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RSTAB 77RFEM

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Dlubal SoftwareSoftware Overview

Main Programsand Modules

Steel

ReinforcedConcrete

Timber

Composite

Glass

The Framework Program

The Ultimate FEA Program

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Dlubal - Product overview

RSTAB

1.1 RSTAB Basis

1.2 Steel

STEELGeneral stress design

STEEL EC3Design according toEurocode 3

STEEL AISCDesign according toU.S. standardANSI/AISC 360-05

STEEL SIADesign according toSwiss standard SIA 263

STEEL ISDesign according toIndian standard IS 800

KAPPAFlexural buckling designaccording to equivalentmember method

LTBLateral torsional bucklingdesign according toequivalent member method

FE-LTBLateral torsional bucklingdesign according toFE method

EL-PL Ultimate limit state designelastic-plastic

C-TO-TDesign for limit (c/t) ofcross-section parts

PLATE-BUCKLINGPlate buckling analysisof stiffened plates

CRANEWAYCrane girder designaccording to DIN 4132 and DIN 18800

1.3 Concrete

CONCRETEReinforced concrete designfor members accordingto EC2, ÖNORM B4700,DIN 1045-1 andDIN 1045-88

CONCRETE ColumnsReinforced concrete designwith model column methodaccording to EC2*) andDIN 1045-1

FOUNDATIONSingle, bucket and platefoundations according toDIN 1045-1 and DIN 1045-88

*) Optional

1.4 Timber

TIMBER ProMember design according to EN 1995-1-1 and DIN 1052

1.5 Composite

COMPOSITE-BEAMComposite beam according to EC4

Stand-alonemodules

5.1 Steel

CRANEWAYCrane girder designaccording to DIN 4132and DIN 18800

PLATE-BUCKLINGBuckling analysis ofstiffened platesaccording to DIN 18800

5.2 Composite

COMPOSITE-BEAMComposite beams according to DIN V ENV 1994-1-1

5.3 Timber

RX-TIMBER Continuous Beam

Hinged girder systems,continuous and single-spanbeams according toDIN 1052:2008-12 and EC5

RX-TIMBER Glued-laminated Beam

Fish bellied girders, duo-pitch and general roofbeams according toDIN 1052:2008-12 and EC5

RX-TIMBER Column Timber columns accordingto DIN 1052:2008-12 andEC5

RX-TIMBER FrameTimber frames accordingto DIN 1052:2008-12 and EC5

RX-TIMBER PurlinCoupled purlins and con-tinuous beams accordingto DIN 1052:2008-12 andEC5

5.4 Connections

HSSLimit state of welded hollow structural section connec-tions according to EC3

Interfaces

6.1 Add-on modules

RS-COMProgrammable COM interface for RSTAB

RF-COMProgrammable COM interface for RFEM

RX-LINK Import of Step, IGESand ACIS fi les to RFEM

6.2 Integrated

Tekla Structures<-> RSTAB / RFEMBidirectional interfacefor Tekla Structures

AutodeskRevit Structure<-> RSTAB / RFEMBidirectional interfacefor Revit StructureAutocad StructuralDetailing

Formats forframeworks (.stp)German DSTV productinterfaceBentley ProStructureTekla Structureslntergraph FrameworksAdvance SteelBocadCadwork

Formats for spread- sheet programsMS Excel (.xls)OpenOffi ce.org Calc (.ods)Text format (.csv)

General CAD formatsDrawing InterchangeFormat (.dxf)IFC-Format (.ifc)Structural Analysis View(IFC 2x3)Coordination ViewSDNF format (.dat)

CAD reinforcementprogramsGLASER -isb cad- (.geo)Strakon (.cfe)Nemetschek Allplan (.asf)CADKON (.esf)

Calculation programsANSYS APDL (.ans)SCIA Engineer (.xml)SoFistik (.ifc)InfoGraph (.ifc)Frilo ESK/RS (.stp)

Cross-Sections

3.1 Thin-walled

SHAPECross-section propertiesand stress analysis

2.3 Concrete

RF-CONCRETEReinforced concrete designfor plates, walls, shells and member elements accordingto EC2*), ÖNORM B4700,DIN 1045-1, DIN 1045-88

RF-CONCRETE ColumnsReinforced concrete designwith model column methodaccording to EC2*) andDIN 1045-1

RF-PUNCHPunching shear designaccording to EC2*),DIN 1045-1, DIN 1045-88

RF-FOUNDATIONDesign of bucket and single foundations accordingto DIN 1045-1 andDIN 1045-88

*) Optional

2.4 Timber

RF-TIMBER ProMember design according to EN 1995-1-1 and DIN 1052

2.5 Dynamics

RF-DYNAM BasicAnalysis of natural frequen-cies and eigenvibrations

RF-DYNAM Add. I Modal analysis, time step method, response spectra and harmonic excitation

RF-DYNAM Add. IIEquivalent lateral loads for earthquakes

2.6 Glass

RF-GLASSDesign of glass surfaces

Connections

4.1 Steel

RF-/FRAME-JOINTDesign of bolted, rigid frame joints

RF-/END-PLATERigid end plate connections

RF-/CONNECTShear connections with end plates, web and seatingcleats

RF-/DSTVTypifi ed connections in steel building constructionsaccording to DSTV guide-lines

RF-/HSSHollow section connectionsacc. to EN 1993-1-8:2005

4.2 Timber

DOWELDowel connections withslotted sheets according to SIA 164/HBT2, ÖNORM B4100/2 and DIN 1052-88

2.7 Other

RF-DEFORMDeformation and defl ection analysis for members and sets of members

RF-MOVELoad case generation from moving loads on members

RF-IMPAutomatic imperfectionapplication for surfaces and members

RF-STABILITYBuckling modes, effective lengths, critical load factors

RF-SOILINSoil-structure interaction analysis for foundationsurfaces

RF-COMBI Load case combinationaccording to EN 1990,DIN 1055-100 etc.

RF-MAT NLNon-linear materialbehaviour for RFEM

RF-STAGESConsideration of differentconstruction stages

RF-LAMINATEAnalysis and design oflaminate surfaces

RF-TOWERGeneration of latticetowers, correspondingequipment and loading

RFEM

2.1 RFEM Basis

2.2 Steel

RF-STEELGeneral stress design formembers and surfaces

RF-STEEL EC3Member designaccording to Eurocode 3

RF-STEEL AISCMember designaccording to U.S. standardANSI/AISC 360-05

RF-STEEL SIAMember design accordingto Swiss standard SIA 263

RF-STEEL ISMember design accordingto Indian standard IS 800

RF-KAPPAFlexural buckling designaccording to equivalentmember method

RF-LTBLateral torsional bucklingdesign according toequivalent member method

RF-FE-LTBLateral torsional bucklingdesign for membersaccording to FE method

RF-EL-PLUltimate limit state design elastic-plastic for members

RF-C-TO-T Design for limit (c/t) ofcross-section parts

1.6 Dynamics

DYNAM BasicAnalysis of eigenvibrations and natural frequencies

DYNAM Add. I Modal analysis, time step method, response spectra and harmonic excitation

DYNAM Add. II Equivalent lateral loads forearthquakes

1.7 Other

DEFORMDeformation and defl ection analysis

RSMOVELoad case generation from moving loads

RSIMP Automatic generation ofimperfections

RSBUCKBuckling shapes, effective lengths, bifurcation load factors

RSCOMBILoad case combinationaccording to EN 1990,DIN 1055-100 etc.

SUPER-LCSuperimposing results ofdifferent construction phases

STAGESConsideration of different construction stages

TOWERGeneration of latticetowers, corresponding equipment and loading

www.dlubal.comSoftware for

&StaticsDynamics

www.dlubal.com

Dlubal Engineering Software – Software for Statics and Dynamics

Program OverviewMain Programs andAdd-on Modules

Dlubal software is based on a modular system. There are two main program families: RSTAB and RFEM. Each fa-mily is made up of the main program and its add-on mo-dules. These modules are either integrated into the main program or, in a few cases, run as independent programs. Integrated modules only run with the corresponding main program.

Each main program provides the basis for defining the structure, loads and load combinations. By the project’s completion, the program shows deformations, internal and support forces. Materials can be freely defined in both main programs.

Models of RSTAB 7 and RFEM 4 can be opened in both programs. In RFEM 4, for example, you can open a frame-work structure from RSTAB 7 to model additional surface elements.

The add-on modules either facilitate the data input by an automated creation of structures, loads and load combi-nations or carry out further analyses and designs. RSMOVE and RSIMP, add-on modules of the RSTAB program,represent the modular approach for generating input data. DYNAM is a module that can be used for further dynamic analyses. STEEL, TIMBER Pro or CONCRETE are typical modules for designing materials according to various construction standards.

The modular approach allows you to combine the main programs individually with the modules required for your structural projects. Upgrades at a later date are always possible. This booklet describes the modules in detail. In addition, almost every module can be tested as a demo-version provided with your Dlubal program DVD.

For further information and current events, see our web-site www.dlubal.com.

RSTAB Product Page

1.1 Basis RSTAB 7 41.2 Steel STEEL 7 STEEL EC3 9 KAPPA 11 LTB 12 FE-LTB 14 EL-PL 15 C-TO-T 16 PLATE-BUCKLING 17 STEEL AISC 18 STEEL SIA 19 STEEL IS 20 CRANEWAY 211.3 Concrete CONCRETE 22 CONCRETE Columns 24 FOUNDATION 251.4 Timber TIMBER Pro 261.5 Composite COMPOSITE-BEAM 281.6 Dynamics DYNAM Basic 29 DYNAM Add. I 31 DYNAM Add. II 321.7 Other DEFORM 33 RSMOVE 34 RSIMP 35 RSBUCK 36 RSCOMBI 37 SUPER-LC 38 TOWER 39 RS-COM 41

RFEM Product Page

2.1 Basis RFEM 4 422.2 Steel RF-STEEL 46, 7 RF-STEEL EC3 9 RF-KAPPA 11 RF-LTB 12 RF-FE-LTB 14 RF-EL-PL 15 RF-C-TO-T 162.3 Concrete RF-CONCRETE 47, 22 RF-PUNCH 48 RF-CONCRETE Columns 24 RF-FOUNDATION 252.4 Timber RF-TIMBER Pro 262.5 Dynamics RF-DYNAM Basic 49 RF-DYNAM Add. I 50 RF-DYNAM Add. II 512.6 Glass RF-GLASS 552.7 Other RF-DEFORM 33 RF-MOVE 34 RF-IMP 52 RF-STABILITY 53 RF-SOILIN 54 RF-STAGES 56 RF-COMBI 37 RF-COM 41

Cross-sections Product Page

3.1 Thin-walled SHAPE 57

Connections Product Page

4.1 Steel FRAME-JOINT / RF-FRAME-JOINT 59 END-PLATE / RF-END-PLATE 61 CONNECT / RF-CONNECT 62 DSTV / RF-DSTV 63 HSS / RF-HSS 644.2 Timber DOWEL / RF-DOWEL 65

Stand-alone Modules Product Page

5.1 Steel CRANEWAY 21 PLATE-BUCKLING 175.2 Composite COMPOSITE-BEAM 285.3 Timber RX-TIMBER 67

Interfaces Product Page

RX-LINK 68

RSTAB RFEMProduct overview

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Dlubal Engineering Software Software for Statics and Dynamics

RSTAB RFEMRSTAB RFEMwww.dlubal.com

Calculating Planar and Spatial Structures

The RSTAB program family for struc-tural design is used to determine in-ternal forces, support reactions and deformations of any planar or spa-tial structure. The open and modular RSTAB program concept meets indi-vidual user demands for specific pro-ject requirements by integrating ad-ditional modules.

Due to its user-friendliness, RSTAB has a small learning curve, which means that you will be quickly able to handle the program.

The program system offers you many helpful tools making structural calcu-lations in engineering offices easier.

RSTAB User Interface

❚ Threepart navigator for checking and controlling data, graphic dis-play and results

❚ Integration of Windows capabilities for efficient work (drag-and-drop, context menus, clipboard etc.)

❚ Photo-realistic structure visualiza-tion with 3D rendering to check the defined position of members and cross-sections

❚ Working in the active rendering

❚ Individual customization of inter-face by specifying colors, font type and size, buttons and style

❚ Equal and synchronized input in graphic display, tables and dialog boxes

❚ Dockable and automatically mini-mizable tables and navigator

❚ Network-compatible Project Manager for structure administra-tion with graphical preview, sub-projects, delete function for results and display of editing history

Modeling

❚ Option for parameterized input for default projects with varying di-mensions

❚ Parameterizable guideline technique for flexible spatial modeling

❚ Import of CAD templates by means of DXF layers with snap points

❚ Comprehensive and expandable cross-section and material libraries with specifications for cross-section and material properties

❚ Use of blocks as parameterized par-tial structures

❚ Member non-linearities such as yielding, tearing, slippage or plas-ticity

❚ Non-linear supports and releases with ineffectivities as well as work-ing and stiffness diagrams

Project Manager: preview and details of selected structure

RSTAB's graphical user interface: navigator, graphic display with rendered results, tables

Parameter list

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❚ Generating tool for structures such as 2D frames with tapers, truss girders, roofs, 3D frames and 3D halls, stairs, arcs and bracings

❚ Converting area and coating loads into member loads

❚ Wind and snow load generation for various roof structures according to EN 1991-1-4/3 and DIN 1055-4/5

❚ Imperfections on continuous members

Calculation❚ Analysis according to the linear

static, the second-order and the large deformation analysis as well as analysis for postcritical failure

❚ Non-linear analysis with reactivation of failed elements

❚ Determination of the critical load factor according to the second-or-der analysis

❚ Incremental load application

❚ Optional activation of shear defor-mations

❚ Analysis of independent sub-structures

❚ Load combinations for determining the envelope of different loadarrangements

❚ Uninterrupted calculation run with summarized statistical data

Results

❚ Freely selectable display and partial views for results evaluation

❚ Results visualization on the ren-dered model

❚ Determination of centroid for se-lected objects

❚ Table output with filter options and color scale panel

❚ Diagrams of result distribution on members with smoothing option

❚ Animation of deformations by means of video recording

❚ Filter option for graphical member results

❚ Export of results to MS Excel or OpenOffice.org Calc

Results display for specific structure parts with remaining parts being inactive

Generation of a 2D frame including permanent loads, snow and wind

Cross-section library

Adjustable scales for result values and colors

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RSTAB represents the platform for all add-on modules available for steel and timber construction, reinforced concrete design, dynamics, connec-tions etc. All modules fit seamlessly into RSTAB so that you don't have to leave the user interface that you are used to.

The results of the design are docu-mented in the central RSTAB printout report, too.

Printout

❚ Various options for creating the printout of input data and results by means of the printout report

❚ Possibility to integrate texts and graphics

❚ Option for creating graphic groups automatically

❚ Title boxes, cover sheet and adjust-able paging

❚ Printout in English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Polish, Czech, Hungarian and Slovak

❚ Adjustable print header

❚ Export in RTF format and BauText

Interfaces

❚ Integrated interfaces for the follow-ing formats: *.stp, *.dxf, *.dat, *.ifc

❚ Data exchange with CAD programs like ProSteel 3D, Tekla Structures, Intergraph Frameworks, Advance Steel, Cadwork, AutoCAD.

❚ Option for controlling RSTAB by programmable COM interface (Visual Basic), see add-on module RS-COM

❚ IGES, STEP and ACIS interfaces (add-on module RX-LINK, surcharge required)

Member result diagrams for specific evaluation with smoothing option

Different displays showing internal forces of a particular partial view (Mero-TSK)

Printout report

Data import from CAD programs

Central administration of units and decimal places for RSTAB and all add-on modules

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General Stress Designs for Members

STEEL is one of the add-on modules integrated into RSTAB. It performs general stress analyses for mem-bers according to DIN 18800, DIN 4114 and other standards based on the principle of comparing existing stresses with limiting stresses.

In case that internal forces are deter-mined according to the second-order analysis including the application of imperfections, you can carry out the stability analysis (DIN 18800) also in the STEEL module.

Features

❚ Import of materials, cross-sections and internal forces from RSTAB or RFEM

❚ Design of all thin-walled cross-sections including SHAPE sections

❚ Determination of maximum stresses of sets of members

❚ Optional consideration of locally limited plastification

❚ Flexible design in different design cases

❚ Graphic of stress points

❚ Graphic of stresses and stress ra-tios on the cross-section and in the RSTAB/RFEM model

❚ Determination of governing inter-nal forces

❚ Filter options for graphical results in RSTAB/RFEM

❚ Graphic display for stresses and stress ratios in the rendered view

❚ Color scales in the results tables

❚ Connection between tables and RSTAB/RFEM work window when selecting the current member graphically

❚ View mode for modifying the view in the work window

❚ Option for optimizing rolled and welded cross-sections

❚ Transfer of optimized cross-sections to RSTAB/RFEM

❚ Parts list and quantity surveying

❚ Data export to MS Excel

Input

To make the data input easier, the members, sets of members, materials and cross-sections already defined in RSTAB/RFEM are preset. Thus, the in-put required for the analysis is mini-mized.

In many situations, you can use the pick function offered by the pro-gram to select objects graphically. Furthermore, you have access to the global material and cross-section li-braries.

Members and sets of members can be arranged in groups for different design cases. In this way you can, for example, combine groups of structu-ral components or define particular design specifications for them ( limit stresses, partial safety factors, opti-mization).

You can specify comprehensive detail settings for the design in a separate dialog box.

Maximum stresses arranged by cross-sections

STEEL

Graphical distribution of stress ratio in the columns of a frame structure

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Design

For every stress point, it is possible to determine the normal, the shear and the equivalent stresses to com-pare them with the allowable stress-es. When analyzing superimposed in-ternal forces of load combinations, you can select between two calcula-tion options.

The factors for determining equiva-lent stresses are considered accord-ing to the user's specifications. STEEL calculates the stress ratios for every stress component during the design. The governing internal forces will be related to the type of stress selected by the user.

The design is completed by determin-ing the masses.

Results

After the design's completion, the maximum stresses and stress ratios are displayed in results tables accord-ing to cross-sections, members and sets of members. In addition, the stress curve on the cross-section is displayed graphically. Furthermore, the stress components can be shown for every internal force individually.

For detailed analyses (for example fa-tigue design), stresses are available for every stress point. Optionally, the maximum difference of the normal stresses σDelta is displayed.

The stress ratio is represented by dif-ferent colors in the RSTAB/RFEM model so that oversized or crucial ar-eas of the structure can be recog-nized immediately. If necessary, the

assignment of colors and corres-ponding values can be adjusted.

The diagrams for result distribution on the member or set of members al-low for a specific evaluation.

For every designed location on the member, you can open a dialog box to check the relevant cross-section properties and stress components for every stress point. The respective graphic can be printed including all design details.

Cross-section Optimization

The automatic optimization of cross-sections is a special STEEL feature. The module determines the cross-section of the specified cross-sec-tion table that fulfils the analysis re-quirements in the most optimal way, i.e. comes as close as possible to the maximum stress ratio of 1.00. The optimization is also available for the parameterized cross-section tables as well as for tapered members.

If required, the optimized cross-sec-tions can be transferred to RSTAB/RFEM to calculate the internal forc-es again.

Design details

Detailed representation of stresses on the cross-section

Stress ratios in the 3D rendering

Design details

Optimization parameters of an I-section

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Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design acc. to Eurocode 3

The add-on module STEEL EC3 for RSTAB/RFEM can be used for the ul-timate limit state design and the sta-bility as well as the deformation anal-ysis of members and sets of members according to Eurocode 3 (EN 1993-1-1:2005).

Country-specific Arrangements

The national application documents of the following countries are already integrated:

It is always possible to adjust the preset parameters or to create a new national annex to save it in a library.

Input

The members, sets of members, ma-terials (including stainless steel) and cross-sections defined in RSTAB/RFEM are already preset in the module. All thin-walled cross-sections can be de-signed. The program automatical-ly selects the most efficient design method conforming to standards.

