33 annual report 2019 - central veterinary research ... · mr. aamir ali mr. zia ur rehman mr....

33rdANNUAL REPORT

2019

Central Veterinary Research LaboratoryPO Box 597, Dubai, UAE.

www.cvrl.ae

Dipetalonema evansi microfilaria

Trichophyton equinum

CVRL Organogram - 2020 (77 staff members)

Dr. Ali RidhaDirector General

Dr. Dr. habil. Ulrich WerneryScientific Director

Office SecretaryMr. Abdul LatheefMiss. Jeanne VillarealMr. Francis JosephMrs. Susan Titus

Animal HusbandryDr. Vijaya BaskarMrs. Marina RodriguezMr. Thanveer SharifMr. Waqas KamalMr. MatinMr. Fazal WaheedMr. Zaheer Ahmed

AccountsMr. Nasarullah ChaudhryMrs. Farida Al-HashmiMr. Mustafa Jaffar

Information TechnologyMr. Rajan BabuMr. Dhilshad MaliakkalMr. Jamsheer MoideenMr. Sajith Jalal

Purchase & StoresMr. Suresh BabuMr. Nujum NazarullaMr. Abdul Rehman

Wildlife Protection OfficeMr. Khalid Shaikh

Analytical ChemistryMrs. Jyothi AnandhMrs. Preetha VargheseMr. Yousuf AbubakerMr. Ansar Palliparambil

Haematology & BiochemistryMrs. Ringu MareenaMr. BalakrishnanMr. Abdul Basit

BacteriologyMrs. Bobby JohnsonMrs. Marina JosephMrs. Sherry JoseMrs. Shanty JoseMr. ShanmugarajaMrs. Jeeba JohnMrs. Nicola ElaineMrs. Safna AnasMr. Mathai VergheseMr. Saif Iqbal

SerologyMiss. Rekha RaghavanMrs. Ginu SyriacMrs. Shruti ThomasMrs. Nayana PailyMr. Anwar Sadath

VirologyDr. Sunitha JosephMrs. Nissy GeorgyMrs. Shyna KorahMrs. Rubeena MuhammedMr. Sreedharan Madhavan

ParasitologyProf. Dr. Rolf SchusterMrs. Saritha Sivakumar

Pathology/HistopathologyDr. Jörg KinneDr. Elisa MaioMr. Chellapan VishwanathanMrs. Sweena LiddleMr. Aamir AliMr. Zia Ur RehmanMr. Walid Said AwadhMr. Zulfiqar Ali

TaxidermyMrs. Corina Berners-SchultheisMr. Andre AppeltMr. Dean TugadeMr. Tilak ChettriMr. Upakar Tamang

Public RelationsMr. Cherian Saji

DriversMr. Ibrahim KoothradanMr. Muhammed AsharMr. Abdul KhadarNissarudeen

MaintenanceMr. Salim AliMr. Dildar RiazMr. Muhammad Bilal

Coffee RoomMr. Razaul Karim

TransportMr. Nijab NazarullaMr. Alamgir Siddique

Biomedical EngineerMr.Usman Makkirakath

i

Table of Contents

General Information ............................................................................................................................. 1

Analytical Chemistry ............................................................................................................................. 2

Haematology & Biochemistry .............................................................................................................. 6

Serology .................................................................................................................................................. 9

Bacteriology.......................................................................................................................................... 18

Virology ................................................................................................................................................. 28

Vaccines ................................................................................................................................................ 35

Camelid Antibody Facility Unit .......................................................................................................... 36

“BIOJUICE” for treatment of acidotic camels .................................................................................. 37

Parasitology .......................................................................................................................................... 38

Pathology .............................................................................................................................................. 42

Taxidermy ............................................................................................................................................. 48

Publications .......................................................................................................................................... 55

International Scientific Collaborators ............................................................................................... 58

Conferences/Meetings attended by CVRL staff .............................................................................. 59

Science meetings/Guest speakers at CVRL ...................................................................................... 61

Training Courses .................................................................................................................................. 61

Interns worked at CVRL in 2019 ........................................................................................................ 62

PhD Thesis, Master and Bachelor...................................................................................................... 64

Income .................................................................................................................................................. 65

Research Projects for 2019 ................................................................................................................ 65

CVRL Service Charges .......................................................................................................................... 66

Complete test profile for Pet travel .................................................................................................. 74

1

General Information

This is CVRL’s 33rd Annual Report. All previous Annual Reports are available at CVRL’s library

and the latest can be downloaded from our website www.cvrl.ae. They are also handed out

to all our clients each January. CVRL annual reports are an immense source of information on

animal diseases in the United Arab Emirates and abroad and should be used by animal

owners, veterinarians, ministries, municipalities and scientists in the UAE. We have further

upgraded our quality control system by joining another quality control organization, the

Emirates International Accreditation Centre (EIAC) which accredits us to test also foodstuffs

for human consumption like meat, honey, milk etc. This also includes testing food for

antibiotic residuals.

CVRL works closely together with all veterinary facilities in the UAE and has a very fruitful

cooperation with the Ministry of Climate Change and Environment (MOCCAE) on different

subjects and two veterinarians of CVRL are members of the Veterinary Medical Committee

(VMC) of MOCCAE.

It is the first time since our establishment that in 2019, veterinary and biology students

completed a 4-8 weeks long internship at CVRL. These courses will continue in future as more

veterinary students will study at the veterinary faculty of the UAE University in Al Ain.

In 2019, CVRL’s long-awaited dream came true by successfully completing the African Horse

Sickness vaccination experiment using chemically inactivated vaccines containing all 9

serotypes. For this important research project we received tremendous support from ERA as

well as staff from the Hatta Stud Farm.

After 11 years of dedicated service, Mr. John Christopher (Serology Department) resigned

from CVRL in the month of September 2019 because of immigration with his family to New

Zealand.

2

Analytical Chemistry Department Table 1: Total samples processed in Analytical Chemistry

Test Year

2017 2018 2019

Vit B1 2,090 1,287 1,039

Vit A 188 318 193

Vit E 1,109 1,334 926

Vit C 12 21 19

Copper 1,786 1,443 892

Zinc 357 371 489

Lead 1 5 37

Selenium 1,919 2,201 1,828

Bile Acid - - 85

Tissue 59 24 34

Feed for minerals 49 64 29

Feed for heavy metals 59 25 88

Water analysis for anions and minerals 102 136 138

Food analysis for carbohydrates, moisture content 70 84 137

Honey for hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)* 37 30 86

Minerals in honey - 20 19

Heavy metals in honey - 30 60

Total 7,838 7,393 6,099 *HMF: Test for adulteration of honey

3

Table 2: Result of vitamin B1 by HPLC analysis

Year Vit B1

Deficient Normal Total No. of

samples

2014 1,720 (30.9%) 3,853 (69.1%) 5,573

2015 1,158 (25.0%) 3,466 (75.0%) 4,624

2016 530 (23.6%) 1,713 (76.4%) 2,243

2017 258 (12.3%) 1,832 (87.7%) 2,090

2018 104 (8.1%) 1,183 (91.9%) 1,287

2019 102 (9.8%) 937 (90.2%) 1,039 Deficient: <0.1μmol/l (SI Units)

Table 3: Trace elements with the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS)

Species Specimen

Type

Tests Copper Zinc Lead Selenium

2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 Camel Serum/

Whole blood

1,086 483 97 122 - 0 1,376 1,238 Horse 179 90 172 86 - 0 656 363 Others 178 319 102 281 5 5 169 227

Total 1,443 892 371 489 5 5 2,201 1,828

Tissue Copper Zinc Lead Iron

Liver 23 31 18 25 18 15 18 22 Kidney 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0

Total 24 31 19 25 19 16 19 22

4

Table 4: Reference values of different parameters

Parameters Reference Range (SI Units) μmol/L

Camel Equine Falcon

Vit B1 0.1 – 0.2

Vit A 0.5 – 1.5 0.4 – 1.2

Vit E 3.0 – 7.0 2.5 – 10.0

Vit C 17.0 – 34.0 24.0 – 36.0

Cu 9.0 – 14.0 19.0 – 21.0

Zn 6.0 – 10.0 14.0 – 29.0

Se 1.5 – 2.6 1.5 – 2.5

Pb <1.9

Table 5: Feed samples analysed for minerals

Minerals No. of samples

2018 2019 Calcium (Ca) 48 28

Magnesium (Mg) 64 29 Sodium (Na) 36 26

Potassium (K) 34 25 Iron (Fe) 34 28

Manganese (Mn) 35 26 Copper (Cu) 39 29

Zinc (Zn) 35 26 Phosphorus (P) 37 24 Selenium (Se) 44 28

Total 64 29

5

Table 6: Feed samples analysed for heavy metals

Heavy metals No. of samples

2018 2019 Lead 23 88

Chromium 25 80

Cobalt 25 83

Cadmium 24 80

Total 25 88

Table 7: Water analysis for anions and minerals

Year No of Samples

2014 60

2015 80

2016 105

2017 102

2018 136

2019 135

Table 8: Food analysis for carbohydrates, Water content, HMF, minerals & heavy metals

Samples Moisture content

Carbohydrates HMF* Minerals Heavy

Metals Fructose Glucose Sucrose

Honey 131 131 131 131 84 19 60

Dates - - - - - - -

Total 2019 131 131 131 131 84 19 60

Total 2018 84 70 70 70 30 20 30 * Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) – Test for adulteration of honey

6

Haematology / Biochemistry Department

Table 9: Haematology and biochemistry of camels, horses, falcons and other animal species*

Owner Species 2018 2019

No of Samples No of Tests No of Samples No of Tests

H.H. Sh. Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Camel 506 7,211 935 8,301 H.H. Sh. Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum “ 266 2,962 134 1,789 Sh. Hamdan Bin Mohammed Al Maktoum “ 522 11,432 364 2,486 Other Sheikhs “ 6 87 10 162 Dubai Camel Racing Club “ 13,269 53,100 10,795 53,180 Abu Dhabi Camel Racing Club “ 2686 10,744 0 0 Bedouins “ 679 8,339 406 5,596 Total Camel 17,934 93,875 12,644 71,514 - Equine 875 17,069 998 20,755 - Falcon 109 818 108 1,199 - Canine 120 1,703 102 1,127 - Feline 190 2,860 132 1,573 - Gazelle 150 2,070 181 2,246 - Human 30 731 40 1,009 - Dolphin 223 902 228 1,428 - Others* 547 3,769 524 4,581 Total 20,178 123,797 14,957 105,432

* Goat, sheep, cattle, birds, giraffe, etc.

7

Table 10: Early inflammatory response

Test Species Year Total Normal Elevated

Serum Amyloid A (SAA)

Falcon 2018 58 57 1 2019 0 0 0

Equine 2018 624 531 93 2019 807 730 77

Others* 2018 - - - 2019 34 - -

Fibrinogen (Fb)

Equine 2018 60 52 8 2019 37 37 0

Dolphin 2018 192 - - 2019 175 - -

Others* 2018 6 - - 2019 0 - -

*Seal, Dolphin, Camel, etc

Reference values: SAA (Falcon) : 0-4 μg/ml ; SAA (Equine) : 0-20 μg/ml Fb (Equine) : 100 – 400 mg/dl

Table 11: Hormone analysis

Hormones 2018 2019

T3 158 62 T4 169 80

Progesterone 421 156 Esteradiol 212 29

Testosterone 185 63 Cortisol 93 178

Vitamin B12 21 18 Troponin T 0 0

Total 1,259 586

8

Table 12: Results of blood parasites from blood smear

Year Total no. of samples tested

Positive

Species *Parasites/Bacteria

2018 494

Camel 36 Trypanasoma

Avian 4 Haemoproteus spp.

