-Radius method again, AutoCADresponds:




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Step 5: To draw the switches located in the bottom of the instrument panel, firstinvoke the RECTANGLE command from the Draw panel.

AutoCAD prompts:



Invoke RECTANGLE command again, AutoCAD responds:



Invoke the ARC command Start, Center, End method from the Draw panel(see Figure P2–11) located in the Home tab.

AutoCAD prompts:

Specify start point of arc or 6.5625,1.875 (ENTER)

Specify center point of arc: #6.5,2 (ENTER)

Specify end point of arc or #6.4375,1.875 (ENTER)

FIGURE P2–11 Invoking the ARC command from the Draw panel



Invoke the ARC command Start, Center, End method again, AutoCADresponds:


Specify center point of arc: #9.25,2 (ENTER)

Specify end point of arc or #9.1875,1.875 (ENTER)


DRAW THE 90° ELLThis procedure describes the steps required to draw the 90-degree ell shown inFigure P2–12. The 90-degree ell is drawn with the LINE and ARC commands.

Step 1: To draw the lower lines of the 90-degree ell, invoke the LINE command fromthe Draw panel.

AutoCAD prompts:




Specify next point or @1.625<180 (ENTER)




FIGURE P2–12 Door jamb, instrument panel, and 90-degree ell


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Step 2: To draw the large outer arc, invoke the ARC command Start, Center, Anglemethod from the Draw tab.

AutoCAD prompts:


Specify center point of arc @1.875<0 (ENTER)

Specify included angle: �90 (ENTER)

Step 3: To draw the upper lines of the 90-degree ell, invoke the LINE command fromthe Draw panel.

AutoCAD prompts:




Specify next point or @1.625<270 (ENTER)




Step 4: To draw the smaller outer arc, invoke the ARC command Start, Center, Endmethod from the Draw panel.

AutoCAD prompts:

Specify start point of arc or (enter @ and press(ENTER) to select the last point as the start point)

Specify center point of arc @.5<270 (ENTER)

Specify end point of arc or @.5<180 (ENTER)


DRAW THE COILThis procedure describes the steps required to draw the coil shown in Figure P2–13. Thecoil is drawn with the ARC command.



Step 1: To draw the coil, invoke the ARC command 3-point method from the Draw tab.

AutoCAD prompts:

Specify start point of arc or 1,7.25 (ENTER)

Specify second point of arc or #1.625,7.625 (ENTER)

Specify end point of arc: #2.25,7.25 (ENTER)

Press (ENTER) to repeat the ARC command, AutoCAD responds:

Specify start point of arc or (press (ENTER) tocontinue from the previous point)




Specify end point of arc: #2,5.25 (ENTER)







(Take a breath. This completes the first loop of the coil. Even though the Three-Pointoption was used for the leading arc of the first loop, the leading arc of the second loop,

FIGURE P2–13 Door jamb, instrument panel, 90-degree ell, and coil


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which is the trailing arc of the first loop, was drawn with the arc–arc continuationmethod.)













(Take another breath. This completes the second loop and starts the last loop of thecoil.)














Congratulations! You have just successfully applied several AutoCAD con-cepts in creating the drawing.



EXERCISE 2–1

Type of shape Input Methods

Single Line Sequence • Absolute rectangular coordinates• Relative rectangular coordinates• Relative polar coordinates

Any one of the three listed methods can be used to enter the points that determine theshape in this exercise. This is not always the case as you will see in the next few exer-cises. Also, all of the lines that determine the shape are sequentially connected; that is,the ending point of each line can be used as the starting point of another line. Thatmeans that this figure can be drawn without exiting the LINE command once it is in-voked. Again, this is not the case with most shapes.


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Points of Interest• With rectangular coordinates, the distances are entered as horizontal (X) and verti-

cal (Y) displacements.

• Absolute rectangular coordinates are X and Y displacements from the origin (0,0).

• Relative rectangular coordinates are X and Y displacements from the last point entered.

• @ Represents the last point entered.

• Relative polar coordinates are a combination of a direction and a distance from thelast point entered.

• Substituting rectangular coordinate input with polar coordinate input (or vice versa)is not always done easily without the application of trigonometric functions.