It classifies the cross-sections into class 1 to 4 according to EN 1993-1-1:2005, section 5.5.2. The maxi-mum c/t ratio of cross-section parts subjected to compression according to table 5.2 is determined for every stress point. STEEL EC3 provides the

classification accordingly.

This classification is an important part of the design process according to Eurocode 3 as different limit val-ues are allowed depending on the cross-section class.

Detail specifications for stability analysis and determination of Mcr

STEEL EC3

Selection of members, load cases and national annex

Graphic of stress ratios

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The serviceability limit state design can be carried out for the character-istic, the frequent and the quasi-per-manent action combination.The buckling and warping length coefficients required for the sta-bility analysis are defined manual-ly or graphically. A dialog box with the Euler buckling modes can be opened additionally. Furthermore, the buck-ling length coefficients from the stability analysis in RSBUCK/RF-STABILITY can be imported.

Ultimate Limit StateWhen analyzing tension, compres-sion, bending and shear, the pro-gram compares the design values of the Ed actions with the maximum re-sistance Rd.

When applying both bending and compression to structural compo-nents at the same time, interactions will be considered by the design. You can select the method according to which the interaction formula is de-termined.

StabilityThe stability analysis for buckling around the y- and x-axis as well as for lateral torsional buckling is car-ried out for every member.

For the flexural buckling design, you need to specify neither slenderness

nor elastic critical buckling load. All factors required for the design value of bending stress are determined au-tomatically.

The design value of the maximum lateral buckling resistance depends on the cross-section class and the re-duction factor for lateral torsional buckling. Mcr is determined for every location on the member considering gross cross-section, load situation, distribution of moments and possible lateral intermediate supports.

Concerning supporting actions for structural components with plastic hinges, the program designs the ex-isting distance from one plastic hinge to the nearest lateral support with a smaller value than the maximum dis-tance allowed.

Serviceability Limit State

The limit values of deformations for the serviceability limit state design are defined in the national annexes. For this design, STEEL EC3 uses the member's or member set's reference length that either is entered manual-ly or calculated by the program. Op-tionally, a precamber is considered.

Another important factor for the de-sign is the type of girder (beam or cantilever).

All results are clearly represented in results tables, arranged according to load cases, cross-sections, members, sets of members or x-locations. When selecting a particular result row, de-tailed design information is available.In the RSTAB/RFEM work window and also in a special window show-ing result diagrams, the stress ratios can be checked graphically. Parts lists available for different cross-section types and sorted by members or sets of members complete the detailed and clearly arranged results represen-tation.

All material and cross-section prop-erties, design internal forces and fac-tors are clearly documented in the global printout report of RSTAB/RFEM.

Parameters of the national annex DIN EN 1993-1-1

Parameters of the national annex DIN EN 1993-1-1

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Flexural Buckling Design acc. to DIN 18800 Part 2 (Equivalent Member Method)

The add-on module KAPPA is used for the flexural buckling design ac-cording to the method described in DIN 18800 part 2. The program also checks the limit (c/t) ratios accord-ing to DIN 18800 part 1. Both design methods elastic-elastic and elastic-plastic are possible.

KAPPA allows for a quick flexural buckling design for numerous mem-bers and load cases by defining only a few entries.

Features❚ Full integration in RSTAB/RFEM with

import of all relevant information and internal forces

❚ Smart presetting of design parame-ters specific for flexural buckling

❚ Determining the distribution of in-ternal forces automatically includ-ing classification according to DIN 18800 part 2

❚ Import option for buckling lengths from RSBUCK/RF-STABILITY

❚ Selection of design methods con-tained in DIN 18800 part 2

❚ Analyzing unfavorable design loca-tions, even for tapered members

❚ Checking (c/t) limit values according to DIN 18800 part 1

❚ Design of any kind of thin-walled cross-section for compression and bending without interaction ac-cording to the el-pl method

❚ Design of I-shaped rolled and weld-ed cross-sections, I-similar cross-sections, box sections and pipes for bending and compression includ-ing interaction according to the el-pl method

❚ Design of any kind of thin-walled cross-section for compression and bending according to the el-el method

❚ Optimization of cross-sections

❚ Clearly structured designs with all intermediate values in summarized or detailed form

After the calculation in RSTAB/RFEM, a design case is created in KAPPA. First, select the relevant members, sets of members and load cases. Graphical tools are available for this selection.

Then, check the material proper-ties and cross-sections and define the buckling lengths for members and sets of members. The lengths of members and sets of members are preset but can be adjusted in case of different support conditions. The buckling length can be entered di-rectly or by means of the β-value.

The import of a buckling length cal-culated in RSBUCK/RF-STABILITY is also possible.

Subsequent to the successful calcula-tion, the results are displayed in de-tail. Every intermediate value can be represented, which makes the design more transparent.

If the analysis fails, the relevant cross-sections can be modified in an optimization process. The optimized cross-sections can be transferred to RSTAB/RFEM to calculate them again.

Results of the flexural buckling design

KAPPA

Selection of members, sets of members and load cases for the flexural buckling design

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Lateral Torsional Buckling Design acc. to DIN 18800 Part 2 (Equivalent Member Method)

The add-on module LTB is used for the lateral torsional buckling design according to the equivalent mem-ber method described in DIN 18800. In contrast to the FE-LTB module, the program performs an elastic-plastic method based on analytical formulas.

Due to the connection to RSTAB/RFEM, all relevant input data such as cross-sections, member data and diagrams of internal forces are im-ported automatically. The parame-ters required for the design are ap-propriately preset so that the design for all members and sets of mem-bers can be carried out without en-tering lots of data. If necessary, stabi-lizing effects like rotational restraints or shear panels can be applied addi-tionally.

Singly and double symmetrical I-sections as well as I-similar cross-sections are designed with interac-tions according to Rubin. All thin-walled cross-sections like L-, U-, T- and C-sections or crosswise double I-sections from the library as well as the SHAPE module can be designed for axial compression.

Features❚ Full integration in RSTAB/RFEM in-

cluding import of all relevant infor-mation and internal forces

❚ Comfortable input of design para-meters specific for lateral torsional buckling

❚ Determination of the most unfa-vorable design locations

❚ Consideration of rotational re-straints and shear panels with in-tegrated tools for determining the corresponding factors conforming to standards

❚ Integrated libraries for corrugated sheets of many companies

❚ Determination of moment coeffi-cient ζ for defining the ideal elastic critical moment Mcr

❚ Different support types considering warp springs for different stiffening and connection situations

❚ Cantilever design

❚ Option for calculation according to Vogel/Heil

❚ Consideration of lateral restraint by determining Mcr and Ncr according to Wittemann

❚ Output of fastener forces due to rotational restraint for trapezoidal cross-sections and purlins


Subsequent to the structure's calcu-lation in RSTAB/RFEM, you can open LTB and select the members, sets of members, load cases and groups that you want to design.

Materials and cross-sections already defined in RSTAB/RFEM are preset in the module tables but can be adjust-ed, if necessary.

The definition of parameters for lat-eral torsional buckling completes the input. Boundary conditions can be defined in detail for every single member or set of members which are the following:

Results of the lateral torsional buckling design

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Selection of members, sets of members and load groups for the lateral torsional buckling design

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F-LT

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RSTAB RFEM


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Support Type to Determine Ncr

For default supports like pinned sup-ports or built-in/hinged supports pre-settings are available. Special sup-ports can be specified by the degree of restraint βZ.

It is possible to specify the support type in detail by means of addition-al warp springs determined by end plates, beam cantilevers, reinforce-ment due to angles, column connec-tions or U-sections. Furthermore, the value for Ncr can be entered directly.

Shear Panel

When shear panels are taken into ac-count, LTB determines the available and the required shear panel stiff-ness.

Shear panels can be created by means of corrugated sheets, bracings or a combination of both.

Rotational Restraint

LTB calculates the existing rotation-al restraints according to DIN 18800 part 2, el. (309). The data for trape-zoidal sheetings is taken from the in-tegrated library. The rotational spring components from the rigidities of connecting members and cross-sec-tion deformations can be determined additionally.

In case the design cannot be per-formed by using rotational restraints

exclusively, the stabilizing effect will still be considered by increasing the torsional constant.

Optionally, LTB performs the more accurate calculation for rotation-al springs according to Lindner/Groeschel and displays the available tensile and shear forces of the sheet-ings' or purlins' fastening screws.

Load Application Point

The application point zp of the mo-ment-generating transverse load can be selected on the cross-section in the graphic. The definitions On upper flange or In centroid are also possible.

Moment Coefficient ζ

The determination of ζ is of particu-lar importance for the lateral torsion-al buckling design. The moment co-efficient decisively affects the criti-cal buckling moment Mcr and contri-butes to the quality of the design.

DIN 18800 provides only a few mo-ment diagrams that are often not sufficient for practical use. Instead, the standard refers to further read-ing. LTB determines the ζ factors completely automatically on the ba-sis of the member's elastic potential. In addition, a user-defined table for other moment diagrams can be cre-ated as they are defined, for exam-ple, according to Roik/Carl/Lindner.

As an alternative, you can use the more accurate calculation formula

for ζ according to EC3. If exact cal-culations exist, Mcr and ζ can also be entered directly.

Beam Factor

The beam type can be directly select-ed for rolled, welded and tapered beams as well as for castellated and notched girders. LTB presets the re-spective beam factor n automatically. The value can also be entered man-ually.

In the simplest case, these beam pre-settings can be used for preliminary designs. If the analysis fails, you can specify the data described above and activate the stabilizing effects of shear panel and rotational restraint.

The design considers several design locations for every member and set of members. For tapered members, the program accurately determines the required cross-section parameters for variable cross-sections.

The results are arranged according to cross-sections, members or sets of members. Every intermediate value can be represented, which makes the design more transparent.

A structured and comprehensible documentation including all inter-mediate values in summarized or de-tailed form completes the design.

Support type for warping

Shear panel from trapezoidal sheet

Rotational restraint from trapezoidal sheet

Method of determining MKi

Calculation details to determine ζ

Selection of beam type

Graphical representation of design

Steel

LTB

RF-

LTB

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RSTAB RFEM


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Lateral Torsional Buckling Design acc. to FE Method

The add-on module FE-LTB is used to detach planar sub-structures from spatial RSTAB/RFEM models to calcu-late them according to the second-order analysis for torsional buckling considering warping. The geometri-cal, support and load data is import-ed to FE-LTB automatically. The mod-ule allows for further input specific for lateral torsional buckling.

Features

❚ Stress design with warping torsion according to DIN 18800 el-el

❚ Stability analysis for buckling and lateral torsional buckling of buckled planar continuous members

❚ Determination of critical load fac-tor and hence Mcr, Ncr (if applicable, these values can also be used for the el-pl design in LTB)

❚ Lateral torsional buckling design for thin-walled cross-sections (also SHAPE-sections)

❚ Analysis of members and sets of members with applied torsion (e.g. crane runway girder)

❚ Option to determine the factor for ultimate load capacity

❚ Display of torsional and eigen-modes on the rendered cross-sec-tion

❚ Powerful tools for determin-ing shear panels and rotation-al restraints, e.g. from corrugated sheets, purlins, bracings

❚ Comfortable determination of dis-crete springs like warp springs from end plates or rotational springs from columns

❚ Graphical selection of load applica-tion point on cross-section

❚ Free arrangement of eccentric nodal and line supports on cross-section

❚ Determination of values for inclina-tion and precamber according to DIN 18800

When modeling, lateral supports de-fined as nodal supports, shear pan-

els or rotational restraints can be ap-plied. To determine the spring stiff-nesses, powerful tools are available so that you don't have to look up buckling curves or properties of cor-rugated sheets.

The load application points can be freely defined on the cross-section. When imperfections are taken into account, you can select the system's governing eigenmode graphically. The cross-section's torsions are clearly visible in the rendered model.

All additional data relevant to lateral torsional buckling can be determined conforming to standards by using comfortable input tools.

Subsequent to the calculation, de-formations, internal and support forces as well as stresses are dis-played. As the warping torsion is

considered, you also get information about the distribution of warping bi-moments as well as primary and sec-ondary torsional moments.

Imperfections are taken into account for stability analyses. In addition, the critical load factor is determined which can be used to calculate Mcr and Ncr.

FE-LTB allows for the management of varied designs in different design cas-es. In this way, you can calculate, for example, the ultimate load capacity with stress limitation before a system failure occurs.

FE-LTB

Tapered cantilever with imperfection and stresses

Determination of warp spring

Determination of tension fields and rotational restraints

SteelFE

-LTB

RF-

FE-L

TB

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RSTAB RFEM


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Ultimate Limit State De sign acc. to El-Pl Method

By means of the elastic-plastic analy-sis method you can use the cross-sec-tion's plastic resources. EL-PL analyzes whether the loadings, taking into ac-count the interaction conditions, ex-ceed the limit internal forces in fully plastic state.

The program also checks the width-to-thickness ratios according to DIN 18800 part 1, table 15, considering the compression area factors α ap-propriately.

Features

❚ Full integration in RSTAB/RFEM with import of all relevant information and internal forces

❚ Interacting relations according to:

- DIN 18800 double symmetrical I-sections with uniaxial or biaxial bending

- DIN 4420 for pipes

- Rubin for double symmetrical box and I-sections with uniaxial or bi-axial bending

- Rubin for singly symmetrical I-sections with uniaxial bending

- Kahlmeyer for singly and double symmetrical box and I-sections with uniaxial bending

- Kindmann for all I-sections with uniaxial or biaxial bending

❚ Design for following cross-section tables: I, T, QR, RR, RO, IS, IU, IA, TS, TO, IV, UI, Pipe, Box(A), Box(B), Pi(A), Pi(B), KB, 2I(a=0), 2UR(a=0), 2LA(a=0), ICU, ICO, IBU, IBO, SFBo, SFBu, IFBo, IFBu, ICM, KB(L)

❚ Freely definable yield strengths de-pending on thickness of structural components

❚ Moment capacity limitation by max-imum factor αpl

❚ Cross-section optimization with transfer option for modified sec-tions to RSTAB/RFEM

When the calculation in RSTAB/RFEM has been successful, a design case is created in EL-PL. First, select the rele-vant members, sets of members and actions. Graphical tools are available for this selection.

The program checks the materi-al properties and cross-sections. The yield strengths can be freely defined depending on the thickness of struc-tural components.

By using Rubin's comprehensive anal-ysis method, the most favorable ra-tios can be obtained in the majority of cases.

The stress ratios of the individual cross-sections are clearly represented in the results tables and in the graph-ic. Detailed information concerning loading interaction is displayed for every designed location, e.g. govern-ing (c/t) cross-section parts, plastic internal forces or orientation of the neutral stress axis.

In addition, EL-PL provides an optimi-zation tool for cross-sections. From the specified cross-section table the program determines the cross-section that meets the analysis criteria best.

EL-PL

Selection of members, sets of members and load cases

Analysis according to Rubin for biaxial bending

Steel

EL-

PL

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PL

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RSTAB RFEM


www.dlubal.com

Width-To-Thickness Analysis acc. to DIN 18800

This add-on module analyzes the full effectiveness of cross-section parts under compressive stress as de-scribed in DIN 18800 part 1, tables 12 to 15, el. (745) and (753). Having fulfilled the requirements of this width-to-thickness analysis, stability designs concerning buckling are no longer necessary.

Features

❚ Analyses for el-el and el-pl methods❚ Graphical selection of members and

sets of members for design❚ Handling of several load and de-

sign cases❚ Verification by means of c/t ratios

already integrated in the cross-section library

❚ Option to consider shear stresses according to the comment for DIN 18800 el. (745) concerning the el-el method

❚ Option to consider the thickness of welds on welded cross-sections af-fecting cross-section parts by re-ducing their width

❚ Option to optimize cross-sections

C-TO-T allows for an easy input as the relevant member and load data from RSTAB/RFEM is already preset.

The design results are arranged ac-cording to cross-sections, members, sets of members and x-locations. Colored relation scales complete the output, providing a visual evaluation of the individual ratios in the results tables. If the analysis fails, the rele-

vant cross-sections can be modified in an optimization process.

The stress ratios are displayed with different colors in the graphic so that you can detect the effectiveness of crucial areas immediately.

Particularly with regard to weld-ed cross-sections consisting of thin-walled sheetings, C-TO-T can avoid complex buckling analyses.

C-TO-T

Selection of members, sets of members, load cases as well as of design type

Representation of c/t parts

(c/t) design by cross-section

SteelC

-TO

-TR

F-C

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-T


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Plate Buckling Analysis of Stiffened Plates

PLATE-BUCKLING is used for plate buckling analyses of rectangular plates according to DIN 18800 part 3. The plates can be reinforced by horizontal or vertical stiffeners. The load on the plates' edges can be us-er-defined as well as imported from RSTAB/RFEM.

The plate buckling design always takes into account the entire panel because in this way the existing stiff-eners can be considered in the FE model. Thus, you can do without the design for single (c/t) parts or panel sections.

Features

❚ Import of internal forces from RSTAB/RFEM by selecting member and panel numbers with determin-ing governing boundary stresses

❚ Summary of stresses in load cas-es with determination of governing load case

❚ Import of stiffeners from a com-prehensive library: flat plate and bulb flat steel, angle, rolled sec-tions L, T and C as well as trapezoi-dal stiffener

❚ Determination of effective widths according to DIN 18800 part 3 eq. (4)

❚ Option to consider buckling effects according to DIN 18800 part 3 eq. (13)

❚ Photo-realistic representation of panel including stiffeners, stress

conditions and buckling modes with animation

First, material data, panel dimensions and boundary conditions are defined. Options to import this data from RSTAB or RFEM are available. The boundary stresses can then be de-fined for each load case either manu-ally or imported from RSTAB/RFEM.

The stiffeners are modeled as spatial-ly effective surface elements eccen-trically connected to the plate. The bending, shear, strain and St. Venant stiffness (or Bredt stiffness for closed stiffeners) of these stiffeners are con-sidered automatically when using the 3D model.

The analyses are carried out succes-sively by calculating the eigenvalues of the ideal buckling values for the individual stress conditions (exclusive

effect of σx, σy, τ) as well as the buck-ling value for the simultaneous effec-tiveness of all stress components.

To determine the buckling behav-ior similar to buckling members, the eigenvalues of the ideal c/t parts' buckling values are calculated with longitudinal panel sides assumed to be free.

Then the slenderness and the reduc-tion factors are determined accord-ing to DIN 18800 part 3, table 1. Finally the design complies with DIN 18800 part 3, eq. (9), (10) or (14).

The panel is discretized in finite qua-drilateral or, if necessary, triangular elements. Every node of an element has six degrees of freedom.

Subsequent to the FE calculation, the results are displayed for every load case in detail. The graphic of the buckling mode facilitates the results evaluation.

PLATE-BUCKLING

Input of boundary stresses with transfer option of loads

PLA

TE-B

UC

KLI

NG

Import of c/t ratio and load cases

Entering a T-stiffener

Graphic of buckling mode

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RSTAB RFEM


www.dlubal.comR

F-S

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L A

ISC

STE

EL

AIS

CSteel

Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design acc.to ANSI/AISC 306-05

The add-on module can be used for RSTAB and RFEM and is based on the U.S. standard Specification for Structural Steel Buildings released by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). STEEL AISC per-forms the ultimate limit state design, the stability as well as the deforma-tion analysis for members and sets of members according to the two design methods mentioned inANSI/AISC 306-05:

❚ Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

❚ Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

Standard-specific libraries facilitate the design challenge:

❚ Material library according to ASTM

❚ Cross-section library according to AISC and CAN/CSA S16-01

Features

❚ Design for tension and compres-sion, bending and shear, combined actions and torsion

❚ Stability analysis for buckling, tor-sional buckling and lateral torsion-al buckling

❚ Integrated eigenvalue analysis to determine the buckling load and the ideal critical moment for lateral torsional buckling, or analytical so-lution for standardized conditions

❚ Specification of lateral member supports

❚ Cross-section classification: com-pact, noncompact, slender

❚ Cross-section optimization❚ Serviceability limit state design by

checking the deformation❚ Designs for rolled and welded I-, C-

and T-sections, angles, rectangular hollow sections and pipes, round bars and combined L-sections

❚ Metric and imperial units❚ Detailed results documentation

with reference to decisive equations❚ Output of member slenderness and

governing internal forces❚ Filter options for results in tables

and graphic❚ Parts list

When entering design relevant data, you decide if you want to use the ASD or the LRFD method. It is also possible to adjust the intermediate lateral supports, the effective lengths and further design parameters such as the modification factor Cb or the shear lag factor U.

