35 zuzy anna fisherwomen in face of uncertainty

7/29/2019 35 Zuzy Anna Fisherwomen in Face of Uncertainty

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ZuzyZuzy AnnaAnna

FacultyofFisheriesandMarineScience,FacultyofFisheriesandMarineScience,PadjadjaranPadjadjaran University,IndonesiaUniversity,[email protected]@gmail.com


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ClimateChange AnthropogenicFactors

Decliningfisheriesproduction

Uncertaintiesinlivelihoodsmall

scalefishers

A ectcoasta

communities

severelysociallyandeconomically

Povertyin

Coastal

Communities


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The Study ..The Study .. Explore gender dimension of fishing activities and the

role of fisherwomen to cope with uncertainties in familyve oo

Analyze uncertainties and the degree of women

Fisheries technique.


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Gender Dimension in Fishing activitiesGender Dimension in Fishing activities

n or oas o en ra avan or oas o en ra ava

Backup

Fishing FishLanding FishSelling NonFishing

Gearandequipment

Sortingandselectionof

fishtypesMarketto

specificproduct Supportingeconomic

WomenaretheWomen Womenselectfishtobesold Womenaretheplayerofthe

market

necessitiesto

fishing

andprocessedfordifferent

purposes

mainplayerforthisactivities


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CentralJava JavaSea 30.00l)

FishingProductivity

0.00

10.00

20.00

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

uctivity(ton/vess

350000

GearProd Year

Payang driftgillnet Setgillnet

100000

150000

200000

250000

Fish

Landing(ton)

0

19981999200020012002200320042005

Year

IndianOceanRegencyCity


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Semarang

City

Frequency/year Time (hours) Scale (m) Impact Mitigation

> < > ,

Tugu Sub District

Flood 53% 6%-

35

%

12

%

53

% 29% 59%

35

%-

18

%

12

%

94

% - 41% 53% 59%-

- -41 71 29

-12 12 71 12

-

Erossion-

7% -

12

%

71

%

88

% 6% 6% 100% 53%-

Wave 29% - 24%

18

% 6%

47

% 18% - 6%

71

% 6%

76

%

53

% 6% 6% 35% 47% -

Drought 6% 6% 18% 6%- -

41%- - - -

% %-

18%-

35%-

North Semarang Sub District

Rob- - -

100

%-

73

% 27% 100%- -

33

%-

27

%

33

% 87% 47% 7%-

Erossion 12% - % - - 7% 7% - 7% 7% -

West Semarang Sub DIstr ict

Rob 9%- - - -

4% 7%- -

14

%

50

% 7% 2%- -

7% --

Erossion-

% % 7%- -

%- - - -

Note:a=health,b=agriculture,c=fisheries,d=settlement,e=infrastructure, x=protection,y=accomodation,z=relocationSources:Disaptono etall,2009


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PekalonganFrequency/year Time (hours) Scale (m) Impact Mitigation

-Regency

1 2 3 >4 24 < 0,5

,

1 > 1 a b c d e x y z

Wonokerto Sub District

Flood 38% 6%

13

%

13

%-

38

% 31% 56% 6% - 59% 12% 12% 29% 41%

29

%

47

%-

Rob-

25%-

56

% 6%

69

%-

44%-

6% 53% 12% 12% 18% 41%

35

%

18

%-

Erossion- -

44% 6% 29% 24% 12% 6%

35

% --

Wave 6% 13%-

6% 6% % 6%-

6% 13% 12% 12% 18% 12% 6% % %-

Drought 19%-

6%- - -

25%- - - -

29% 12%- - - 29

%-

Flood 67% 28%

11

%- -

22

% 83%

100

%- -

39% 83% 67% 56% 11%

94

%- -

Rob 39% 50%

11

%- -

61

% 39% 89% 11%-

44% 89% 61% 56% 6%

94

%-

11

%

Note: a=health, b=agriculture, c=fisheries, d=settlement,

e=infrastructure, x=protection, y=accomodation, z=relocationi

Sources:Disaptono etall,2009


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nc u es respon ent, v e n two groupsfrom two coastal cities, Semarang and Pekalongan

st

GT, 2nd group is the wives of non fishermen, but

engaged in traditional fishery related activity. Husbands of second group include,ojek (motor

taxi driver) trader at local market, workers in

and other non formal jobs, including unemployee

Ages of respondent are between 30-50 years old.


