36670186 lock industry

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Objective Scope Introduction Security in the 14 th and 15 th Century Safecracking under seas Elegance in The metal The Mystique of the key National Programme for the development of Indian Lock Industry Aligarh Lock Industry Aligarh Riots: Lock on the lock industry in Aligarh Research Methodology Data Analysis Findings Suggestion Limitation Conclusion Questionnaire Bibliography

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Page 1: 36670186 Lock Industry

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Objective

Scope

Introduction

Security in the 14th and 15th Century

Safecracking under seas

Elegance in The metal

The Mystique of the key

National Programme for the development of Indian Lock

Industry

Aligarh Lock Industry

Aligarh Riots: Lock on the lock industry in Aligarh

Research Methodology

Data Analysis

Findings

Suggestion

Limitation

Conclusion

Questionnaire

Bibliography

Page 2: 36670186 Lock Industry

An Introduction to the History of Locks

Locks and keys were known long before the birth of Christ. They are

mentioned frequently in the Old Testament and in mythology. In the

Book of Nehemiah, chapter 3, it is stated that when repairing the old

gates of the City of Jerusalem - probably in 445 B.C. - they "set up the

doors thereof, and the locks thereof, and the bars thereof." At this

time, locks were made of wood. They were large and crude in design;

yet their principle of operation was the forerunner of the modern pin-

tumbler locks of today.

As locksmiths and metal workers became proficient in their craft, they

were invited to make locks and keys for the Royal Courts and for the

churches and cathedrals of Europe. They excelled in elaborate and

high and highly detailed ornamentation - often adapted to the religious

theme.

 Security was a Guardian Angel

In India, in the days of the Emperor of Annam, valuables were sealed

into large blocks of wood, which were placed on small islands or

submerged into surrounding pools of the inner courts of the palace.

Here, they were protected by the royal "guardian angels," a number of

crocodiles kept on starvation rations so they were always hungry. To

venture into the water meant certain death for the intruder. The

legitimate approach to the treasure was to drug or kill the crocodiles.

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Security was a Knotted Rope

For many hundreds of years, cords of ropes made of rush and fiber

were used to "lock" doors and tie up walls. The legend goes, a knotted

rope became a famous symbol of security. Intricately tied by Gordius,

King of Phrygia, and known by his name, the Gordian Knot, secured the

yoke to the shaft of his chariot. Its untying was pronounced by oracles

to be possible only by the man destined to conquer Asia. However,

when Alexander the Great failed to undo the Gordian Knot, he cut it

swiftly with his sword, giving us the expression, "to cut the Gordian

Knot," meaning a bold, decisive action, effective when milder

measures fail.

Locks from the Orient

Brass and iron padlocks found in Europe and the Far East were

popularized by the Romans and the Chinese. They were particularly

favored because they were portable. They operated by keys that

turned, screwed, and pushed. The push-key padlock was of simple

construction, the bolt kept in locked position by the projection of a

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spring or springs. To unlock, the springs were compressed or flattened

by the key, which freed the bolt and permitted it to slide back.

Padlocks of this type are most universally used in the Orient today. The

decoration reflects the arts of the countries, and shapes often took the

form of animals - dragons, horses, dogs, even elephants and

hippopotamuses. Padlocks were often presented in pairs as gifts, with

congratulatory messages in cuneiform characters.

"Firsts" in Development of Locks

The first mechanical locks, made of wood, were probably created by a

number of civilizations at the same time. Records show them in use

some 4,000 years ago in Egypt. Fastened vertically on the door post,

the wooden lock contained moveable pins or "pin tumblers," that

dropped by gravity into openings in the cross piece or "bolt," and

locked the door. It was operated by a wooden key with pegs or prongs

that raised the number of tumblers sufficiently to clear the bolt so that

it could be pulled back. This method of locking was the forerunner of

modern pin tumbler locks.

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The first all-metal lock appeared between the years 870 and 900,

and are attributed to the English craftsmen. They were simple bolts,

made of iron with wards (obstructions) fitted around the keyholes to

prevent tampering.

The first use of wards (fixed projections in a lock) was introduced

by the Romans who devised obstructions to "ward off" the entry or

turning of the wrong key. Wards were notched and cut into decorative

designs, and warding became a basic locking mechanism for more

than a thousand years. The first padlocks were "convenient" locks as

they could be carried and used where necessary. They were known in

early times to merchants traveling ancient trade routes to Asia and

Europe.

New concepts for locking devices were developed in Europe in the 17th

century. Early Bramah locks utilized a series of sliders in a circular

pattern to provide exceptional security. Bramah is the oldest lock

company in the world and is continuing to manufacture its famous

mechanism 200 years later.