Subsequent to the calculation, the maximum design criteria of each ac-tion are displayed. In addition, the program shows all intermediate re-sults of the various design locations on the member.

All module data is documented in the global RSTAB or RFEM printout report.

STEEL AISC

Selection of members, sets of members, loads and design method

Detailed results output for every designed member

Library for U.S. materials

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RSTAB RFEM


www.dlubal.com Steel

STE

EL

SIA

RF-

STE

EL

SIA

Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design acc.to SIA 263:2003

The add-on module STEEL SIA for RSTAB and RFEM is used to carry out the ultimate and serviceability limit state design according to the Swiss standard SIA 263:2003. You can design members as well as sets of members.

Features

❚ Design for tension, compression, bending, shear and combined actions

❚ Stability analysis for buckling, tor-sional buckling and lateral buckling

❚ Determination of critical buckling loads and of critical moment for lateral torsional buckling by means of integrated FEA program (eigen-value analysis) for general load ap-plications and support conditions

❚ Option for discrete, lateral beam supports

❚ Cross-section classification

❚ Analysis of deformations

❚ Cross-section optimization

❚ Designs for rolled and parameter-ized I-, C- and T-sections, angles, rectangular hollow sections, pipes, round bars and double angles

❚ Import option for buckling lengths from RSBUCK or RF-STABILITY

❚ Comprehensive results documenta-tion with references to the stand-ard's results equations used in the calculation

❚ Output of member slenderness and governing internal forces

❚ Parts list

The RSTAB/RFEM library already contains materials according toSA EN 1993-1-1. In addition, RSCOMBI and RF-COMBI allow for an automatic creation of relevant load combinations in accordance withSIA 260.

In the first table of the add-on mod-ule STEEL SIA you select all load cas-es, groups and combinations that you want to design. If required, you can adjust the preset parameters for the lateral intermediate supports and the effective lengths. For sets of members, it is possible to define indi-vidual supports with eccentricities on each member node.

In the program's background, a spe-cial FEA tool determines the buckling loads and moments that are required for the stability analysis.

The results tables show the maximum design ratios including correspond-ing designs for each designed ac-tion. All detailed results are displayed in extendable tree menus according to specific subjects. Furthermore, it is possible to display the intermediate results for each member location.

The complete module data is part of the printout report of RSTAB or RFEM. You can select the results that you want to include in the output.

STEEL SIA

Selection of members, sets of members and load cases for the design

Results output for maximum stressed cross-sections

Details for stability analysis

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RSTAB RFEM


www.dlubal.comR

F-S

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L IS

STE

EL

ISSteel

Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design acc.to ANSI/AISC 306-05

The Indian standard General Construction in Steel released by the Bureau of Indian Standards repre-sents the basis of this RSTAB/RFEM add-on module. STEEL IS performs the ultimate limit state design and the deformation analysis for mem-bers and sets of members.

Standard-specific libraries facilitate the design challenge:

❚ Material library according toIS 800:2007

❚ Cross-section library for rolled cross-sections according toIS 808:1989

Features

❚ Design for tension, compression, bending, shear and combined ac-tions

❚ Stability analysis for buckling and lateral torsional buckling

❚ Integrated eigenvalue analysis to determine the critical buckling loads and the ideal critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

❚ Specification of lateral member supports

❚ Cross-section classification with de-sign for classes 1 to 3

❚ Serviceability limit state design by checking the deformation

❚ Cross-section optimization

❚ Designs for rolled and welded I-, C- and T-sections, angles, rectangular hollow sections and pipes, round bars and double angles

❚ Stability analysis for buckling and lateral torsional buckling

❚ Parts list

The members, sets of members, ma-terials and cross-sections defined in RSTAB/RFEM are already preset. When you have selected the relevant actions, you can add lateral interme-diate supports and specify effective lengths for buckling and lateral tor-sional buckling to adjust the input to the real situation. For sets of mem-bers, it is possible to define individual supports with eccentricities on each member node.

In accordance with IS 800:2007, sec-tion 3.7, STEEL IS divides the cross-

sections into the classes 1 to 4. The maximum b/t and d/t ratios are de-termined according to table 2.

When analyzing the data, the pro-gram compares the actions' design values with the design values of the maximum resistance. When apply-ing bending and compression to the structural components at the same time, interactions will be considered by the design.

All results are clearly represented in results tables, arranged according to load cases, cross-sections, members, sets of members and x-locations. When you click into a result row, de-tailed design information is available.

STEEL IS

Degrees of freedom and eccentricities of nodal supports in sets of members

Member analysis with detailed results

Library of Indian rolled cross-sections


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CR

AN

EW

AY

Steel

Crane Girder Design acc. to DIN 4132 and DIN 18800

CRANEWAY is integrated in RSTAB/RFEM but can also be used as stand-alone module. The following designs are possible:

❚ Stress design for crane runway and welds

❚ Fatigue design for crane runway and welds

❚ Deformation analysis

❚ Plate buckling design for wheel load introduction

❚ Stability analysis for lateral torsional buckling according to the second-order analysis for torsional buckling

The data is entered in four different tables.

Geometry

You can define the beam length, sup-ports, stiffeners, material (S235 or S355) and cross-sections. The follow-ing cross-section types are available:

❚ I-shaped rolled cross-sections (I, IPE, HE-B, etc., W, M, S, HP, UB, UC and further cross-section tables accord-ing to AISC, ARBED, British Steel, Gost, TU, JIS, YB, GB) can be com-bined with angles, welded chan-nels, rail (SA, SF) or splice having user-defined dimensions a x b.

❚ Unsymmetrical I-sections (Type IU) also with rail and splice

Actions

The actions of up to three cranes op-erating at the same time can be con-sidered by the program. In the sim-plest case you select a crane from the library, but the specifications can also be entered manually.

❚ Number of cranes and crane axes (at most four per crane), center dis-tances, position of crane buffers

❚ Exposure category (B1 to B6)

❚ Lifting class (H1 to H4) or dynamic coefficient

❚ Vertical wheel loads Wmax and hor-izontal loads from the drives' mass forces HM and skew forces HS and S

Imperfections

The use of imperfections follows the first eigenmode that can be ei-ther determined automatically or as-signed manually for each load group. For scaling eigenmodes, comfortable tools complying with DIN 18800 part 2 (rise of precamber) are available.

Calculation

Based on the crane positions, CRA-NEWAY creates load cases and gene-rates load groups with correspond-ing partial safety factors. The calcu-lation is carried out according to the second-order analysis for torsional buckling. By considering imperfec-tions, the stress design also includes a stability analysis against lateral-torsional buckling.

For the deformation analysis and de-termination of support forces, further load groups with characteristic values

are calculated considering the rele-vant dynamic coefficient. The calcu-lation also includes the buckling de-sign, taking into account the local in-troduction of wheel loads according to DIN 18800 part 3.

Fatigue Design

The stress curve of the crane passage is displayed for every stress point and evaluated by the Rainflow method. The result peaks are then compared with the allowable values mentioned in DIN 4132. This method allows for adding stress spans according to DIN 4132 eq. (4) and results in an effi-cient design.

The analysis results are arranged in tables according to different top-ics. In addition to the work window showing the RSTAB/RFEM model, the window for result diagrams can be used for graphical evaluations and design documentation.

CRANEWAY

Input of crane parameters and crane loads

Rainflow method (fatigue design)

Deformations and distribution of internal forces

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RSTAB RFEM


www.dlubal.comR

F-C

ON

CR

ETE

CO

NC

RE

TEReinforced Concrete

Linear and Non-linear Ana-lysis for Cross-sections of Reinforced Concrete with Reinforcement Concept

CONCRETE or RF-CONCRETE Members are RSTAB or RFEM add-on modules used for reinforced concrete design of member elements. The design is carried out for uni- and biaxial bend-ing with axial force as well as shear and torsion according to the follow-ing standards:

❚ EN 1992-1-1 – 2004 (EC 2)

❚ DIN 1045 – 1988

❚ DIN 1045-1 – 2001

❚ ÖNORM B4700 – 2001

Features

❚ Full integration in RSTAB/RFEM with import of all design relevant infor-mation

❚ Determination of longitudinal, shear and torsional reinforcement

❚ Representation of minimum and compression reinforcement

❚ Option to specify secondary and minimum longitudinal reinforce-ment

❚ Free selection of concrete cover

❚ Optional settings for partial safety and reduction factors, neutral axis depth limitation and material prop-erties

❚ Shear design by using default me-thod or variable inclination of con-crete strut

❚ Determination of neutral axis depth, concrete and steel strains

❚ Consideration of biaxial compres-sion stresses

❚ Design of tapered members

❚ Limitation of crack widths for ser-viceability

❚ Iterative non-linear design consi-dering cracked section for stiffness and appropriate redistribution of moments (DIN 1045-1, EC 2)

❚ Considering creep and shrinkage

❚ Considering tension stiffening ef-fects of concrete

❚ Explanation of possible reasons for failed design

❚ Non-linear determination of defor-mations in cracked state (deflec-tions of cracking sections)

Design process

After opening the program, you de-fine the standard or method accord-ing to which the design is carried out. The ultimate and serviceability limit state can be designed according to the linear as well as the non-linear calculation theory. The load cases, groups and combinations are then assigned to the different types of cal-culation.

Further input tables are available for defining material and cross-sections. In addition, you can assign the pa-rameters for creep and shrinkage.

CONCRETE

Reinforcement in 3D rendering

Reinforcement in 3D rendering

Reinforcement proposal for longitudinal reinforcement

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RSTAB RFEM


www.dlubal.com

RF-

CO

NC

RE

TEC

ON

CR

ETE

Reinforced Concrete

Depending on the age of concrete, the modulus of creep and the coef-ficient of shrinkage will be adjusted immediately.

The geometry of supports is deter-mined by design relevant data like support widths and types (direct or indirect, monolithic, end or interme-diate support), redistribution of mo-ments and moment as well as shear force reduction.

The final table consisting of several tabs is provided to enter specific re-inforcement data as diameters, con-crete cover and curtailment type, number of layers, cuts of links and type of anchorage. Members or sets of members can be summarized in special "reinforcement groups", each defined by different design parame-ters.

The reinforcement layout can be de-fined top-bottom, uniformly sur-rounding, in corners or as symmet-rical distribution. Furthermore, it is possible to specify minimum and corner reinforcement, secondary re-inforcement and limits for crack widths. Checking the preset standard specifications completes the input.

Subsequent to the design, CONCRETE lists the results of the required rein-forcement in clearly arranged tables. For traceability purposes, all interme-diate values are displayed, too. In ad-

dition, the cross-section's strains and stresses are represented graphically.

Reinforcement proposals are docu-mented in the same way, with ta-bles including sketches ready for use. The suggested reinforcement can be modified by adjusting, for example, the number of rebars or the anchor-age. All modifications will be updat-ed automatically.

CONCRETE provides a 3D rendering visualization of the concrete cross-section including reinforcement. This allows for useful checking and docu-mentation options when creating re-

inforcement drawings including steel schedule.

With the selected reinforcement, the crack width analysis is carried out for the internal forces governing in the serviceability limit state. The results output includes steel stresses, mini-mum reinforcement, limit diameters, maximum bar spacings as well as crack spacings and crack widths.

As a result of the non-linear calcula-tion, you get ultimate limit states for the cross-section with the defined re-inforcement (determined linear elas-tically) as well as the member's effec-tive deflections considering stiffness-es in cracked state.

Reinforcement group with specifications for longitudinal reinforcement

Moments linear and non-linear

Reinforcement in x-locations with intermediate results

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RSTAB RFEM


www.dlubal.com

Reinforced Concrete Design acc. to Model Column Method

This RSTAB/RFEM add-on module is used for the flexural buckling as well as the fire resistance design for rectangular or circular compression elements according to the model column method.

The design is carried out accordingto EN 1992-1-1, DIN 1045-1 or ÖNORM B 1992-1-1.

Features

❚ Full integration in RSTAB/RFEM with import of geometry and load case data

❚ Creep is considered

❚ Diagram based determination of buckling lengths and slenderness from the restraint ratios of columns

❚ Automatic determination of ordi-nary and unintentional as well as additionally available eccentricity according to second-order analysis

❚ Design of monolithic constructions and precast parts

❚ Analysis for common design ac-cording to DIN 1045-1

❚ Determination of internal forces ac-cording to the linear static and the second-order analysis

❚ Analysis of decisive designed loca-tions along the column due toexisting load

❚ Output of required longitudinal and link reinforcement

❚ Output of design safety

❚ Fire resistance design according to table 31 in DIN 4102-4 or DIN 4102-22

❚ Reinforcement concept with graph-ic display in 3D rendering for longi-tudinal and link reinforcement

❚ Option to dimension longitudinal reinforcement for fire resistance de-sign

❚ Summary of design ratios with op-tion to access all design details

❚ Graphical representation of impor-tant design details in RSTAB or RFEM work window

First, you enter the columns and load cases relevant for the ultimate limit state design and, if necessary, the creep-producing permanent load.The materials and cross-sections defined in RSTAB/RFEM are already preset.

The specifications for the reinforce-ment and its layout as well as the boundary conditions for the fire re-sistance design are entered in a spe-cial table consisting of several tabs.

Finally, you define the parameters of the model columns (e.g. buckling risks, displacement of system, equiva-lent height, end of column).

Subsequent to the design, the design results are clearly arranged showing all result details. In addition to the required longitudinal and shear rein-forcement, the output includes a re-inforcement concept that can be ad-justed.

The columns including their reinfor-cement can be visualized in the 3D rendering as well as in the work win-dow of RSTAB or RFEM.

CONCRETEColumns

Specifications for fire resistance design

Graphical representation of results in the work window with connection to tables

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Single, Bucket and Plate Foundations acc. to DIN 1045-1 and DIN 1045

The add-on module FOUNDATION is used to design single, bucket and plate foundations for all support forces of an RSTAB or RFEM model. The following foundation types are available:

❚ Foundation plate

❚ Bucket foundation with smooth bucket sides

❚ Bucket foundation with rough bucket sides

❚ Single foundation with rough sides

The column can be placed either cen-trically or eccentrically. For assign-ing foundations, it is possible to se-lect the support nodes graphically in RSTAB/RFEM. When the load cases re-quired for the design are defined, the governing load will be determined automatically.

All reinforced concrete designs are carried out according to DIN 1045-88 or DIN 1045-1.

In addition to the support forces from RSTAB/RFEM, the program al-lows for specifying loads to be inte-grated into the foundation's design. These are the following:

❚ Constant surface load, e.g. due to earth covering

❚ Unfavorable constant surface load, e.g. due to traffic

❚ Subsoil water level for considering buoyancy

❚ Vertical and horizontal single loads in any place on the foundation plate

❚ Constant line loads with free ar-rangement on the plate

Designs

The following designs are possible:

❚ Safety against lifting

❚ Safety against ground failure (soil contact pressure)

❚ Safety against overturning (allow-able eccentricity)

❚ Safety against sliding

❚ Safety against bending failure of foundation plate

❚ Safety against punching

FOUNDATION provides a reinforce-ment proposal for the upper and lower plate reinforcement. The pro-gram automatically finds the most favorable reinforcement combina-tion of a mat and added rebars. If re-quired, these bars will be distributed by curtailment across two reinforce-ment areas.

The reinforcement concept can then be adjusted individually:

❚ Select a different mat

❚ Select a different diameter or spac-ing for an added rebar

❚ Free selection of width for reinfor-cement areas

❚ Individual curtailment of reinforce-ments

The foundation's dimensioning can be controlled by parameters.

The calculation results are documen-ted in tables and graphics. The rein-forcement drawings include sections and may be submitted to test en-gineers. All intermediate results are traceable and can be displayed, if de-sired.

The complete foundation including reinforcement and column can bevisualized in the 3D rendering.

In addition, the foundation outline can be represented in the RSTAB/RFEM model. This allows for a quick overview about the foundations'orientation and their positions in the model.

FOUNDATION

Governing design criteria

Reinforcement of foundation in 3D rendering

Reinforcement drawing

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www.dlubal.comTimber

Design acc. to EN 1995, DIN 1052 and SIA 265

The add-on module TIMBER Pro is used for the ultimate and serviceabi-lity limit state design according toEN 1995-1-1, DIN 1052:2008-12 andSIA 265:2003. The fire resistance de-sign according to EN 1995-1-2,DIN 4102-4/A1 and SIA 265 is also available.

Features

❚ Full integration in RSTAB/RFEM with import of all relevant information and internal forces

❚ Comprehensive material librariesaccording to EN 1995-1-1,DIN 1052 annex F and SIA 265

❚ Optional increase of characteristic strength values for gluelam timber according to comments forDIN 1052 table F.9

❚ Specific assignment of structure to service classes and classification of actions into load duration classes

❚ Design of members and sets of members as well as member lists for deformation analysis

❚ Stability analysis according to equivalent member method orsecond-order analysis

❚ Determination of governing inter-nal forces

❚ Info icon for successful or failed de-sign

❚ Visualization of design criteria in RSTAB/RFEM model

❚ Colored reference scales in results tables

❚ Synchronization of tables and RSTAB/RFEM work window when selecting current member graphi-cally

❚ View mode for modifying the view in RSTAB/RFEM


❚ Transfer of optimized cross-sections to RSTAB/RFEM

❚ Parts list and quantity surveying

❚ Direct data export to MS Excel or OpenOffice.org Calc

After opening the module, you de-fine the members or sets of members that you want to design by manual entries or by selecting them graphi-cally. Then you choose the relevant load cases, groups or combinations for the ultimate and the serviceability limit state design as well as the fire resistance design.

The materials defined in RSTAB/RFEM are already preset but can be adjust-

ed in the module. The material prop-erties listed in DIN 1052 annex F are stored in the library.

After checking the cross-sections, you assign the load duration classes (LDC) and the service classes (SECL). They can be assigned by load case or member.

If the stability analysis is carried out according to the equivalent mem-ber method, the effective lengths for

TIMBER Pro

Selection of members, loads and design method

Graphic of structure and stress ratio of selected members

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members and sets of members must be defined. The buckling lengths that are preset with the member lengths can be adjusted directly or by means of β.

For the deformation analysis, the refe rence lengths of the relevant members and sets of members must be specified, considering direction of displacement, precamber and beam type.

For the fire resistance design, TIMBER Pro allows for detailed specifications like the determination of cross-section sides where charring occurs.

Subsequent to the successful de-sign, the results are displayed in de-tail. Every intermediate value can be represented, which makes the design more transparent. The results are list-ed by load case, cross-section, mem-ber or set of members.

If the analysis fails, the relevant cross-sections can be modified in an optimization process. The optimized cross-sections can be transferred to RSTAB/RFEM to calculate them again.

The stress ratio is represented by different colors in the RSTAB/RFEM model so that oversized or cru-cial areas of the structure can be

recognized immediately. In addition, the result diagrams for the member or set of members allow for a specif-ic evaluation.

When designing the cross-section resistance, TIMBER Pro analyzes ten-sion and compression along the grain, bending, bending and ten-sion/compression as well as shear due to shear force with and without torsion. The analysis is carried out with the stresses' design values.

For the serviceability limit state de-sign, the program considers axial compression, bending with and with-out compressive force as well as bending and tension. Furthermore,

the deflection in the characteristic and quasi-permanent design situa-tions is determined for beams and cantilevers.

Separate TIMBER design cases allow for a flexible analysis of specific mem bers, sets of members and ac-tions as well as for individual stability checks.

In addition to the input and results data including design details dis-played in tables, all graphics of stress ratios can be integrated into the global printout report of RSTAB/RFEM. In this way a comprehensible and clearly arranged documentation is guaranteed.

