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DIVISION

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OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

EMERGENCYMANAGEMENT

ILLIAM P. CLEMENTS, JR.Governor

JAMES B. ADAMSDirector

ROBERT A. LANSFORDState Coordinator

Volume 33, Number 2 Texas Department of Public Safety Austin, Texas March-April, 1987

TITLE I II :Superfund ReauthorizationAct Adds Duties To State AndLocal Governments.

4TSU LIBRARY

NON-CIRCULATING 14c RDCUM. ,x2 qCT!O

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INDEXPage

DEM Update ................................. 1Title Ill ........................................... 2

Calhoun CAER Program ............................... 3Exercise photos .................................... 4

DEM Personnel.................................... 4Around The State ................................... 5'86 Disaster Aid .................................... 5Civil Defense ....................................... 6Computer Exercises Improved .......................... 6

Official PublicationDivision of Emergency ManagementTexas Department of Public Safety

WILLIAM P. CLEMENTS, JR., GOVERNOR

James B. Adams, DirectorRobert A. Lansford, State Coordinator

Robert L. Halverson, Assistant Coordinator, OperationsDouglas E. Kyle, Assistant Coordinator, Administration

Laureen T. Chernow, Editor

Published bimonthly by the Texas Department of Public Safe-ty, Austin, Texas. All copy and photographs should be ad-dressed to Digest Editor, Division of Emergency Management,Texas Department of Public Safety, P. O. Box 4087, Austin,Texas 78773-0001. Include Zip Code on all new addressesor change of address. Telephone Number (512) 465-2000,Ext. 2138. Reprinting with credit permitted.

STAFF

Richard J. Boltz....................... NCP PlannerJack D. Brummett ..................... NCP PlannerBob Burson............................... AuditorLaureen T. Chernow .......... . Public Information OfficerDon Couch........................ Operations OfficerWilliam G. Dourte, Jr .............. NCP Planning OfficerAshley C. Eledge ..................... Manager, DPIRobert W. Ewing ............. .Assistant Training OfficerDonald Freeman .................... Training OfficerSusan Froebel. ........................ NCP PlannerRobert L. Gibson .............. Hazard Mitigation OfficerTheresa Gross ..... ................. NCP PlannerSusan Hadick .............................. AuditorJohn W. Hansborough .................... NCP PlannerRobert A. Hefford ............ Resources Planning OfficerDonald L. Jones ......................... NCP PlannerCatherine V. Karkoska .................. Program OfficerEd Laundy .............. Resources Management OfficerClif Maloney................ Exercise Assistance OfficerTom Millwee .................... State Plans OfficerJames W. Roby ......................... NCP PlannerMike L. Scott .............. Energy Management OfficerKaren T. Stewart .................... NCP IllustratorRobert C. Stout .............. Exercise Assistance OfficerRobert Vaughan ...................... NCP Planner

REGIONAL LIAISON OFFICERSRonald H. Staggs. .................... Region 1 - DallasThomas E. Ryan .................. Region 2A - HoustonRon Lamoureux .................. Region 2B- BeaumontAbel Contreras, Jr............. .Region 3 - Corpus ChristiAugust G. Koenning, Jr .............. Region 4- MidlandWilliam R. Johnson. .................. Region 5 - LubbockDavid W. Barham..................... Region 6 - Waco

8- 1 4 7 MAR 2 8 1988

DEMUP DATE

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by Robert A. LansfordState Coordinator

Spring generally brings a host of scheduledand unscheduled activities for us and this yearis no exception. Not only have we experi-enced the normal severe weather incidentsand the many scheduled training activities;but the new requirements under Title Ill of theSuperfund Reauthorization Act of 1986 havecaused us a great deal of concern.

We are trying very hard at this time to catalogall of the reporting facilities as required by theAct and to see how the current CommunityAwareness and Emergency Response (CAER)programs can be expanded and built upon tomeet the requirements of the Act. Ourschedule is to identify the planning areas (ordistricts) by the middle part of July and theformation of the local communities by lateAugust.

If there is a CAER program in your area youshould start considering how the activity canfunction. The federal government was quickto implement a new requirement, yet theyhave provided no financial assistance to thestate and local governments for this activity.There has been a large burden placed upon usby the federal government and availableresources are almost nonexistent. With thehelp of private industry we will do the best wecan.