Drawing Setup Set Units to Decimal and drawing limits to 9 � 13. Invokethe LINE command and then respond to the points asshown for each method.

NOTEBefore you start working on the drawing exercises, make sure the DYN button located onthe status bar is set to ON.

Point by Point

Absolute Relative Rectangular Relative Polar

1. First point: 2,1 (ENTER) 1. First point: 2,1 (ENTER) 1. First point: 2,1(ENTER)

2. Next point: #2,4(ENTER)

2. Next point @0,3(ENTER)

2. Next point@3,90 (ENTER)


3. Next point@1,0 (ENTER) 3. Next point@1,0 (ENTER)





5. Next point @]1,0(ENTER)













10. Next point @0,-7(ENTER)



11. Next point@1,0 (ENTER) 11. Next point @1,0(ENTER)


12. Next point @0,-3(ENTER)



13. Next point @]4,0(ENTER)


14. (ENTER) 14. (ENTER) 14. (ENTER)



EXERCISE 2–2


Multiple Line Sequence • Absolute rectangular coordinates• Relative rectangular coordinates• Relative polar coordinates

As in Exercise 2–1, the points that determine the shapes in this exercise can be enteredby any one of the three listed methods here. But because these are three separateshapes, all lines are not sequentially connected. The LINE command must be invokedat least three times.

Points of Interest• Steps 5, 11, and 17 in the following tables illustrate how you can use the Close option

of the LINE command to draw the last segment of a closed sequence of lines andexit the LINE command at the same time.

Drawing Setup Set Units to Architectural and drawing limits to 8 0 � 6 0.

Invoke the LINE command and then respond to the prompts as shown for each method.Steps 6 and 12 use automatic reinvoking of the previously used command by pressing(ENTER). In this case the LINE command is the previously used command.


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Absolute Relative Rectangular Relative Polar

1. Start point: 1 004,1 008(ENTER)



2. Next point: #1 004,5 00(ENTER)

2. Next point @0,3 004(ENTER)

2. Next point @3 004 ,90(ENTER)


3. Next point @4 004,0(ENTER)



4. Next point @0,-3 004(ENTER)

4. Next point@3 004,-90(ENTER)

5. (choose CLOSE fromthe shortcut menu)




7. From point: 1 008,2 00(ENTER)






9. Next point:#3 004,4 008 (ENTER)





10. Next point@2 008,270(ENTER)











15. Next point:#5 004,4 008 (ENTER)





16. Next point@2 008,270(ENTER)






EXERCISE 2–3


Multiple line sequences • Absolute rectangular coordinates for the first linesegment of the first sequence

• Relative polar coordinates for the remaining seg-ments of the first sequence

• Relative polar coordinates for entering the startingpoint of the second and third separate single linesections of the shape

Unlike the cases of Exercises 2–1 and 2–2, all of the points that determine the figure inthis exercise cannot be entered with complete accuracy by all three of the methodslisted (see Important Point below). Except for points A1, A2, A5, and A8, the points inthe shape in this exercise can be accurately specified only by polar coordinates. For ex-ample, the coordinates of point A3 (2 units at 240° from point A2) are 5,1.267949192431.This is derived from the X coordinate of 6 – 2 cos 240° and the Y coordinate of 5 – 2 sin240°. Even though the X coordinate happens to be a round number in this case, it is anexception rather than the rule. Keying in numbers like 1.267949192431 takes time and issubject to error. Any fewer digits might cause problems when endpoints of sequencesare expected to end exactly at some other point. You cannot see the difference on aplot, but some of the computer functions that depend on this type of accuracy mightnot perform as expected. So not only is it easier to enter the polar coordinates@2<240, it is also quicker, more accurate, and less subject to error.

The LINE command must be invoked at least three times. And in order to enter thestarting point for the second separate part of the shape (the line from B1 to B2), thelast segment of the first sequence needs to end where shown, at point A8.


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Important PointAutoCAD has more advanced commands and features to make drawing these early exer-cises more easily than used here.

Points of Interest• Steps 11 and 15 in the following Point by Point instructions show how you can specify

starting points of lines (in this case, points B1 and C1) by using the @ symbol andpolar coordinate “distance and direction” data. Remember, the @ symbol means“last point.”