Detailed specifications for the design

Designs by load case: ultimate limit state, serviceability limit state, fire protection

Printout report with graphic and designs

Optimization parameters

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28 Dlubal Engineering Software Software for Statics and Dynamics

RSTAB RFEMRSTAB RFEMwww.dlubal.comComposite

Composite Beam Design acc. to EC 4

COMPOSITE-BEAM allows for the de-sign of continuous composite beams according to DIN V ENV 1994-1-1. The mo dule interacts with the main program RSTAB. However, no RSTAB license is required.

The structure and load data is enter-ed in clearly arranged tables. When starting the calculation, the static system including all boundary con-ditions and loads is generated in RSTAB. Thus, a reliable calculation of internal forces is ensured consider-ing even the ideal cross-section prop-erties. The program analyzes internal forces and carries out all relevant de-signs according to EC 4 in connection with DIN V ENV 1992-1-1 andDIN V ENV 1993-1-1.

The results are displayed in tables, too. Based on the required designs, these tables are clearly arranged, which makes the navigation easier when evaluating results.

Checking the input and evaluating the results is supported by 3D visuali-zation. All graphics can be integrated in the printout report for documenta-tion purposes.

Structure Input❚ Single-span and continuous beams

with definable boundary conditions (supports, releases)

❚ Automatic determination of effec-tive cross-sections

❚ Construction supports for con-struction stage can be freely ar-ranged

❚ Cross-sections of composite beams

❚ Floor structure as- Cast-in-place concrete- Cast-in-place with haunch- Pre-cast concrete slab with in-situ concrete flange- Profiled steel sheeting with in-situ concrete

❚ Rolled cross-sections and singly symmetrical welded I-sections of RSTAB cross-section library

❚ Cross-sections of class 1 and 2 with plastic designs, cross-sections of class 3 and 4 with elastic designs

❚ Cross-sections varying over beam length with and without concrete encasement

❚ Reinforcement of flange and en-case ment varying over beam length

❚ Profile stiffeners, square and round openings in web

Load Input

❚ Free definition of concentrated, lin-ear and linearly variable loads as fixed and variable loads, specifying concrete age on loading

❚ Consideration of freely definable construction loads as well as mov-able construction loads

❚ Automatic load combination

Internal Forces

❚ Calculation of cross-section proper-ties according to method 1 or 2

❚ Calculation of elastic internal forces with RSTAB

❚ Redistribution of moments

Ultimate Limit State

❚ Design for bending and shear force resistance with interaction

❚ Partial shear connection with duc-tile connectors

❚ Determination of required shear connectors and their distribution

❚ Design for longitudinal shear force resistance

❚ Output of governing support reac-tions for construction and compo-site stage including loads of con-struction supports

❚ Design for lateral torsional buckling

Serviceability Limit State

❚ Limitation of crack widths

❚ Check of natural frequency

❚ Deformations and initial precam-bering determined by the ideal cross-section properties from creep and shrinkage

COMPOSITE-BEAM

Results for shear connection with intermediate values

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RSTAB RFEMwww.dlubal.com Dynamics

Analysis of Eigenvibrations

The add-on module DYNAM is used for determining the natural frequen-cies of RSTAB structures. The input data entered in RSTAB will be import-ed automatically.

Features

❚ Consideration of geometric stiff-nesses

❚ Option to apply geometric stiffness matrix with use of tension forces

❚ Import of internal forces of static load cases from RSTAB

❚ Input option for additional node and member masses

❚ Import of nodal or member loads from RSTAB as additional masses

❚ Calculation of up to 10,000 of the lowest eigenvalues

❚ Powerful calculation method ac-cording to the subspace iteration method

❚ Calculation of dynamically acting additional masses

❚ Mass determination of correspond-ing substitute system

❚ Numerical output of eigenvalue, an-gular frequency, eigenfrequency and eigenperiod

❚ Visualization of eigenmodes

❚ Animated graphic display for ei-genmodes with video record

Together with the stiffnesses, masses significantly affect a structure's nat-ural behavior. DYNAM provides ap-propriate modeling options and cal-culation methods for structural plan-

nings fulfilling even specific require-ments.

By considering the net as well as the additional masses, the mass distribu-tion within the structure can be ac-curately represented. The nodal or member forces defined in RSTAB can be imported automatically to be act-ing in direction Z as equivalent addi-tional member masses.

It is possible to control the creation of the mass matrix for the calcula-tion: A consistent mass matrix en-ables the representation of a distrib-uted mass. A diagonal mass matrix represents the structure's masses as

concentrated in its structure nodes.

Axial forces in the geometric stiffness matrix can influence a system's eigen-frequencies decisively. Tensile forces usually increase the natural frequency(like for a stressed violin string). However, as the existence of a par-ticular tensile force level cannot al-ways be presumed or tension forc-es may not generally exist, it is up to the user's decision whether tensile forces are to be considered.

In case axial force values from a stat-ic calculation are already available, they can be transferred automatically from RSTAB to DYNAM.

DYNAM Basic

General data in DYNAM

Eigenmodes of a bridge

Import of additional masses from RSTAB

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RSTAB RFEMRSTAB RFEMwww.dlubal.comDynamics

In addition to the determination of eigenvalues, DYNAM provides the fol-lowing additional calculations:

❚ Node deformations

By default, DYNAM scales the ei-genmodes to the value 1 and lists them member by member. The dis-placement of nodes can be dis-played in a separate table.

❚ Node masses

Depending on the support condi-tions and structural model, struc-ture nodes may freely oscillate. Due to their mass inertia, any additional mass that is assigned will respond with a corresponding dynamic reac-tion which can be taken as a quasi-static mass. This virtual static load equals the additional mass applied to the non-moving structure and is usually unequal to the static mass.

❚ Substitute masses

Substitute masses are general-ly used for slender and high struc-tures. Such a structure is entire-ly reduced to a single-mass oscilla-tor using energy considerations. Its mass is determined for each eigen-frequency. During the calculation, some other values are determined such as the modal masses and the participation factors. The substi-tute masses can be listed as abso-lute sums or as sum of the factors. This allows to see which eigenfre-quency is dynamically relevant for the respective directions and how many eigenfrequencies are needed for the dynamic analysis.

The mass matrix can include the mass from self-weight or even the addi-tional member and node masses. The mass from self-weight is determi ned

by the material data preset in RSTAB. The transfer of additional member and node masses already defined as loads in RSTAB is facilitated by an im-port function.

You can select between a diagonal and a consistent mass matrix to em-phasize either accuracy or speed of the calculation. The calculation al-gorithm allows for an explicit mem-ber division by which more eigenfre-quencies can be calculated without

dividing the members by additional structure nodes.

When including geometric stiffness matrices with stabilizing effects, the corresponding member axial forces can be specified in a special inputtable.

Eigenmodes together with their ani-mation process can be displayed by a photo-realistic representation in the RSTAB work window.

Eigenvalues and eigenfrequencies

Substitute masses

Visualization of eigenmodes with animation option

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RSTAB RFEMwww.dlubal.com Dynamics

Forced Vibration Analysis

This RSTAB add-on module is used to analyze structures for dynamic beha-vior due to external excitation. The excitation functions can be defined by time histories of forces or mo-ments, accelerations (accelerogram) or harmonic functions. Alternatively, the excitation can be specified by de-fining response spectra.

Based on the eigenmodes of DYNAM Basic, the internal and support forc-es, the deformations as well as the deformation speed and acceleration can be determined as time history or extreme values.

Features

❚ Definition of up to 99 excitation cases with option to store them in a library

❚ Tabular loads for entering time-de-pendent forces (single forces and moments)

❚ Accelerograms for excitations of the structure's support nodes by time-dependent accelerations

❚ Harmonic loads for defining a force function f(t) and a moment func-tion m(t) with specifications for amplitude, angular frequency and phase shift

❚ Response spectra for analyzing the structure affected by seismic sup-port node excitation according to the modal-analytical response spec-trum method

❚ Consideration of modal damping

❚ Consideration of initial deforma-tions and velocities

❚ Load factors for different global di-rections

❚ Combination of several indepen-dent excitation force functions in one dynamic load case

❚ Export of all results in user-defined time steps or as decisive enveloping load combination to RSTAB

❚ Option to stress nodes by different excitation types simultaneously

❚ Automatic generation of response spectra considering viscous damp-ing

❚ Damping coefficient for mass and stiffness matrix

❚ Rules for superpositioning in the re-sponse spectrum analysis follow-ing square root of sum of squares (SRSS) or complete quadratic com-bination (CQC)

❚ Efficient Newmark-Wilson integra-tion for determination of dynamic behavior

DYNAM Add. I

Time history analysis of moments My for excitation with accelerogram

Library of accelerograms

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Creation of response spectrum

Harmonic excitation e.g. due to motor

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Equivalent Lateral Loads for Earthquakes acc. to EC 8, IBC 2000/2009 and DIN 4149

This RSTAB add-on module is used to determine horizontal equivalent lat-eral forces for earthquakes according to the following standards:

❚ Eurocode 8: 2004-11

❚ Eurocode 8: 1998-1-1

❚ IBC 2000

❚ IBC 2009-ASCE/SEI 7-05

❚ DIN 4149: 2005-04

❚ DIN 4149: 1981-04

DYNAM Add. II depends on the re-sults of the natural frequency calcula-tion provided by DYNAM Basic.

Proceeding

The standard relevant input parame-ters are preset but can be edited manually. In this way, even standards that are similar to the rules imple-mented in the program can be consi-dered to some extent.

First, the RSTAB model's eigenvalues are calculated. If masses are to be considered for the calculation, they are already taken into account.

Then the calculation parameters are determined according to the selected standard. The direction of the earth-

quake vibrations is freely selectable in all standards but can also be applied automatically in the eigenmode's governing direction.

Similarly, the ordinate value of the design spectrum is freely selectable or can be determined automatically by the program. The design spectrum can be displayed graphically showing also the ordinate's location.

The components in direction X, Y and Z can either be set automatically ac-cording to the standard or manually adjusted by means of factors.

When determining equivalent lateral forces according to EC 8 and DIN 4149,you can select between the design spectrum for linear calculation and the elastic response spectrum.

In case the American standard IBC 2000 is used, the procedures accord-ing section 1617 "Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure" or section 1618 "Modal Analysis Procedure" are available.

The generated equivalent lateral forc-es can be exported to RSTAB. An en-veloping load combination can be created optionally.

DYNAM Add. II

Equivalent lateral forces according to Eurocode 8: 2004-11

Design spectrum according to Eurocode 8

Generated equivalent lateral forces with export option

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Deformation and Deflec-tion Analysis

The add-on module DEFORM is used for the deformation analysis of indi-vidual members as well as complete sets of members defined in RSTAB or RFEM structures.

The allowable limit deformations can be determined in relation to either the undeformed system or the de-formed member ends.

Features

❚ Deflection analysis for members and continuous members

❚ Graphical selection of members and continuous members for design

❚ Limit deformations referring to global, local or resulting member directions

❚ Specification of limit deformations with reference to length of mem-bers or continuous members, alter-natively as absolute deformation values

❚ Handling of several load cases, groups and combinations

❚ Management of designs in different design cases

❚ Automatic determination of go-verning load cases and governing members and continuous members

❚ Free selectable units for lengths and deformations independent of main program RSTAB/RFEM

❚ Integration of deformation analy-ses into global RSTAB/RFEM print-out report

All data is entered in clearly arranged input tables. First, you select the de-sign relevant load cases, groups and combinations. Then you can define the members and sets of members that you want to design either man-ually or graphically. Finally, the re-spective allowable limit deformation is assigned with reference to the de-formed member ends or the unde-formed system.

The results are displayed in a clearly structured table. If the analysis for a

member or a continuous member has failed, it is marked accordingly.

The analyses carried out with DEFORM can be integrated into the global printout report such as the data of all other add-on modules. If necessary, they can be arranged ap-propriately there.

DEFORM has a very short learning curve due to its clear arrangement and proceeding based on engineer-ing requirements.

DEFORM

Selection of load cases, groups and combinations

Specifications for allowable deformations

Deformation analysis for all members and sets of members

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Load Case Generation from Moving Loads

RSMOVE and RF-MOVE are RSTAB/RFEM add-on modules that create different load cases from positions of moving member loads such as of cranes or cars on bridges. When gen-erating these loads, it is possible to create an enveloping load combina-tion additionally.

Features

❚ Generation of up to 9,999 load cas-es from the moving load's single positions

❚ Summarizing moving load positions in one generation case

❚ Option to add loads to load cases already created in RSTAB/RFEM

❚ Generation of load combination to determine the most unfavorable load position

❚ Option to save load specifications in libraries for later use in other structures

The members on which the load runs over can be selected graphically in the RSTAB/RFEM work window. The simultaneous and similar load appli-cation on several sets of members using different load types is possi-ble, too.

To model the load's moving start on the continuous member, the program allows for the exact definition of the first load position. It is also possi-ble to decide whether a moving load consisting of multiple components runs over the end of the continuous

member (like for a bridge) or stops (like for crane runways).

In this way a series of load cases may be created for RSTAB/RFEM whose number can be influenced by specify-ing the increment for the individual load positions.

As load types you can select lin-ear and single forces as well as mo-ments, trapezoidal loads, load pairs and several similar single forces and mo-ments. They can be applied in lo-cal and global directions. To deter-mine the reference lengths, the loads

can be related to the true lengths on the member or the projections in one of the global directions.

When generating moving loads, it is possible to add loads to already exist-ing load cases. In this case, superpo-sitioning loads in the form of a load combination may be unnecessary.

RSMOVE or RF-MOVE is distinguished by its simple input options available in two single tables. Thus, numerous load positions can be created quick-ly and are immediately available for RSTAB or RFEM.

RSMOVE

Sets of members and generation parameters

Generated moving loads

Definition of moving loads


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Generation of Equivalent Geometric Imperfections and Pre-deformed Initial Structures

RSIMP is a powerful RSTAB add-on module used for generating equiva-lent imperfections (equivalent lateral loads) according to Eurocode 2, Eu-rocode 3, DIN 18800 or DIN 1052, or for creating a pre-deformed initial structure in RSTAB.

Depending on the setting, RSIMP evaluates the deformations of an RSTAB load case, buckling modes cal-culated by RSBUCK or eigenmodes determined by DYNAM Basic. The program uses the deformation, buck-ling shape or eigenmode respectively for the imperfection's orientation.

With the general stress design, you can carry out the buckling design for any cross-sections at the same time when applying those generated im-perfections in RSTAB and calculating them according to the second-order analysis.

RSIMP allows for a quick analysis of various imperfection cases to provide the application of equivalent lateral loads in the most unfavorable direc-tion as required in the standards.

Equivalent Imperfections

Inclination as well as camber can be easily determined conforming to standards. Subsequently they are transferred to the RSTAB struc-ture. RSIMP knows the cross-sections' buckling curves described in the Eurocodes or DIN 18800 so that the rise of the precamber can be applied correctly without great efforts.

In the same way, the reduction fac-tors αh and αm or r1 and r2 can be

considered for the exact calcula-tion of the inclination according to Eurocode 3, equation (5.5) or DIN 18800 part 2, el. (205).

Equivalent imperfections can be as-signed to single members as well as to sets of members, which proves to be advantageous especially for pre-cambers.

The generation results are displayed in the table and graphic where they can be checked before they are trans-ferred to an RSTAB load case. After the export, the main module provi desa load case that is independent of RSIMP and can be adjusted, ifnecessary.

Pre-deformed Initial Structures

As an alternative for equivalent later-al loads, an imperfect initial structure is often used for the calculation. This may be helpful for structures com-posed of shells. The inclination and camber are represented in an RSTAB structure that is geometrically in-clined or precambered.

When using such a pre-deformed ini-tial structure, RSIMP scales the node deformations from load cases, buck-ling shapes or eigenmodes by a de-finable ordinate value and addsthem to the non-deformed original structure.

RSIMP

General data with parameters for generation

Generated equivalent imperfections for load case

Generated imperfections for members and sets of members

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Effective Lengths, Buckling Loads, Bifurcation Load Factors

Based on an eigenvalue analysis, the RSTAB add-on module RSBUCK de-termines the buckling shapes of a structure modeled in RSTAB. The pro-gram calculates for each member the structure-specific buckling lengths and loads including the respective critical load. The critical load factor for the entire structure is displayed additionally.

The results from RSBUCK can be used for further stability checks such as the flexural buckling design accord-ing to DIN 18800 in the add-on mod-ule KAPPA. The buckling shapes can also be used for the generation of equivalent imperfections with RSIMP.

Features

❚ Automatic import of structural data and boundary conditions from RSTAB

❚ Optional consideration of tension force effects

❚ Import of axial forces from RSTAB load cases or of user-defined speci-fications

❚ Member by member output of buckling lengths L around weak and strong axis with corresponding buckling length coefficients K

❚ Member by member listing of stan-dardized buckling shapes

❚ Buckling case related output of crit-ical load factor for entire structure

❚ Graphic and animated visualization of buckling shapes on the rendered model

❚ Identification of members free of compression forces

❚ Transfer of buckling lengths, rele-vant buckling coefficients and buck-ling shapes in other RSTAB add-on modules for designs according to Eurocode 3 or DIN 18800 (e.g. flex-ural buckling) or for creating RSTAB imperfections automatically

RSBUCK is distinguished by an easy handling, clear data arrangement and a great user friendliness. With only a few mouse clicks you can de-fine the number of buckling shapes to be calculated as well as the load case that is to be considered. The structural data and boundary condi-tions available in the selected load case are imported automatically. Alternatively you can edit the axial

forces imported from RSTAB or enter new values manually.

Furthermore it is possible to create various RSBUCK cases so that you can carry out several analyses each with different boundary conditions.

The results of the buckling analysis are represented in clearly structured tables and descriptive graphics. In this way a quick and reliable results evaluation is guaranteed.

RSBUCK

Definition of calculation parameters

Graphical representation of a buckling shape in 3D rendering

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Generation of Load Groups and Load Combinations

RSCOMBI and RF-COMBI as add-on modules for RSTAB or RFEM create load groups and load combinations in order to represent various constel-lations of load cases.

The requirements of latest standards include the analysis of diverse actionsfor the ultimate and serviceability limit states. For structures of great dimensions it may be time-consum-ing and error-prone to compose all those load constellations manually. The COMBI module allows for an au-tomatic combination.

Features

❚ Generation of load groups for non-linear calculations (including imper-fections)

❚ Generation of load combinations for linear calculations

❚ Integrated standards:- EN 1990 CEN/CZ- EN 1995- DIN 1055-100- DIN 1052- DIN 18800- ASCE 7- CAN / CSA- ACI 318-08

❚ Option to classify load case as alter-native (i.e. mutually exclusive)

❚ Option to reduce load groups for generation automatically by means of a previous extreme value analysis of linearly calculated results

❚ Option to define imperfection load cases depending on selected regu-lar load cases

❚ Option to use and save user-defined factors in addition to preset factors of standards

❚ Listing generation results sorted by actions or load cases

❚ Clearly arranged results summary including used factors and specifi-cation of actions and load cases

This add-on module imports the load cases created in RSTAB/RFEM, assigns

them to actions conforming to stan-dards and generates all relevant load groups and combinations accord-ing to the selected standard. These groups and combinations are then returned to RSTAB/RFEM where they can be calculated.

As it is not always necessary to ex-port all generated load groups and combinations, it is possible to reduce them either automatically or manual-ly before they will be returned. In this way the calculation is shortened, too.

RS-/RF-COMBI

Specifications for standard as well as design situations

Combination coefficients for EN 1990

Generated load groups listed by actions

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Superimposing Results of Different Structures (Construction Phases)

The RSTAB add-on module SUPER-LC facilitates the challenge to con-sider construction phases with vary-ing structural and loading conditions as they may occur in bridge construc-tion or in other specific fields of civil engineering.

In the modeling process, you create a base structure in the same project but under different structure names. It is then modified according to the construction progress. For defining the super combination, you take into account the various structures with the individual construction or opera-tion phases. The loads are superim-posed in a similar way as for com-mon RSTAB load combinations.

Different construction and operation phases may have different geometric boundary conditions: The structure is supported differently, members may have been added or removed. When determining internal forces, SUPER-LC imports the results of the relevant

structures and superimposes them according to the combination crite-ria. The program compares the re-sults by means of member and node numbers. In case that members have different lengths, SUPER-LC scales the internal forces to a standard length first before they are superimposed.