Primitives

The first wooden lock was discovered in Persia as Khorsabad in security

gate in the palace of Sargon II, who reigned from 722 to 705 B.C. In

appearance and operation, it was very similar to this wooden cane-

tumbler locks. The pegs at the bit end of the key correspond to the

bars, or the tumblers, in the bolt. When inserted, the pegs lifted the

tumblers so that the bolt could be retracted and the door or gate could

opened.

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Locks from the Old World

Designs of locks and keys were notably influenced by gothic

architecture with evermore elaborate ornamentation continuing into

the period of the Renaissance. Master locksmiths were invited to make

locks for noblemen throughout Europe. Because of this practice, it is

difficult to document an antique lock as having been produced

specifically in the country where it was in use centuries ago.

German Castle Locks

The period from the 14th through the 17th century was one of artistic

accomplishment by superb craftsmen. Locksmiths were skilled

metalworkers who were becoming internationally famous. They were

invited to construct special locks for noblemen throughout Europe.

Using designs of coats-of-arms and symbolic shapes, they devised

intricate wards and bits for locks and keys and were inspired to

produce increasingly ornamental locks to harmonize with the

architecture of their clients' estates or castles. However, there were

few improvements in locking mechanisms. Security depended upon

intricacies such as hidden keyholes, trick devices, and complicated

warding.

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Security in the 14th and 15th Centuries

There was little significant improvement in locking mechanisms in the

14th and 15th centuries. However, ornamentation became increasingly

elaborate. Craftsmen excelled in metal work and designed and

produced locks for gates, doors, chests, and cupboards. A

"Masterpiece" lock was never used on a door. It was designed and

produced as a one-of-a-kind by a journeyman locksmith, or iron

monger as a "test" to qualify him as a Master. Masterpiece locks were

often displayed without covers to show the component parts of the

mechanisms, their functions, the decorative designs of lockcases, and

method of assembly.

Padlocks

Padlocks were known early in time to the Greeks, Romans, Egyptians,

and other cultures of the Near East, including the Chinese. It was

believed that the padlock was first used as a "travel" lock to protect

merchandise from brigands along ancient trade routes and seaboards

and waterways where commerce was centered. Made in small sizes to

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those of tremendous proportions, they represented various geometric

shapes, religious symbols, animals, fish, birds, hearts. They were

operated by keys that turned, screwed, pushed, and pulled. For better

efficiency, letter locks, or combination padlocks, were developed,

which eliminated keys and operated by alignment of letters or

numbers on revolving disks. Shown here is an American padlock dating

back to the turn-of-the-century. In the popular circular shape, this lock

was probably used on a huge strongbox. It has a single ward

(obstruction) which the key bypasses to project the bolt.

Locking In

Padlocks were used throughout the centuries to lock prisoners and

possessions. They were usually made of iron, bronze, or brass, and

were rugged in construction. However, internal locking mechanisms

were often fairly simple and easy to defuse.

This massive Russian padlock shown here was meticulously hand-

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forged early in the reign of the last Czar, Nicholas II (1895-1918). The

large circular ring on the top is the "handle" or bow of a threaded key

which is rotated into the keyhole to disengage the locking mechanism.

When the shackle is in the locking position, the key is removed, and

the plug is inserted to give the illusion that there is no keyhole. The

threaded portion of the key is then screwed into its protective cover.

Inventive Ingenuity

As lock-picking became an art in the 18th century, the inventor met

the challenge of the burglar with increasingly complicated locking

mechanisms. Among the new improvements were keys with

changeable bits, "curtain closed-out" around keyholes to prevent

tampering, alarm bells combined with the action of the bolt, and

"puzzle" or ring padlocks, with this principle developing into dial face

and bank vault locks, operating without keys and known as

combination locks.

The early puzzle padlocks were Oriental with from three to seven rings

of characters or letters which released the hasp when properly aligned.

The dial locks were similar in operation, and both types were

combinated to unlock to words or patterns of numbers known only to

the owners or responsible persons.

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At the left is the Eureka, a manipulation-proof combination lock with

five tumblers. For a faithful bank vault used at one time in the U.S.

Treasury Department. Patented in 1862 by Dodds, MacNeal, and Urban

of Canton, Ohio. The operating dial is a combination of letters and

numbers and affords 1,073,741,824 combinations; to run through them

all without interruption would take 2,042 years, 324 days, and 1 hour.

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Castle and Chest Locks

During the gothic era, followed by the exuberant influence of the

Renaissance, master locksmiths were inspired to product the most

intricate and the finest ornamental locks of all time. This was the

period when iron craftsmen and lock artisans became internationally

famous. They excelled in the forging, embossing, engraving, chafing,

and etching of metals, and were invited to make locks and keys for the

courts of Europe.

Shown here is a spring latch lock for a castle door. Its working

mechanism is concealed in the classic dome, or ward house, that

shows the Moorish influence. Ornamented in the style of the period

with mythical figures and scrolls, it is particularly noteworthy as it

illustrates the coloring of metal, similar to the "niello" process. As the

craftsman lacked color, he created various stains for metal, which he

used for backgrounds to highlight his design.

