3429 how to transform your messaging environment to a secure messaging environment

How to transform your messaging environment to a secure messaging environment.Robert Parker – [email protected] Hursley – UK

Introduction

• Aims of this presentation– Step by step of each security feature in MQ– Will take an unsecured Queue Manager and secure it– At the end we will have a secured Queue Manager

• Each security feature section will have:– What is it and Why do you use it– Main points of the feature– How to configure it.

Available Security Features

• Connection Authentication• Authorization• Channel Authentication• SSL/TLS• Security Exits• AMS

Security provided on Client to Queue Manager connections

Channel Authentication(BLOCKADDR)

SSL/TLS

Channel Authentication(ADDR/USER/SSL Map)

Security Exit

Connection Authentication

Channel Authentication(BLOCKUSER)

Authorization

MQRC_NONE

MQRC_NOT_AUTHORIZED

Or

Security provided on Queue Manager to Queue Manager connections

Channel Authentication(BLOCKADDR)

SSL/TLS

Channel Authentication(ADDR/QMGR/SSL Map)

Security Exit

Authorization

MQ Protocol

The Example Set-up

INTERCONNECT

Client.Data.Q

Client.Connections

• Queue Manager• Channel Type(SVRCONN)• Local Queue

• Channel Authentication – Disabled• Connection Authentication – Disabled• MQ Administrator set on Channel MCA• No Security Exit• SSL/TLS not configured• AMS not configured

Connection Authentication

Connection Authentication – What is it?

• Authentication is used to force clients to identify themselves.

• It is usually used in combination with authorization.

• Connection authentication was added as a feature of MQ in version 8.

*****

Connection Authentication – Main Points

• MQ allows you to specify levels of security for connections– Client and local can be set to different levels– Different client connections can have different levels using Channel

Authentication records.

• Also allows two different user repositories to check supplied credentials against– Operating system OAM.– LDAP Server

*****

Connection Authentication – How to configure it

CHCK…NONE

OPTIONAL

REQUIRED

REQDADM

MQCONNX

Application (User4)

MQCONNX

Application (User2)

QMGRINTERCONNECT

Network

Communications

Inter process Communications

DEFINE AUTHINFO(USE.PW) AUTHTYPE(xxxxxx) CHCKLOCL(OPTIONAL) CHCKCLNT(REQUIRED)ADOPTCTX(NO)

ALTER QMGR CONNAUTH(USE.PW)

REFRESH SECURITY TYPE(CONNAUTH)

MQRC_NOT_AUTHORIZED (2035)

MQRC_NONE (0)

UserRepository

Application (User4)


DEFINE AUTHINFO(USE.OS) AUTHTYPE(IDPWOS)

DEFINE AUTHINFO(USE.LDAP) AUTHTYPE(IDPWLDAP) CONNAME(‘ldap1(389),ldap2(389)’) LDAPUSER(‘CN=QMGR1’) LDAPPWD(‘passw0rd’) SECCOMM(YES)

MQCONNXUser1 + pwd1

Application (User2)

QMGRINTERCONNECT

O/S UserRepository(z/OS + Dist)

Network

Communicatio

ns LDAP Server (Dist only)


DEFINE AUTHINFO(USE.PW) AUTHTYPE(xxxxxx) CHCKCLNT(OPTIONAL)

SET CHLAUTH(‘*’) TYPE(ADDRESSMAP) ADDRESS(‘*’) USERSRC(CHANNEL) CHCKCLNT(REQUIRED)ADOPTCTX(NO)

SET CHLAUTH(‘*’) TYPE(SSLPEERMAP) SSLPEER(‘CN=*’) USERSRC(CHANNEL) CHCKCLNT(ASQMGR)

CHCKCLNTASQMGR

REQUIRED

REQDADM

QMgrUser's Digital

Certificate

CA SigMQCONNXUser1 + pwd1

Application (User2)

MQRC_NONE (0)

SSL/TLS Network Communications

MQCONNXUser3 + pwd3

Application (User4)

Clear Network

Communications

MQRC_NOT_AUTHORIZED (2035)


MQCNO cno = {MQCNO_DEFAULT};

cno.Version = MQCNO_VERSION_5;

cno.SecurityParmsPtr = &csp;

MQCONNX(QMName, &cno, &hConn, &CompCode, &Reason);

MQCSP csp = {MQCSP_DEFAULT};

csp.AuthenticationType = MQCSP_AUTH_USER_ID_AND_PWD;csp.CSPUserIdPtr = "hughson"; csp.CSPUserIdLength = 7; /* Max: MQ_CLIENT_USER_ID_LENGTH */csp.CSPPasswordPtr = "passw0rd";csp.CSPPasswordLength = 8; /* Max: MQ_CSP_PASSWORD_LENGTH */

• Procedural MQI changes:• MQCSP structure

– Connection Security Parameters– User ID and password

• MQCNO structure– Connection Options


• Object Oriented MQ classes changes

• JMS/XMS classes changes

MQEnvironment.properties = new Hashtable();MQEnvironment.userID = "hughson";MQEnvironment.password ="passw0rd";

System.out.println("Connecting to queue manager");MQQueueManager qMgr = new MQQueueManager(QMName);

cf = getCF();

System.out.println("Creating the Connection with UID and Password");Connection conn = cf.createConnection("hughson", "passw0rd");

Authorization

Authorization – What is it?