The combination criteria define the load cases, groups or combinations of a particular structure that you want to consider. It is possible to scale the load cases by factors and to classify them as permanently or con-ditionally acting.

When the structure's relevant load cases have been included in the su-per combination, you can integrate further load cases from another structure (next construction or opera-tional position) in the same way.

For an alternative analysis of differ-ent structures, you can superimpose, for example, the envelopes of the re-spective governing load combina-tions as an Or superposition.

SUPER-LC provides the following standards: Eurocode, DIN 18800, DIN 1045, DIN 1045-1, DIN 1052, ÖNORM, DIN 1055-100. It is possible to adjust or extend these standards.

The results of the superposition are displayed numerically and graphical-ly as envelope and can be integrat-ed into the printout report accord-ingly. In addition, many RSTAB add-on modules allow for the subsequent design of a super combination.

SUPER-LC

Superposition of internal forces from different positions

Results of two load groups and enveloping super combination

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Generating Tower Models with Equipment and Loading

Take advantage of the three power ful add-on modules for RSTAB or RFEM to model complex lattice tower structures including equipment and loading:

❚ TOWER Structure

❚ TOWER Equipment

❚ TOWER Loading

Each of the modules has a clear structure and can be used intuitively.

TOWER StructureThe basic module represents an inno-vative tool for generating 3D tower structures being rather complex in their geometry. Furthermore, you can use this module to adjust already existing structures comfortably.

Features

❚ Generation of triangular, rectangu-lar or square towers

❚ Access to the comprehensive mate-rial and cross-section libraries from RSTAB or RFEM

❚ Easy geometry input by means of tower segments

❚ Databases for vertical, horizontal and inner bracings

❚ Easy export of generated model data to RSTAB/RFEM

First, define the tower type and the cross-sections that you want to use. Then, enter the tower geometry by specifying the tower segments.

It is possible to define the slopes via widths or width changes.

When you have entered the tower poles, you can define various stiffen-ings for the lattice tower. The pro-gram provides detailed specifications for horizontal girts and bracings as well as for vertical bracings of towers having non-identical sides. A compre-hensive library with various types of bracings facilitates the input.

Each input table shows an interac-tive graphic that makes entering the model easier.

When the tower model has been completely generated, the module displays all data in a clearly arranged output table. The output includes all specifications concerning member re-leases and buckling lengths. To check the data graphically, you can use the Viewer function providing a full screen display.

Finally, it is possible to transfer the generated model data of the lattice tower (geometry, cross-sections) to RSTAB or RFEM by mouse click.

TOWER

Input of tower segments with interactive graphic

Library of parameterized bracings

Definition of vertical bracings

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TOWER EquipmentTowers are used as supporting struc-tures for transmitting antennas and further equipment such as platforms, ladders and cable lines that must be taken into account for the design. With this add-on module you can create transmitter towers including all required equipment in no time.

Features❚ Generation of inside and outside

platforms using a comprehensive li-brary with adjustment options due to parametrization

❚ Libraries for tubular extensions and antenna brackets as 2D and 3D constructions placed on selected objects

❚ Antenna groups for evaluation ac-cording to mobile network oper-ators

❚ Selection of different antennas based on databases: parabolic, lense, shell, compact and cuboidal antennas

❚ Parameterized input of inner ducts, cable lines and ladders with inter-active graphic

The various equipment elements are defined in the respective input tables. Extendable libraries and interactive graphics help you to enter the data.Finally, it is possible to transfer all equipment that is structurally effec-tive to RSTAB or RFEM easily.

TOWER LoadingUsing this add-on module, you can create design relevant actions for RSTAB or RFEM. When generating the load, the program considers the tow-er's structural data and equipment that have been previously defined.

The module covers all requirements according to DIN 1055 andDIN V 4131 for self-weight, wind, hu-man, ice and traffic loads. However, you can also create individual load situations.

To export the generated loads to RSTAB or RFEM, use the Export button.

Features

❚ Automatic consideration of the tower's self-weight including equip-ment

❚ Specification of wind load distri-bution for windward and leeward tower faces, or user-defined distri-bution

❚ Determination of wind loads ap-plied to tower and equipment espe-cially for structures prone to vibra-tion (gust factor)

❚ Option to reduce total wind load by selecting single objects

❚ Determination of ice loads for icing classes G and R with automatic specification of ice thickness and length of unidirectional ice increase

❚ Generation of traffic load cases with surface and human loads

Specification of antennas from operator library with interactive graphic

Specifications for ice loads

Specifications for wind pressure and direction of wind loads

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Programmable COM Interface

RS-COM and RF-COM are programm-able interfaces for RSTAB or RFEM based on COM technology. By using these interfaces you can adjust RSTAB or RFEM to your individual needs as customized input macros or follow-up programs can be created.

Due to this add-on module, struc-tures can be created to write new data in there. The same applies to load cases, groups and combinations.

The COM interface consists of an in-struction set that can be integrated in common programming languages like Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Ap-plications (VBA), Visual C++, Delphi, Java and other application develop-ment tools supporting COM technol-ogy. The instruction set provides ob-jects and methods that allow access to RSTAB or RFEM data.

To use RS-COM or RF-COM, you only need an editor, a compiler and some basic programming skills. The object library provided by the interface can be easily included in the editor and is then ready for use. In MS Excel, for example, a VBA editor is already in-tegrated.

In addition to the licenses for RSTAB and RS-COM or RFEM and RF-COM, a valid license for each add-on module whose data is used (STEEL, SUPER-LC) is required in order to be able to work with the COM interface.

Functions

❚ Read and write access to structural and load case data, load and super combinations (RS-COM)

❚ External control of calculation

❚ Option to open, recreate or edit structures

❚ Access to all results such as deforma-tions, internal and support forces

❚ Access to control elements and stresses of STEEL or RF-STEEL Members

❚ Option to intercept possible errors by error messages

❚ Control of views and transfer of graphics to clipboard

❚ Writing results in a RSTAB structure (RS-COM)

Ranges of Application

❚ Structure generators for typical ge-ometries with loads and combina-tions, e.g. for RF-COM: welded steel connections, reinforced concrete floors with openings, silos, column supports

❚ Import and export of data from spreadsheets like MS Excel or MS Access

❚ Connection to various programs compatible with COM technology, e.g. CAD programs

❚ Customized pre- and post-process-ing programs

❚ Preparation and output of data in customized format

RS-/RF-COM

Program for generating a roundhouse and generated RSTAB structure with loads

Program code in the VBA editor MS Excel

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Finite Elements for Plates, Walls, Shells, Solids and Frameworks

RFEM determines the deformations, internal and support forces as well as soil contact pressures of planar and spatial frameworks consisting of members, plates, walls or shells ac-cording to the FE method. Creating combined structures as well as mod-eling solid and contact elements is also possible.

This FEM program is particularly dis-tinguished by its user friendly graphi-cal interface. Due to the use of multi-core processor and 64-bit technology,the efficiency of calculation algo-rithms is especially emphasized.

RFEM is preferred for all applications where internal forces or stresses in thin-walled or solid structures are de-termined. For reinforced concrete design, common structural compo-nents like flat slabs supported by col-umns as well as special construc-tions like cooling towers consist-ing of shells with rotational symme-try can be analyzed by the program, even in combination with members.

For steel design, the program ana-lyzes framework structures as well as connections modeled in detail such as complex frame joints or connec-tions for columns on tanks.

In principle, RFEM has been con-ceived of as software for structural engineering, but it can also be used in other fields like mechanical engi-

neering, plant construction or glass design.

Due to the modular structure of the RFEM program family, various add-on modules are available for design and structural analysis. This allows you to customize the software according to your individual needs.

RFEM is clearly structured. Numerous functions as well as all add-on design

modules can be directly opened on the main menu based on an intuitive tree structure. This is the reason why even beginners can quickly become familiar with the program.

RFEM comes up with a variety of use-ful functions making daily challengesin engineering offices remarkably easier.

RFEM user interface with navigator, graphic and table (engineering office Horn & Horn, Germany)

Convert Nodal Load to Surface Load

Principal moments m1 and m2 with extreme values (office Petschnigg, Graz/Austria)

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RFEM User Interface

❚ Threepart navigator for checking and controlling data, graphic dis-play and results

❚ Integration of Windows capabilities for efficient work (drag-and-drop, context menus, clipboard etc.)

❚ Photo-realistic structure visualiza-tion with 3D rendering to check surface thickness or spatial member orientation

❚ Individual customization of inter-face by specifying colors, font type and size, buttons and style

❚ Equal and synchronized input in graphic display, tables and dialog boxes

❚ Network-compatible Project Man-ager with graphical preview, option for sub-projects, storage in ZIP for-mat, delete function for results and display of editing history

❚ Generation and import of blocks in-cluding loads as parameterized par-tial structures

Modeling

❚ Quick model input by using com-fortable CAD functions, parameter lists and generators

❚ Any kind of combination of lines, arcs, ellipses, polygonal and qua-drangle surfaces, pipes, rotated sur-faces, members, openings, ribs and solids

❚ Surface types for modeling mem-branes, masonry or glass

❚ Eccentricities for surfaces

❚ Copy functions with creation of connecting members and surfaces between original and copy

❚ Guideline and DXF layer technology with snap points for import of CAD templates

❚ Determination of wall and column rigidities for supports

❚ Generation of surface loads from shrinkage

❚ Generation of snow loads(EN 1991-1-3, DIN 1055-5) and wind loads on walls and roofs(EN 1991-1-4, DIN 1055-4)

❚ Conversion of nodal and line loads into area loads

❚ Renumber function

❚ Tool to determine ordinates of sway and precamber according to Eurocodes and DIN standards

❚ Comprehensive and expandable li-brary with all relevant material data sorted by standards and materials

❚ Comfortable conversion of mem-bers into surface elements

❚ Creation of intersections with op-tion to set surface parts inactive

Generation of vaulted heads, with or without loads

Import of block

Generation of wind loads according to EN 1991-1-4

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Calculation

❚ Regenerate function to correct inac-curacies in the model

❚ Powerful FE mesh generator with control option concerning various types of mesh refinements

❚ Consideration of non-linear effects like slippage, yielding and tearing of members or failure of tension springs for elastic supports

❚ Determination of user-defined or plastic material behavior with add-on module RF-MAT NL

❚ Individual assignment of calculation parameters to load cases and load groups

❚ Post-critical analysis

❚ Incremental load application

❚ Use of multi-core processors and 64-bit platforms

❚ Matrix solver method adjustable to hardware and discretization

❚ Superimposing load case results by different criteria like permanent/variable or with "Or" addition

❚ Graphic of displacements during non-linear calculation

Results

❚ Results output in tables and graphicas isosurfaces or isolines and vec-tors

❚ Adjustable filters for results in graphic and tables

❚ User-definable sections on lines, sup ports, through solid elementsor completely free definition

❚ Smoothing ranges for sections to evaluate result diagrams specifically

❚ Comprehensive search function to find objects in the graphic

❚ Free orientation of coordinate sys-tems for input and output to facili-tate results transformation

❚ Adjustable color and value spectra for cross-project use

❚ Availability of result values on every location of a surface or member

❚ Determination of centroid for se-lected objects

❚ Summarizing structural parts in par-tial views with option to put hid-den objects as gray elements in the background

❚ Animation of deformation withvideo recording

Equivalent stresses for solid

Non-linear calculation with info graphic

Internal forces of selected surfaces of a bridge construction with user-defined sections (ELU Konsult AB/Sweden)

❚ Linear calculation according to the linear static analysis or non-linearanalysis according to the second-order analysis (Timoshenko) and the large deformation analysis (Newton-Raphson)

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❚ Automatic pre-allocation of partial views with member types, cross-sections, sets of members

❚ Measuring distances and angles be-tween members and surfaces

❚ Clear arrangement by user-defined comments and dimensionings

Printout

❚ Graphic printout with automatic format adjustment to sheet size or option to scale freely

❚ Structural, loads and results graph-ics automatically available with op-tion for subsequent editing

❚ Library for saving different compa-ny headers

❚ Comprehensive selection options for creating printout individually

❚ Printout in English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Czech, Polish, Hungarian or Slovak, Portuguese and Dutch with option to translate default texts into other languages

❚ Export of printout report including graphics in RTF file or to BauText

Interfaces

❚ Data exchange (import/export) with different programs due to integrat-ed interfaces: STP, DXF, IFC, SDNF, ESF, CFE, FEM

❚ Export and import to MS Excel and OpenOffice.org Calc for each input and output table or for all tables of the structure

❚ Export of results isolines from RFEM and add-on modules in DXF file as basis for creating reinforcement drawings

❚ Option to open files from the framework program RSTAB directly in RFEM to add surface elements

❚ Import of geometry and loads from Glaser ISB-CAD and return of rein-forcement to Glaser subsequent to calculation

❚ Direct CAD integration of Tekla Structures and ProSteel 3D by add-on module RF-COM

❚ Interfaces for IGES, STEP and ACIS (module RX-LINK, surcharge re-quired)

RFEM is also available as 2D program for analyzing planar structures con-sisting of plates, walls or members. It is always possible to change from the 2D to the 3D version.

Result diagrams of sections with smooth range

File formats for data export

Preview in printout report with automated graphics

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General Stress Designs for Members and Surfaces

The add-on module RF-STEEL used for general stress designs with the main program RFEM consists of two parts: RF-STEEL Surfaces allows for the design of surface and shell ele-ments. RF-STEEL Members is used for the design of member elements. The stress design for members has al-ready been described for STEEL.

By comparing existing stresses with limit stresses, it is possible to design also structural parts made from other materials than steel.

Features

❚ Integration in RFEM with import of all required structural information and internal forces

❚ Design and analysis of almost any modeled structural parts

❚ Determination of the following stresses including stress ratios:- normal stresses- shear stresses- equivalent stresses according to

von Mises, Tresca, Rankine or Bach

❚ Optional output of membrane stresses only due to axial loading

❚ Transversal shear stresses in neu-tral axes of surfaces according to Kirchhoff, Mindlin or user-defined specifications

❚ Serviceability limit state design

❚ Option to use different material or element properties as basis for op-timizations

❚ Numerical results output displayed in user-defined grid with colored re-lation scales

❚ Graphical design results displayed on RFEM model with various filter options

❚ View mode for modifying the view in the RFEM work window

The input data required is reduced to a minimum. You only have to se-lect the surfaces and load cases that

you want to design and to check the preset material properties and sur-face data.

The limit stresses can be taken from a comprehensive library, but they can also be modified manually or freely defined. New material properties can be stored in the library for later use in other design cases.

Subsequent to the design, all stresses and stress ratios are available for nu-merical and graphical evaluation.

The results tables and graphics can be integrated into the printout re-port. In this way a clearly arranged documentation is guaranteed.

Due to various combination possibili-ties of surface and member elements in RFEM and the option to analyzethem separately in both RF-STEEL add-on modules, crucial areas like frame joints can be modeled anddesigned as surface elements. The re-maining structure can be designed by member analyses.

RF-STEEL

Selection of surfaces and load cases for ULS design

Equivalent stresses of base plate with surface-related extreme values

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TEReinforced Concrete Design for Plates, Walls, Shells and Members

The add-on module RF-CONCRETE used for the design of reinforced concrete with the main program RFEM consists of two parts: RF-CONCRETE Surfaces allows for the design of surface and shell elements. RF-CONCRETE Members is used for the design of member elements. The design for members has already been described for CONCRETE.

Due to the module's integration into the RFEM user interface, you can pass smoothly from the FE analysis to the reinforced concrete design. The design for bending and axial force as well as shear and torsion is carried out accord-ing to the following standards:

❚ DIN 1045 – 1988

❚ DIN 1045-1 – 2001

❚ EN 1992-1-1

❚ ÖNORM B4700 – 2001

Features❚ Import of relevant information and

results from RFEM❚ Complete and reasonable preset-

ting of input parameters❚ Consideration of relevant code

requirements with control options❚ Free definition of reinforcement

layers (2 or 3 layers)❚ Independent reinforcement on both

surface sides❚ Option to use basic reinforcements

for top and bottom layers❚ Design variety to avoid compression

or shear reinforcement❚ Design with design moments at

column edges❚ Tabular output in freely selectable

grid points with description of non-designable elements

❚ Numerical result values can be add-ed to graphical design results on RFEM model

❚ Analytical serviceability limit state design

❚ Deflection and crack width analysis in cracked state (state II) with add-on module RF-CONCRETE NL (sur-charge required)

After selecting the standard and load cases as well as the material for con-crete and reinforced concrete, the rel-evant design parameters are defined by surface. Reinforcement ratios, re-inforcement layout and standard set-tings can be assigned in detail.

In case the program detects some non-designable locations during the design, it displays the reason for it. In this way it is possible to carry out specific modifications to the model or the design specifications.

Due to the vectorial representation of main stress directions you can adjust

the third reinforcement layer to the actions in an optimal way.

The results are displayed graphical-ly as isolines, isosurfaces or numeri-cal values. Areas covered by the ba-sic reinforcement can be set inactive so that only the additional reinforce-ment is shown.

The isolines can be exported as DXF file and reused in CAD programs where they provide the basis for rein-forcement drawings.

RF-CONCRETE

Definition of reinforcement layout in two different reinforcement groups

Reinforcement - numerical output for both directions, in sections and in isosurfaces

Reinforced Concrete

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Design of Punching Shear Resistance

The RFEM add-on module RF-PUNCH is used for the design of punching shear resistance for surfaces support-ed by columns or nodal supports. The governing punching load is auto-matically determined from the exist-ing load.

RF-PUNCH allows for a quick punch-ing shear design without entering lots of data. The following standards are available:

❚ EN 1992-1-1

❚ DIN 1045-1 – 2001

❚ DIN 1045 – 1988

❚ ÖNORM B4700 – 2001

❚ ÖNORM B1992-1-1

Concentrated loads represent anoth-er possibility to apply punching loads to a plate.

Input

After opening the module, the mate-rials and surface thicknesses defined in RFEM are already preset. If neces-sary, missing nodes can be selected manually or graphically.

Openings near areas bearing the risk of punching shear are either known from the RFEM model or can be spe-cified additionally in RF-PUNCH so that the model's stiffness won't be affected. These openings can be de-fined in the surface graphically as rectangular or circular sections.

As parameters of the longitudinal re-inforcement, the number and direc-tion of layers as well as the concrete cover are defined by surface, sepa-rately for the plate's top and bottom sides.

Detailed specifications for the nodes of punching shear complete the data input, e.g. applicable perimeters, lon-gitudinal or punching shear rein-forcement. For reasons of clarity, the program always shows the surface including the relevant node in the info graphic.

In addition, you have access to the design software of HALFEN-DEHA (HDB), a German producer of shear rails.

DesignsThe punching shear designs are clear-ly arranged and represented with all result details in order to guaran-tee traceability. RF-PUNCH shows the governing punching loads, the exist-ing and allowable shear stresses for the plate's design shear resistance as well as the different sections and re-inforcement ratios. If required, a de-scription is indicated.

In another output table, the program lists the required longitudinal and punching shear reinforcements for each analyzed node.

As RF-PUNCH is integrated in RFEM, further nodes of punching shear are known in the surface. Therefore it is possible to carry out an interference check of the determined sections with the sections of the adjacentcolumns.

Finally all design results in the RFEM work window are available for graph-ical evaluation.

RF-PUNCH

Input of details for nodes of punching shear with overview graphic

Representation of required punching shear reinforcement in RFEM work window

Reinforced Concrete

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Analysis of Eigenvibrations

The RFEM add-on module RF-DYNAM allows for a quick and comfortable analysis of eigenfrequencies for struc-tures consisting of members or sur-faces as well as for combined struc-tures. All required input values can be imported from RFEM automati-cally.