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Locks for Treasure Chests

Since the earliest times, chests were secured with strong and

frequently very large locks. They were used to protect precious metals,

money, jewels, to store clothing, and church vestments, archives and

arms, linens and other household articles, bridal finery, and even for

burial of important people. Chest locks were ornamented for household

use, or were very plain and sturdy for chests that were to be

transported. Generally, they were mounted inside the chest, in a

vertical position, with bolts spreading to slide into the lid keeper.

The Key was a Latchstring

In pioneering days of Colonial America, the "key" to the lock of the

house often hung on the outside of the door. It was a length of string.

Doors were latched on the inside with a pivoted wooded bar or bolt,

one end dropping into a slot in the jamb. Attached was a piece of string

that was threaded through a small hole to the outside. To the visitor,

the dangling string was an immediate welcome, as pulling on it, raised

the bolt and opened the door. This lock and key became the origin of

our expression of hospitality, "the latch string is always out."

There were No Secrets in Madrid

Several centuries ago, in Spain, there was a great distrust of locks. To

be safe, the householders of a block hired a watchman to patrol the

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neighborhood and carry the keys to their dwellings. To enter or leave a

house, the resident clapped his hands vigorously to summon the

watchman with his key, so, all comings and goings became a matter of

public record and there was little chance for "hanky panky" in old

Madrid.

Marie Antoinette's Husband was a Locksmith

His name was Louis, Louis XVI, King of France. Louis didn't particularly

like the business of being a king, but he had an extraordinary interest

in mechanical labor. He spent many happy hours in his house

workshop forging metal and making locks, skills taught to him by a

locksmith named Gamin. He was particularly proud of an iron security

cabinet which we concealed in a wall to protect his private papers.

Unfortunately, Louis didn't reckon with the Revolutionists, as his secret

hiding place was revealed by Gamin, and his papers incriminated him.

History says, poor Louis, he was as good a locksmith as he was a bad

king.

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Safecracking Under Seas

As a child, Charles Courtney was intrigued with everything mechanical

that he could fix or take apart. He was especially fascinated with locks,

and so began his lifelong career as a lock expert. However, he had

resolved to become a diver and do all the things his great, great uncle,

Jules Verne, a novelist, had described in his famous book, Twenty

Thousand Leagues Under The Sea. Years later, Charles Courtney

realized his dream. Because of his talent for picking locks, he was hired

as a diver to open safes on sunken ships. He was the first to do a

locksmithing job 400 feet under water, and he recovered many millions

of dollars for the salvage companies. Charles Courtney achieved

international fame as a Master Locksmith, also known as a collector of

antique locks, many of them now a part of the Schlage collection.

The Safemakers and the Yeggs

Country banks, in the early 1800s were housed in crude buildings.

Safes were simple wooden shafts or strongboxes reinforced with sheet

iron and secured with padlocks. It was "easy money" for criminal to

break in and smash the safe, or carry it away for "cracking" in privacy.

So began the race between safemakers and safe breakers, or "yeggs"

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as they were called. Manufacturers started to build solid iron safes with

key-operated deadbolt locks; yeggs soon defeated them by pouring

explosives into the keyholes and blowing the doors off their hinges. For

better protection, lock makers developed combination locks without

keyholes, later combining them with tiny mechanism. Vaults of steel

and concrete were built into the structures of banks. Multiple locking

procedures were devised and so passed the era of the yegg.

To Please a Lady

Catherine the Great, Czarina of Russia from 1762 to 1796, had one of

the most notable lock collections of her time. She admired the fine

workmanship of artisans who designed ornamental faceplates for locks

and created padlocks in fanciful forms to please a lady or a favored

child. It is said that a famous Russian locksmith gained his freedom

from banishment to Siberia my making a chain for Catherine. She was

so impressed with his craftsmanship that she pardoned him. As the

story goes, this incident is credited with the origin of a saying that "it

takes 89 keys to unlock a prison."

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Americana

In the mid 1700s, locks were few in the

Colonies and most were copies of European

mechanisms. With the founding of the

Republic and the new prosperity, there was a

growing demand for sturdy door locks, padlocks, and locks for safes

and vaults, and so the American lock industry had its start. Each native

craftsman had his own ideas about security, and between 1774 and

1920, American lockmakers patented some 3,000 varieties of lock

devices. Among was the patent for a "domestic lock," by Linus Yale, Sr.

This lock was a modification of an old Egyptian pin-tumbler principle

that utilized a revolving cylinder.

In the early 1920s, Walter Schlage advanced the concept of a

cylindrical pin-tumbler lock by placing a push-button locking

mechanism between the two knobs. Emphasis was on security; yet

equally important to the modern architect and decorator, the lock

became an intricate part of the door design. It was now possible to

select complimentary styles of locks, metals, and finishes. Shown here

is a rim lock from Fort Sumter at Charleston Harbor, South Carolina.