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Title III Implemented In TexasChemical release incidents such as the ones inInstitute, West Virginia and Bhopal, India, haveheightened awareness of the critical need for effectiveemergency planning in response to accidental releasesof hazardous chemicals. Both the Environmental Pro-tection Agency and the chemical industry haverecognized this need: the EPA by establishing theChemical Emergency Preparedness Program (CEPP)and the chemical industry through the CommunityAwareness and Emergency Response Program (CAER).

Last year the Superfund Amendments and Reauthoriza-tion Act of 1986 (SARA) was signed into law. SARArevises the Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA),commonly known as "Superfund." Title Ill (EmergencyPlanning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986)of SARA includes provisions related to emergency plan-ning, notification, and reporting requirements. Entitiesthat manufacture or store certain amounts of hazard-ous chemical as detailed in the April 22, 1987, FederalRegister, are affected by the new requirements. Stateand local government were given additional dutiesunder the law as well:

As required by the federal law, Governor William P.Clements, Jr., established the State EmergencyResponse Commission, giving those responsibilities tothe already-existing State Emergency ManagementCouncil. By May 17, 1987, facilities subject to TitleIll's Section 302 had to notify the SERC of their com-pany name, headquarters address, company contactand phone number, as well as the facility coordinator

and location of each facilitystores the chemicals.

that manufactures or

The SERC will designate emergency planning districtswithin Texas by July 17, and by August 17 will appointlocal emergency planning committees to coordinateand provide technical expertise in planning responsesto emergency releases of hazardous chemicals. TheFederal Register sets forth guidelines for appointmentsto the local committee. Each planning committee mustprepare an emergency plan within two years of beingestablished, and must review that plan at least once ayear.

By September 17, each facility subject to Title IlIl mustnotify the local planning committee of the FacilityEmergency Coordinator who will work with and pro-vide information to the local committee.

By October 17, each facility must submit a list of thechemicals to the SERC, local committee, and local firedepartment.

Facilities are required to provide immediate notice ofthe release of a hazardous substance to the local plan-ning committee and the SERC. Facilities should con-tinue to notify the state agencies they have traditionallynotified to meet this requirement at the state level.

Additional information about reporting procedures willbe available through the Digest and the Texas Register.EPA's Title IlIl hotline number for answers to specificquestions is 1-800-535-0202.

Title III Videoconference SetThe EPA will present a national teleconference onTitle III June 25. DEM will present theteleconference live as well as tape it. Those in-terested in attending should contact DEM at512-465-2138 (space is limited). To receive atape of the conference, please send a blankT1 20 1 /2" VHS tape to the Division. For those in-terested in setting up a downlink site, theteleconference can be viewed on one of two sta-tions:

Spacenet 1, transponder channel 12, location120 degrees W longitude, downlink frequencyhorizontal 41 60 MHz, audio sideband 6.2 or 6.8MHz; or transponder channel 12, downlink fre-quency horizontal 12140 MHz (other specifica-tions remain the same). Contact the EPA at214-655-2270 for more information.

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Calhoun County CAER ProgramHonored By CMAThe Calhoun County CAER (Community Awarenessand Emergency Response) Program was recentlyrecognized by the Chemical Manufacturers Association(CMA) for its outstanding efforts in improving the com-munity's emergency response capabilities.

County Emergency Management Coordinator W.R."Billy" Zwerschke was presented with a Level II plaqueat an awards banquet April 23 in Port Lavaca. DEMState Coordinator Robert Lansford was the guestspeaker, choosing "The Community and EmergencyManagement" as his topic.

The Level II rating is the CMA's highest for local pro-grams. Calhoun County's CAER program is the first in

Texas and the fifth in the country to achieve the rating.

Calhoun County began their CAER program in July,

1985.

The CAER program is designed to provide information

about local chemical operations to communities and to

help them prepare for industrial or transportation ac-

cidents, natural disasters, and other emergency situa-

tions. Included on the committee are representativesfrom governmental agencies such as emergencymanagement, law enforcement, fire department, EMS,

and hospital, as well as industrial facilities such as

Alcoa, Airco Carbon, Formosa Plastics Corp., GAF

Corp., Standard Oil, and Union Carbide.

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John Holtzman (right), vice president for communication for the Chemical Manufac-turers Association, presents Calhoun County Emergency Management Coordinator BillyZwerschke with a plaque for achievement in community awareness and planning.