Bovine 3 Theileria annulata

2019 903

Camel 31 Trypanasoma

Canine 1 Ehrlicia morula

Feline 1 Mycoplasma haemofelis

Houbara 1 Haemoproteus

Table 13: Other Tests

Test 2019

Reticulocytes 15

Fructosamine 22

SIV/HIV* (antigen) 14

HBsAg* (antigen) 21 (1 Positive)

HCV* (antibody) 15 (1 Positive)

HSV1 & 2* (antibody) 16

* Primates

9

Serology Department Table 14: Consignments and total number of sera tested

Species Consignments Sera 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019

Equine 3,291 2,747 2,798 10,801 9,143 10,160

Camel 727 424 432 8,099 8,202 3,255

Avian 157 168 133 217 227 234

Caprine/Ovine 62 71 94 591 453 711

Bovine 43 77 95 348 1,436 1,126

Others 389 643 432 498 1,099 1,178

Total 4,669 4,130 3,984 20,554 20,560 16,664 Fig. 1: Total number of equine sera tested since 1997

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

1,076

2,4903,124

2,8353,567

4,2765,383

7,8098,563

9,8809,070

9,1109,859

15,67715,218

9,78710,415

12,26512,012 11,945

10,801

9,14310,160

Tota

l no.

Year

10

Fig. 2: Percentage of equine samples tested at CVRL for Notifiable Diseases from different countries /Emirates

Others*: Hong Kong, Egypt, Thailand, etc.

Fig. 3: Number of samples tested for African Horse Sickness (AHS) by competitive ELISA

Disease Total Positive Negative

AHS 4,038 188* 3,850 * vaccinated animals

57.0%

9.1%

8.2%

7.7%

7.6%

4.1%3.1%

1.8%1.4%

Dubai

Abu Dhabi

Bahrain

Sharjah

Saudi Arabia

Oman

Kuwait

Jordan

Others*

0500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

604

1,413

2,1312,0872,374

2,9553,1233,181

4,0064,3164,215

4,4884,928

4,421

3,650

4,6054,256

4,7374,460

4,825

4,1793,979 4,038

Sam

ples

Year

11

Fig. 4: Number of samples tested for Equine Infectious Anaemia (EIA) by Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (Coggins)

Disease Total Positive Negative EIA 7,168 0 7,168

Fig. 5: Number of samples tested for Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) by Virus

Neutralisation Test (VNT)

Disease Total Positive Negative Toxic

EVA 1,075 9* 1,065 1** * Germany, France, **France

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

4811,345

1,7502,5122,838

3,3313,905

3,9854,682

5,8625,647

6,5566,875

6,5875,731

6,9257,502

8,5258,4317,758

7,800

7,0117,168

Sam

ples

Year

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

215 251

520 582

1,3731,477

1,2271,222

1,447

1,1511,1761,252

1,186

1,481

1,108

1,388

1,5761,553

1,7381,621 1,575

1,0041,075

Sam

ples

Year

12

Fig. 6: Number of samples tested for Dourine by Complement Fixation Test (CFT)

Disease Total Positive Negative Dourine 5,712 0 5,712

Fig. 7: Number of samples tested for Glanders by Complement Fixation

Test (CFT)

Disease Total Positive Negative Glanders 6,682 13 6,669

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

206

1,1001,508

2,0412,1192,714

2,108

3,157

4,094

4,874

4,118

4,827

6,1165,581

4,802

5,6316,242

7,0386,909

6,3826,393

6,1865,712

Sam

ples

Year

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

1751,068

1,5482,0672,128

2,7113,1193,5094,265

5,706

4,1654,841

6,458

12,53811,808

5,6766,652

7,8997,6517,849

7,3106,674 6,682

Sam

ples

Year

13

Table 15: Number of samples tested for Strangles (Antigen A and C) by ELISA

Year Strangles ELISA Total Pos. Neg. Dubious

2018 Antigen A 3,462 240 (6.9%) 2,807 415

Antigen C 3,462 104 (3.0%) 3,113 245

2019 Antigen A 3,175 181 (5.7%) 2,541 453

Antigen C 3,175 130 (4.1%) 2,638 407

Table 16: Results of Equine Herpes virus antibody ELISA

Year Equine herpes virus ELISA (EHV 1 & EHV 4 Ab ELISA)

EHV 1 EHV4 Total Pos Neg Dubious Total Pos Neg Dubious

2016 46 0 46 0 18 14* 4 0 2017 41 7* 34 0 41 39* 2 0 2018 58 16 41 1 56 49 7 0 2019 18 4 14 0 18 17 1 0

* Routine samples with unknown vaccination history Table 17: Results of equine sera tested for Piroplasmosis ELISA

Parasite Year Total Pos Neg Dubious

T.equi 2018 465 106 (22.8%) 359 0 2019 264 69 (26.1%) 195 0

B.caballi 2018 465 33 (7.1%) 432 0 2019 264 21 (8.0%) 243 0

Table 18: Results of Trypanosoma evansi tests in equines

Year Surra Ab ELISA* Total Pos Neg Dubious

2015 24 0 24 0 2016 393** 0 393 0 2017 140** 0 140 0 2018 53 0 53 0 2019 52 0 52 0

* Test requested for pre-export samples from the UAE to Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan and Australia

** Mostly OIE Turkmenistan survey

14

Table 19: Results of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) by Western Blot method

Year EPM by Western Blot method

Sarcocystis neurona Neospora hughesi

Total Pos Neg Dubious Total Pos Neg

2015 10 0 9 1 10 1 9 2016 6 0 5 1 2 0 2 2017 3 0 3 0 1 0 1 2018 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 2019 2 0 2 0 0 0 0

Fig. 8: Results of Trypanosoma evansi antibody ELISA in camels over last

10 years

CAMEL

Year Trypanosoma evansi Total Pos. Pos.% Neg. Dubious

2010 175 4 2.3 169 2 2011 54 0 0 53 1 2012 138 30* 21.7 104 4 2013 878 82* 9.3 629 131 2014 141 7* 5.0 128 6 2015 83 11* 13.3 70 2 2016 124 9* 9.0 110 5 2017 75 6* 8.0 69 - 2018 87 26* 29.9% 60 1 2019 515 136* 26.4% 342 37

* Mainly imported camels

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

% R

esul

t

Year

Pos%

15

Table 20a: Serological results of camel brucellosis (RBT)

Year Brucellosis

Rose Bengal Test (RBT) Total Pos Neg Dub.

2013 6,532 274 (4.2%) 6,257 1 2014 6,753 138 (2.0%) 6,614 1 2015 9,759 55 (0.6%) 9,704 0 2016 7,730 706 (9.1%) 7,001 23 2017 5,887 1,220 (20.7%) 4,665 2 2018 7,843 198 (2.5%) 7,644 1 2019 2,720 78 (2.9%) 2,639 3

Table 20b: Serological results of camel brucellosis (CFT)

Year Brucellosis

(CFT) Total Pos Neg Dub.

2015 1,839 9 (0.5%) 1,828 2

2016 324 142 (43.8%) 170 12

2017 2,153 480 (22.3%) 1,641 32

2018 114 47 (41.2%) 65 2

2019 198 39 (19.7%) 157 2

Table 20c: Serological results of brucellosis in other species

Year

RBT (Brucellosis)

Sheep/Goat (Bovine, Deer, Black Buck, Oryx, Ibex, Gazelle, Gerenuk, Human)

Total Pos Neg Total Pos Neg 2012 2,805 153 2,652 248 26 222 2013 107 7 100 130 2 128 2014 149 0 149 311 27* 284 2015 533 1 532 429 0 429 2016 480 1 479 116 28* 88 2017 496 4 492 181 22* 159 2018 322 12 310 1,781** 13* 1,768 2019 259 1 258 1,315** 31* 1,284

* Mostly Bovine and Gazelle; ** Mostly Bovine and Human

16

Table 21: Serological results of MERS-CoV (ELISA)

Year MERS-CoV (ELISA)

Camel Human Total Pos Neg Dub. Total Pos Neg Dub.

2015 404 386 (95.5%) 18 - 291 3 288 -

2016 40 37 (92.5%) 3 - - - - -

2017 115 74 (64.3%) 38 3 - - - -

2018 13 13 (100.0%) 0 0 4 4 0 -

2019 403 98 (24.3%) 305 0 14 1 11 2

Table 22: Serological tests done for other diseases

Year

Q-Fever ELISA (Coxiella burnetii)

Johne’s Disease ELISA (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis)

Oryx, Addax, Gazelle, Goat, Bovine Bovine, Goat, Sheep, Oryx, Gazelle, Camel

Total Pos Neg Dub. Total Pos Neg Dub.

2015 15 6 9 0 26 2 24 0

2016 - - - - 67 3 63 1

2017 148 54 92 2 171 13 158 0

2018 424 31 385 8 375 5 370 0

2019 1,198 157 988 53 80 9 70 1

Year Bovine, Goat, Sheep, Oryx, Gazelle

Test Total Pos Neg

2018 FMD NS ELISA* 437 30 (6.9%) 407

FMD Liquid Phase ELISA** 5 0 5

2019 FMD NS ELISA* 1,205 43 (3.6%) 1,162

FMD Liquid Phase ELISA** 2 0 2

* detects antibodies against field virus ** detects antibodies against vaccine strain

17

Table 23: Serological tests done on falcons and other avian species

Year Mycoplasma Antibody ELISA

Total Species Pos Neg Dub.

2016 20 M. gallisepticum 0 20 0 M. synoviae 4 16 0




Year Newcastle Disease Antibody ELISA Avian Leukosis virus Antigen

detection ELISA Total Pos Neg Dubious Total Pos Neg

2015 123 62* 58 3 30 28 2 2016 49 29* 20 0 20 0 20 2017 29 20* 5 4 10 0 10 2018 19 9* 9 1 - - - 2019 12 3* 9 0 - - -

*Also vaccinated Table 24: Serological tests done for exporting pet animals

Year Test Species Total Pos Neg Dub.

2019

Brucella canis (RSAT) Canine 98 5 93

Trypanosoma evansi (CATT) Canine 61 0 60 1

Dirofilaria immitis (Heartworm ELISA)

Canine 33 1 32

Feline 9 0 9

18

Bacteriology Department

Table 25: Consignments and total number of specimens

Species Number Consignments Number Specimens

2018 2019 2018 120 9

Camels 1,488 27.1% 1,541 28.7% 5,739 34.8% 6,518 38.3%

Equine 933 17.0% 840 15.6% 1,755 10.6% 1,647 9.7%

Bovine 653 11.9% 456 8.5% 1,549 9.4% 1,411 8.3%

Canine 432 7.9% 641 11.9% 563 3.4% 745 4.4%

Feline 348 6.3% 537 10.0% 471 2.9% 672 3.9%

Falcons 91 1.7% 58 1.1% 395 2.4% 198 1.2%

Others* 1,539 28.1% 1,305 24.3% 6,027 36.5% 5,824 34.2%

TOTAL 5,484 5,378 16,499 17,015 * See Table 26

Year Consignments Specimens 1996 1,677 7,215 1997 2,914 12,114 1998 3,044 12,024 1999 2,919 9,698 2000 2,686 9,826 2001 3,802 13,536 2002 4,887 18,093 2003 4,975 17,533 2004 3,788 14,493 2005 3,923 16,248 2006 4,204 20,146 2007 3,934 19,481 2008 3,636 20,211 2009 4,031 19,706 2010 3,165 8,870 2011 3,344 9,554 2012 3,240 9,090 2013 3,279 9,322 2014 3,869 12,575 2015 3,961 12,134 2016 4,010 11,943 2017 4,807 14,398 2018 5,484 16,499 2019 5,378 17,015