The Fort was the site of the start of the Civil War. On April 12, 1861,

the Confederate forces opened fire on Fort Sumter, a federal garrison.

After a bombardment of 36 hours, the Fort surrendered on April 14.

The lock was found by Captain James Kelly, formerly a blockade

runner, when he was delivering materials for the rebuilding of Fort

Sumter at the close of the Civil War.

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The revolutionary Schlage lock is a completely different concept of a

cylindrical lock with the button-in-the-knob mechanism placed between

the knobs, introduced by Walter Schlage in the early 1920s.

Elegance in Metal

During the Middle Ages, locks and keys were highly ornate. Iron began

to be worked cold. It was no longer necessary for the smith to work

quickly at the forge; he now used a file, a cold chisel, and a saw with

extraordinary dexterity. The master locksmith designed special locks

for cathedrals and churches in the shape of a cross and embellished

them with elaborate decorations. He acquired expert skills in

repoussé , ornametations, overlays, embossing, chaffing, piercing, and

created delicate fretwork in the popular scroll and leaf patterns of the

period.

Above is a Spanish chuck lock and key with hinged hasp and rim

or lockplate with pairs of facing animals. Belonging to Queen Isabella,

this lock was probably used to secure a storage chest that may have

contained her royal robe

and personal fortune.

The Mystique of the

Key

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For many centuries, keys represented authority, security, and power.

Gods, goddesses, and saints are described as holders of the keys to

the Kingdom of Heaven, to Bottomless Pit, to Gates of Earth and Sea.

Kings, emperors, nobles of the court, and cities and towns incorporated

the symbol of the key into banners, coats of arms and official seals.

The delivery of keys to a castle, fortress, or city was a ceremonial

event, as is the presentation of the Key-To-The-City today to a visiting

dignitary.

Shown here is a large Roman key.

Keys from the Time of Nero to Queen Victoria

The key was a symbol of man's status, his authority.

Many centuries ago in Egypt, the importance of the

"head of the household" was determined by the number

of keys he owned; they were large and were carried by

slaves on their shoulders. Should he have several slaves,

or key bearers, he was considered to be a man of great

wealth and distinction. So, through

the ages, the lock and its key have

become an intricate part of our

culture. Locking up personal

property, the key symbolizes our

desire for privacy and security for our

Page 19: 36670186 Lock Industry

possessions. This emblem of keys from the early Roman period to the

19th century may include a master key or two, but there are no

duplicates.

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The Ceremony of the Keys

If you have visited the Tower of London, you will remember the warder,

dressed in a red tunic and wearing a Tudor hat and ruff. Familiarly, he

is called a Beefeater. Specifically, he is an Honorary Yeoman of the

Guards, a member of the Queen's bodyguard. If you spoke to him, you

may have heard the story of the Ceremony of the Keys. Every night,

the Chief Warder locks the Tower gates and brings the keys to

headquarters in the ancient fortress. The sentry calls out "Halt! Who

comes there?" "The Keys." "Whose keys?" "Queen Elizabeth's keys."

Everyone presents arms and the warder calls out, "God preserve

Queen Elizabeth." The guard responds, "Amen." Tonight and every

night, this traditional ceremony of Britain continues. The yeoman

repeats the same words that have never been changed in 450 years.

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NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN

LOCK INDUSTRY

KEY PLAYERS: O/o DC (SSI), UNIDO(TDSP), SIDBI.,

National Small Industries Corporation

All India Lock Manufacturers Association - Aligarh

(UP).Dindigul Lock Workers Industrial Cooperative

Society, Dindigul.(AP).

PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES:

1. Technological upgradation of Indian Lock Industry.

2. Upgradation of NSIC Technical Services Extension

Centre, Aligarh to the level of the advanced tool Room &

Training & Testing Centre, wherein the current processes

and technology used by the Lock industry will be upgraded

to that of international levels.

3. (a)  Setting up of SPM at the Aligarh center as per

Indian requirements for development       of Pin Cylinder

Mechanism.

(b)  Creation of common facility Center for the Lock artisan

at Dindigul, Tamil Nadu.

4. Establishing a marketing network by participating in

International and National Fairs and conducting vendor

development programmes. Sourcing of lock components

by leading Lock manufactures (Godrej etc.).

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BUDGET:

  

 US$

(Million)(in Rs.)

Govt. of India 0.60 2,76,00,000

ICAMT/UNIDO 0.12 55,20,000

SIDBI 0.10 46,00,000

Donors/partners including

State Govt.

0.38 1,74,80,000

(to be arranged by ICAMT-

UNIDO)------------- ------------------

 1.20

5,52,00,00

CURRENT STATUS:

1. The Project Document and the trust Fund Agreement

with UNIDO have been signed in 21st September 2001.

2. NSIC has been designated as the implementing

agency.