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The City of Abilene conducted a full-scale exericse March 20. The scenario included amid-air airplane collision.

DEM PersonnelClif Maloney is the new Exercise Assistance Officer for DEM. Clif was formerly with the Texas Employment Com-

mission for 12 years, where he was involved in staff education and was the agency's representative on the

Emergency Management Council. Toni Fiero is the new secretary for Population Protection Planning. She has an

Associate's Degree in Journalism from Tyler Junior College and previously worked in several different areas atDPS. Patrice Kennemer is the new part-time secretary for PPP. She previously worked for State Farm Insurance, theSecretary of State's Office, and the Texas Department of Parks and Wildlife. Dana Wolbrueck is DEM Training Of-fice's new fulltime secretary, replacing Letitia Moncivais who left to concentrate on a career in court reporting.

Dana has worked as an accounting clerk and as a program assistant with the Agricultural Stabilization and Conser-vation Service.

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The City of Seminole recentlyheld a functional exercise witha scenario that includeddamage from tornadoes, rainand hail, as well as a hydrogensulfide gas leak. Thirty-fivecity, county, state andvolunteer representatives par-ticipated.

Around The StateThe Federal Emergency Management Agency is nowoffering a home study course entitled "PreparednessPlanning in a Nuclear Crisis." The course providesgeneral information on the effects of nuclear weapons,evacuation and sheltering, preparation and stocking offallout shelters, and development of emergency plansto improve the chance of survival for you and yourfamily. For more information contact the DEM TrainingOffice at 512-465-2196.

The City of Baytown conducted its 1 6th annual masscasualty exercise that included nearly 60 differentorganizations and some 650 participants. The scenariofor Medex-87 was the aftermath of "Hurricane Zilch,'a hurricane exercise conducted by Baytown on April10. Tornadoes and ammonia gas were only two of theproblems dealt with in the scenario.

Tom Watson, City of Gainsville Emergency Manage-ment Coordinator, has produced a 1-1/2 hour video onsevere weather in cooperation with the Fort Worth Na-

tional Weather Service Office. The video will be broad-cast over the local cable access station. It includes in-formation on cloud formation, tornadoes, and safetyprecautions.

"All it takes is a video camera, tripod, film, and peoplewilling to appear on camera," Watson said of his ac-complishment. He added that it cost about $5 for avideo tape to make the film, plus the time of a few peo-ple. He used video equipment owned jointly by the fireand emergency management office.

Watson is also working with the local cable company toestablish a live capability from the emergency manage-ment office during emergency situations. Still in theworking state, the tentative plans call for informationto be broadcast live in English, Spanish and AmericanSign Language.

New Executive Order WPC-87-6a has been issued asthe authority for the State Emergency ManagementCouncil. The order repeals MW-1 2.

'86 Federal Disaster AidTops Half-Billion MarkFederal aid to individuals and local governmentsdamaged by natural disasters in 1986 exceeded a half-billion dollars, according to the Federal EmergencyManagement Agency (FEMA).

The agency, in a year-end report, said President Reaganordered federal aid be made available in the wake of 28major disasters which hit in 20 states, two com-monwealths and a Pacific Ocean protectorate duringthe year.

According to the agency, federal obligations will total

$ 540.7 million when all approved recovery projects arecompleted. More than $ 270 million had been disbursedby FEMA and other federal agencies by year's end.

From the standpoint of the devastation and recoverycosts for disastrous incidents during 1985, 1986 wasa relatively light year, FEMA said. During 1985, therewere approximately the same number of declarationsbut recovery costs were about $1.5 billion.

FEMA Director Julius W. Becton, Jr., said much of the1985 costs results from five hurricanes which struckthe Gulf Coast and Atlantic states. No hurricanes hitthe mainland during 1986 although two typhoonsdamaged national interests in the Pacific Ocean.

While the number of natural disasters requiring federalassistance approximated that of 1985, most were lesssevere from the cost standpoint as those declared theprevious year.

As is usually the case, the greatest number of disastersin 1986 resulted from flooding. Seventeen flooding

situations requiring presidential action resulted inclaims payments of more than $52 million from theFederal Insurance Administration's flood insurance pro-gram.

Figures released by FEMA show that three of the 28declarations in 1986 -- mudslides in California andflooding in Michigan and Missouri -- accounted formore than 70 percent of the total federal obligation.