19

Table 26: Consignments and total number of specimens of ‘Others’ from Table 25

Species Consignments Specimens Species Consignments Specimens Anteater 1 1 Penguin 49 213 Avian 82 321 Pheasant 6 33 Bear 1 1 Pigeon 39 355 Black Necked Swan 1 4 Primates 9 14

Bustard 111 562 Quail 20 160 Chicken 99 1,207 Rabbit 13 36 Chinchilla 2 2 Raccoon 1 1 Crocodile 6 22 Reptile 16 17 Dolphin 91 176 Rhea 2 7 Dugong 3 4 Rhinoceros 1 1 Fish 37 89 Rodent 3 6 Fox 2 8 Sea Lion 3 3 Francolin 3 14 Seahorse 2 4 Frog 3 3 Sheep 32 133 Gazelle 116 522 Sloth 2 2 Giraffe 9 53 Snake 17 38 Goat 40 134 Sugar Glider 1 1 Guinea Fowl 3 13 Tortoise 5 5 Guinea Pig 3 20 Turkey 3 29 Hare 3 13 Turtle 9 30 Hippopotamus 1 2 Wildebeest 1 7 Hornbill 1 6 Wolf 2 5 Human 14 15 Zebra 1 4 Hyena 4 12 Air Settle Plates 29 341 Lizard 2 4 Alfalfa 6 7 Meerkat 1 6 Feed 55 124

Mixed 2 25 Food for human consumption 75 182

Monkey 5 8 Hay 2 2 Ostrich 11 57 Honey 50 82 Otter 1 1 Powder 1 1 Owl 3 9 Sand 2 5

Parrot 23 80 Water 105 246

Peacock 6 20 Others* 50 305 Peafowl 1 1 Total (2019) 1,305 5,824 Pelican 2 10 Total (2018) 1,539 6,027 *Species not mentioned

20

Table 27: Submissions by the following senders

Sender Consignments Specimens Count % Count %

Emirates Industries for Camel Milk and Products 758 14.1 3,996 23.5 Declan O Donovan 344 6.4 1,069 6.3 Dubai Equine Hospital 626 11.6 1,039 6.1 Central Veterinary Research Laboratory 184 3.4 987 5.8 Nakhli Dairy Farm 362 6.7 868 5.1 Nakhli Poultry Farm 61 1.1 698 4.1 Khalifa Saif Magoodi 135 2.5 696 4.1 Zabeel Vet. Hospital 258 4.8 624 3.7 Dubai Camel Hospital 186 3.5 427 2.5 Two Feet Four Paws Vet. Clinic 128 2.4 323 1.9 Dr Ashraf Abdulla 70 1.3 318 1.9 Dr Mohamed Ali Soyi 52 1.0 307 1.8 Gabriel Afrim 77 1.4 211 1.2 Dr Taciane Stival 39 0.7 192 1.1 Dr Adriana Nielsen 45 0.8 190 1.1 Al Wasl Vet Clinic 35 0.7 164 1.0 Dr Muhammed Amir Saeed 18 0.3 154 0.9 Dr Shuhaib 23 0.4 147 0.9 Wadi Al Safa Wildlife Centre 18 0.3 138 0.8 DKC Vet. Clinic 126 2.3 131 0.8 Mohammed Kutty (Sheikha Mariyam) 10 0.2 130 0.8 Al Barsha Vet. Clinic 116 2.2 123 0.7 Dr Heraldo Marcelo Lisa Cordoba (KSA) 4 0.1 120 0.7 Dr Julio G. Oriol 39 0.7 120 0.7 Dubai Racing Club 33 0.6 116 0.7 Dr Irfan Ahmad Khan 32 0.6 113 0.7 Umm Suqeim Vet. Centre 99 1.8 103 0.6 Others 1,500 27.9 3,511 20.6 Total (2019) 5,378 - 17,015 - Total (2018) 5,484 - 16,499 - Total (2017) 4,807 - 14,398 - Total (2016) 4,010 - 11,943 -

21

Table 28: Total number of milk samples and milk products tested

Sample No. of samples Raw Milk 2,244

Pasteurized Milk & Products 2,415 Milk Powder 1

Grand Total (2019) 4,660 Grand Total (2018) 4,691 Grand Total (2017) 5,028 Grand Total (2016) 4,638

Table 29: Bacteriological results of raw milk samples tested for human consumption

Species Owner Location

No. of samples

Total Suitable* Not suitable

Count % Count %

Camel

HH Sh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Al Safa 900 866 96.2 34 3.8

HH Sh Hamdan Bin Mohammed Al Maktoum

Nad Al Sheba Camel Farm 313 189 60.4 124 39.6

HH Sh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum

Mahmiya Camel Milking Farm 110 76 69.1 34 30.9

Others 36 12 33.3 24 66.7

Total 1,359 1,143 84.1 216 15.9

Bovine

HH Sh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Al Aweer 90 33 36.7 57 63.3

Sheikha Mariyam bint Rashid Al Maktoum 125 41 32.8 84 67.2

Al Taibba Farm 24 6 25.0 18 75.0

Others 15 0 0.0 15 100.0

Total 254 80 31.5 174 68.5

Grand Total (2019) 1,613 1,223 75.8 390 24.2

Grand Total (2018) 1,831 1,309 71.5 522 28.5

Grand Total (2017) 2,447 1,574 64.3 873 35.7

Grand Total (2016) 2,499 1,599 64.0 900 36.0 * All milk samples were judged according to the EC/IDF cow milk regulations

Not suitable: Total Plate Count(TPC) ≥ 50,000 cfu/ml, Coliform count ≥ 20 cfu/ml Staphylococcus aureus count ≥ 100 cfu/ml, CMT: positive

22

Table 30: Bacteriology results of pasteurized milk

* Suitability of samples were judged according to UAE.S/GSO 1016:2015 standards.

Table 31: Bacteriology results of special culture for the isolation of Mycoplasma sp. and Brucella sp. from raw milk samples

Test Species Year Total Samples Detected Not

Detected

Mycoplasma sp. Bovine

2017 6 0 6

2018 5 0 5

2019 27 0 27

Brucella sp.

Bovine

2017 3 1* 2

2018 1 0 1

2019 30 2 ** 28

Camel

2017 19 0 19

2018 13 2* 11

2019 34 0 34 * B.melitensis, **B.abortus

Species Year No. of Samples

Total Suitable* Not Suitable*

Count % Count %

Camel

2019 (EICMP) 1,547 1,523 98.4 24 1.6

2018 (EICMP) 1,584 1,537 97.0 47 3.0

2017 (EICMP) 1,610 1,574 97.8 36 2.2

Bovine

2019 (Nakhlee farm) 868 809 93.2 59 6.8

2018 (Nakhlee farm) 811 779 96.1 32 3.9

2017 (Nakhlee farm) 567 518 91.4 49 8.6

23

Table 32: Salmonella strains isolated from different animal species

Species Salmonella

isolates Species

Salmonella Isolates

Avian 10 Pheasant 2

Bustard 21 Pigeon 31

Camel 82 Quail 11

Canine 6 Reptile 1

Caprine 1 Snake 3

Cattle 4 Tiger 1

Chicken 81 Tortoise 5

Crocodile 2 Turkey 1

Dolphin 5 Total (2019) 328

Eagle 3 Total (2018) 352

Equine 34 Total (2017) 305

Falcon 4 Total (2016) 231

Flamingo 1 Total (2015) 295

Fown 1 Total (2014) 209

Frog 2 Total (2013) 187

Gazelle 7 Total (2012) 110

Hare 1 Total (2011) 158

Iguana 3 Total (2010) 199

Mixed 1 Total (2009) 232

Ostrich 2 Total (2008) 181

Parrot 2

24

Table 33: Mycoplasma strains isolated from different animal species

Species Mycoplasma sp. isolates

Bovine 1 Chicken 3 Feline 2 Peacock 2 Total (2019) 8*

Total (2018) 18*

Total (2017) 4*

Total (2016) 13*

Total (2015) 15

* Isolated strains are not serotyped

Table 34: Brucella strains isolated (not from milk)

Species Brucella sp. isolates

Camel 1*

Total (2019) 1

Total (2018) 8*

Total (2017)** 36*

Total (2016) 41*

Total (2015) 1*

Total (2014) 2*

* All Brucella melitensis ** Brucella project trial camels

25

Special Isolates:

Bacteria:

Bacteria No. of strains

Source

Actinomyces europaeus 1 Canine (ear swab) Arthrobacter cumminsii 1 Feline (ear swab) Campylobacter jejuni ssp doylei 2 Chicken (intestine) Campylobacter jejuni ssp. jejuni 48 Chicken (intestine), falcon (faecal swab) Campylobacter sp. 13 Chicken (intestine) Corynebacterium diphtheriae 6 Penguin (tracheal swab) Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 15 Camel (abscess, lung)

Ignatzschineria dubaiensis 1 Camel (foot cancer) Peptoniphilus indolicus 1 Camel (mandible swab) Rhodococcus equi 52 Equine (transtracheal wash, abscess) Taylorella equigenitalis 1 Equine (swab) Vibrio mimicus 1 Water Virgibacillus proomii 1 Human (urine) Fungus: Malassezia pachydermatis - Canine and Feline - mainly from ear swab Microsporum canis - Canine - skin scrapings Saprochaete capitata - Camel calf - colon LN Trichophyton equinum - Equine - skin scrapings/hair Trichophyton mentagrophytes - Rabbit - skin Cryptococcus neoformans/gatti - Equine - abscess swab & bone swab Trichophyton rubrum - Camel - skin scrapings

26

Fig. 9: Results of enterotoxaemia ELISA for Clostridium perfringens and its toxins

*Others: Bovine, Giraffe, Reptile etc. Table 35: Number of samples (culture supernatants) confirmed as Clostridium

perfringens and its toxins

Species Cl. perfringens Alpha toxin Beta toxin

Epsilon toxin

Non toxic

Avian 98 90 - 2 8 Camel 167 161 - 5 6 Canine 37 35 - - 2 Caprine/Ovine 21 20 - 4 1 Dolphin 15 14 - - 1 Equine 21 18 - 1 3 Falcon 13 12 - - 1 Feline 29 25 - - 4 Gazelle/Antelope 37 36 - 4 1 Others* 48 40 - 1 8 Total (2019) 486 451 17 35 Total (2018) 536 497 - 11 33 Total (2017) 436 384 - 7 48

*Others: Bovine, Giraffe, Reptile etc.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

No.

of c

ases

Species

Cl Perfringens

Alpha

Beta

Epsilon

27

Table 36: Feed samples tested for mycotoxins

Toxin test Consignments Feed samples and toxin levels detected 2018 2019

Aflatoxin (ELISA)

2018 2019 No. of Samples 20ppb No. of

Samples 20ppb

109 58 274 0 81 1

Fumonisin (ELISA)

2018 2019 No. of Samples 5ppb No. of

Samples 5ppb

27 32 66 0 53 1 Aflatoxin: 20ppb levels in feed is considered as TOXIC Fumonisin 5ppm levels in feed is considered as TOXI

28

Virology Department Table 37: Total samples processed and vaccines produced

Test Year 2018 2019

Virus isolation (Avian) 1,083 1,101 Virus isolation (Camel, equine, bovine etc.) 515 483 Influenza A antigen detection - Rapid Chromatographic Immunoassay (Equine) 294 2,502

Influenza A antigen detection - Rapid Chromatographic Immunoassay (Avian) 535 383

Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) - Virus Neutralisation Test (VNT) 1,004 1,075 Vesicular Stomatitis Virus - (VNT) 7 5 Equine Piroplasmosis - Immuno Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) 450 232 Leishmania infantum - IFAT 193 97 Babesia gibsoni - IFAT 94 183 Ehrlicia canis - IFAT 190 146 Brucella canis - IFAT 27 22 Babesia canis - IFAT 2 7 Avian Influenza - Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) 26 68 Newcastle Disease - HI 18 62 Rabies - Immuno Fluorescence Test (IFT) 36 29 Equine Herpes Virus - IFT 20 15 Bovine Viral Diarrhoea - IFT 26 5 Canine Distember Virus - IFT 15 5 Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis - IFT 18 5 Para Influenza - IFT 8 - Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus - IFT 8 3 PPR - Antigen capture ELISA 25 69 Rabies antibody Testing - Fluorescence Antibody Virus Neutralisation (FAVN) Test 1034 839

Total 5,628 7,336 AHS VNT – for the antibody development study in horses after vaccination with a killed AHS vaccine containing all 9 serotypes 1,494 3,857

VACCINES Doses Doses Camelpox vaccine (Ducapox) - attenuated 2,670 2,381 Falconpox vaccine - attenuated 7,180 7,920 Houbarapox vaccine – attenuated 2,116 1,872 Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) vaccine- inactivated 800 470 Avian Influenza H5N1 (AVIN 5) vaccine- inactivated 445 190 African Horse Sickness vaccine containing 9 serotypes (Shot I & shot II) – inactivated 578 500

29

Table 38: List of virus isolated from different animal species

Species Virus Number of isolates

AVIAN

Falcon

Newcastle Disease virus 8

Avian Influenza 4

Herpes 2

Houbara Newcastle Disease virus 1

Pox virus 6

Pigeon

Newcastle Disease virus 42

Avian Influenza 1

Pox virus 1

Herpes 6

Sand Grouse Newcastle Disease virus 1

Stone curlew Newcastle Disease virus 1

Peacock Avian Influenza 1

Francolin Avian Influenza 1

Guinea fowl Avian Influenza 1

Quail Avian Influenza 3

Chicken Avian Influenza 3

Duck Avian Influenza 1

Turkey Avian Influenza 1 CPE producing unknown virus

1

Spotted Eagle Nonhaemagglutinating virus 1

OTHER SPECIES

Camel MERS Coronavirus 8

Camelpox virus 3

30

Table 39: List of Avian Influenza Virus isolates from different avian species

Species Number of birds Strains

Falcon 2 H5N1

2 Serotyping not done

Pigeon 1 H6N1

Chicken 2 H9N2


Turkey 1 H5N1

Duck 1 H5N1

Quails 2 H9N2


Peacock 1 Serotyping not done

Francolin 1 H9N2

Table 40: Influenza A antigen detection by Rapid Chromatographic Immunoassay (Directigen)

Table 40a: Equine results

Year

Equine Influenza ELISA

Consignments Samples Positive Negative 2011 9 18 0 18

2012 50 407 3* 404

2013 65 421 1 420

2014 80 650 0 650

2015 74 652 1** 651

2016 64 427 0 427

2017 56 323 0 323

2018 54 294 0 294

2019 380 2502 0 2502 * Horses from Uruguay kept in UAE quarantine, H3N8 Florida Clade 1 ** Identified as H3N8

31

Table 40b: Avian results

Year Avian Influenza ELISA

Samples Positive Negative

2011 31 0 31

2012 39 0 39

2013 43 1 (2.3%) 43

2014 194 32 (16.5%) 162

2015 352 58 (16.5%) 294

2016 269 85 (31.6%) 184

2017 274 27 (9.0%) 247

2018 535 19 (3.6%) 516

2019 383 24 (6.3%) 359

Table 41: Results of samples tested for Equine Piroplasmosis IFAT

Parasite Year Total Positive Negative Dubious

T.equi

2019 232 49 (12.1%) 179 4

2018 450 163 (36.2%) 282 5

2017 138 28 (20.3%) 110 0

B.caballi

2019 232 4 (1.7%) 227 1

2018 450 10 (2.2%) 439 1

2017 138 4 (2.9%) 134 0

32

Table 42: Results of IFAT testing for exporting pet animals

Year Test Species Samples Pos. Neg. Dubious

2018

Leishmania infantum Canine 192 0 192 0

Feline 1 0 1 0 Babesia gibsoni Canine 94 0 94 0

Ehrlichia canis Canine 189 59 (31.2%) 126 4

Feline 1 0 1 0 Brucella canis Canine 27 0 27 0

2019

Leishmania infantum Canine 93 2 91 0

Feline 4 0 4 0

Babesia gibsoni Canine 182 3 179 0

Feline 1 0 1 0 Ehrlichia canis Canine 146 25 (17.1%) 120 1 Brucella canis Canine 22 0 22 0 Babesia canis Canine 7 2 5 0

Table 43: Avian Influenza Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) results

Year HI for Avian Influenza (H5, H7 and H9N2)

Samples Positive Negative

2015 103 390 (37.9%) 64

2016 52 11 (21.2%) 41

2017 67 23 (34.3%) 44

2018 26 0 26

2019 68 0 68

Table 44: Newcastle disease- Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) results

Year Samples Positive Negative

2015 16 15 (93.8%) 1

2016 68 56 (82.4%) 12

2017 26 13 (50.0%) 13

2018 18 11 (61.1%) 7

2019 62 20 (32.3%) 42

33

Table 45: Immunocapture ELISA for Peste des petits ruminants (PPR)

Year Species Samples Positive (PPR) Negative

2018

Caprine 7 3 4 Deer 1 0 1

Gazelle 10 9 1 Giraffe 1 0 1 Impala 2 0 2 Sheep 3 3 0

Springbok 1 0 1 Total 25 15 10

2019

Arabian Oryx 1 0 1 Black Buck 1 0 1

Buffalo 3 0 3 Caprine 5 0 5 Gazelle 53 23 30 Kudu 1 0 1 Sheep 4 0 4

Springbok 1 0 1 Total 69 23 46

Table 46: Immuno Fluorescence Test (IFT) results

Year Virus Samples Neg. Positive

Count Species

2018

Rabies 36 29 7 Equine, Camel, Fox, Goat

Equine Herpes Virus (EHV) 10 10 0 - Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) 13 13 0 - Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) 6 5 1 Fox

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) 9 9 0 -

Bovine Respiratory Syncitial Virus (BRSV) 4 4 0 -

2019

Rabies 29 27 2 Camel, Caprine

Equine Herpes Virus (EHV) 15 15 0 - Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) 5 5 0 - Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) 5 5 0 - Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) 5 5 0 -

Bovine Respiratory Syncitial Virus (BRSV) 3 3 0 -

34

Table 47: Results of other Virus Neutralisation Test (VNT)

Virus Year Species Samples Positive Negative

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VNT)

2017 Equine 7 0 7

2018 Equine 7 0 7

2019 Equine 5 0 5

Rhinitis A Virus (VNT) 2017 Equine 1 1 0

2018 - - - -

2019 - - - -

Table 48: Rabies antibody testing by Fluorescent Antibody Virus

Neutralization (FAVN) test

Year Species Total Titre value (IU/ml)

<0.5 >=0.5*

2017

Canine 179 11 168

Feline 164 6 158

Equine 8 8 0

Hyena 4 2 2

Total 355 27 (7.6%) 328

2018

Canine 398 46 352

Feline 372 13 359

Equine 255 151 104

Hyena 6 4 2

Human 2 0 2

Goat 1 1 0

Total 1,034 215 (20.8%) 819

2019

Canine 382 26 356

Feline 389 11 378

Equine 41 5 36

Human 18 0 18

Hyaena 8 0 8

Total 838 42 (5%) 796 * A test titre of 0.5 lU/ml or above indicates that the animal has an acceptable rabies

antibody level.

35

Vaccines (Viral and Bacterial) Over the years, CVRL has been very successful in producing vaccines to protect the avian population against Falconpox and Houbarapox, and the camel population against Camelpox.These vaccines have been distributed locally within the UAE on demand. CVRL has also equipped a new vaccine unit for manufacturing these vaccines.

Since 2010, CVRL has been producing A α-toxin camel hyperimmune immunoglobulin (Ducabulin) as an active treatment for camels suffering from

A enterotoxaemia. This hyperimmune immunoglobulin solution is used as a prophylaxis as well as therapy against A α-toxin enterotoxaemia, and also boosts the camel’s immunity.

All of these vaccines (Falconpox, Houbarapox, Ducapox and African Horse Sickness), along with Ducabulin, have now been approved and registered with the UAE Ministry of Health and with the UAE Ministry of Climate Change and Environment thereby authorizing CVRL to distribute them across the whole of the Middle East and East Africa.

Over the last 7 years, around 38,000 doses of Falconpox, 19,860 doses of Houbarapox and 19,247 doses of Ducapox vaccines have been distributed throughout the Middle East on demand. Table 49: Vaccine Distribution for year 2019

Vaccine Quantity

Avian paramyxovirus type 1(APMV-1) inactivated vaccine (DuPa) 470 Doses

Falconpox vaccine (attenuated) 7,920 Doses

Houbarapox vaccine (attenuated) 1,872 Doses

Camelpox vaccine (Ducapox) (attenuated) 2,281 Doses

AHS inactivated vaccine for Kenya 500 Doses

Papillomavirus vaccine 26 Doses

Clostridium perfringens A α-toxin camel hyperimmune globulin (Ducabulin) 310 Bags

Caseous lymphadenitis – CLA (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis) vaccine 3,425 Doses

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius vaccine 4 Doses

AVIN 5 (Avian Influenza H5N1 inactivated vaccine) 190 Doses

Mixed bacterial oral vaccine (Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Staphylococcus hyicus 20 litres

36

Camelid Antibody Facility Unit Dromedaries were immunized with Clostridium perfringens A α-toxoid and camelid hyperimmune plasma was collected. Subsequent processing of plasma yielded purified camelid IgG. The purified IgGs were then further concentrated to 5g/L and filled in 100ml sterile transfer bags. The price of DUCABULIN (Cl. perfringens A α toxin camel hyperimmune globulin) can be found under “Services” in CVRL website www.cvrl.ae. This product is highly purified and consists of pure immunoglobulins which also boosters the animal’s immunity. Another advantage of this product is that it is derived from bacterial strains isolated from camels in the UAE. In 2019, 310 bags of 100ml DUCABULIN were sold.

Product Label

Advantages of camelid antibodies

They are much smaller than conventional antibodies, hence named Nanobodies (10

times smaller than conventional antibodies). They penetrate into any tissue much faster, easier and deeper due to their size.

Nanobodies can even penetrate the brain-blood-barrier Nanobodies are heat resistant Nanobodies bind forcefully with their antigen

37

“BIOJUICE” for treatment of acidotic camels

CVRL launched a Biojuice project which was great news for all camel owners in the U.A.E. Though we have initiated this project in 2018, the extensive production of biojuice started in June 2019. Biojuice is fluid taken from rumen or compartment 1 of ruminating animals (sheep, cattle, camel) to save racing camels life from C1 acidosis due to wrong diet (too much carbohydrate, protein, cow milk, dates, uncrushed barley).

Biojuice is now available at Dubai Camel Hospital for purchase. A total number of 1093 liters were prepared at CVRL and sent to Dubai Camel Hospital in Marmoom.

CVRL monitors the following parameters on biojuice before supplying to Dubai Camel Hospital:

pH (must be between 6-7) Salmonella and Clostridia (should be absent) Presence of Gram negative bacteria (should be more than 70%)

One-liter bottle of biojuice contains compartment 1 fluid which includes billions of bacteria and protozoa. Acidotic camels need to drink 3-5 liters as treatment for reversing C1 acidosis.

CVRL would like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. Ali Taher Al Hamadi & team, Marmoom and Dr. Mahmoud Yousef Odeh & team, Qusais for their good cooperation and support.