• This method is possible because we ended the previous lines in predeterminedpoints (A8 and B2) whose direction and distance from B1 and C1 we knew. If wehad wanted to start segment B1 at B2, it would have been difficult to establish itfrom A8 by means of polar coordinates.

• Only the second point can be entered easily and accurately by means of any of thethree methods (absolute, relative rectangular, or relative polar coordinates).

Drawing Setup Set Units to Decimal and set drawing limits to 10 � 7.

Invoke the LINE command and then respond to the points prompt as shown. Steps 10and 14 reinvoke the LINE command for separate sequences.

Point by Point1. Specify first point: 2,3 (ENTER) (starting point of line A1–A2)2. Specify next point or @4,0 (ENTER) (endpoint of line A1–A2)3. Specify next point or @2,240 (ENTER) (endpoint of line A2–A3)4. Specify next point or @4,120 (ENTER) (endpoint of line A3–A4)5. Specify next point or @2,240 (ENTER) (endpoint of line A4–A5)6. Specify next point or @2,300 (ENTER) (endpoint of line A5–A6)7. Specify next point or @4,60 (ENTER) (endpoint of line A6–A7)8. Specify next point or @2,300 (ENTER) (endpoint of line A7–A8)9. Specify next point or (ENTER) (exits the LINE command)10. (Press (ENTER) for automatic recall of LINE command for B1 to B2)11. Specify first point @2,120 (ENTER) (starting point of line B1–B2)12. Specify next point or @2,180 (ENTER) (endpoint of line B1–B2)13. Specify next point or (ENTER) (exits the LINE command)14. (Press (ENTER) for automatic recall of LINE command for C1 to C2)15. Specify first point @4,300 (ENTER) (starting point of line C1 to C2)16. Specify next point or @2,180 (ENTER) (endpoint of line C1 to C2)17. Specify next point or (ENTER) (exits the LINE command)



EXERCISE 2–4


Single line sequence • Absolute rectangular coordinates for the first linesegment of the sequence

• Relative polar coordinates for the remainingsegments

Important PointAutoCAD has more advanced commands and features to make drawing these early exer-cises easier than we’ve shown here. These methods are pabulum. Solid food will comelater.


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Points of InterestStep 9 in the following Point by Point instructions can be substituted by simply selectingthe Close option.

Drawing Setup Set Units to Architectural and Limits to �4 04 00,�1 08 00for lower left corner and 10 00 00,11 04 00 for upper rightcorner.

Useful Point Don’t forget to ZOOM ALL after setting the limits.

Invoke the LINE command and respond to the “Specify first point:” as shown below.

Point by Point1. Specify first point: 0,0 (ENTER) (starting point of line A–B)2. Specify next point or @4 00,0 (ENTER) (endpoint of line A–B)3. Specify next point or @4 00,45 (ENTER) (endpoint of line B–C)4. Specify next point or @4 00,90 (ENTER) (endpoint of line C–D)5. Specify next point or @4 00,135 (ENTER) (endpoint of line D–E)6. Specify next point or @4 00,180 (ENTER) (endpoint of line E–F)7. Specify next point or @4 00,225 (ENTER) (endpoint of line F–G)8. Specify next point or @4 00,270 (ENTER) (endpoint of line G–H)9. Specify next point or @4 00,315 (ENTER) (endpoint of line H–A)10. Specify next point or (ENTER) (exits the LINE command)



EXERCISE 2–5


Multiple line/arc sequences • Absolute rectangular coordinates

• Relative rectangular coordinates

• Relative polar coordinates

Some, but not all, of the points that determine the shape in this exercise can be enteredby any one of the three listed methods. This exercise is primarily to emphasize when theline–arc continuation and the arc–line continuation options can be applied and whenthey cannot.


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Points of Interest• The default line–line continuation of the LINE command does not require that lines

drawn subsequent to the previous line segment start in the same direction that theprevious line ends.

• In line–line continuation you may proceed in any desired direction with the continu-ing line.

• In line–arc and arc–line continuations, the connecting line/arc must start in thesame direction that the previous arc/line ends.