The agency projects that final recovery from theFebruary mudslides will require almost $270 million infederal outlays. The Michigan floods will require morethan $75 million while recovery in Missouri is expectedto exceed $46 million.

Washington state led the nation with four declarations,followed by two each in Montana, Texas, Wisconsinand Alaska. Other declarations were approved for

California, Nevada, Utah, South Dakota, Pennsylvania,Indiana, Puerto Rico, New Hampshire, Maryland,Michigan, Illinois, Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, theFederated States of Micronesia and the Com-monwealth of Northern Mariana Islands.

Aside from flooding, the most common type of disastereach year, landslides and snowmelt resulted in fourdeclarations, typhoons accounted for two, torandoesfor three and coastal storms and wave action, one.

Federal supplemental recovery assistance may includelow interest recovery loans to individuals andbusinesses, grants, temporary housing, agriculture aid,funds to repair damaged public property and otherforms of aid.

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Civil Defense:This is the 14th in a series of articles on CivilDefense inthe United States. The "FEMA Attack EnvironmentManual," available from the Federal EmergencyManagement Agency, is the source for much of the in-formation.

The Soviets have relied heavily on their land-basedmissiles in building up their strategic nuclear strikeforces. As a result, ICBMs account for over half theirdelivery vehicle total and about three-quarters of theSoviet warhead and yield totals. Modifications of eachof the newest Soviet ICBMs -- the SS-1 7, SS-1 8, andSS-19 - carry 4, 10, and 6 warheads (MIRVs) respec-tively. The newest Soviet missile submarine carriesmissiles with 9 MIRVs, each with an estimated yield of200 kilotons. Furthermore, it is expected that the nextgeneration of ICBMs and SLBMs deployed by theSoviets also will be MIRVed.

The total yield of the warheads in a MIRVed ICBM isconsiderably less than would be the yield of thatweapon if its throw weight had been committed to asingle warhead. The geometry of the situation suggeststhat a 3-warhead missile will have only 60 percent ofthe single warhead yield and this divided equally amongthe three warheads. The total yield of a 20-warheadmissile would be only one-third that of a single-warhead version. However, the damaging effects ofexplosions scale only as the cube root of the explosiveyield. As a result, the total area of physical damagecaused by a MIRVed missile is much the same as that

A caused by the single-warhead version. What is gained

The MIRV Story

is a greater flexibility in attacking specific targets.

Planners should be aware that the trend toward largernumbers of smaller-yield weapons has the followingimplications:

(1) More than one weapon may be launched to ensurethat a target is destroyed if the destruction of thattarget is vitally essential to the strategic objective ofthe attack.

(2) The larger number of warheads suggests that morelocalities may experience the direct effects of nuclearweapons (blast, fire, and initial nuclear radiation) than iffewer large weapons existed.

(3) The smaller weapon yield suggests that less of thesurrounding population will suffer injury and deathwhen specific military or industrial facilities are attack-ed.

(4) Some attack effects, such as initial nuclear radia-tion, become more important to nuclear defense plan-ning when small-yield weapons are used.

The overall fallout threat decreases when multiplewarheads are used on missiles. Also, as weapon size isreduced, the distance to which fallout is carried by thewinds is reduced.

)MIRV stands for Multiple Independently-targetableRe-entry Vehicle.

DEM Training SectionImproves Exercise Scenarios

The Training Section of DEM has developed a revisionof FEMA's Computer-Generated Exercise ScenarioPackage.

The original computer package had created many prob-lems among states and local jurisdictions who attempt-ed to use it. DEM Exercise Assistance Officer BobStout, who was the project manager, contacted everystate in an effort to identify the inherent problems inthe original package. The new package addressedthese defects and produced a much more user-friendlyproduct.

The package has been completed and was distributedto each state and region at the Exercise Assistance Of-

ficer's Conference held recently at EMI. The responseto the new material was very positive.

The new package has the following scenarios:

Nuclear Power PlantNuclear AttackFloodHAZMAT HighwayHAZMAT Railroad

Winter StormMass CasualtyHurricaneTornado

The package is now available to those jurisdictions whohave completed the Exercise Design Course. Thejurisdiction also must have access to an IBM compati-ble computer. Contact Bob Stout at 512/465-2039for details.

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