38

Parasitology Department The parasitology department examined 4.922 routine samples in the year 2019. The samples originated from more than 230 host species. Unfortunately, not all the host species were specified on the requisition forms. The majority of samples were sent from avians (n=1,308) followed by camels (n=1,241), canids (n= 799), game (n= 431) and others. Other samples (n=537) include materials from exotic zoo animals (fish, amphibians, reptiles, elephants, bears, hippos, marsupials), bovines, rodents and lagomorphs. (Table 50). The submitted material consisted mainly of faecal samples, intestines, blood, skin scrapings and ticks (Table 51).

Table 50: Number of samples from different hosts

Host Year

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Camelids 4,864 3,351 2,037 1,178 1,002 1,241 Avians 410 411 687 806 854 1,308 Canids 207 136 197 415 539 799 Game 118 79 131 326 420 431 Felids 94 69 112 241 339 341 Equids 134 342 392 241 286 184 Sm. dom. ruminants 266 70 80 74 42 81 Others* 141 159 298 365 502 537 Total 6,234 4,617 3,934 3,646 3,985 4,922

Table 51: Materials sent for parasitological examination in 2018

Material Month

Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Faeces 360 333 435 334 300 366 208 169 344 312 307 464 3,932

Intestines 80 28 17 44 44 33 29 20 28 48 47 29 447 Helminths 3 6 5 6 2 2 6 3 3 7 4 47

Skin scrapings 11 4 6 6 3 2 4 12 1 6 6 1 62 Ticks 5 5 22 12 27 22 19 9 4 14 9 6 154

Feed/water/ soil 5 12 3 9 3 10 3 8 7 60

Blood 16 6 4 37 8 4 8 3 15 13 16 3 133 Cysts 2 1 4 5 1 5 3 1 1 5 5 33

Flies/maggots 1 1 1 4 5 12 Others 8 1 1 5 3 3 3 12 4 2 42 Total 491 390 498 457 396 437 287 223 403 420 406 514 4,922

39

Camels

Although the number of submitted camel samples (1241) has increased compared to previous years their share has dropped slightly behind avian samples. The majority of samples originated from adult camels (n=827). Ticks were the most often diagnosed parasites. Hyalomma dromedarii (n=79) was the most often diagnosed species on indigenous dromedaries. One camel from Abu Dhabi was diagnosed with Hy. detritum detritum. Samples from Ethiopia contained exotic species (Amblyomma gemma, Hyalomma marginatum marginatum, Hy. marginatum rufipes and Rhipicephalus pulchellus). Eimeria cameli (n=41) was the most frequent Eimeria species, followed by E. dromedarii (n=12) and E. rajasthani (n=9). Intestinal nematode infections (genera Capillaria, Trichuris, Nematodirus, Trichostrongylus) were diagnosed in 55 samples. Only two camels were infected with the abomasal nematode Physocephalus dromedarii. Moniezia eggs were diagnosed in 10 samples. Hydatid cysts were diagnosed in 12 adult dromedaries at necropsy. Sixty-two out of 414 camel calf samples were positive for endo-parasites. Of these, 23 contained Cryptosporidium oocysts and 12 were positive for Cystoisospora orlovi. Other intestinal protozoans (Eimeria spp., flagellates, ciliates) were less frequent. Camel ticks (Hy. dromedarii) were found on 41 camel calves. A total of 19 camel bull prepucial wash samples were centrifuged and screened for flagellates and all were negative.

Avians

Chicken and other galliformes (pheasants, francolins, guinea fowls, peacock, partridge, turkey)

Out of 525 samples 143 contained parasites. Amongst them Eimeria spp. (n=81), Cestodes (n=14), Ascaridia (n=37), Heterakis/Subulura (n=20). Six samples contained ectoparasites (biting lice and soft ticks).

Bustards (houbara, white bellied, Kori)

Out of 215 samples the following bustard specific parasites were identified: Avispora megafalconis (n=5), Ideogenes otidis and Hispaniolepis falsata (n=15), Hartertia rotundata (n=3), Empodius taeniatus and Sphaerirostris embae (n=8), Otidoecus houbarae (n=2). In addition, there were four cases of the stomach nematode Dispharynx nasuta and two cases of facultative myiasis caused by Chrysomyia albiceps and Sarcophaga sp.

Birds of prey (falcons and eagles)

Only 13 out of 62 samples from birds of prey were positive for parasites. Detected parasites were Avispora kutzeri, Cladotaenia sp., Conodiplostomum sp. and Strigea sp., Porrocaecum angusticolle, Serratospiculum sp., and Desportesius sp.

Pigeons

A total of 182 samples from 7 pigeon species were submitted. Eimeria spp. (n=35) followed by cestodes (n= 26: Raillietina spp, Cotugnia sp., Aploparaxis sp and Aporina delafondi) were

40

the most frequently detected parasites. Ascaridia columbae (n=16), Capillaria spp. (n=16), Trichomonas gallinae (n=8) and Hypodectes propus were other parasites detected in columbid birds in 2019.

Psittacid birds

Out of 79 samples from psittacids submitted only 8 were positive for parasites. Isospora sp. Ascaridia sp. and the cestode Moniezoides rouxi were found in 4, 3 and one bird, respectively.

Other birds

Striking parasites found in other birds were Avispora megafalconis in a stone curlew, the eye fluke, Philophthalmus gralli in a rhea, Hypodectes propus in a turaco and the amblyceran biting louse Piagetiella sp. that was found inside the oral pouches and on the beak of two pelicans.

Canids

Seventy-seven of 668 samples from dogs were EDTA samples to be checked for microfilariae in connection with export of the animal to other countries. Microfilariae were not detected. Of the 588 dog faeces, 43 were positive for coccidian (Cystoisospora spp., Hammondia heydorni). Flagellates, Giardia and Tritrichomonas sp., were detected in 13 and two samples respectively. Other parasites seen were Toxocara canis (n=7), Toxascaris leonina (n=2), Ancylostoma sp. (n=3), Trichuris vulpis (n=1). Two dogs were diagnosed with Lungworm (Oslerus or Filaroides) larvae. Dipylidium caninum was detected for the first time at CVRL. Sarcocystis sporocysts were seen in three out of 83 wolf samples. Dicrocoeliid eggs found in three out of 14 fox faeces are most probably spurious parasites and occurred after the fox had eaten a lizard infected with Paradistomum flukes.

Felids

Of the 163 samples from domestic cats 16 were EDTA blood samples to be checked in connection with export of the animal to other countries. All these samples were negative for microfilariae. Out of 145 faecal samples Giardia and Cystoisospora spp. were detected in each three samples; Toxascaris leonina and Joyeuxiella pasqualei in each two samples. One sample of a sand cat contained Ancylostoma eggs. Four out of 39 samples from caracals contained lungworm larvae and a male Physaloptera sp. was found in a stomach of an imported juvenile caracal. Of 125 faecal samples of big cats (lion, tiger, leopard, cheetah, fossa) Toxascaris eggs were detected in 12 samples. Each one sample from lions contained toxoplasmoid oocysts and Ancylostoma eggs.

41

Wild herbivores (game)

A big variety of wild herbivores samples from private collections was screened for parasites (158 gazelles, 90 oryx, 130 other antelopes, 27 giraffes, 21 wild goats). There were 7 cases of Moniezia expansa infection in gazelles and Cysticercus tenuicollis was found in four gazelles, one Arabian Oryx and one Arabian tahr. Other positive samples contained Eimeria oocysts and Nematodirus, Trichuris and Skrjabinema eggs. There was one case of Haemonchus contortus in a black buck. The camel tick, Hy. dromedarii, was found on 3 giraffes, 3 oryx and 2 gazelles and sucking lice (Linognathus africanus was seen on gazelles and black bucks. A survey on dipteran insects in a private wildlife park revealed Haematobia sp., Culicoides imicola, Wohlfahrtia nuba and Linnaemya latigena, a parasitoid on lepidopterous larvae. Culicoides imicola is responsible for the transmission of African Horse sickness virus in some African countries

Horses

Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 61 foal faecal samples. The endoparasites (Parascaris equorum, Habronema muscae, Gasterophilus intestinalis and eggs of small strongyles) were found in single samples only. One hard tick was identified as Hy. detritum detritum.

Most remarkable parasites detected in 2019

The most interesting finding was the detection of the filarial worm, Dipetalonema evansi in a new borne Bactrian calf. The mother of the calf was imported from Kazakhstan. Haematological examination of 21 adult camels of the imported herd revealed 4 animals with sheathed microfilaria. Due to the rare occurrence of the mosquito vector the establishment of the parasite in the UAE is unlikely. For the first time at CVRL we saw Dipylidium caninum in a dog and bloodsucking hornflies (Haematobia sp.) The yellow dog tick, Haemophysalis leachi, was detected in an Arabian red fox. Also, Joyeuxiella pasqualei, the most frequent parasite in feral cats in Dubai was detected for the first time in a fox.

Antigen production

A total of four batches of Dourine antigen (60 vials of 1ml/vial) was produced for serology department. This in house antigen is used for Dourine export testing.

42

Pathology Department In 2019 many veterinary students from the UAE-university in Al Ain had a 3 to 4 week course at CVRL including performing necropsies.

Highlights in the necropsy hall were postmortem of a Tapir and a Tiger.

In histology for the first time Adenovirus-hepatitis in chicken was detected at CVRL as well as Polyomavirus in Love bird and Boid Inclusion Body Disease in a Python.

The total numbers of necropsies decreased from 2038 in 2018 to 1617 in 2019 (-21 %; Table 52). Necropsies of mammals decreased by 15 % (960 to 812 animals), dominated by increasing numbers of camel calves and fetuses (appr. 41 % of all mammal necropsies).

Necropsies of avian decreased by 29 % (985 to 704 animals), further dominated by chicken (appr. 45 % of all avian necropsies). 60 % of the chicken came for individual screening for human consumption, creating a lot of samples for further testing!

On the other hand, biopsies and tissue samples increased slightly (Table 54): from 771 to 842 samples. The total number of mammalian tissue samples stabilized at around 600 samples, dominated by canine samples (35%). The decreasing numbers of necropsies resulted in decreasing amount of histology: both the number of blocks as well as slides decreased by appr. 9 % (Table 54).