To determine up to 1,000 of the low-est eigenvalues, the following power-ful equation solvers are available:

❚ Method by Lanczos

❚ Sub space iteration method

❚ ICG - iteration method

Features

❚ Automatic consideration of masses from self-weight

❚ Option to affect the geometric stiff-ness matrix due to axial forces of a load case or group

❚ Consideration of prestress forces

❚ Option to determine additionalnodal, line, member and surface masses

❚ Automatic consideration of loads as masses

❚ Control option for standardization of eigenmodes

❚ Option to control the internal divi-sion of members

❚ Calculation of dynamically acting additional masses

❚ Determination of eigenvectors and masses in FE mesh points

❚ Output of equivalent mass factors

❚ Numerical output of eigenvalue, an-gular frequency, eigenfrequency and eigenperiod

❚ Visualization of eigenmodes

❚ Animated graphic display for eigen-modes with option for video re-cording

❚ Documentation of numerical and graphical results from the analysisof eigenfrequencies in the global RFEM printout report

Together with the stiffnesses, masses significantly affect a structure's natu-ral behavior. RF-DYNAM provides ap-propriate modeling options allowing for a structural planning close to re-ality. By considering the net and ad-ditional masses, the mass distribu-tion within the structure can be accu-rately represented.

As axial forces may have an endur-ing influence on the structure's natu-ral frequencies, the program is able to consider these effects.

RF-DYNAMBasic

General data in RF-DYNAM

Eigenmodes of bridge

Eigenvibrations of a chimney

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Forced Vibration Analysis

The RFEM add-on module RF-DYNAM Add I is used for the dynamic structure analysis concerning external excitation. You can define various excitation functions by time histories of forces or moments, accelerations (accelerogram) or harmonic loads. The excitation can also be described by specified response spectra.

Using the eigenmodes calculated in RF-DYNAM Basic, the following values and forces are determined as time histories or extreme values: internal forces of members, surfaces and solids, nodal and line support forces, deformations, deformation velocities, surface contact stresses and solid stresses.

Features

❚ Definition of up to 99 excitation cases that can be stored in libraries to use them in other structures

❚ Input of tabular loads to determine time-dependent single forces and moments

❚ Forced vibration analysis based on time history analysis or response spectrum method

❚ Accelerograms for excitations of nodal and line supports by time-dependent accelerations with transformation option

❚ Harmonic loads for defining a force function f(t) and a moment function m(t), specifying amplitude, angular frequency and phase shift

❚ Response spectra for analyzing the structure affected by seismic sup-port node excitation according to the modal-analytical response spec-trum method

❚ Consideration of initial deforma-tions and velocities

❚ Load factors for different global di-rections

❚ Combination of several independ-ent excitation force functions in one dynamic load case

❚ Option to stress nodes or lines by different excitation types simulta-neously

❚ Export of all results in user-defined time steps or as decisive enveloping load combination to RFEM

❚ Automatic generation of response spectra considering viscousdamping

RF-DYNAMAdd. I

Basic internal forces of excitation due to harmonic loads

Excitation case - response spectrum

Accelerogram Library

Creation of response spectrum

❚ Damping coefficient for mass and stiffness matrix

❚ Rules for superpositioning in the response spectrum analysis follow-ing square root of sum of squares (SRSS) or complete quadratic com-bination (CQC)

❚ Efficient Newmark-Wilson integra-tion for determination of dynamic behavior

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Equivalent Lateral Loads for Earthquakes acc. to EC 8, IBC 2000/2009 and DIN 4149

This RFEM add-on module is used to determine horizontal equivalent lat-eral forces for earthquakes according to the following standards:

❚ Eurocode 8: 2004-11❚ Eurocode 8: 1998-1-1❚ DIN 4149: 2005-04❚ DIN 4149: 1981-04❚ IBC 2000❚ IBC 2009/ -ASCE/SEI 7-05

RF-DYNAM Add. II depends on the results of the natural frequency cal-culation provided by RF-DYNAM Basic.

Proceeding

The standard relevant input parame-ters are preset but can be edited manually. In this way, even standards that are similar to the rules imple-mented in the program can be consi-dered to some extent.

The relevant masses are part of the calculation when analyzing the RFEM model's eigenvalues. The standard-specific parameters are defined in a separate input table of the dynamic module. The direction of the earth-quake vibrations is freely selectable, but they can also be applied auto-matically in the eigenmode's govern-ing direction.

Similarly, the ordinate value of the design spectrum can be freely

selected or automatically determined by the program. The design spectrum can also be displayed as a graphic in-cluding the ordinate's location.

The components in direction X, Y and Z can either be set automatically ac-cording to the standard or manually adjusted by means of factors.

When determining equivalent lateralforces according to EC 8 and DIN 4149, you can select between thedesign spectrum for linear calculation

RF-DYNAMAdd. II

Equivalent lateral forces according to Eurocode 8

Design spectrum according to Eurocode 8

Generated equivalent lateral forces with export in RFEM load case

and the elastic response spectrum.

In case the American standard IBC 2000 is used, the procedures accord-ing section 1617 "Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure" or section 1618 "Modal Analysis Procedure" are avail-able.

The generated equivalent lateral forc-es can be transferred to RFEM by us-ing the export function. An envelop-ing load combination can be created optionally.

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RSTAB RFEM


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F-IM

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Equivalent Geometric Imperfections andPre deformed Initial Structures for RFEM

The RFEM add-on module RF-IMP creates imperfections as equivalent lateral loads for members or prede-form ed initial structures for surfaces.

If these generated imperfections are considered in a non-linear calculation according to the second-order analy-sis, stability analyses for frameworks and shell structures can be carried out comfortably in RFEM.

Features

❚ Imperfections for members as equivalent loads according to Eu-rocode 2, Eurocode 3, DIN 1045-1, DIN 18800 and DIN 1052

❚ Consideration of reduction fac-tors αh and αm or r1 and r2 as well as of rise of precamber depend-ing on buckling curves according to Eurocode 3, equation (5.5) or DIN 18800 part 2, el. (205)

❚ Generation of imperfections inaccordance with- deformations of a load case- buckling shapes from RF-STABILITY- eigenvibrations from RF-DYNAM

❚ Generation of imperfections for sin-gle members or several members as set of members (e.g. columns con-sisting of several members)

❚ Generation of surface and member imperfections by displacing all FE mesh nodes or only the RFEM struc-ture nodes

❚ Comfortable assignment of pre-deformed initial structures when defining new load groups with-out the need for calculating a new structure

❚ Visualization of generated imper-fection modes in RFEM user inter-face

❚ Option to carry out buckling de-signs according to second-order analysis with RF-STABILITY andRF-STEEL

RF-IMP

General data in RF-IMP

Buckling shape from RF-STABILITY (above) and corresponding pre-deformed structure in RF-IMP (below)

Consideration of imperfections from RF-IMP for a load group in RFEM

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Critical Load Factors and Buckling Modes for RFEM Structures

The RFEM add-on module RF-STABILITY determines the critical load factors and corresponding buckling shapes for frameworks and shell structures. They are required for the stability analysis which is important, together with the general stress analysis, for structural components subjected to compression.

The structure's stability risk is re pre-sented by the critical load factor of the entire system. The respective buckling mode gives you information about the risk-bearing area in the structural model.

Features

❚ Simultaneous determination of se-veral buckling shapes in one calcu-lation run

❚ Automatic import of the axial forces of a load case or group from RFEM

❚ Option to consider favorable effects due to tension

❚ Option to consider a load case's axi-al forces as prestress

❚ Direct control option to determine axial forces according to non-linear calculation (Newton-Raphson)

❚ Option to reduce stiffness by means of partial safety factor γM

❚ Powerful equation solvers to deter-mine eigenvalues according to sub-space iteration method for default cases or ICG iteration method for complex structures with high me-mory requirements

❚ Tabular output of critical load fac-tors and corresponding buckling modes

❚ Visualization of buckling mode as isosurfaces or isolines in the RFEM user interface

❚ Basis for calculation with imperfect equivalent structures in RF-IMP

It is possible to calculate up to 1,000 stability eigenvalues at the same time which are sorted by critical load fac-tors in the output table later. In this way you can evaluate the governing failure modes of the analyzed struc-ture. Due to the graphical represen-tation of buckling modes you can easily recognize the areas bearing in-stability risks. This allows for intro-ducing structural provisions counter-acting these failure modes.

RF-STABILITY proves to be particularly useful for analyzing structures bear-ing risks for buckling such as slen-der beams or thin-walled shells. On the one hand, you can quickly evalu-ate the structure concerning its gene-ral instability risk (buckling and late-ral torsional buckling) by checking the critical load factor. On the other hand, it is possible to deduce appli-cations for imperfections from the critical (lowest) eigenvectors.

RF-STABILITY

General data: parameters for stability analysis

Critical load factors of cantilever with buckling shapes in RFEM workspace

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RSTAB RFEM


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Soil-structure Interaction Analysis

The representation of soil conditions as elastic foundations has a great in-fluence on the structural analysis of buildings. To simplify the design, a rigid support is often presumed or a surface elastic foundation with uni-form stiffness along the entire floor slab (e.g. according to the Winkler foundation model) is applied.

The add-on module RF-SOILIN takes into account the results of a subsoil expertise for the structural analysis. In this way the interaction between structure and soil can be considered realistically.

The foundation coefficients can be determined according to the follow-ing standards:

❚ EC 7

❚ DIN 4019

❚ CSN 731001

RF-SOILIN allows for settlement cal-culations based on exploration dril-lings. The results are used to calcu-late the corresponding foundation coefficients for each finite element. The program is able to consider sev-eral different layers of soil atany definable recording point. Asbasis for the settlement calculation you can select either the stiffness modulus or the modulus of elastici-ty in connection with the Poisson's ratio. Furthermore, it is possible to freely define the subsidence basin.

Features

❚ Expandable library for soil constants

❚ Consideration of several soil sam-ples (probes) at different locations, even outside the building

❚ Consideration of groundwater as well as side effects due to excava-tion and rock at last layer

❚ Calculation of elastic foundation coefficients in finite elements

❚ Determination of stress diagrams in direction Z and of settlements in grid points

❚ Calculation of settlement values on the basis of freely selectable load case or group

❚ Efficient design of floor slabs and buildings due to consideration of realistic soil conditions

❚ Calculation of stress diagrams in di-rection Z according to elastic half-space theory

RF-SOILIN

Definition of soil layers for individual soil samples

Results: Stresses and settlements, elastic foundation coefficients in RFEM work window

Definition of subsidence basin

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RF-

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Other

Design of Glass Surfaces

The add-on module RF-GLASS fa-cilitates the deflection analysis and stress design for laminated or insulat-ed glass. As this module is integrat-ed in RFEM, many functions can be shared.

RF-GLASS allows for analyzing the following glazing types:

❚ Tempered or laminated safety glass with layer structure

❚ Double glazing consisting of sin-gle panes or laminated safety glass with enclosed gas layer

Layer Structure and Materials

The pane structure can be defined freely. You can select between three layer types: glass, foil and gas. The program includes a comprehensive li-brary with all common types of glass, laminated material and gases accord-ing to DIN EN 572-1, E DIN EN 13474, DIN 1249-10 and DIBt approval.

It is possible to edit the materials' thickness as well as its parameters. For panes consisting of laminated glass, you can consider the laminat-ing foil's shear capacity according to the sandwich theory. According to the DIBt guidelines, it is not allowed to take into account the shear cou-pling's favorable effects between the layers. For insulating glass, however, the design with complete shear cou-pling is allowed. RF-GLASS provides both designs.

Design

Panes of tempered and laminated safety glass without gas layer can be designed linearly (linear static analy-sis) or non-linearly (large deformation analysis).

Insulating glazings with gas lay-ers are represented by special sol-ids. They are calculated by iterations according to the large deformation analysis (Newton-Raphson).

Subsequent to the calculation, the displacements, stresses and princi-

pal axis orientations are displayed for each glass layer at top and bottom sides.

Climatic Loads

For insulating glass you can consid-er climatic load parameters. They are subdivided in summer loads (temper-ature, atmospheric pressure and alti-tude for manufacturing and mount-ing) and winter loads (external glass side, load distribution on external and internal glass sides).

RF-GLASS

Definition of glass and gas layers for insulating glass

Results: Stresses in glass layers

Import of foil from material library

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RSTAB RFEM


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FEA Calculations consider-ing Different Stages

The add-on module RF-STAGES for RFEM and RSTAB is used to calculate framework structures by taking into account the sequence of construc-tion.

Features

❚ Easy definition of structural condi-tions for the RFEM/RSTAB structure including visualization

❚ Adding and removing members as well as modifying member proper-ties such as end releases or degrees of freedom for nodal supports

❚ Optional superposition of stages with additional temporary loads, for example for construction load cases

❚ Consideration of non-linear effects due to failed members, foundations or supports

❚ Results display for individual struc-tural stages or as envelope (Max/Min) of all construction stages

Input

When the creation of a structure has been completed in the main program, you can assign individu-al structural components as well as load cases and load groups to the respective structural stages. Within these stages, you can modify the re-lease definitions of members and supports in order to represent system modifications such as the step-by-step compound of bridge beams or column settlements.

The load cases and groups created in RFEM/RSTAB are subdivided into Permanent Loads and Temporary Loads. For temporary loads, you can even create load combinations. In this way it is possible, for example, to determine the maximum internal forces from different crane positions or to consider construction loads that are effective only in one construction stage.

Calculation

Permanent Loads are analyzed suc-cessively according to the non-line-ar theory by Newton-Raphson (large deformation analysis) for each struc-tural stage. If geometric differences occur between the ideal system and the system that has been deformed because of the previous stage, they will be compensated internally. When analyzing the structure, the new structural system is applied to the al-ready stressed system of the previ-ous stage.

Results and Export

Subsequent to the calculation, you can evaluate the results of the indi-vidual stages in tables or graphically in the RFEM/RSTAB model.

The module also provides an export function so that the results can be used in further designs: For example, you may use the exported internal forces of members in steel or rein-forced concrete designs. Alternatively, the data can be exported to MS Excel or OpenOffice.org Calc.

RF-STAGES

Representation of a structural stage in the RFEM/RSTAB work window

Internal forces of a construction stage

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Cross-Sections


www.dlubal.com Cross-Sections

Cross-section Properties and Stress Analysis

The stand-alone module SHAPE is a powerful tool for determining the cross-section properties and stresses of any thin-walled cross-section.

The main programs RSTAB and RFEM can interact with the module so that the cross-section properties determi-ned by SHAPE are available in the framework or FEM program. It is also possible to import internal forces from RSTAB or RFEM for furtherdesign.

Data can be entered in the graphic or table. A DXF import is also possi-ble. In addition, the module can be controlled by using a special external COM interface.

Determination of Cross-section Properties and Stresses

❚ Possible cross-section shapes

Open, closed, connected or non-connected partial cross-sections (e.g. cores of high-rise buildings)

❚ Section properties: - Cross-sectional area A- Shear areas Ay, Az, Au, Av

- Centroid position yC, zC

- Moments of inertia Iy, Iz, Iyz, Iu,Iv, Ip, IpM

- Radii of gyration iy, iz, iyz, iu, iv, ip, ipM

- Inclination of principal axes α - Cross-section weight G - Section perimeter U - Torsional constants J, JSt. Ven., JBredt,

Jsecondary

- Location of shear center yM, zM

- Warping constants IωC, IωM or IωD

- Max./min. section moduli Sy, Sz, Su, Sv, SωM with indication of position in cross-section as well as St

- Section ranges ru, rv

- Reduction factor λM

❚ Plastic section properties:

- Axial force Npl,d

- Shear forces Vpl,y,d, Vpl,z,d, Vpl,u,d, Vpl,v,d

- Bending moments Mpl,y,d, Mpl,z,d, Mpl,u,d, Mpl,v,d

- Section moduli Zy, Zz, Zu, Zv

- Shear areas Apl,y, Apl,z, Apl,u, Apl,v

- Area bisection coordinates fu, fv

- Inertia ellipse

❚ Statical moments and warping statical moments:

- Static moments Qu, Qv with indi-cation of maxima as well as posi-tion and direction of shear flow

- Warping ordinates ωM

- Warping areas Qω,M

- Cell areas Am

❚ Stresses:

- Normal stresses σx due to axialforce, bending moments and warping bimoment

- Shear stresses τ due to shear for-ces as well as primary and second-ary torsional moments

- Equivalent stresses σeqv with stress ratio of allowable stress

❚ Shear wall section properties of non-connected cross-sections with indication of forces from bending and torsion

❚ Plastic calculation with determina-tion of enlargement factor αpl

❚ Calculation of effective cross-sections according to EN 1993-1 and DIN 18800

❚ Checking (c/t) ratios by using the analysis methods el-el, el-pl or pl-pl according to DIN 18800

The cross-sections are modeled by means of nodes, single or polygonal elements, arcs and point elements. In addition, parameterized rectangular and circular hollow sections as well as a comprehensive library offering rolled and welded cross-sections are available.

SHAPE

Determination of effective cross-section properties according to EN 1993-1 with classification

Import of a DXF template

Cross-section library

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Cross-Sections


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PE

Due to the use of point elements, cross-sections can be modeled accu-rately. Elements like roundings, rec-tangles, circles or triangles can be added or removed. Even the rolled cross-sections from the library al-ready provide appropriate point ele-ments.

Elements can be divided or graphi-cally connected to other elements or cross-sections. SHAPE is able to di-vide the elements automatically en-suring, by means of dummy ele-ments, that the shear flow won't be interrupted.

Features

❚ Modeling of roundings by using arc elements

❚ Controllable treatment of overlaps for calculation

❚ Option to divide cross-sections into elements and to arrange elements in groups as cross-sections

❚ Import of member internal forces from RSTAB and RFEM

❚ Access to material properties, yield and limit stresses of an extendable library

❚ Option to define yield stress and limit stresses depending on mem-ber thickness

❚ Stress analysis for primary and sec-ondary torsional moments as well as warping bimoments

❚ Calculation of ideal cross-section properties for cross-sections con-sisting of different materials

❚ Determination of effective widths and classification according toEN 1993-1

❚ Option to select particular table rows for display

❚ Data exchange with MS Excel for table import and export

❚ Printout report with option for a short form printout on one page

❚ Export of printout report in RTF file or to BauText

The plastic stress design considering plastic interactions is carried out ac-cording to the Simplex method. The yield hypotheses can be selected ac-cording to Tresca or von Mises. As

Composite cross-section

Plastic resistance with interaction: normal stresses σx, plastic normal stresses σx,pl

SHAPE also can check (c/t) limit val-ues, the program provides for a com-plete design. The (c/t) cross-section parts of continuous elements are rec-ognized automatically.

You can access the cross-sections calculated by SHAPE from RSTAB and RFEM as well as from all add-on modules. In addition to the rel-evant cross-section properties, the programs import the cross-section-al geometry so that the cross-section can be visualized appropriately in the RSTAB or RFEM rendering.

Library cross-section with point elements

Shear wall system

Short form printout of combined cross-section

Cross-Sections

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Connections


www.dlubal.com Steel

Design of Bolted Rigid End Plate Connections

FRAME-JOINT is an add-on module for RSTAB or RFEM, creating and clas-sifying rigid bolted connections be-tween columns and girder beams. The bending-resistant bolt connec-tions are analyzed by using the ulti-mate load design method (determin-ing the plastic load capacities accord-ing to DIN 18800), following the plastic analysis method of EC3, an-nex J.

To model efficient connections, stif-feners, column web strengthenings and backing plates are only provided when they are required for bearing the possible limit load.