Drawing Setup Set Units to Decimal and drawing limits to9 � 13.

Point by PointInvoke the LINE command, and AutoCAD prompts:

Specify first point: 2,1 (ENTER) (starting point of line A–B)

Specify next point or #2,4 (ENTER) (end point of line A–B)

Specify next point or (ENTER) (exits the LINE command)

Invoke the ARC command, and AutoCAD prompts:

Specify start point of arc or 2,4 (ENTER) (startingpoint of arc B–D)

Specify second point of arc or (choose CENTER from theshortcut menu)

Specify center point of arc: #2,5 (ENTER) (arc centerfor arc B–D)

Specify end point of arc or #3,5 (ENTER) (end pointof arc B–D)

Invoke the LINE command, and AutoCAD prompts:

Specify first point: (ENTER) (invoke the continuationoption)

Length of line: 3 (ENTER) (length of line D–E)

Specify next point or #2,8 (ENTER) (end point ofline E–F)

Specify next point or #2,10 (ENTER) (end point ofline F–G)



Specify start point of arc or 2,10 (ENTER) (startingpoint of the arc G–J)


Specify center point of arc: #2,11 (ENTER) (arc centerfor arc G–J)

Specify end point of arc or #3,11 (ENTER) (end point ofarc G–J)




Specify first point: 3,11 (ENTER) (start point ofline J–K)

Specify next point or #5,11 (ENTER) (end point ofline J–K)

Specify next point or #5,5 (ENTER) (end point ofline K–L)



Specify start point of arc or (ENTER) (invoke thecontinuation option to start the arc at L)

Specify end point of arc: #6,4 (enter) (endpoint ofarc L–M)


Specify first point: 6,4 (ENTER) (start point ofline M–N)

Specify next point or #6,1 (ENTER) (end point ofline M–N)

Specify next point or #2,1 (ENTER) (end point ofline N–A)



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EXERCISE 2–6

Type of shapes Input Methods

Single line sequence • Absolute rectangular coordinatesMultiple arcs • Three-point option for arcs

Points of Interest• The top view of this tent-shaped object gives some clues to its true shape, but not

enough. A side view is required.• In the front view, the two outside arcs are represented in their true 2D appearance.

However, the two inner arcs represent arcs that are rotated 60°. Their true represen-tation would be ellipses. Since we have not covered ellipses, we will use arcs to giveclose approximations.

Important Points• Advanced features like the ELLIPSE command and 3D drawing may used to make

the drawing exact if necessary.• Note that arcs can be drawn both clockwise and counterclockwise with the three-

point option. This is not the case with all options of the ARC command.

Drawing Setup Open the drawing created in Exercise 2–3




Specify first point: 4,0.5 (ENTER) (starting point ofline 1)

Specify next point or #8,0.5 (ENTER) (end point ofline 1)



Specify start point of arc or 4,0.5 (ENTER) (startingpoint of arc 1)

Specify second point of arc or #5,2 (ENTER) (secondpoint of arc 1)

Specify end point of arc or #6,2.5 (ENTER) (end pointof arc 1)

(Press (ENTER) to invoke the ARC command again)



(second point of arc 2)





(second point of arc 3)




Specify second point of arc or #7,2 (ENTER) (secondpoint of arc 4)



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EXERCISE 2–7


Multiple circles • Absolute rectangular coordinates• Center-Radius option for circles

Points of Interest• The main octagon in this figure was drawn precisely by using the relative polar coor-

dinate point entry method. However, only the coordinates of the bottom line arenice, whole units. The other end points around the polygon cannot easily be enteredexactly from the keyboard.

• The most significant point of this figure is probably its center. The relative distance/direction from the center to the end points of the bottom line is calculated by trigo-nometry. Therefore, at this level we will simply enter “very close” coordinates for thecenter. We will do the same for the “bolt circle” (circle of circles).

Important Points• Advanced features like the ARRAY command may be used to make the drawing ex-

act if necessary.• Note that arcs can be drawn both clockwise and counterclockwise with the three-

point option. This is not the case with all options of the ARC command.



Drawing Setup Open the drawing made in Exercise 2–4.