43

Table 52: Number and species of animals received for necropsy Species 2017 2018 2019 Camel fetus/calf 127 (27/100) 214 (85/129) 332 (152/180) Camel (adult) 143 181 135 Equine (adult) 68 121 72 Gazelle 40 85 72 Canine/ Feline 59 (41/18) 53 (36/17) 48 (25/23) Antelope/Oryx/Deer 45 59 32 Equine fetus/foal 52 (22/30) 48 (5/43) 33 (3/30) Bovine 11 18 26 Ovine/caprine 40 (22/18) 37 (24/13) 18 (9/9) Other mammals 36 31 16 Rabbit /Guinea pig/Hamster 17 (8/9) 46 12 Large feline/Cheetah 31 (18/13) 31 (15/16) 9 (6/3) Mice /Rat 8 2 6(1/5) Fox/Ferret/Fossa 2 15 5 Giraffe 3 9 5 Marine mammals 1 4 3 Marmoset/other Monkey 15 (8/7) 6 2 (1/1) Total mammals 657 960 812 Chicken 252 285 315 Houbara bustard 102 135 100 Quail 163 161 84 Pigeon/Dove 72 102 64 Falcon 55 66 27 Francolin/Partridge 15 27 25 Other Birds 44 58 22 Parrot 29 28 18 Ostrich/Rhea/Emu 13 14 11 Peafowl/Guinea fowl 4 12 9 Waterfowl 21 25 8 Stone Curlew 11 21 6 Pheasant 14 21 6 Toucan/Hornbill 3 9 5 Owl 8 5 4 Cormorant 7 16 - Total avian 787 985 704 Reptiles/Amphibians 73 40/2 18/1 Fish/Scorpion 55 49/2 84/- Grand Total 1,543 2,038 1,617

44

Table 53a: Main diagnosis of dissected mammals

Species Diagnosis 2018 2019 Horse (adult) Fracture/Trauma 30 16

Colon Torsion/ Volvulus 26 5 Peritonitis after GIT-rupture 21 5 Internal /Lung bleeding 6 6 Fracture / exert. myopathy 12 4 Endotoxic shock 7 4 Pneumonia 6 4 Sand-colic 4 4 Laminitis 6 2 Salmonellosis 4 2 Rabies 3 -

Foal Cryptosporidium-enteritis 4 13 Rhodococcus/Pneumonia 6 4

Camel (adult) Clostridiosis 21 22 HD 13 15 Ascites due to Liver-dystrophy 10 15 Rumen-Acidosis/Overload 11 15 Coccidiosis 7 12 Encephalitis/Meningoenceph. 12 10 Pulmonary Leucosis (SACL) 7 10 Peritonitis 6 10 Dystocia/Uterine prolapse 3 9 Abscesses/CLA 14 6 Salmonellosis 9 5 Mastitis 10 4 Foot-cancer/other tumor 9 4 Ruptured Muscle (M. gracilis) 2 4 Brucellosis 9 2 Fracture/ Pelvic fracture 6/5 2

Camel calves Clostridiosis 23 46 Septicaemia (E. coli) 17 33 White muscle disease 24 18 Cryptosporidium-enteritis 4 11 Cystoisospora-colitis 3 10 Salmonellosis 15 9 Meningitis 11 7 Pneumonia 7 7 MERS-infection 2 6 Colon impaction/faecolith 4 5 Perforated stomach ulcer 12 4

45

Table 53b: Main diagnosis of avian/reptile

Species Diagnosis 2018 2019

Falcon Clostridiosis 14 10 Gout due to amyloidosis 5 5 Septicaemia 3 5 Salmonellosis 5 3 Trauma/ Lung-bleeding 6 3 Endoparasites 9 2 Aspergillosis 12 1 Amyloidosis 6 1 Paramyxovirus (ND) 3 1 Herpesvirus-hepatitis 3 1 Avian Tb/Mycobacteriosis 5 - Avian Influenza (AI) 4 - Pox - -

Houbara bustard Airsacculitis/pneumonia 28 24 Endoparasites 12 22 Clostridiosis 23 15 Septicaemia 12 12

Pox 2 8 Aspergillosis 3 7

Salmonellosis 12 5 Paramyxovirus (ND) 11 3 Trauma/Fracture 13 2 Gastric foreign body 4 1

Chicken Salmonella-infection 22 45 Avian Influenza (AI) 11 18 Coccidiosis 11 17 Adenovirus-hepatitis - 7 Pigeon Avian Influenza (AI) 11 20

Paramyxovirus (ND) 6 18

Guinea-fowl/ Quail Avian Influenza -/3 1/8 Stone Curlew Paramyxovirus (ND) 2 2 Canary/Wood-pigeon Avian Tb/Mycobacteriosis - 1/1 Love bird Polyomavirus - 1

Python Boid Inclusion Body Disease - 1

46

Table 54: Samples for Histopathology/Cytology

Species 2017 2018 2019 Mammals

Canine tissue 73 263 199 Feline tissue 31 67 95 Smear 23 5 74 Equine tissue 32 70 58 Skin-biopsy 4 23 34 Camelid tissue 14 19 24 Bovine tissue 2 3 24 Urine samples 5 16 19 Gazelle/Antelope tissue 7 49 18 Goat/Sheep/ tissue 8 28 17 Tracheal wash, equine 9 15 15 Tissue of other mammals 2 12 15 Pleural/Abdominal fluid 1 4 15 Large feline tissue 6 10 11 Uterine biopsy 27 11 3 Dolphin sample 3 17 2 Total mammal tissue 247 612 623

Avian Falcon biopsy/tissue 15 35 48 Mynah tissue 2 2 18 Bulbul tissue - 5 15 Other avian tissue 5 15 12 Pigeon/Dove tissue 2 2 11 Parrot tissue 1 8 5 Houbara/Bustards tissue 6 5 5 Chicken tissue 6 3 5 Stone Curlew tissue 1 1 - Total avian tissue 37 76 108

Other samples Honey for pollen analysis 29 60 78 Fish tissue 5 9 17 Reptile tissue 4 5 12 Plants for pollen analysis 2 3 4 Insects for histology 10 6 - Total other samples 50 83 111 Grand Total 334 771 842

47

Table 55: Histology/Cytology: number of blocks and slides produced

2016 2017 2018 2019

Paraffin-blocks 8,200 9,300 10,600 9,700

Histology-Slides 10,800 11,700 13,900 12,600

Cytology-slides 256 187 173 205

IFT – slides 215 236 315 255

Table 56: Cremation/Incineration

Species 2017 2018 2019

Equine (batch/individual) 136/1 123/2 150/6

Foal/bovine 3/2 3/5 28/8

Feline (batch) 456 480 585

Canine (batch) 774 732 803

Pet (individual) 299 272 327

Total 1,671 1,617 1,907

Bags/Boxes 986 1,340 1,500

48

Taxidermy Department In 2019 we continued our work for the Ministry of Climate Change and Environment. Many confiscated items were restored and are now part of a small exhibition at MOCCAE’s new building near Al Ain Road highlighting illegal trade.

The plan is to expand the exhibition further and include local wildlife, plants and regional soil diversity. Fortunately, a dolphin skeleton was available. Marine mammals are occasionally found stranded along our coast and usually disposed or ignored. We hope, as part of our collaboration with the Ministry to be able to preserve more of these animals in the future as they could be used for research and display.

We mounted the animal in a diving position to be integrated in the exhibition’s concept design. Its final installation was a big challenge. While the taxidermy part of the project was relative routine we had to get out of our comfort zones and climb an approx. 12m high scaffolding to install the skeleton at location. With the help of our maintenance team it took a full day until the skeleton balanced, seemingly unsupported in midair. It was undoubtedly worth the effort as it is an absolute highlight in the Ministry’s entrance hall.

49

Installation of dolphin skeleton at MOCCAE, Al Ain road

50

The recently opened new library at the Qasr Al Hosn in Abu Dhabi offers a special children’s section, including “creature space”, a dedicated area for education on local wildlife, exotics and fantasy animals known from books and movies.

We supplied the library with a big variety of colorful animals like butterflies, bird eggs, nests, shells, corals, feathers, fossils and footprints.

Some of the drawers prepared for the Children’s library in Abu Dhabi

51

A real highlight, at least judging by the reaction of everybody entering our facilities was a North American bison. Just stored by us for the purpose of restoration and pest control it will move back to its owner soon.

American Bison (Bison bison) at our facilities

52

In collaboration with the German taxidermist Dirk Grundler, a master in Bird taxidermy and world champion we supplied 5 Indian house crows to the Natural History Museum St. Gallen, Switzerland. They will be mounted by Mr. Grundler and later become a part in the Museums corvids subspecies display.

To discuss future collaborations with the Ozeaneum and Meeresmuseum in Stralsund we were happy to receive Dr. Dorit Liebers- Helbig, curator for birds and exhibitions coordinator on her travels through Dubai. They are interested in our marine turtle tissue sample collection and the dugong skeletons that we were able to excavate from laminated algae and preserved over the past few years.

Indian house crow (Corvus splendens) cabinet skin

Meeresmuseum’s newsletter mentioning their visit at CVRL.

53

Table 57: Animals kept in storage for taxidermy in 2019

Species Scientific classification No of animals

Mammals

Arabian leopard Panthera pardus nimr 1 Caracal Caracal caracal 2 Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus 4 Lion Panthera leo 2 Tiger Panthera tigres 1 Striped hyena Hyaena hyaena 2 Fennec fox Vulpes zerda 1 Syrian wolf Canis lupus arabs 1 Wolf Canis lupus sp. 1 African buffalo Syncerus caffer 2 Bison Bison bison 1 Bovine Bovinae 1 Texas long horn Bos taurus 1 Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx 20 Scimatar-horned oryx Oryx dammah 1 Arabian tahr Arabitragus jayakari 4 Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus 2 Dama gazelle Nanger dama 1 Mountain gazelle (Domani) Gazella gazella 44 Sand gazelle (Reem) Gazella subgutturosa marica 42 Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra 1 Goat (Adiyat) Capra aegagrus hircus 1 Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus 1 Nubian ibex Capra nubiana 7 Urial Ovis orientalis vigne 1 Bighorn sheep Ovis Canadensis 2 Brazilian tapir (Lowland) Tapirus terrestris 1 Bactrian camel Camelus bactrianus 1 Camel Camelus dromedarius 5 Cape hare Lepus capensis 1 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 1 Dugong Dugong dugon 17 Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops sp. 3 Palm squirrel Funambulus palmarum 1 Birds Greater spotted eagle Clanga clanga 1 Steppe eagle Aquila nipalensis 1 Lesser spotted eagle Clanga pomarina 1 Griffon vulture Gyps fulvus 1

54

Gyr falcon Falco rusticolus 1 Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus 1 Blue and gold macaw Ara ararauna 2 Sulfur-crested cockatoo Cacatua galerita 1 Sun conure Aratinga solstitialis 1 Black-capped lory Lorius lory 1 Crowned pigeon Goura sp. 2 Turtle dove Streptopelia sp. 1 Great blue turaco Corythaeola cristata 1 Indian house crow Corvus splendens 5 Toco toucan Ramphastos toco 1 White-crested hornbill Horizocerus albocristatus 1 White eared bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis 1 White-bellied bustard Eupodotis senegalensis 1 Elliot's pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti 1 Kalij pheasant Lophura leucomelanos 1 Reeve's pheasant Syrmaticus reevesii 2 Scarlet ibis Eudocimus ruber 2 Socotra cormorant Phalacrocorax nigrogularis 3 White pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus 1 Amphibians Arabian toad Sclerophrys arabica 1 Reptile African rock phyton Python sebae 1 Arabian cobra Naja arabica 1 Arabian horned viper Cerastes gasperettii 2 Box turtle Terrapene carolina sp. 1 Eastern box turtle Terrapene carolina carolina 2 Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas 1 Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta 1 Radiated tortoise Astrochelys radiata 2 Sand boa Erycinae sp. 1 Fish Marlin Makaira sp. 1 Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas 1 Total 226

55

OIE Reference Laboratory for Glanders and Camelpox In 2009 June, OIE confirmed the designation of the CVRL as a new OIE Reference Laboratory for Glanders and Camelpox with Prof. U. Wernery as the designated OIE Reference Expert. Publications: 1. O’Connor, R.E., L. Kiazim, B. Skinner, G. Fonseka, S. Joseph, R. Jennings, D.M.