Structural Features

❚ Modeling of inclined and right-an-gled frame joints as knee joint

❚ Option to flush end plate joints

❚ Easy input of taper geometry

❚ Column and beam cross-sections from normal or center-cut rolled girders and/or singly or double sym-metrical welded girders

❚ Bolts with strength grade 4.6, 5.6, 8.8 or 10.9 with shank or thread in shear plane

❚ User-defined hole clearance for drilled or punched holes

❚ Bolt spacing: invariably equidistant or equidistant and iteratively ad-justed (reduced) or setting option for height of tension zone

❚ Two vertical bolt rows, number of horizontal rows only limited by web height (tension zone)

❚ Optimal determination of joint ge-ometry, plate thickness, backing plates, stiffeners, supplementa-ry web plates, diagonal stiffeners, welds

❚ Optional thickness specification for beam end plate, backing plate and diagonal stiffener as well as obliga-tory arrangement of web stiffeners and supplementary web plates

Designs acc. to DIN 18800

❚ Beam end plate and column flange according to plastic hinge theory

❚ Bolts for tension, including contact forces

❚ Bolts for shearing

❚ Tension force introduction in col-umn and beam web

❚ Buckling design for gusset plate

❚ Shear design for gusset plate

❚ Introduction of compressive force into column web and buckling de-sign for web plate

❚ If necessary, design for diagonal and web stiffener as well as web strengthening

❚ Compression force introduction in beam

Design According to Euro-code 3

❚ Classification of connection con-cerning its stiffness and load bear-ing capacity (moment-rotation characteristics)

FRAME-JOINT

General data

Hole layout of bolts

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Connections


www.dlubal.comFR

AM

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T Integration in RSTAB/RFEM

The members which should be con-nected can be selected graphically by clicking their nodes. In addition to material, cross-sections and inclina-tion angle, FRAME-JOINT imports the corresponding internal forces of the relevant nodes. Interactive remarks facilitate the selection.

The input and results data are clear-ly arranged in tables according to their subjects. At any time, it is pos-sible to make modifications to nodes, bolts, cross-sections or load cases, if selected. In addition to the compre-hensive RSTAB or RFEM cross-section library, a database with bolts includ-ing all details of the bolt's elements is available.

Solver Options

In the first results table, all connec-tion options determined from the structural specifications can be seen in order to select the most efficient one. Interactive comments indicate the cause for failed designs and sug-gest corrections.

The parts list shows the most impor-tant design features:

- Number of bolts

- Thickness of required backing plates, diagonal and web stiffen-ers as well as supplementary web plates for beam and column

All solver options are represented as design drawings true to scale of the frame joint.

Designs

Subsequent to the solver options, a clearly arranged and detailed results output is given.

As the design is based on analytical formulas according to the calculation methods mentioned in DIN 18800, the results including initial and in-termediate values can always be checked manually.

❚ Clear arrangement of governing in-ternal forces from results on select-ed node

❚ Comparison of design loading and design capacity

❚ Output of all design relevant initial and intermediate values

❚ Representation of all structural components with interactive ima-ges from different perspectives in-cluding dimensions

❚ Indication of failed designs

❚ Clear representation of connection classification

❚ Determination of rotational spring stiffness for frame joint, if required

❚ Printout report of input and result values from tables including graph-ics

Further Features

❚ Design of negative and positive mo-ments

❚ Determination of a similar frame joint for the internal forces on seve-ral nodes

❚ Representation of frame joint includ-ing all structural components in 3D rendering

❚ Accurate geometry determination with interference check to ensure mounting of connection

❚ Printout of geometry in full detail for design engineer with dimensi-ons of components and hole layout

❚ Option to consider the determined rotational spring stiffness for calcu-lation of internal forces

Design internal forces

Frame joint in 3D rendering

Selection of solver options

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Connections


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EN

D-P

LATERigid End Plate Connec-

tions acc. to DIN 18800 Part 1 DASt/Valtinat

The add-on module END-PLATE cal-culates bending-resistant end plate connections with high strength fric-tion grip bolts and rigid weld con-nections for members according to DIN 18800 part 1.

END-PLATE provides a design and dimensioning mode for bolts, end plates and all welds of the connec-tion. You can design the connections of double and singly symmetrical I-sections for an uniaxial acting mo-ment with axial and shear force.

Features

❚ Calculation of two- or four-row bending-resistant end plate con-nections with flush or extended end plates according to DIN 18800 part 1

❚ Calculation taking into account, contrary to the guidelines of the DSTV (German Steel Construction Association), also axial forces (in-ternal forces My, N, Vz) and free-ly definable, singly symmetrical I-sections

❚ Option to calculate an exclusive axi-al force tension joint

❚ Separate design option for welds of connection with indication of recom mended values according to DIN 18800 part 1

❚ Automatic dimensioning of bolts, end plates and welds or specifica-tion of constant values for flange and fillet welds as well as end plate thickness

❚ Cost-efficient dimensioning due to complete use of available cross-sec-tion reserves

❚ Efficient weld thicknesses as well as thicknesses of end plates appropri-ate to loading due to design with complete interaction of moment, shear and axial force

❚ Output of the minimum required prestress forces for serviceability limit state design

❚ Photo-realistic representation of end plate with cross-section, bolts, weld and dimensioning including printout option

Due to the integration in RSTAB and RFEM, subsequent modifications to the structure or load are automatical-ly adjusted for the connections set in the module.

The nodes for the design can be se-lected graphically in the model. END-PLATE recognizes the cross-sections and their dimensions automatically. As the program determines also the

governing internal forces from the load cases selected for the design, no manual input of internal forces is re-quired.

For connections at different loca-tions, it is possible to select a struc-tural, standardized connection type.

An error list shows the non-design-able elements or the recommenda-tions that haven't been followed. The output is represented in the global printout report of RSTAB/RFEM, avail-able as well-arranged short or full version.

END-PLATE

Selection of members and assignment of member sides

Output of weld details

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Connections


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Shear Connections acc. to DIN 18800

The add-on module CONNECT is used to dimension typical shear connec-tions for members in steel construc-tion for the design according to DIN 18800. I-sections can be connected with a

❚ web cleat on one or both sides,

❚ end plate,

❚ seating cleat and end plate to fix position.

CONNECT is completely integrated in RSTAB or RFEM and provides a com-fortable graphical selection option for the members to be designed. The connections are dimensioned by the program or designed for user speci-fications concerning member thick-nesses, welds as well as hole spacing and edge distances. The entries are automatically checked regarding the applicable minimum distances and recommended weld thicknesses.

The bolts' strength grades 4.6, 5.6, 8.8 and 10.9 can be selected for the sizes M12 to M36 as precision or black bolts. The connections can be carried out with the steel grades S 235 and S 355.

The connection is clearly represent-ed in the documentation of the print-out report. The report includes also a three-dimensional construction graphic.

Connection with Web Cleat

A beam's hinged shear connection (optionally with axial force) to a col-umn or a supporting girder by means

of one or two web cleats is designed according to DIN 18800 part 1. The calculative zero point of moments is set into the weld of the cleat on the load-bearing member. The cleat con-nection is then modeled as bending-resistant and finally will be designed.

Features

❚ Design of welds and cleats for stress

❚ Selection of fillet welds or single bevels

❚ Design of bolts, web cleats and beam for hole bearing and shear

❚ Adjustable limitation of cleat di-mensions

❚ Connection with only one bolt ac-cording to DIN 18800 part 1, el. (807) is possible

❚ Connection can be designed for ax-ial force only (tension joint), shear force only or a combination of shear and axial forces

Connection with End Plate

If this type of connection is selected, an end plate is used to transfer the shear force to the load-bearing mem-ber. The plate can only be welded on a flange, on both flanges or on the web.

❚ Bolt design for shear and hole bearing

❚ Weld design

❚ Design of load introduction into beam according to DIN 18800, el. (744)

Connection with Seating Cleat

The shear force is transferred by means of a seating cleat welded on the load-bearing member. The beam is additionally secured by an end plate connection.

❚ Design of all bolts and of connec-tion weld

❚ Design of ultimate stabilizing mo-ment MT from transverse load

CONNECT

General data for selection of connection type

Connection with end plate

Connection with seating cleat and end plate

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Connections


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DS

TVTypified Connections in Steel Building Construc-tion acc. to EC 3 and DIN 18800

The RSTAB or RFEM add-on moduleDSTV (German Steel Construction Association) designs moment re-sisting and pinned I-beam con-nections for members according to the German guideline Typified Connections in Steel Building Construction.

You can design moment resisting connections with flush and extended end plate, coped connections as well as pinned beam connections by using end plates and angles.

The connections can be visualized ef-ficiently in the rendering mode. The program displays all required struc-tural dimensions for end plates and angles as well as the corresponding hole arrangements.

Features

❚ Design for moment resisting and pinned connections of I-shaped rolled cross-sections according to either EC 3 or DIN 18800 (types IH, IW, IS, IK and IG)

❚ Flush and extended moment resist-ing connections with automatic di-mensioning of required bolt sizes (types IH1 to IH4)

❚ Option to suggest possible column cross-sections for moment resisting connections

❚ Check of required thickness of load-bearing member for shear connec-tions

❚ Indication of decisive reason for failure

❚ Output of all required structural de-tails such as appliances, hole ar-rangements, extensions, bolt num-ber, end plate dimensions and welds

❚ Output of stiffnesses Sj,ini for bend-ing-resistant connections

❚ Pinned connections with normal and long angles (types IW and IG)

❚ Pinned connections by using end plates with mounting either on web only or on web and flange (type IS)

❚ Option to combine coped connec-tions (IK) with pinned end plates (IS) and web cleat connections (IW)

❚ Documentation of available load-ings and comparison with resis-tance as well as indication of utili-zation

❚ Automatic determination of go-verning internal forces for several load cases and connection nodes

First, you decide whether you want to design a moment resisting or a pinned connection. The respective member ends can be selected graphi-cally in the RSTAB/RFEM model.

Then, the module imports the cross-sections and material properties and checks if they are applicable for connections according to the DSTV guidelines.

The program allows for structural-ly similar connections on several lo-cations of the framework structure, even if this is not required by an ex-act design for internal forces.

The designed connection is docu-mented in the central RSTAB or RFEM printout report. Depending on the subject, the tabular printout is de-scribed by additional graphics in the margin.

All rendered views including dimen-sions can be printed as draft for the design engineer.

DSTV

Selection of connection and assignment of member sides

Stiffened column connection

Connection with long angles

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Connections


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SS

Ultimate Limit State of Welded Hollow Structural Section Connections acc. to Eurocode 3

The RSTAB or RFEM add-on module HSS is used to design planar and spa-tial framework joints of steel hollow sections. The connections can be de-fined with round, square or rectan-gular hollow sections.

Take advantage of HSS to carry out the ultimate limit state design ac-cording to EN 1993-1-8:2005.

Features

❚ Integration in RSTAB/RFEM with au-tomatic geometry recognition and transfer of internal forces

❚ Option to define connection ma-nually

❚ Comprehensive library providing ta-bles of hollow sections for chords and struts:- Round pipes- Square pipes- Rectangular pipes

❚ Implemented steel grades:S 235, S 275, S 355, S 420, S 450 and S 460

❚ Selection of available connection types according to standard speci-fications:K, N, KT, DK, T, Y, X

❚ Selection of partial safety factors according to national annex for Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Switzer-land or Denmark

❚ Adjustable angles between struts and chord members

❚ Optional chord rotation by 90° for rectangular hollow sections

❚ Possibility to consider gap between struts or overlap of struts

❚ Option to consider additional nod-al force

❚ Connection design as maximum ul-timate limit state of a truss' struts for axial forces and bending mo-ments

The connection nodes can be select-ed graphically in the RSTAB or RFEM model. The relevant data for cross-sections and geometry will be im-ported automatically. It is also pos-sible to define the parameters of the hollow section connection manually.

If required, you can adjust the cross-sections in the module. The pre-set angles between struts and chord member can be modified as well. The geometric relation of the struts to each other is important for the ap-propriate selection of the design. This relation is defined by specifying a

gap between the struts or an overlap of the struts themselves. The verifica-tion of the applicable geometric con-ditions represents the basis for a suc-cessful structural design.

The design includes detailed speci-fications concerning design internal forces, validity limits and design con-ditions. They are also documented in the global RSTAB or RFEM printout report.

Separate design cases enable a flexi-ble analysis of several structural com-ponents in complex systems.

HSS

Specification of general geometry and connection parameters

Results with detail designs

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Connections


www.dlubal.com

DO

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Design of Dowel Connec-tions with Slotted Sheets

The RSTAB or RFEM add-on module DOWEL allows for the design of dow-el connections with slotted sheets typical for timber constructions.

The program designs all common joints of rectangular cross-section types as they are used in trusses. In addition to the connection's ultimate limit state, DOWEL also checks the geometric feasibility.

Features

❚ Automatic recognition of different joint types and position of chords, vertical struts and diagonals

❚ Automatic assignment of appropri-ate members to connection with comfortable graphical selection op-tion in RSTAB/RFEM

❚ Plausibility check for every selectedconnection node to avoid design problems

❚ Free settings for different applicable edge and dowel distances parallel and perpendicular to fiber

❚ Option to set number of used slot-ted sheets and dowels freely

❚ Free specification of dowel diame-ter and sheet thickness

❚ Support of various standards:DIN 1052-2:1988, DIN 1052:2008, ÖNORM B 4100/2, SIA 164/HBT 2

❚ Dowel arrangement in circles and rows

To design dowel connections on par-ticular nodes of the RSTAB or RFEM

structure, select the respective connec-tion type first. This connection may be, for example, a node with a continuous chord, vertical struts and diagonals, i.e. five connected members.

Then, assign the relevant nodes to this connection type. All connections of a type will be designed identically.

In the connection details, you can ad-just the applicable stresses, distances and arrangement rules for the dow-el layout. The load can be easily en-tered by selecting the load cases that

you want to calculate. DOWEL deter-mines the governing internal forces completely automatically.

The results tables list all relevant data in clear arrangement, such as num-ber of dowels and slotted sheets, ac-tual and allowable forces, effective direction in relation to fiber, utiliza-tion of connection as well as govern-ing load case.

Each single connection in the ta-ble output is visualized by a colored graphic true to scale.

DOWEL

Connection types and members at connection

BSB-Firstanschluss

Circle and row connections on node of bottom chord

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Stand-alone modules


www.dlubal.comR

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❚ Continuous Beams❚ Purlin❚ Glued-Laminated Beams

The stand-alone add-on modulesRX-TIMBER Continuous Beam,RX-TIMBER Purlin and RX-TIMBER Glulam are used for the design of continuous or glued-laminated beams concerning the ultimate and service-ability limit states.

The designs are carried out according to the following standards:

❚ DIN EN 1995-1-1:2004 (EC 5)❚ DIN 1052 (2008-12): ULS and SLS❚ DIN 4102 part 22 (fire protection)

Features ofContinuous Beam / Purlin❚ Design of single-span and continu-

ous beams as well as hinged gird-er systems (Gerber) with or without cantilevers

❚ Load determination based on roof shape

❚ Vibration design

❚ Calculation of fasteners in connec-tion zone (rails, special dow els or free selection)

❚ Shear force reduction and moment redistribution

❚ Allocation of framework to service classes and specification of service class categories

Features for Glulam❚ Design of following beam types: - parallel beam - monopitch roof beam - duopitch roof beam with straight

bottom chord - arch beam - duopitch roof beam with inclined

bottom chord and constant or va-riable height

- fish beam

❚ Handling of unsymmetrical beams with or without cantilevers

❚ Option to consider stiffening elements for transversal tension

- bonded steel bars - steel bars with thread - bonded wood strips - bonded wood-based plates

❚ Material library for both standards and for roof structure loads

❚ Easy geometry input with useful graphics

❚ Determination of support forces and deformations

❚ Info icon for successful or failed design

❚ Optimization of cross-sections❚ Direct data export to MS ExcelSeveral variations are available for selection when modeling the beam. Entering geometry data is facilitated by images showing the relevant modifications immediately.A comprehensive and extendable material library makes the input of all

permanent loads easier. The genera-tors allow for a comfortable creation of various wind and snow load cases according to EN 1991 or DIN 1055.

The loads are represented graphically and automatically combined accord-ing to EN 1990 / EN 1995 orDIN 1055 / DIN 1052.

For the serviceability limit state de-sign, you can define the deforma-tions' limit values. Optionally, you can consider a precamber for the beam.

For the fire resistance design, the program allows for detailed specifi-cations like determining the cross-section sides where charring occurs.

RX-TIMBER

Type and properties of a glued-laminated beam

Design overview with display of design details

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Stand-alone modules


www.dlubal.com

RX

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❚ Column❚ Frame

The stand-alone add-on modules RX-TIMBER Column and RX-TIMBER Frame are used for the design of tim-ber columns or frames concerning their ultimate and serviceability limitstate.

The designs are carried out according to the following standards:

❚ DIN/CZ EN 1995-1-1:2004

❚ DIN 1052 (2008-12)

❚ DIN 4102 part 22 (fire protection)

RX-TIMBER provides an English, a German and a Czech user interface.

Features for Column

❚ Design of rectangular and round columns

❚ Design of hinged columns and brackets with or without elastic end restraints

❚ Automatic determination of effec-tive lengths for buckling and lateral torsional buckling

❚ Load input considering class of load duration and service class as well as eccentricities

Features for Frame

❚ Design of symmetrical or asymme-tric frames as well as of half-frames

❚ Dovetailed frame joints with or without intermediate piece

❚ Material data base providing glu-elam timber according to standard specifications

❚ Detailed definition options con-cerning building and frame geo-metry for load determination

❚ Parameter settings for lateral buck-ling

❚ Automatic generation of wind and snow loads according to EN 1991-1 or DIN 1055

❚ Option to consider precamber

❚ DXF interface to create production documents in CAD

❚ List of designs and indication of rel-evant texts in standards

❚ Determination of support forces and deformations

❚ Detailed setting options for fire protection design

❚ Printout report with all required de-signs prepared for test engineer

Dynamic graphics help you to model the frame geometry.

The snow loads are determined au-tomatically, conforming to standards, from the altitude and the snow load zone. They can also be entered ma-nually. Wind loads, too, can be de-termined by specifying the wind zone and the terrain category or they are defined manually.

For the fire protection design, de-tailed settings are possible.

Subsequent to the design, the results will be displayed, arranged by differ-ent criteria, and documented in the printout.

RX-TIMBER

Type and boundary conditions for a timber column

Unsymmetrical, dovetailed frame

Design overview for a frame with intermediate results

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Interfaces


www.dlubal.comR

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INK

Import of IGES, STEP and ACIS Files

RFEM and RSTAB provide various op-tions to exchange data. The add-on module RX-LINK allows for the im-port of IGES, STEP and ACIS files. Due to these file formats you can import the model's geometry in the form of border lines and surfaces.

The quality of the model depends on the application used for the export. Only files can be considered for the import process. The corresponding file formats are commonly used in mechanical engineering.

Further Interfaces

The program systems RSTAB and RFEM include a number of free inter-faces for different formats:

- IFC interface

- German DSTV product interface

- Interface to MS Excel

- DXF interface

- SDNF interface

- ASCII interface

- Interface to CAD programs such as Tekla Structures, ProSteel 3D, Ad-vance Steel, bocad, cadwork and Intergraph Frameworks based on files

❚ Integration in Tekla Structures Round-trip Engineering by using analytical model

❚ Integration in ProSteel 3Ddirect bidirectional data exchange by plug-in

❚ Integration in AutoCADdirect bidi rectional data exchange based on DXF format

❚ Special interfaces in RFEMIn RFEM, the following data based interfaces are additionally available:

- Interface to Glaser ISB-CAD with Round-trip Engineering functionali-ty (import of geometry and rein-forcement)

- Interface to Nemetschek Allplan with Round-trip Engineering func-tionality (import of geometries of single surfaces and return of rein-forcement)

- Interface to CADKON (*.esf)

❚ Integration in Revit StructureRFEM provides a direct bidirection-al connection to Revit Structure (Autodesk). It is possible to import analytical models from Revit Struc-ture as well as to update modifi-cations in Revit Structure.

RX-LINK

Dialog box extended by RX-LINK formats for import of structures

Direct interface to Revit Structure for direct exchange of files

Remark:

RSTAB and RFEM provide application programming interfaces (API) allow-ing for access to geometry, load data and results as well as to further func-tions of RSTAB/RFEM. For detailed in-formation, see the text for RS/RF-COM in this product description.

Interfaces

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Designed with Dlubal Software...


www.dlubal.com

Analysis model in RSTAB

The biomass power plant in Schwendi under construction

New Building forBiomass Power PlantSchilling GmbHOne of the most modern power sta-tions for energy production based on renewable resources can be found in Schwendi, Southern Germany. Fol-lowing the design of the Milan archi-tect Matteo Thun, an architecturally sophisticated framework consisting of reinforced concrete, steel and timber has been created.