3. The Central Manufacturing Technology Instt.,

Bangalore has agreed to provide necessary design /

technical inputs.

4. 25 artisans from Dindigul Lock Workers Industrial

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Cooperative Society Ltd. Dindigul trained on lock smithy

technology at NSIC Technical Services Center, Aligarh .

5. Participation of the Small Scale Lock Manufacturers

in the Codecia Fair Coimbatore.

6. Till date two meetings of the Steering Committee of

NPDLI have been held under the Chairmanship of AS&DC

(SSI).

7. Step initiated for formation of core group of units

who have already adopted Pin- Cylinder Technology

8. Participation of Lock manufacturing units in building

material exhibition at Venezuela organized by Building

Material and Technology Up gradation Council, New Delhi.

9. Specialized Entrepreneurial Development

Programme organized by Dindigul Lock artisans at Dindigul

by SISI Chennai, ICAMT.

10. Organized training on Good manufacturing Practices

for Small Scale Lock manufacturing units at Technical

Services Extension Centre NSIC Aligarh .

11. Work pertaining to the upgradation of NSIC Technical

Services Centre at Aligarh and Common Facility Centre at

Dindigul are in progress.

12. Training Programme on Tool & Die making organised

at NSIC, Aligarh from 3rd to 28th March 2003 for small-

scale lock manufacturers.

13. A Business Delegation to Cologne (Germany)

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comprising of 11 small-scale lock manufacturers was

sponsored from March 9th to 12th 2003.

14. Small scale lock manufacturers from Aligarh and

Dindigul participated in the Techmart Nov 2002 and 2003

at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. Organized one day workshop

on Lock Technology Trends at Aligarh on 17th April 2003.

15. Dr. P.A. Joshi, Lock Expert guided small scale lock

manufacturers at Aligarh on Lock Technology mapping.

16. Organised Workshop on Lock Standardization at

NSIC, Aligarh on 16th June 2003.

17. TDSP (UNIDO) arranged Senior Expert Services (SES)

from Germany Dr. Norbert Grabosch on developing pin

cylinder technology at selected 5 SSI lock-manufacturing

units from 5th August 2003 to 20th August 2003.

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PRODUCTS

 Security for our homes has become mandatory since threats like break-in,

kidnapping, burglary are common these days. To protect ourselves, its better we

equip our home with appropriate home security systems. Door security devices

are one among them which guards us from such threats. Their advanced

features ensure safety, allowing access only to authenticated users. The

increased rate of door lock manufacturing proves the importance of the Indian

users preferring on electronic door security devices.

The different types of door locks are:

 

Pad Locks

Deadbolts

Digital door locks

Fingerprint locks

Door phones

While the first 2 types come under mechanical (traditional) door locks, the other

3 are classified under electronic (advanced) door locks. Here’s an overview of

the various types of door security devices suitable for Indian users.

Types of Door Security Devices in India

These are the common door security devices for home. They are also the

traditional lock system used in India for over the decades.

1. Padlocks

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Padlocks are one of the most basic door locks in India. They are portable and

usually come along with a key. But nowadays, padlocks come in automatic

version which can lock even without a key.

 

 

2. Deadbolts

Deadbolts are available in varied sizes ranging from smaller ones to the bulk

kind. Its durability depends on the strength of the inbuilt plates. We use these

latches to lock our rooms from inside and outside, as well.

 

3. Digital keypad door locks

 

It is an electronic password protected access system. These systems are highly

recommended for bigger entities like hotels as they require high power back up.

4. Fingerprint locks

With increasing doubts over trustworthy security, fingerprint authenticated locks

can be one viable option for solving the purpose. The primary advantage of this

type of digital door locks is that, only valid users can access them. These types

of locks are mostly used in banks and for safety lockers. But with the alarming

rise in thefts and insecurity, even apartment residents and individual house

owners have started using fingerprint locks.

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5. Door Phones

Door phones are security systems that are fitted on your doors to enable

communication with the visitor. You can also look at them when video access is

provided in the device.You can closely watch visitors’ activities by activating the

camera through the indoor unit. So you can easily communicate with any

outsider from inside.

 

There are also different types of door phones for you to choose from:

 

                  

 

a) ID Card Access Color Video Door phone –password accessed devices that

needs ID card to release the door   lock. You can see the visitor with the help of

the built-in camera.

 

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b) Hand Free B/W Video Doorphone–black and white model that consists of

two cameras with multi-monitors. This   can be panned, tilted as per the need of

the user to take a closer look of the visitor.

 

c) Video Door Phones-It provides 2 way communications with its dual camera,

inside and outside. It also comes with high resolution camera and excellent night

vision. It generates an alarm sound in case of emergency.