Power Point Each center of the smaller circles can be established relativeto the previous one drawn. But in order to start the first smallcircle, its center must be established by its absolute coordi-nates or by its relation to another point. We know that it is2 00 distance at 68.5° from the left end of the bottom line (theorigin 0,0). So, in order to make the origin the “last point,”we will just start a line there and then not complete it. Thiswill establish it as the point used by the “@” symbol. The nextchapter will eliminate this trickery with the Tracking feature.

Point by PointInvoke the CIRCLE command, and AutoCAD prompts:

Specify center point for circle or 2 000,4 0010 (ENTER)(center point of the large circle)

Specify radius of circle or 48 (ENTER) (radius of thelarge circle)


Specify start point: 0,0 (ENTER) (establish the lastpoint at 0,0)

Specify next point or (press (ENTER) terminate thecommand sequence)

Invoke the CIRCLE command, and AutoCAD prompts:

Specify center point for circle or @8<67.5 (ENTER)(center point of the first small circle)

Specify radius of circle or 1.5 (ENTER) (radius of thefirst small circle)

(Press (ENTER) to invoke the CIRCLE command again)

Specify center point for circle or @42<0 (ENTER)(center point of the second small circle)

Specify radius of circle or 1.5 (ENTER) (radius of thesecond small circle)


Specify center point for circle or @42<45 (ENTER)(center point of the third small circle)

Specify radius of circle or 1.5 (ENTER) (radius of thesecond third circle)


Specify center point for circle or @42<90 (ENTER)(center point of the fourth small circle)

Specify radius of circle or 1.5 (ENTER) (radius of thefourth small circle)

(Draw the fifth through eighth small circles by continuing with the method explainedabove in the previous circles but adding 45 degrees to the angle each time).


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EXERCISES 2–8 THROUGH 2–16

Create the drawings (orthographic projections) according to the settings given in thefollowing table:

Settings Value

1. Units Decimal

2. Limits Lower left corner: 0,0Upper right corner: 12,9

NOTEGrid lines in the drawings are spaced 0.25 units apart.

EXERCISE 2–8



EXERCISE 2–9

EXERCISE 2–10


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EXERCISE 2–11

EXERCISE 2–12



EXERCISE 2–13

EXERCISE 2–14


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EXERCISE 2–15

EXERCISE 2–16



EXERCISE 2–17

Type of shape Input methods

Multiple line/arc sequences • Absolute rectangular coordinates• Relative rectangular coordinates• Relative polar coordinates

• This exercise is to be done without line–arc or arc–line continuation. Later, you willlearn to use the command that draws Polylines; its options facilitate polyline–polyarc–polyline continuation.

• Some architectural illusionism is introduced.

Drawing Setup Open the drawing created in Exercise 2–2.


Specify first point: 2 005,3 003 (ENTER) (starting point ofline 1)

Specify next point or #1 0010,3 003 (ENTER) (end point ofline 1)




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Specify start point of arc or 1 0010,2 0010 (ENTER)(starting point of arc 1)


Specify Center point of arc: # 2 006,2 0010 (ENTER) (arccenter for arc 1)

Specify end point of arc or (choose ANGLE from theshortcut menu)

Specify Included angle: 45 (ENTER) (arc included anglefor arc 1)






Specify start point of arc or 1 0010,3 0010 (ENTER)(starting point of arc 2)


Specify Center point of arc: 2 006,3 0010 (ENTER) (arccenter for arc 2)


Specify Included angle: ]82.82 (ENTER) (arc includedangle for arc 2)






Specify start point of arc or 2 007,4 006 (ENTER) (startingpoint of arc 3)


Specify Center point of arc: 2 006,3 0010 (ENTER) (arccenter for arc 3)


Specify Included angle: –45 (ENTER) (arc included anglefor arc 3)








(Second window: repeat the preceding points, adding 2 0-0 0 to each X coordinate; slashed(glass) lines can be drawn freehand with the LINE command.)