• Authorization is used to limit what connected applications can do.

• Authority can be given on a per group basis– Windows allows per user

• Authority to perform an action is given. – By default a user/group will not have any authority

• Best practice is to only grant minimum required authority

Authorization – Main points

• Each object in MQ can have separate authorities for each user/group– Additionally you can also supply a generic object name

• MQ supplies 5 tools to view and modify authority records– MQ Explorer

• Display, create and alter authority records for all objects

– runmqsc• Display, create & Alter Authority records for all objects

– setmqaut• Create & Alter authority records for requested objects

– dspmqaut• Displays authority records for requested objects

– dmpmqaut• Outputs authority records for requested objects, output can be inputted into QMGR.

• What user/group is used for the authority check depends on what happens before…

Authorization – Main points

Method NotesClient machine user ID flowed to server

This will be over-ridden by anything else. Rarely do you want to trust an unauthenticated client side user ID.

MCAUSER set on SVRCONN channel definition

A handy trick to ensure that the client flowed ID is never used is to define the MCAUSER as ‘rubbish’ and then anything that is not set appropriately by one of the next methods cannot connect.

MCAUSER set by ADOPTCTX(YES) The queue manager wide setting to adopt the password authenticated user ID as the MCAUSER will over-ride either of the above.

MCAUSER set by CHLAUTH rule To allow more granular control of MCAUSER setting, rather than relying on the above queue manager wide setting, you can of course use CHLAUTH rules

MCAUSER set by Security Exit Although CHLAUTH gets the final say on whether a connection is blocked (security exit not called in that case), the security exit does get called with the MCAUSER CHLAUTH has decided upon, and can change it.

Authorization – How to configure it

• Example 1: Granting clients the ability to read to the Queue – Here we will give the group “readers” authority to connect– In a command prompt

• Queue Manager to create authority record for• Object type you are creating authority record for• Group to give authority to• Authorities

– + will grant authority– - will remove authority

Setmqaut –m INTERCONNECT –t qmgr –g readers +connect

Authorization – How to configure it

• Example 1: Granting clients the ability to read to the Queue – Here we will give the group “readers” GET and BROWSE authority– In runmqsc.

• Object to grant authorities for• Object type• Group to grant authority• Authority to add

SET AUTHREC PROFILE(CLIENT.DATA.Q) OBJTYPE(QUEUE) +GROUP(‘readers’) AUTHADD(GET) AUTHADD(BROWSE)

Channel Authentication Records

Channel Authentication – What is it?

• Allows Granular control over connections– Can Supply a whitelist or blacklist to block or allow connections

• Can filter on:– SSL distinguished name (both issuer and subject)– Client user ID – Remote Queue Manager name– IP/Hostname

• Blocking at channel (ADDRESSMAP) or listener (BLOCKADDR) level

• Values used in filters can be specific or generic

Channel Authentication – Main Points

• Specific rules have higher precedence than generic rules– 1) Addressmap blocking ‘*’

2) Addressmap allowing ‘127.0.0.1’– Any connections from 127.0.0.1 will be allowed by (2). – Other connections blocked by (1)

• When creating Channel Authentication rule you can set it to use a different User ID for future Authority checks:1. NOACCESS – Blocks the connection regardless2. CHANNEL – Use the User ID specified in Channel MCA

• If this is blank then we use the userid supplied by application

3. MAP – Use the User ID specified in this rule.

Channel Authentication – How to configure it.

• Example 1: Blacklisting bad connections– Aim: Block connections from 129.1.198.X

• In Rumqsc:

• Channel name• Rule type• Address to match to• Action• Warn

SET CHLAUTH(‘CLIENT.CONNECTIONS’) TYPE(ADDRESSMAP) +ADDRESS(‘129.1.198.*’) USERSRC(NOACCESS) WARN(NO)


• Example 2: Whitelisting good connections– Aim: Block connections all connections except from 129.198.1.7

• In Rumqsc:

SET CHLAUTH(‘CLIENT.CONNECTIONS’) TYPE(ADDRESSMAP) +ADDRESS(‘*’) USERSRC(NOACCESS) WARN(NO)SET CHLAUTH(‘CLIENT.CONNECTIONS’) TYPE(ADDRESSMAP) +ADDRESS(‘129.198.1.7’) USERSRC(CHANNEL)


• In MQ Explorer:

SSL/TLS

SSL/TLS – What is it?