Some Popular Indian Brands Dealing with Door Security Systems

 

Eureka Forbes

Eldorado Technologies Limited

Nesttech India Pvt. Ltd

Honeywell International India Pvt. Ltd

 

With professional assistance from the home security systems dealers you can

avail the necessary door security devices suiting your needs. The increasing

number of criminal activities today, leaves people with no option but do

everything to protect their home and families. By the advancement of the door

locks in India you will be assured of a happy and secured life.

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Industry

Aligarh City is famous as an industrial city. It is also known as

Taala Nagari (Locks City of India). The second Largest Lock

Manufacturer of Locks in India Link Locks is based in the City. An

approximation puts the total number of industries at 25,000 which

constitute of both Small scale & Large Scale Industries. Aligarh is

having a boom in the construction business at this point of time, many

new multi level buildings, shopping complexes and apartments have

come up. Many malls are recently being constructed by major

developers from Delhi & Aligarh . Malls in the city include Great

Shopping Mall at Ramghat Road, Many more are under construction

like The Landmark Mall at Marris Road, Sharda Mall at Center Point,

Ozone Mall at Ring Road, Great Value Mall at Ramghat Road.

There are many popular showrooms of several internationally known

clothing and sports brands in Aligarh . Uttar Pradesh State Industrial

Development Corporation (UPSIDC) has developed Taala Nagri

Industrial Area at Ramghat Road.

There are three Industrial Areas like Industrial Estate, Pala Road

and Taala Nagari. Ahlampur Industrial Area has been proposed by

UPSIDC at Delhi G.T Road. Dakshinanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd.

provides unrestricted power at Taala Nagari.

Aligarh is amongst the largest manufacturers and suppliers of

locks and hardware goods in India and is also one of the largest

manufacturers of brass fittings. It also a manufacturer of plastic and

iron toy pistols, handcuffs, belts, badges for schools and government

supply. It also has an artware and sculpture products Industry. It

supplies products all over the world. Brass market of Aligarh is one of

the largest in India, which employs thousands of skilled laborers. About

100 tonnes of brass and 50 tonnes of zinc is processed daily. Iron,

aluminum, bronze, and zinc products are also manufactured in the city.

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Aligarh is also a bulk producer of zinc die cast parts by hot

chamber die casting process. These products are consumed in low end

domestic market. Consumption of Zinc alloy in Aligarh is more than

the consumption of zinc alloy in rest of India. Made in Aligarh Zinc die

cast parts can get broken after 2 to 4 years as Aligarh uses recycled

zinc alloy, which contains lot of impurities, specially lead.

Aligarh also has automobile parts industries which supply their

products in India and abroad. It has four fruit ripening plants which

ripens/preserves fruits, dry fruits and vegetables.

Mar 10, 2000 - Vic: Building industry divided over lock out ...

find AAP General News ( Australia) articles. AAP General News

(Australia) 03-10-2000 Vic: ... Industry divided over fallout of rise in

rupee New Delhi, Apr 8 (PTI) India Inc is divided whether the Reserve

Bank should take steps to protect ...

Page 31: 36670186 Lock Industry

Aligarh Riots : Lock on the lock industry in Aligarh

Aligarh continues to be tense even after over two months.

Indefinite curfew is enforced there since April 6 following the eruption

of communal riots. It has claimed 12 lives so far.

It all started with a dispute over hanging decorations outside a

temple constructed on the land of Masjid Memaran in Dahi Wali Gali of

the Old City. Half a dozen persons were killed and dozens injured in the

subsequent riots. Triloki, son of BJP MLA Deoki Nandan Kori was also

found dead in the riots and then mistaken as a Muslim and buried by

the local Police as an unidentified Muslim. Later, after demand his body

was exhumed, identified and cremated.

Local Muslims got registered FIR in the Police Station concerned.

A few persons, including those associated with the BJP were named in

it. The time rolled by but the Police remained inactive despite the

continued tension. Meanwhile, curfew relaxed in parts and rotation in

seven Police Stations of Aligarh in the first week of May.

Later, two unidentified motorcyclists shot dead two persons---

Raju Kumar, a Samosewaala and Raman Gupta, a chemist---in two

separate incidents on May 19 and 22. Later, again on May 28 O P

Gupta, a local BJP leader, too became a victim to the bullets of the

unidentified motorcyclists. Incidentally, all the three killed were

accused in the April 6 riot FIR for instigating the communal riots.

Then in the subsequent riots two persons belonging to the

minority community was lynched by the agitating mob on the same

night of May 28. Since then the curfew that was relaxed but not lifted,

was full-fledged enforced again there.

Till date there is neither reduction of tension, nor relaxation in

curfew. As a result, the tension is growing and the number of those

being detained by the Police is increasing. It is causing harassment to

the weaker sections, particularly Muslims. Some are arrested for

Page 32: 36670186 Lock Industry

violating the norms of Curfew by going to the streets in search of some

work. They all are labourers and depend upon daily wages.