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EXERCISE 2–18

Create the accompanying drawing of the reflected ceiling plan with light fixturesaccording to the settings given in the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value

1. Units Architectural

2. Limits Lower left corner: 0,0Upper right corner: 36 0,24 0

FIGURE EX2–18 Reflected ceiling plan with light fixtures



EXERCISE 2–19

Create the accompanying drawing of the stair riser tread profile according to the set-tings given in the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value

1. Units Decimal


HINT Coordinates for a few points are given in the figure. Coordinates values for missing pointscan be calculated from the given dimensions.

FIGURE EX2–19 Stair riser tread profile


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EXERCISE 2–20

Create the accompanying drawing of a stair in plan view according to the settings givenin the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value



FIGURE EX2–20 Stair in plan view



EXERCISE 2–21

Create the accompanying drawing of a masonry wall and footing section view accordingto the settings given in the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value



HINT Coordinates for a few points are given in the figure. Use the given coordinates and dimen-sions in developing the values for the remaining points.

FIGURE EX2–21 Masonry wall and footing section view


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EXERCISE 2–22

Create the accompanying drawing of a cul-de-sac according to the settings given in thefollowing table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value



HINTRefer to the table below for distances and angles for the various points referred in the figure.

Variable Distances Angles

A 22.873 0 —

B 83.036 0 —

C — 35°D — 35°RE 100.000 0 —

RF 50.000 0 —

FIGURE EX2–22 Cul-de-sac



EXERCISE 2–23

Create the accompanying drawing of a concrete slopped retaining wall (section view)according to the settings given in the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value



HINT Refer to the table below for coordinates for the various points referred in the figure. Calcu-late the missing coordinates from the given coordinates and dimensions.

Letter Coordinate

A (6.0 0,.5 0)

B (8.0 0,.5 0)

H (2.0124 0,5.6667 0)

I (5.5291 0,2.1167 0)


2-42

FIGURE EX2–23 Slopped retaining wall



EXERCISE 2–24

Create the accompanying drawing of a section through trench drain according to thesettings given in the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value



FIGURE EX2–24 Trench drain


2-44

EXERCISE 2–25

Create the accompanying drawing of a concrete encased column according to the set-tings given in the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value



FIGURE EX2–25 Concrete encased column



EXERCISE 2–26

Create the accompanying drawing of an incandescent light fixture according to the set-tings given in the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value

1. Units Decimals

2. Limits Lower left corner: –0.25,–0.25Upper right corner: 1.75,1.75

FIGURE EX2–26 Incandescent light fixture


2-46

EXERCISE 2–27

Create the accompanying fluorescent light fixture drawing according to the settingsgiven in the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value

1. Units Decimal


FIGURE EX2–27 Fluorescent light fixture



EXERCISE 2–28

Create the accompanying drawing of a circuit breaker box (elevation view) according tothe settings given in the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value


2. Limits Lower left corner: 0,0Upper right corner: 2.5 0,3 0

FIGURE EX2–28 Circuit breaker box


2-48

EXERCISE 2–29

Create the accompanying drawing of a switch-wiring diagram according to the settingsgiven in the following table:

Settings Value

1. Units Decimals

2. Limits Lower left corner: 0,0Upper right corner: 5,2.5

HINTThe diameter of the small circles is 0.0625, the diameter of the large circle is 0.3162.

FIGURE EX2–29 Switch-wiring diagram



EXERCISE 2–30

Create the accompanying drawing of a partial residential water meter diagram accordingto the settings given in the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value


2. Limits Lower left corner: �1.5 0,�1.5 0

Upper right corner: 7.5 0,4 0

FIGURE EX2–30 Residential water meter diagram


2-50

EXERCISE 2–31

Create the accompanying drawing of a steel pipe bracket support according to the set-tings given in the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value



HINTUse the RECTANGLE command to create the 8 00�52 00 wall, and 2 00�18 00 horizontal bracket.Use the CIRCLE command to create the pipes O.D. and I.D.

FIGURE EX2–31 Steel pipe bracket support



EXERCISE 2–32

Create the accompanying drawing of a condensate pump symbol according to the set-tings given in the following table (do not add dimension):

Settings Value

1. Units Decimals


FIGURE EX2–32 Condensate pump symbol


2-52

37889 02 ch02 1.fpeng/e261engrcad/chapter_02 exercises...mechanical, electronic, and piping objects....

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