• SSL/TLS is used for two reasons in MQ:– Authentication with a Queue Manager– Encrypting and protecting data in transit between a client or Queue Manager

and destination Queue Manager.

• Uses a certificate containing a public-private key pair in order to establish a secure link.– Called an SSL Handshake.

• During the SSL Handshake, asymmetric encryption is used.– Once the handshake is completed symmetric encryption is used to transfer

data.

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SSL/TLS – Main Points

• Channels are enabled for SSL/TLS by setting a CipherSpec.– Only one CipherSpec can be used on a channel.

• A server Queue Manager must have a certificate• A client application (or client Queue Manager) does not require a

certificate.– But does require a copy of the server Queue Manager’s public certificate.

• As of MQ v8 a channel can use a different certificate than the Queue Manager it is defined on.

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SSL/TLS – Main Points

• MQ Supplies 3 tools for your certificate and key repository management needs:– strmqikm (or IBM Key Management)

• IBM JRE GUI tool for managing certificates

– runmqckm• command line tool to manage certificates – can handle JKCS repositories

– runmqakm• Command line tool to manage certificates – can handle Elliptic Curve certificates

• Default location for Queue Manager Key Repository is – <MQ Data Root>/qmgrs/<QM Name>/ssl/key.kdb

• Can be changed using Queue Manager SSLKEYR attribute

• Default certificate used by the Queue Manager is– Ibmwebspheremq<qmname>

• Can be changed in MQ v8+ using Queue Manager CERTLABL attribute

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SSL/TLS – How to configure it

• Example 1: Setting up a Queue Manager to use SSL/TLS• First create the Key Repository the Queue Manager will use:

– In a command prompt:

• What we are altering• Action to perform• Name and location of key repository to create • Password to access the key repository• Tells runmqakm to stash the password which is used by MQ.

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runmqakm –keydb –create –db /var/mqm/qmgrs/INTERCONNECT/ssl/key.kdb –pw passw0rd -stash


• Example 1: Setting up a Queue Manager to use SSL/TLS• Next create the Queue Manager’s certificate

– In a command prompt

• What we are altering• The action to perform• Where to store the certificate• Tells runmqakm to use the stash file to access the key repository• The distinguished name to give the certificate• The label to refer to the certificate

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runmqakm –cert –create –db /var/mqm/qmgrs/INTERCONNECT/ssl/key.kdb –stashed –dn “CN=INTERCONNECT,OU=MQ,O=IBM,C=UK” –label ibmwebspheremqinterconnect


• Example 1: Setting up a Queue Manager to use SSL/TLS• Next set the Queue Manager to use Key Repository

– Unless you are using defaults– In runmqsc

• Location of the key repository to use– No file extension!

• Label of certificate to use

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ALTER QMGR SSLKEYR(‘/var/mqm/qmgrs/INTERCONNECT/ssl/key’) +CERTLABL(‘ibmwebspheremqinterconnect’)


• Example 1: Setting up a Queue Manager to use SSL/TLS• Finally set a channel to use SSL

– In runmqsc

• Channel name• Whether to use mutual authentication• The CipherSpec to use on this channel

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ALTER CHANNEL(‘CLIENT.CONNECTIONS’) SSLCAUTH(REQUIRED) +SSLCIPH(TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256)


• Example 1: Client application changes• MQSCO structure

– SSL Security Parameters– Location of Key Repository– Certificate label to use (MQ v8 Only)

• MQCNO structure– Connection Options

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MQCNO cno = {MQCNO_DEFAULT};

cno.Version = MQCNO_VERSION_4;

cno.SSLConfigPtr = &sco;

MQCONNX(QMName, &cno, &hConn, &CompCode, &Reason);

MQSCO sco = {MQSCO_DEFAULT};

sco.version = MQSCO_VERSION_5sco.KeyRepository = “/var/client/clientkeyr”;Sco.CertificateLabel = “clientcertificate”


• Example 1: Client application• Alternatively if you cannot adjust your application

– In command prompt

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EXPORT MQSSLKEYR=var/client/clientkeyrEXPORT MQCERTLABL=clientcertificate


• Example 1: Client application– Ensure the certificate trust chain is complete on each side

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ibmwebspheremqinterconnect

Queue Manager KeystoreClient Keystore

runmqakm –cert –extract –db /var/mqm/qmgrs/INTERCONNECT/ssl/key.kdb –stashed –label ibmwebspheremqinterconnect –file /var/certs/qmgr.cer

Qmgr.cer


• Example 1: Client application– Ensure the certificate trust chain is complete on each side