As is well known, Aligarh is famous for its locks, besides the

internationally renowned Aligarh Muslim University (AMU). Over 6,000

manufacturing units of locks are found here. Even after the entry of the

Chinese locks into India, they are more or less in demand in different

parts of the country.

Incidentally, all these units are located in the Curfew-bound

areas of Kotwali, Banna Devi, Gandhi Park, Delhi Gate and Sansi Gate.

Therefore, they all are locked since April 6. About 25,000 employees

work in these 6,000 units. Almost 30 per cent of the products are

exported. The annual turnover of the lock industry in Aligarh is Rs 200

crore.

Says Bua Singh, Dirctor General Police, UP: "We will only lift the

curfew after the motorcycle shooters are caught. Our Special Task

Force team is on the run and we expect a quick result."

The motorcyclists must be identified and caught so that the

culprits might be punished. But so far as the matter of bringing Aligarh

to normalcy is concerned, it may not serve the purpose fully. The

continuing tension has got its roots in the construction of a temple on

the land of a mosque.

The local senior citizens belonging to both the communities

would have to come forward. In this context, some Muslim

organizations like the All India Milli Council, having credibility and

confidence in the society, can play a role in coordinating them.

So far as the local Police is concerned, it could not take up the

case properly. That’s why the case is still

pending since the incident of April 6. The state government can shirk

its responsibility just by suspending the Aligarh city SP S K Verma and

Additional District Magistrate Satya Bhan and terming the shooting

Page 33: 36670186 Lock Industry

down of the three accused persons in the April 6 riots FIR as the

retaliatory killing.

Apart from these facts, it can be denied that the Sangh Parivar

has again begun spreading its tentacles in raising issues that have

potential in widening the gap and creating tension and mistrust in the

two communities. The alleged involvement of a few local BJP men

confirms this.

It is quite clear that the BJP has its eyes concentrated upon the

ensuing assembly polls in Uttar Pradesh next year. Its main aim is how

to polarise the Hindu votes. But surprisingly, the Mulayam Singh

government doesn seem to be serious in countering the Sangh s

moves.

 2001 May 14, 2001 - ... ''We are preparing a case to file our

petition with the Directorate General of Anti-Dumping

and Allied Duties to probe dumping of locks by China

which is threatening the very fabric of our established

industry'', Vice-President of All India Lock

Manufacturers Association Vijay Kumar ...

From INDIAN LOCK INDUSTRY TO MOVE AGAINST

CHINESE IMPORTS. - Related web pages

www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286 ...

 2002 Jan 25, 2002 - "There's a very heavy bias for songs from

India ... the Malay music industry doesn't face this

situation. ... The situation with the competition from

Bollywood movie soundtracks, however, took a sharp

turn recently when Lock Up created history for the

Page 34: 36670186 Lock Industry

local Indian music scene when Ole ...

From Article: `Locking' Indian pop music to Malaysian

taste, BUSINESS TIMES - … - Related web pages

www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-49758495.html?refid ...

 2003 Jun 3, 2003 - Although this famous lock manufacturing

unit, famous in India and abroad, has closed down due

to family dispute, inept government policies and ... The

famous lock industry of Aligarh , encompassing

nearly one and a half century of long history, is today

struggling hard to compete with ...

From Locked out - Lucknow - City - The Times of India -

Related web pages

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow ...

3.

 2004 Dec 7, 2004 - The Government of India announced that

it would push for regional trade agreements (RTAs)

though it gave importance to the multilateral system.

The Minister for Commerce and Industry, Government

of India, has said that 60-70 percent of world trade

would come through RTAs in the next 10 ...

From INDIA, WTO LOCK HORNS OVER FTAs

(Government of India to push for … - Related web

pages

www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286 ...

4.

 2005 Apr 1, 2005 - This lock-in effect has hindered its

development of innovative capacity, which the

Page 35: 36670186 Lock Industry

industry must foster in order to move up in the value

chain. ... Chapter seven is a lucid and candid account of

what is missing for the further development of the IT

industry in India that ought to be ...

From India in the Global Software Industry:

Innovations, Firm Strategies and … - Related web pages

www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286 ...

5.

 2006 Jun 23, 2006 - Even after the entry of the Chinese locks

into India, they are more or less in demand in different

parts of the country. ... The annual turnover of the lock

industry in Aligarh is Rs 200 crore. Says Bua Singh,

Dirctor General Police, UP: "We will only lift the curfew

after the ...

From Aligarh Riots : Lock on the lock industry in

Aligarh - Related web pages

www.indianmuslims.info/book/export/html/1863

6.

 2007 Jan 19, 2007 - United Nations Industrial Development

Organisation (UNIDO) along with the ministry of small

scale industries, Government of India, had agreed to

implement the National Programme for the

Development of the Indian Lock Industry in 2001, with

a budget of Rs 5.52 crore spread over two ...

From China locks out Aligarh units - Related web pages

www.business-standard.com/india/news/china ...