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4%

10%22%18%

46%

9%

26%

15%

6%

22%

workhours S leep Hou sework chi ldcare Religiusaffair Leisure13%

workh ou rs S leep Hou sework chi ldcare Religiusaffair Leisure

21%

8%

23%

50%

6%

10%

4%9%

24%

12%

12%

workhours S leep Hou sework chi ldcare Religiusaffair Leisure

21%

workh ou rs Sleep Housework chi ldcare Religiusaffair Leisure

Note:FW1LS=Group1Lowseason FW1HS=Group1Highseason

FW2LS=Group2Low

season

FW2HS=Group

2High

season


10/20

roup omen s

Income (WI )(US Dollars)

us an s

Income (HI)(US Dollars)

o a

Expenditure(TE)(US Dollars)

a o

WI to HI

a o

WI to TE

a o

HI to TE

. . . .

FW1SLS 75 83 127.5 0.90 0.59 0.65

FW2SHS 120 180 300 0.67 0.40 0.60. . .

FW1PHS 62 148 250 0.42 0.25 0.59

FW1PLS 70 102 170 0.69 0.41 0.60

. . .

FW2PLS 89 150 216 0.59 0.41 0.69

*income/month


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Step in Rapid AppraisalStep in Rapid Appraisal

or en er uncer a n esor en er uncer a n es

DevelopIndicatorof

Ecolo Econom Social Institutional

degreeofseverity

Software

Calculatetheleveragelevel


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Dimension Indicators of Gender Uncertainty

Ecological High frequency of floodSeasonal factor/tideCoastal erosionpollutionStock availability

Impact of drought

Coastal degradation

Economic Volatily in husbands incomeVolatil inwomen own

Aceesibility to resourcesProduction volatility/input volatilityVolatility in priceVolatility in input prices

Volatility in market

Husbands incomeCrimeryFamily instability

Unemployment of family memberHealth condition

Conflict status

Institutional Uncertainties in government supportWomen participation

Dependency in local financierDepedencyin credit and savingDependency in social network

Dependency on other family member to

supportParticipation in local organization

Uncertainty in cost of children education


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80

Ecology

40

5060

70

Gender Group Ecology EconomicsSocial Institution

0

10

20

30

EconomicsInstitution

FW1S

FW2S

FW1P

FW1S 28.29 14.99 19.31 52.48

FW2S 33.38 39.43 39.79 47.01

FW2P

. . . .

FW2P 49.03 51.75 49.51 55.26

Social


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LeverageofAttributes

Accesabilitytoresource

volatilityin

input

princes

Volatilityin

price

volatilityinmarket

tribu

te

volatilityinwomenownincome

Productionvolatility

At

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

volatilityinhusband'sincome

oo ean quare ange n r na o nw en e ec e r u e emove on us a na ysca e o


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Leverage of Attributes

conflict status

unemployment

health condition

ribute

crimery

family instabilityAtt

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

instability in localpolitics

(on Sustainabil ity scale 0 to 100)


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Uncertaintyinchildreneducation

LeverageofAttributes

membertosupportDependency onsocialnetworkDe endenc oncreditandsaving

Dependency inlocalfinancier

Women artici ation

Uncertaintiesingpvernmentsupport


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InternalFamilylivelihood(asamanageroffamilylivelihood,) ExternalForces:ecologicaldisturcances, Uncertainty in

husbandsproductivity,familyns a y,poorgovernmen

assistanceArisan

Directselling fishorfishproduct

Borrowandlendingmoney

from neighbour, hardto

makeand

meet

mechanism

kiosk/coastalcaf(kedai

pesisir).

Workas

apicker

jasmine

GotopawnShopto

obtaincashtobuybasic

need

Maximized labor famil member art

flowersatjasmineplant

Workasaworkeratfish

orshrimpponds

harvestin

time

housemaid

Beingthrifty:

spendlesson

Bycatch

collectors

Traditionalmassagers

Lifegoesonbuzzword

oo ,c ot ngan

leisure.


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Fisherwomen are able to cope with both fishing andnon-fishing uncertainties using different strategies

This stud shows that usin modified ra fishtechnique, we are able to identify the degree ofuncertainty as well as identify variables which aresensitive to womens role in economic and socialactivities

These variables could be used as policy guidelines to

improve fisheries management in developingcountries

Government must pay attention to womens rolewhen they develop fisheries program since they are

capable of sustaining livelihood under the presenceof uncertainties

Women in coastal areas must be given the sameopportunities to develop their business skill and

credit schemes, as well empowerment program


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35 zuzy anna fisherwomen in face of uncertainty

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