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runmqakm –cert –add –db /var/client/clientkeyr.kdb –stashed –label qmgrsignercert –file /var/certs/qmgr.cer

Qmgr.cerqmgrsignercert


• Example 1: Client application (Mutual Authentication)– Ensure the certificate trust chain is complete on each side

*iu9a906as%7A90#][Ad 0



client.cerqmgrsignercert

clientcertificate

clientsignercert

runmqakm –cert –extract –db /var/client/clientkeyr.kdb –stashed –label clientcertificate –file /var/certs/client.cer

runmqakm –cert –add –db /var/mqm/qmgrs/INTERCONNECT/ssl/key.kdb –stashed –label clientsignercert –file /var/certs/client.cer

Security Exits

Security Exits – What is it?

• Security exits are bespoke, customer created exists that are ran during the security checks.

• MQ contains an API used in the security exits to extract information about an incoming connection.– This information can then be used in the security exit to determine whether

to allow or disallow a connection.

• Prior to MQ v8 a security exit was used in MVS to supply connection authentication capabilities– CSQ4BCX3

Security Exits – Main Points

• Security exits are stored in <MQ Data Root>/exits/<Installation name>– MQ will look in this folder when an exit is attached to a channel

• Exits are referenced in SCYEXIT channel attribute– Without the file suffix or location

• As well as security exits there are also:– Receive exits – RCVEXIT– Send exits – SENDEXIT

• For each exit you can also supply custom data to pass to the exit using the channel’s ***DATA attribute– For example Security exit data using SCYDATA

Security Exits – How to Configure it

• First write a C Application with the following skeleton code:void MQENTRY MQStart() {;} void MQENTRY EntryPoint (PMQVOID pChannelExitParms, PMQVOID pChannelDefinition, PMQLONG pDataLength,

PMQLONG pAgentBufferLength,

PMQVOID pAgentBuffer, PMQLONG

pExitBufferLength, PMQPTR pExitBufferAddr)

{ PMQCXP pParms = (PMQCXP)pChannelExitParms; PMQCD pChDef = (PMQCD)pChannelDefinition; /* TODO: Add Security Exit Code Here */ }


• Next compile and link the exit as a Dynamic library and place in:– <MQ Data Root>/exits/<Installation name>


• Next specify the exit on the channel:– In runmqsc

• Channel name• Name of security exit to run

– Without location or file extension• Custom data to pass to the security exit

ALTER CHANNEL(‘CLIENT.CONNECTIONS’) SCYEXIT(‘mqccred’) +SCYDATA(‘sec exit data’)

Advanced Messaging Security

AMS – What is it?

• AMS provides a higher level of protection to messages

• Has two levels of protection - policies– Integrity protection

• Prevents messages from being tampered with.• Guarantees message has been received from known source

– Integrity and privacy protection• Same benefits as Integrity protection• Also provides encryption to prevent unauthorised recipients seeing message

• AMS does not perform access control but simply provides privacy and integrity to messages.

• Messages are protected using certificates that each signer and recipient will need.– Depending on level of protection

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AMS – Main points

• It is an end-to-end security model– Messages are protected from creation until destruction

• Messages can be protected so that only authorised users can see message data– This means even MQ Administrators cannot view a message.

• Messages are protected both in transit and at rest– Satisfies the standards compliance for certain data types (HIPAA, PCI, etc)

• AMS is incorporated into MQ Client applications without the need for re-building applications – No code changes are necessary!

• Message size will increase in order to incorporate AMS format– New message size = 1280 + [Old Message Length] + (200 x [# of recipients])

!*5

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AMS – Main points

• Unlike SSL, it requires the FULL trust chain– Subject certificate, signer certificate, signer’s signer certificate, etc

• MQ has three tools for defining and managing policies– MQ Explorer

• Define, display, delete policies

– setmqspl• define, delete policies

– dspmqspl• Display policies

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AMS – How to configure it

• Example 1: Configuring MQ to protect messages– In a command prompt:

• Queue Manager• Queue to protect• Signing algorithm• Authorised signer(s)• Encryption algorithm• Authorised recipient(s)

!*5

4%@

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setmqspl -m INTERCONNECT -p CLIENT.DATA.Q -s SHA512 -a "CN=CLIENT1,O=CLIENTORG,C=UK" -e AES256 -r "CN=CLIENT2,O=CLIENTORG,C=UK"

AMS – How to configure it

• Example 1: Application changes !*5

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Alice’sSending/Receiving

App

AliceCertificate

MQS_KEYSTORE_CONF=/…/Keystore.conf(Or create Keystore.conf in home directory)

No Changes Necessary!

Keystore.conf

cms.keystore=/…/Keystorecms.certificate=AliceCertificate

Keystore

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Thank You

3429 how to transform your messaging environment to a secure messaging environment

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