The plant building including stor-age consists of a transparent struc-ture with suspended casing and re-volving balcony planes. It is based on strip foundations. The steel skeleton con-struction, holding a crane runway additionally, has a grid of 5.40 x 5.40 m and overall dimensions of 21.60 x 21.60 m. The doomed roof consists of a glued-laminated timber structure. The building is more than 24 m high and has a radius of approx. 36 m.

The structural framework was planned in cooperation with the project-lead-ing engineering office Baur and the local engineering office Guter which was already participating in preplan-ning and in the modeling process. The planning work was enormously pressed for time. It started in January 2007, scheduling the completion date in July 2008.

The structure was modeled as a spati-al RSTAB model consisting of approx. 1000 nodes, 2000 members, 54 cross-sections and four types of material. The self-weight is approx. 225 tons.

Due to the 3D calculation, the load bearing capacity of the different stiff-ening shear walls and stiffness ratios (outside balconies as wall, compres-sion and tension rings in roof area, vertical and horizontal bracings as well as horizontal connection to the sol-id construction by using composite beams) could be determined close to reality.

The framework was calculated ac-cording to the second-order analysis by using imperfections. In addition to RSTAB, further Dlubal modules were used: STEEL, RSIMP, LTB, FE-LTB, EL-PL, RSBUCK, TIMBER.

Companies participatingin construction:

Building Owner:Bio Kraftwerk Schilling GmbHSchillingstraße 2288477 SchwendiGermanywww.schilling-holz.de

Architect/Design:Matteo ThunVia appiani 920121 MilanoItalywww.matteothun.com

Structural and Final Planning, Construction Management:Ingenieurbüro Rudolf BaurPoststraße 5488489 Wain, Germanywww.buerobaur.de

Structural Planning for Steel and Timber Construction:Ingenieurbüro Georg Guter88480 StettenUhlandring 22, [email protected]

Energy System Planning:Gammel EngineeringAn den Sandwellen 11493326 Abensberg, Germanywww.gammel.de

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Designed with Dlubal Software...


www.dlubal.com

Analysis model in RFEM

Hotel at marina under construction

Hotel in Marina ofKressbronn-Gohrenat Lake ConstanceThe marina hotel is situated between Friedrichshafen and Lindau, on Lake Constance, one of the most attractive regions in Germany. However, this ex-clusive location offers some structu-ral challenges which must be con-sidered in the planning. For example, actions due to wind and earthquakes are considerably increased in the area around the lake.

The entire design of the multi-story hotel has been carried out in a spa-tial FEA model of RFEM. In addition to the load cases self-weight, live load, snow and wind, equivalent seis-mic loads have been taken into ac-count.

The building consisting of several segments is stiffened by reinforced concrete frames and a staircase core. Due to the construction's shape and the requirement to determine the natural frequencies, it had been ob-vious that a spatial calculation would be advantageous.

The hotel has a length of 40.9 m, a width of 32 m and a height of 15.7 m. The total weight is approximately2100 tons. The structural model con-sists of 626 nodes, 92 surfaces and123 members. The FE mesh has12,758 nodes and 12,923 finiteelements. The calculation time for all load cases (linear analysis) was about 30 seconds.

Companies participatingin construction:

Building Owner:Meichle + Mohr GmbHWassersportzentrum88079 Kressbronn-Gohren, Germany

Architect/Design:Götz SiegmannMühlstr. 8A88085 Langenargen, Germany

Project Management:Ugo MordasiniKirchstr. 488085 Langenargen, Germany

Contractor:Fa. Georg Reisch GmbH & Co. KGSchwarzachstr. 2188348 Bad Saulgau, Germany

Structural Analysis:Ing.-Büro für BaustatikAnton RohmerStraßäckerweg 20D-88471 LaupheimGermanyTel. 07392/10011Fax 07392/10012www.statik-rohmer.de

Mr. Rohmer, responsible struc-tural engineer: "The multi-story hotel building is located in the seismic zone 2. Due to the use of RFEM, the complex geometry could be modeled and calculat-ed realistically. With the help of the add-on module RF-DYNAM, seismic design was not a prob-lem. With a conventional analy-sis, this structure wouldn't have been calculated so close to real-ity. Increased construction costs would have been the result.

71Dlubal Engineering Software Software for Statics and Dynamics

www.dlubal.com About us

RFEM connection node of a steel column for a gas station roof, IB Schieder, Weiden i. d. Opf. (Germany)

Structural model for the roof of the Central Stadium in Leipzig, form TL ingenieure(http://www.form-tl.de)

Dlubal EngineeringSoftware, Your Partnerfor Statics and Dynamics

RSTAB and RFEM, Frameworks and Finite Elements

For nearly 20 years, Dlubal Engineering Software has been de-veloping programs for statics and dynamics. Right from the start, the success of our programs and com-pany is based on three fundamen-tal factors.

❚ Intuitive and easy-to-learn usability Low Learning Curve

❚ Efficient analysis due to high tech-nical standards

Time and Cost Advantages

❚ Quick and qualified technical ser-vice for customers

Satisfied Software Users

These three factors have led to the ever-increasing acceptance of our programs in Germany and all over the world. Today, over 6,800 usersof various fields where structuralanalysis is required are trusting Dlubal products. High quality stan-dards, software flexibility for differ-ent requirements in structural proj-ects as well as the desire to invest in an independent and future-thinking software company are only a few reasons why the number of Dlubal users is steadily increasing.

Our program package is the most appropriate analysis software for both the one-person engineeringoffice and the large planning agen-cy. Due to its intuitive nature, the software is also ideal for occasion-al use when time cannot be spent on "relearning" software. Therefore, many colleges and universities are among our users.

The perfect balance between price and performance combined with the excellent customer service provided by Dlubal Engineering Software make

our programs an essential tool for anyone involved in the areas of stat-ics, dynamics and design.


www.dlubal.com

Some Company Details

Employees in Tiefenbach, Germany: 23(sales, support, development)

Employees in Prague: 90 (development, sales)

Number of license holders: approx. 7000

Customers all over the world:

German, Austria, Switzerland, UK, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Slovenia, Greece, Turkey, Italy, USA, Canada, South Korea, Brazil, Peru, China, Russia...

An Overview of the Company

Dlubal office in Tiefenbach, Germany

Dlubal office in Prague, Czech Republic

Since its creation in 1987, Dlubal Engineering Software deals with the development and service of soft-ware used for structural analysis. The main program RSTAB was actually one of the first spatial framework programs and promptly spread in use in Germany. The young company grew very quickly. With the creation of Dlubal s.r.o. in Prague, the corner-stone for a powerful development team was laid.

During the construction boom of the 1990s, the company made signifi-cant advances in German-speaking countries and beyond. New program modules were rapidly introduced, followed by an FEM solution for the civil engineering market. The names "Dlubal" and "RSTAB" have become synonyms for structural analysis soft-ware because of its quality and effi-ciency. The software's recipe for suc-cess lies in its simple handling, allow-ing immediate application to current projects. Fine technical details add to the programs' usability. At the point where other software programs meet their limits, Dlubal software shows the strength of its flexibility. Due to a close relationship to our customers and helpful suggestions from our us-ers, we are generating practical soft-ware. In order to realize useful tips quickly, a team of experienced engi-neers, specializing in steel, reinforced concrete and timber construction, is looking for fast implementation.

Despite the ups and downs in the construction industry, Dlubal Engi-neering Software is growing. The company keeps introducing innova-tive products and gaining market share, including new customers worldwide.

Dlubal Engineering Software is an independent company concentrat-ing mainly on the customers' needs rather than following strategic plans of the larger softwaremarket.

Objectives

Im The general conditions of soft-ware development are changing regularly and quickly. This is also true for civil engineering offices where changing standards and new technical possibilities for structural analysis must be accom-modated. In addition to the assur-ance of our leading position in the core markets, the following objec-tives are of primary importance:

❚ The ever-changing building stan-dards in structural analysis re-quire an international and pow-erful company. Dlubal Engineering Software rises to this challenge and is implementing international standards as well as Eurocodes step by step.

❚ Extending the existing program families according to the current needs of our customers

❚ Open-sourcing our software so that programs can be optimally imple-mented in the existing workflow of customers

To achieve these objectives, we are taking part in several trade fairs and seminars. An overview of these events can be seen on our website at www.dlubal.com.

Many engineering offices, planning agencies, companies and groups are already using Dlubal software. Some of them can be found in the refer-ence list at the end of this booklet.

73

www.dlubal.de References

MOREIRA DA MAIA, (P)Ellimetal N. V., MEEUWEN, (B)Elsamprojekt A/S, FREDERICA, (DK)Elu Konsult AB, DANDERYD, (S)Engesvik AS, RANHEIM, (N)Equilibrium Consulting Inc., V5Y-3X2, (CA)FAM Polska Spolka z.o.o.Fast & Epp, V6J1G1, (CA)Fentek Marine Systems UK, MALMESBURY, (GB)Finnforest Merk GmbH, AICHACH, (GER)FRAMATOME ANP, (GER)Frener & Reifer, BRIXEN, (I)Fritsch + Chiari, VIENNA, (A)Germanischer Lloyd AG, HAMBURG, (GER)Glasscon SA, SINDOS-THESSALONIKI, (GR)Gömeçlioglu, LEVENT-ISTANBUL, (TR)Gradis d.o.o., MARIBOR, (SLO)Grebner GmbH, MAINZ, (GER)Gruner, BASEL, SCHWEIZGulf Shade, ISA TOWN, (BRN)GVC Energy Services Germanischer Lloyd, Navi Mumbai, INDIENHaakon Ltd., K7P 2T3, (CA)Halcrow Yolles, TORONTO ON, CANADAHappold, BERLIN, (GER)Hesse-Noord Natie N. V., ANTWERPEN, (B)Hoesch Bausysteme GmbH, VIENNA, (A)Holzbau A. G., BRIXEN, (I)IB Program d.o.o., LJUBLJANA, (SLO)IBB, HEINERSCHEID, (L)IMKO Ljubljana d.o.o., CRNUCE, (SLO)Industrial Development, BA TERBAND, (NL)IV-Bouw B.V., CD PAPENDRECHT, (NE)Iv-Groep B.V., PAPENDRECHT, (NE)JLG Industries, Inc, McConnellsburg, (USA)JML UAE LLC, DUBAI, VEREINIGTE ARABISCHE EMIRATEK & K tech Ltd., CHALANDRI, ATHENS, (GR)Kaas A/S, RODEKRO, (DK)Karanikolaou, NEA IONIA, ATHENS, (GR)KM Engenharia Ltda., (BRA)Knudsen A/S, RISSKOV, (DK)Kortes, HELSINKI, (FI)Krones, NEUTRAUBLING, (GER)Larson Engineering of Missouri, (USA)Lestmarket, MOSCOW, (RUS)Letrona AG, FRILTSCHEN, (CH)Liebherr-Werk Biberach GmbH, BIBERACH AN DER RISS, (GER)Limträteknik AB, FALUN, (S)Linde - KCA Dresden, DRESDEN, (GER)Linden, ST. VITH, (B)Lloyds Register, LONDON, GREAT BRITAINLloyd's Register, LONDON, (GB)Makrigianni & Chazidaki, ELEFSIS, (GR)MAN B&W Diesel AG, AUGSBURG, (GER)Mantelos, LARISSA, (GR)Markogiannopoylos, VOLOS, (GR)Master Trade d.o.o., KRSKO, (SLO)Maurer Söhne GmbH & Co. KG, MUNICH, (GER)Mero Structures Inc., Menomonee Falls, (USA)MERO-TSK International GmbH & Co. KG, WÜRZBURG, (GER)MTE Consultants, BURLINGTON, ONTARIO, CANADANatform PTY Ltd., 2007, (AUT)Nilkamal BITO, MUMBAI 400093, INDIENNiras Polska, KRAKOW, (PL)Nokran, MARIBOR, (SLO)OTIS w/w Escalator, VIENNA, (A)Paraskevas Georgiou, LARNACA, (CY)PERI GmbH, WEISSENHORN, (GER)

Many Companies

Already Trust in

Dlubal Software

Nothing is more important to us thansatisfied customers. We are also proudthat recommendations of colleagues who already work with Dlubal softwa-re continue to call attention to our programs. Perhaps you know one ormore of the companies listed belowso that you can try to find out first hand how customers are satisfied withour software, our customer support and the performance of programs.

Users from different

countries:

A.R.C.H.- Art, ALSANCAK/YZMYR, TÜRKEIACS, SENEFFE, (B)Adviesbureau Luning BV, HC DOETINCHEM, (NL)Aepli & Co Stahlbau, GOSSAU, (CH)Ahmadiah Contracting & Trading Co., SAFAT, (KWT)ALPI AG, WELSBERG, (I)Alpine-Energie Deutschland GmbH, BIBERACH AN DER RISS, (GER)ALSTOM, (GER)Al-Watani Factory For Fiberglass Co., (KWT)AMTE, ATHENS, (GR)Anzeljc, LJUBLJANA, (SLO)Arborescence, BOURG-ST-MAURICE, (F)Arcelor Bauteile GmbH, BREHNA, (GER)AREVA, PARIS, (F)Assmann Beraten + Planen GmbH, BRAUNSCHWEIG, (GER)Audi AG, INGOLSTADT, (GER)B&W Mechanical Handling, CAMBRIDGESHIRE, (GB)Babcock Borsig Power Service GmbH, OBERHAUSEN, (GER)BASF AG, LUDWIGSHAFEN, (GER)Bilfinger Berger, WIESBADEN, (GER)Blohm + Voss Nordseewerke GmbH, HAMBURG, (GER)BMW AG, MÜNCHEN, (GER)Bögl GmbH & Co KG, SENGENTHAL, (GER)Bondt Trencin s.r.o., TRENCIN, (SK)Cern, GENEVE 23, (CH)CH2M Hill, SINGAPORE, SINGAPOREChina Tianjin OTIS Elevator, 300180, (VR)CNPEC China Nuclear Power, SHENZHEN CITY, VOLKSREPUBLIK CHINACompany Integrated Design Engineers, SEATTLE, USACTI Systems S. A., LENTZWEILER, (L)Damiani Legnami Spa, BRESSANONE, (I)Danish Maritime Institute, LYNGBY , (DK)DB Deutsche Bahn GmbH, BERLIN , (GER)de Bondt Aveco Holding bv, AE RUSSEN, (NL)DEKRA Automobil GmbH, BERLIN, (GER)Demag Cranes & Components, (GER)Dexion, RASNOW, BRASOV, RUMÄNIENDPC Consulting Engineers, SINGAPOREDS Stålkonstruktion A/S, HOBRO, (DK)EADS Deutschland, IMMENSTAAD, (GER)Efacec Automação e Robótica S.A.,

Permasteelisa Central Europe GmbH, WÜRZBURG, (GER)Pfleiderer AG, NEUMARKT, (GER)Projekt "T" inzenring, LENDAVA, (SLO)Q-Cells International GmbH, BITTERFELD-WOLFEN, (GER)Quality Services Ltd. Gardasanic, FT. LAUDERDALE, (USA)Raadschelders Bouwadvies b.v., SPAARNDAM, (NE)Reichelt, EUPEN, (B)S.C: Ingenierie Structurala Zagaican, BUCAREST, (RO)Schroeder et Associes S.A., LUXEMBOURG, (L)Sector d.o.o., NOVA GORICA, (SLO)Sennebogen Maschinenfabrik GmbH, STRAUBING, (GER)Siemens AG, (GER)Siv ing. Arne Vaslag AS, MELHUS, (N)SJB Kempter Fitze AG, HERISAU, (CH)SMST designers, PN FRANEKER, (NE)SOM CALCUL Marseille, MARSEILLE, (F)SPX Cooling Technologies, BRUSSELS, (B)SSI Schäfer AG, (GER), (USA), (GB), (CH), (MAL)Staalbouw-Overpelt, OVERPELT, (B)STATIK d.o.o., IDRIJA, (SLO)STOW International N.V., HASSELT, (B)Structural Integrity Engineering, (AUT)Stutzki Engineering Inc., (USA)Taras, TRENCIN, (SK)Teollisuuden Voima Oy Tvo, OLKIOUOTO, (FIN)Thekamet Ltd., VOLOS, MAGNISIA, (GR)THY Stal - Byg A/S, THISTED, (DK)ThyssenKrupp Fahrtreppen GmbH, HAMBURG, (GER)Timmers n.v., HOUTHALEN-HELCHTEREN, (B)Transsystem, LANCUT, (PL)Trimo d.d., TREBNJE, (SLO)Tuchschmid, FRAUENFELD, (CH)TÜV Industrie Service, MUNICH, (GER)Tyréns, STOCKHOLM, (S)Uhde, BAD SODEN, (GER)Umdasch AG, AMSTETTEN, (A)Unger, OBERWART, (A)Uniplan sp., POZNAN, (PL)VAI Praha Engineering, PRAHA 1, (CZ)Vector Foiltec Ltd., LONDON, (GB)Waagner - Biro, VIENNA, (A)Werner Sobek Ingenieure GmbH & Co. KG, (GER), (USA)Windels+Timm+Morgen, HAMBURG, (GER)Yuanda Europe Ltd., BASEL, (CH)ZTF Inzenierbuve, RIGA, (LV)

and more than 6,000 users worldwide

Academic Institutions and

Universities:

RWTH Aachen, TU Berlin, Slovak University Bratislava (SK), TU Cottbus, TU Dresden, TU Hamburg-Harburg, Uni Hannover, Uni Innsbruck (A), FH Kärnten (A), Uni Karlsruhe, TU Munich, Lycée technique Josy Barthel, Mamer (L), EPFL Lausanne (CH), University of Nebraska (USA), CVUT Praha (CZ), Princeton University (USA), TU Vienna (A), Universidad de Sevilla (E), Politechnika Szczeci'nska (PL), Zilinska Univerzita (SK) and many more ...


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Upgrades

You are already using RFEM or RSTAB?

Upgrades are available at reduced prices. Please contact us or order on-line at www.dlubal.com.

Service Contracts

Top customer service is one of the main cornerstones of the Dlubal com-pany mission. The interest in our cus-tomers doesn't end when the bill is paid.

We offer additionally support if it is needed for your daily work.

With a service contract for RFEM or RSTAB your questions will be taken care of with highest priority and you are eligible for upgrades at better rates.

For more information about our ser-vice Contracts, visit our website or contact us directly.

Technical Support

Our technical engineers are available to all customers whenever you have a question to Dlubal programs. Just send your questions by email or fax.

We will get back to you in the order we received the questions. Customers with service contracts will have priori-ty before all others.

Feedback:Let us know if you miss a certain func-tion or if you are not satisfied with Dlubal products. Your feedback will help us to improve our software in the future and tailor it according to your needs. We take your comments seriously.

System

Recommendations:

Processor 2 GHz 2 GB RAM Graphic card with OpenGLacceleration

DVD drive for installation 32-bit or 64-bit technology MS Windows/XP/Vista/7

Further Information

Dlubal Engineering SoftwareAm Zellweg 2, 93464 TiefenbachGermanyTel.: +49 (0) 9673 9203 0Fax: +49 (0) 9673 1770E-mail: [email protected]: www.dlubal.com

Interested?

Would you like to know more about Dlubal programs?

Simply download a free demo ver-sion from our website or request for more information including a demo DVD.

Try RFEM or RSTAB with simple struc-tures and get familiar with the great functional range and intuitive user interface.

Take all the time you need to explore all program details and see yourself how easy it is to work with Dlubal software.

Get online and download more infor-mation such as videos fromwww.dlubal.com. This will help you to get started with the programs in minimal time.

All technical details of the additional modules can be found in the user manuals. Simply download pdf docu-ments from the Dlubal website.

If you have other questions and need direct help, do not hesitate to con-tact us. Our qualified engineers can assist you personally, directly and fast.

Modern technologies such as desk-top sharing tools allow us to support you in no time and anywhere in the world where internet is available.

If you are not sure which modules you need, we gladly create your indi-vidual engineering software package that suites you best at thelowest possible price.

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Documents