7.

Page 36: 36670186 Lock Industry

 2008 Dec 15, 2008 - “The idea (behind talent management)

is that you lock in talent and exploit it,” said Smita Jha,

associate director of the media and ... “Bollywood and

Indian classical music dominate maybe 98% of the

music industry in India and we launched the label to

give musicians who don't play ...

From Music labels plan to float agency to promote, lock

in artistes - Related web pages

www.livemint.com/2008/12/15221823/Music-labels ...

8.

 2009 Jan 21, 2009 - New Delhi, Jan 21 (IANS) The telecom

regulator Wednesday extended the last date for

receiving the industry's views on the proposed lock-in

period on equity sale in new licence holding companies

to Jan 27. On Jan 9, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of

India (TRAI) had sought the ...

From Date for receiving telecom industry's views on

lock-in period extended - Related web pages

Page 37: 36670186 Lock Industry

Objective of report

To study the causes of the employees turnover in lack industry

To evaluate the present condition of the lock industry

To counter the problem faced by the industry.

To study the impact of lock of govt. aid and infrastructure in lock

industry.

Page 38: 36670186 Lock Industry

Findings

Lock of remuneration to employees

Low wages given to employees

The increasing rate of completion

Lack of Govt. aid given to the industry.

Page 39: 36670186 Lock Industry

Suggestions

The govt. aid should be increased to increase the structure of

wages.

A employees satisfaction should be developed into the industry

so as to decrease the ratio of employees turnover ratio

Page 40: 36670186 Lock Industry

Scope of the study

The project report deeply examines the cause and effect of the

employee’s turnover in the lock industry.

The report also deals with the study of the current condition of

the lock industry.

Page 41: 36670186 Lock Industry

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research

problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how

research is done scientifically.

When, we talk of research methodology we not only talk of the

research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods

we use in the context of the research study and explain why we are

using a particular method or technique and why we are not using

others so that research results are capable of being evaluated

either by the researcher himself or by others.

This method of data collection is quite popular in case of big

enquiries. Questionnaire is considered as the heart of the survey

operation. It is low cost even the universe is large and is widely

spread geographically. It is free from the bias of the interviewer;

answers are in respondent’s own words. It is the best method to

collect quantitative as well as qualitative data. The questionnaire

contains a set of employee’s survey report, and present service

provider. The questionnaire is prepared with the help of company

guide.

The questionnaire are provided to respondents (employees) who are

expected to read and understand the questions and write down the

reply in the space meant for the purpose in the questionnaire itself.

The respondents (employees) have to answer the questions on their

own.

ANALYSIS OF DATA

The task of data collection is very wide. Basically data is divided

into two categories-

A) Primary data

B) Secondary data

The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for

the first time, and thus happen to be original in character.

Page 42: 36670186 Lock Industry

The secondary data on the other hand, are those which have

already been collected by someone else and which have already

been passed through the statistical process.

Page 43: 36670186 Lock Industry

Questionnaire

Name:………………………………..

Address:…………………………….

Q.1 Are you satisfied with you wages in this industry?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Q.2 The increasing conditions is suitable?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Q.3 Do you want to leave for a better opportunity?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Q.4 Are you satisfied with your work?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Q.5 Do you feel to have an requirement for the development of the

industry?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Page 44: 36670186 Lock Industry

Data Analysis

Q.1 Are you satisfied with you wages in this industry?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Q.2 The increasing conditions is suitable?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Yes90%

No10%

Yes No

Yes60%

No40%

Yes No

Page 45: 36670186 Lock Industry

Q.3 Do you want to leave for a better opportunity?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Yes85%

No15%

Yes No

Page 46: 36670186 Lock Industry

Q.4 Are you satisfied with your work?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Yes70%

No30%

Yes No

Page 47: 36670186 Lock Industry

Q.5 Do you feel to have an requirement for the development of the

industry?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Yes90%

No10%

Yes No

Page 48: 36670186 Lock Industry

Bibliography

www.gogle.com

www.Aligarh lockindustry.com

www.indianlock.com

Page 49: 36670186 Lock Industry

Conclusion

The problem before the small scale producers of the lock industry

relating to the increasing rate of the labour turnover as a problematic

situation towards the industry.

The report clearly shows the condition and problem of the lock

industry.

Page 50: 36670186 Lock Industry

Limitations

Despite all possible efforts in conducting the research there were some

unavoidable situations, which limited the scope of this project. The

limitations of the project fall under the following :-

1. This research is confined to the lock industry sector of the

Aligarh

2. The study focuses mainly on the lock industry, but only a

brief on the labour welfare, problems of lock industries and its

effect upon the business.

3. The sample taken for the survey confined to a limited in

industrial area.

4. Limitation of time & resources were a major factor influencing

the research study.

5. The industrialist related with lock industry gave less time to

entertain the project, as they were busy in dealing with their job.