Larkin and D.K. Griffin (2019) Patterns of microchromosome organization remain highly conserved throughout avian evolution. Chromosoma 128, 21-29

2. Teng, J.L.L., U. Wernery, H.H. Lee, S. Joseph, J. Fung, S.K. Elizabeth, K.Y. Yeong, J.

Kinne, K.H. Chan, S.K.P. Lau and P.C.Y. Woo (2019) First isolation and rapid identification of Newcastle disease virus from aborted fetus of dromedary camel using next-generation sequencing. Viruses 11, 810; doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/v11090810

3. Schulz, C., F. Christine, U. Wernery, J. Kinne, S. Joseph, K. Schlottau, M. Jenckel, D.

Höper, N.A.G., Patteril, G. Syriac, B. Hoffmann and M. Beer (2019) Camelids and cattle are dead-end hosts for peste-des-petits-ruminants virus. Viruses 11,1133; doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/v11121133

4. Wernery, U., M.R. Caveney, M. Joseph, S. Jose, J. John and J. Kinne (2019)

Clinical and Pathological Changes of 6 Horses Infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei. Austin Journal of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry 6(1), ISSN: 2472-3371

5. Schuster, R.K. (2019)

On Cysticercoides of the genus Flamingolepis spasskij & spasskaja, 1954 (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) parasitizing artemia franciscana kellog, 1906 (Arthopoda: Artemiidae) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Parazitologiya 53(6), 443-455 doi: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031184719060012

6. Schuster, R.K. (2019)

On two morphologically different cysticercoids of the genus Eurycestus (Cestoda: Dilepididae) in Artemia Franciscana (Arthropoda: Artemiidae) in a hypersaline pond in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Helminthologia 56(2):151-156 doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2019-0010

7. Schuster R. K., A. Saji and S.S.O. Al Daheri (2019)

Artemia Franciscana (Crustacea: Anostraca) in a hypersaline habitat in Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) as intermediate hosts for avian cestodes. In: The Zoological Guide to Crustacea, ed. Lachance, N. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp 67-88.

56

8. Schuster, R. K. (2019) Der Katzenleberegel nach Westeuropa unterwegs. Tierärztl. Umschau 74, 360-363

9. Schuster, R. K., G. Dessi and A. Varcasia (2019)

Another case of hepatic cysticercosis caused by Cysticercus tenuicollis in a dromedary. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 26(2), 1-4

10. Schuster, R. and J. Eckert (2019)

Prof. Dr. med. Vet. Habil. Dr. h. c. mult. Theodor Hiepe, 1st Vice President” of WAAVP, 1987-1993. An appraisal on the occasion of his 90th birthday. Veterinary Parasitology 270, 47-48

11. Schuster, R. (2019)

OVR Prof. Dr. med. Vet. Habil. Dr. h. c. mult. Theodor Hiepe zum 90. Geburtstag. Deutsches Tieraerzteblatt 67(6), 786

12. Schuster, R.K., S. Sivakumar and J. Kinne (2019)

Rodents as possible intermediate hosts for Porrocaecum angusticolle - an underestimated parasite of falcons. Poster presentation at 3rd German Standard Group Avian Medicine Symposium, 23rd February, Meydan Hotel, Dubai, UAE 18-19.

13. Schuster, R.K. and G. Wibbelt (2019)

On an eye fluke (Philophthalmus sp.) in rheas that lost tegumental spines during its maturation in the avian host. Poster presentation at 3rd German Standard Group Avian Medicine Symposium, 23rd February, Meydan Hotel, Dubai, UAE

14. Schuster, R.K. and S. Sivakumar (2019)

Observations on the life cycle of Avispora megafalconis - a parasite of falcons and bustards. Oral presentation at 3rd German Standard Group Avian Medicine Symposium, 23rd February, Meydan Hotel, Dubai, UAE

15. Kinne, J., M. Joseph, S. Jose, R.K. Schuster, R. Aaziz, K. Laroucau and U. Wernery (2019) Experimental Chlamydia-infection in a hunting falcon (D153/18). Poster presentation at 3rd German Standard Group Avian Medicine Symposium, 23rd February, Meydan Hotel, Dubai, UAE 14-15.

16. Maio, E., P. Azmanis, C. Hebel, A. Di Somma, C.B. Schultheis, D.D. Tugade and J. Kinne (2019) Spinal fracture of the last free cervical vertebra in Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus). Poster presentation at 3rd German Standard Group Avian Medicine Symposium, 23rd February, Meydan Hotel, Dubai, UAE 17-18.

57

17. Maio, E., A. Nielsen, A. Stephenson and J. Kinne (2019) Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in two captive cheetahs. Oral presentation (No. 0369) at the International Conference on Avian Herpetological and Exotic Mammal Medicine, ICARE, 28 April - 2 May, London, UK, p 383

18. Juhasz, J., S. Jose, J. Kinne, B. Johnson, S. Raja, E. Maio, R. Alkhatib, A.

Premasuthan, O. Felde, M. Gyuranecz. P. Nagy, R. Barua and U. Wernery (2019) Brucella melitensis caused abortion in a serologically positive dromedary camel. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 26(1), 1-9

19. Wernery, U., M.R. Caveney, Sh Jose, B. Johnson, R. Raghavan, J. Christopher, G.

Syriac, Sh.M. Thomas and N.M. Paily (2019) Serological response of dromedary camels vaccinated with Brucella abortus RB51 and Brucella melitensis REV 1 vaccines. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 26(1), 121-124

20. Wernery, U., M.R. Caveney, R. Wernery, R. Raghavan, K. Laroucau, G. Syriac, Sh.M.

Thomas, J. John, M. Joseph, Sh. Jose, S. Joseph and P. Woo (2019) Evaluation of serological responses in horses challenged with Burkholderia pseudomallei using current diagnostic tests for glanders. Veterinaria Italiana 55(3), 261-267

21. Wernery, U. (2019)

Present situation of MERS in the Middle East. The 1st KRICT (CEVI)-CVRL joint symposium, 6th December, Didimdol Plaza */Auditorium, South Korea, pp 5-6

22. Joseph, S. (2019)

Current Status of MERS-CoV Diagnostics in Veterinary Field. The 1st KRICT (CEVI)-CVRL joint symposium, 6th December, Didimdol Plaza Auditorium, South Korea, pp 15-16

23. Dubey, J.P., and R.K. Schuster (2019)

Coccidiosis in Old World Camels. In: Coccidiosis in livestock, poultry, companion animals and humans. Ed. Dubey J.P., CRC Press, Boca Raton pp 147-153.

Total no. of scientific papers published since the foundation of CVRL until 2019: 687

58

International Scientific Collaborators 1. Prof. Dr. med. Vet. Gerd Sutter

German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU University of Munich, Germany

2. Prof. Patrick CY Woo The University of Hong Kong Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong 3. Matthias Lenk

Collection of Cell Lines in Veterinary Medicine (CCLV) Dept. of Experimental Animal Facilities an Biorisk Management Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, Germany

4. Dr. Christine Fast

Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases Institut für neue und neuartige Tierseuchenerreger (INNT) Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, Germany

5. Prof. Dr. Christian Drosten

Director, Institute of Virology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany

6. Dr. Karine LAROUCAU

Paris-Est University, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France Unité Zoonoses Bactériennes, Laboratoire de Santé Animale Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail (ANSES), France

7. Dr. Miklós Gyuranecz

Institute for Veterinary Medical Research Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest,Hungary

8. Prof. Dr. Martin Pfeffer

Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health University of Leipzig , Germany

9. Dr. Darryl Falzarano

Research Scientist II Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization – International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Canada

59

10. Prof. Dr. Peter Timony Gluck Equine Research Center Lexington, KY, USA

11. OIE

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Animale World Organisation for Animal Health Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal

12. Dr. Bum Tae Kim Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection (CEVI) Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Conferences / meetings attended by CVRL staff: Dr. U. Wernery

January 22 - 24, 2019 OIE ADHOC group meeting on MERS-CoV, Paris

March 11, 2019

Lecture at Hong Kong University Thirty years of experience on infections in camels

April 23, 2019 Value of vaccination World Veterinary Day, Radisson Blu Hotel, Dubai

October 27, 2019 Work-shop on Biosafety level 4 Labs, Department of Health Fairmont Hotel, Abu Dhabi

November 10 -14, 2019

15th Conference of the OIE Regional Commission for the Middle East, Abu Dhabi

December 6, 2019 Present situation of MERS in the Middle East The 1st KRICT (CEVI)-CVRL joint symposium, Didimdol Plaza Auditorium, South Korea

Dr. J. Kinne

February 23, 2019 Third Symposium of Avian Medicine, Dubai

60

Prof. R. Schuster


Dr. Vijay Baskar

November 20 - 21, 2019 National plan of action of invasive species, MOCCAE, Dubai

Dr. Sunitha Joseph


April 23, 2019 Value of vaccination World Veterinary Day, Radisson Blu Hotel, Dubai

May 26 -31, 2019

87th General Session of OIE, Paris


October 28 - 29, 2019

UAE Fourth Biosecurity conference, MOCCAE, Dubai

November 10 -14, 2019 15th Conference of the OIE Regional Commission for the Middle East, Abu Dhabi

December 6, 2019

Current status of MERS-CoV diagnostics in veterinary field The 1st KRICT (CEVI)-CVRL joint symposium, Didimdol Plaza Auditorium, South Korea

Dr. Elisa Maio


April 28 - May 2, 2019

International Conference on Avian Herpetological and Exotic Mammal Medicine, ICARE, London, UK Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in two captive cheetahs

61

Corina Berners-Schultheis


Dean Tugade


Bobby Johnson


Science meetings/ Guest speaker at CVRL

1. Rubén Sánchez Barbarroja, MSc Student, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology - University of Bern, Switzerland Deciphering host-pathogen interactions in Mycoplasma using synthetic genomics tools

2. Prof. Thomas Mueller, Synlab Weiden, Germany

Synlab and the tick project

3. Prof. Karsten Noeckler, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany Food borne pathogen and microbiological risk assessment in the European Union

4. Prof. Darren Griffin University of Kent, UK

Mapping the genome of Falcons and other dinosaurs: Towards hybrid testing

5. Dr. Ulrich Wernery, CVRL MERS to be acknowledged as notifiable disease by OIE

6. Dr. Farida Al Hosani and Mr. Hazem Kamal Department of Health, Abu Dhabi

Meeting by a delegation comprising of two teams from PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) in collaboration with Public Health England for developing the Strategic Plan for the Biosafety Level 4 Reference Laboratory at Abu Dhabi

Training Courses Training is an important aspect of our responsibilities as an OIE reference laboratory towards the scientific community; hence each year we run a number of courses for people who are associated with the health of animals.

62

Medical and biotechnology students from abroad benefit from being part of a leading research and diagnostic centre, being supervised by internationally recognized experts in various fields and have access to excellent research facilities, training, seminars, academic journals and library.

On-site accommodation for females and males are available at a reasonable rent.

On-site training course on Glanders serology

Dr. Sriyanto, Dr. Mujiatun & Dr. Haeriah (24 Feb 19 - 01 Mar 19) Center for Diagnostic Standard of Agricultural Quarantine Indonesian Agriculture Quarantine Agency (IAQA), Republic of Indonesia Dr. Bora Ciha Noglu & Dr. Halil Pir (10 Mar 19 - 14 Mar 19) Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Ankara Republic of Turkey Lau Im-tung Patrick & Pun Chi-kit Patrick (04 Nov 19 - 07 Nov 19) Veterinary Technologist / Equine Disease Division, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, HKSAR, Hong Kong Interns worked at CVRL in 2019 1. Eiman M. Obaid Bin Jaber Alzaabi (17 Feb 19 - 28 Feb 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 2. Fatima Obaid Al Kaabi (17 Feb 19 - 28 Feb 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 3. Nouf Ali Saeed Ali Alalawi (17 Feb 19 - 28 Feb 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 4. Safeya Abdul Aziz Abdulla Alnaqbi (03 Mar 19 - 14 Mar 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 5. Mariam A. Ahmed Alshehhi (03 Mar 19 - 14 Mar 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 6. Natasha Petrova (01 Mar 19 - 31 Mar 19) & (20 May 19 - 18 Jun 19) Moscow Vet Acadamy, Russia 7. Fatma Mohd Obaid Khamis Mubarak (10 Mar 19 - 10 May 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 8. Saida Hafsa Rafique (10 Mar 19 - 10 May 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE

63

9. Aisha Manzar Alam Sadfi (10 Mar 19 - 10 May 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 10. Alya Abdallah Ahmed Al Dhahli (17 Mar 19 - 28 Mar 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 11. Mariam Sultan Ali Al (17 Mar 19 - 28 Mar 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 12. Ayla Lapuyade Yousaf (31 Mar 19 - 11 Apr 19) Lycee International Francaise Aflec, Dubai, UAE 13. Khadija Taleb El Yass (09 Jun 19 - 18 Jul 19) University of Sharjah, UAE 14. Mohammed AlQassim (30 Jun 19 - 11 Jul 19) & (18 Aug 19 - 22 Aug 19)

University of Glasgow, UK 15. Hanif Omar (01 Jul 19 - 31 Jul 19) University of Liége, Belgium 16. Anne Günther (25 Aug 19 - 21 Sep 19) Veterinary Medicine University of Leipzig, Germany 17. Meera Al Suwaidi (15 Sep 19 - 17 Oct 19)

Dubai Municipality, Dubai, UAE 18. Fatma Qareban (15 Sep 19 - 17 Oct 19)

Dubai Municipality, Dubai, UAE

19. Fatima Graiban (10 Nov 19 - 28 Nov 19) Dubai Municipality, Dubai, UAE

20. Mariam Salim Hadeed Obaid Khamisi (17 Nov 19 - 12 Dec 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 21. Badreya Mohammad Mussabah Almemari (17 Nov 19 - 12 Dec 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 22. Aisha Juma Ibrahim Mohammed Alotaibi (17 Nov 19 - 12 Dec 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 23. Omar Ahmad Abdulla Khamis Alblooshi (17 Nov 19 - 12 Dec 19) UAE University, Al Ain, UAE 24. Wadima Aldhaheri (17 Nov 19 - 28 Nov 19) Dubai Municipality, Dubai, UAE

64

25. Mohammed Al Qassim (15 Dec 19 - 26 Dec 19) University of Glasgow, UK

26. Afra Saif Deghaish Salem Aldhaheri (15 Dec 19 - 15 Dec 19)

University of Melbourne, Australia PhD Thesis, Master and Bachelor: Each year we take on number of graduates who do research towards higher degree. Information about studentships can be found on our website www.cvrl.ae.

1. M.G. Müller: Studies on bumble foot in hunting falcons in the United Arab Emirates, Munich 1999

2. S. Gierse: The most important infectious diseases in falcons (Falconidae) and the importance of their quarry, Munich 2001

3. E.A. Albrecht: Production of camel milk. First experience in machine milking of dromedaries, Göttingen 2003 (Master)

4. C.P. Finke: Substantial quality parameters of camel meat (Camelus dromedarius)- physico-chemical and sensory examinations, Munich 2005

5. T. Stahl: Vitamin content and fatty acids in camel milk, Hannover 2005

6. V. Eberlein: Hygienic status of camel milk in Dubai (United Arab Emirates) under two different milking management systems, Munich 2007

7. F. Gerlach: Coccidiosis in dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius), Berlin 2008

8. F. Szulzewsky: Production of quail-chicken chimera by blastoderm cell transfer, Berlin 2009 (Master)

9. M.R. Hampel: Increasing fatal AA amyloidosis in hunting falcons and how to identify the risk: a report from the United Arab Emirates. Inaugural-Dissertation /Doctor Thesis, Zurich 2009

10. Maria Daniela von Hieber: Investigation of occurrence and persistence of brucellosis in chronically infected dromedary dams (Camelus dromedarius) and their calves, Ulm 2010 (Master)

11. M.H. Halbrock: Zytobakteriologische Untersuchungen von Milch bei maschinen-und handgemolkenen Kamelen (Camelus dromedarius) in Dubai, Munich 2010

12. Claudia Anke Kaiser: The role of copper and Vitamin A – Deficiencies leading to neurological signs in captive cheetahs (Acinomyx jubatus) and lions (Panthera leo) in the United Arab Emirates, Inaugural-Dissertation /Doctor Thesis, Zurich 2014

13. Alexandra Damerau: Development and establishment of an Aspergillus fumigatus antibody ELISA for the early diagnosis of Aspergillosis in falcon, Berlin 2015 (Master)

14. Max Berlin: Development of a CLA vaccine for dromedaries, Berlin 2015 (Master)

15. Sina Tönges: Test to detect Habronema muscae in horses, Berlin 2015 (Master)

65

16. N.K. Soellner: Evaluation of serological tests for the diagnosis of brucellosis in Brucella melitensis experimentally infected dromedary camels, Leipzig 2019

17. Marina Rodriguez Caveney: Immune response of horses to inactivated African horse sickness vaccines, Leipzig (in preparation)

Income: 2017 2018 2019

CVRL 13,448,434 12,301,190 14,934,048

Amount in Dhs Research Projects for 2020 1. Where do Brucella melitensis hide in dromedary camels?

2. Antibodies development in horses after vaccination against African Horse Sickness with a killed vaccine containing all 9 serotypes.

3. Study of the life cycle of Porrocaecum angusticolle.

4. A joint research with the environment agency in Abu Dhabi on the role of Artemia salina as intermediate hosts for avian cestodes in the Al Wathba Wetland Reserve.

5. Improvement of CVRL’s Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA) vaccine for dromerdaries.

6. Dubai African Horse Sickness - all 9 serotypes in one injection

7. MERS-CoV-Ducapox vaccine with Munich and Netherland

8. Anatomy book of the dromedary camel

9. Equine Histoplasma Capsulation Vaccine

10. Equine plasma production

11. To identify pathogenic genes of E.coli strains from camel calves

Dr. Dr. habil. U. Wernery (Scientific Director)

CVRL Service Charges (2020)Test Price (AED)Analytical ChemistryTrace ElementsCopper from serum 50Lead from EDTA blood 100Selenium from serum 100Trace elements and minerals from tissue (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb) [each] 170Zinc from serum 50Bile AcidBile Acid 150Vitamins Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin C (each) from serum 100Vitamin B1 from blood 70Water Complete element analysis - water 1000Water - single element 100FeedComplete element analysis - feed 1000Feed - single element 300Heavy metals in feed (Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt and Lead) 400HoneyCarbohydrates 200Complete mineral analysis 1000Heavy metals in honey (Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt and Lead) 400HMF (Test for adulteration) 50Water content 50DatesCarbohydrates 200Complete mineral analysis 1000Bacteriology Price (AED)Routine bacterial culture (Aerobic and Anaerobic culture with identification) 120Routine bacterial culture and identification including Salmonella culture (Special Bacteriology) 175

Antibiotic sensitivity test per isolate 80Blood culture (additional charge for bottle) 100 + 50Gram stain with interpretation 25Special Isolation and IdentificationAnaerobic culture 110Brucella culture (additional charge for identification by PCR) 175Campylobacter culture 150Clostridium botulinum culture with mouse bio-assay 1500E.coli O157:H7 culture 150Listeria culture 110MRSA culture 150Mycobacterium culture only (additional charge for identification by PCR) 200Mycoplasma culture 150Salmonella culture 110Taylorella equigenitalis (CEM) culture 350/swabYersinia culture 110Feed and WaterFeed and water analysis (Total plate count with anaerobic and Salmonella culture) 175Feed and water analysis with additional serial dilutions (per additional dilution) 50

66

Test Price (AED)Feed- Mycotoxin analysis - ELISA (Aflatoxin, Fumonisin) 250Water - Legionella culture without PCR [This test is not DAC Accredited] 350Milk AnalysisTotal Plate Count and Coliform count only 100Routine Milk Analysis with Total Plate Count ,Coliform count, pathogen identification and CMT 120

Extended Milk Analysis - Total Plate Count with pathogen identification if any, Coliform count, Staphylococcus aureus count, Salmonella culture, CMT, MRT) 200

Total Plate Count 50Total Coliform Count 80E. coli enumeration 100Staphylococcus aureus enumeration 80Antibiotic sensitivity test 80CMT (California Mastitis Test) [Non - Accredited test] 30Milk MRT (Milk Ring Test) [Non - Accredited test] 30Milk-SCC (Somatic Cell Count) [Non - Accredited test] 50Milk Culture for detection of other bacterial species - Refer Analysis of food intended for human consumptionMilk - Brucella culture (additional charge for identification by PCR, refer www.mbg.ae for tests and service charges) 175

Total protein in milk [Non - Accredited test] 40Fat content in milk [Non - Accredited test] 40Lactose in milk [Non - Accredited test] 40SNF (solids - not - fat) in milk [Non - Accredited test] 40Vitamin C in milk [Non - Accredited test] 100Antibiotic residue analysis of 43 analytes including Aflatoxin M1 (Qualitative) [Non - Accr 250Analysis of food intended for human consumptionTotal Plate count 80Enterobacteriaceae - enumeration 100Total Coliform Count 100E.coli enumeration 120E. coli O157:H7 detection [Non - Accredited test] 150Staphylococcus aureus - enumeration 100Salmonella - detection 150Listeria monocytogenes - detection 150Campylobacter species - detection [Non - Accredited test] 200Clostridium perfringens - detection [Non - Accredited test] 150Vibrio spp and Aeromonas spp - detection [Non - Accredited test] 150Yersinia enterocolitica - detection [Non - Accredited test] 150Bacillus cereus - detection [Non - Accredited test] 100Lactobacillus species - detection [Non - Accredited test] 150Fungus/Yeasts - detection [Non - Accredited test] 100Antibiotic residue analysis (Quantitative) - [Non - Accredited test] 250Please contact lab through e-mail: [email protected] for further detailsMycotoxin Analysis [Non - Accredited test] 250MycologyCulture and identification of fungus 100Culture and identification of fungus including dermatophytes 120Fungus culture with additional serial dilutions (per additional dilution) 50Identification 50KOH mount preparation 25Air quality testingSite visit and sampling 2000Plate evaluation for bacteria 100

67

Test Price (AED)Plate evaluation for fungus 100Supplementary testsMoisture Estimation (Thermo - gravimetric method) 20Mouse bioassay, e.g. for Surra, toxin, botulism 150pH evaluation of body fluids 25Skin allergic test (Tuberculin and Mallein) - prior notification is required 500Urine strip 15Haematology - Biochemistry Price (AED)

Camel Package 1 (Haem + Bio - 7 parameters) Fe, CK, LDH, SGOT, BUN, TP, Creatinine 100

Single haematology test (CBC & WBC) 50Complete biochemistry and haematology 150Blood smear examination 503 Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl) 60Single parameters e.g. Calcium, Phosphorus etc. (each) 20Amyloid (SAA) 100Fibrinogen 100Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 25Vitamin B12 200Reticulocyte 25Diabetic ProfileHbA1c 100Fructosamine 50Hormones (for all species)Progesterone 200Testosterone 200Estradiol 200T3 200T4 200Cortisol 200Parasitology Price (AED)Parasitology - Normal animal (floatation) 20Parasitology - Diarrhoea animal (floatation, Smear) 50Parasitology - Diarrhoea in young/compromised animal (floatation, smear, Cryptosporidium) 90

Parasitology - Intestine (Examination and parasite ID, floatation and/ or smear 70/90Parasitology - organs, cyst, tissues (Examination and parasite ID) 50Parasitology - muscle examination, Digestion and parasite ID (for Sarcocystis, Trichinella etc.) 100

Parasitology - screening and enumeration (Egg count) 50Cryptosporidium screening 40Giardia/Motile protozoa screening (Normal/Iodine smear) 30Sedimentation test 40Trichomonas screening 30Ectoparasites - KOH Examination and parasite ID 50Clear water screening (centrifugation and Microscopy) 50Sewage water (screening for helminth eggs and larvae) 75Parasitology- Soil (helminth eggs and larvae) 75Parasitology - Feed (Arthropod and Helminth stages) 100Examination and parasite identification 50Microfilaria (Dirofilaria) Microfiltration test 75Microfilaria (Dirofilaria) Knott test 50Blood parasite, Direct smear 50Habronema - xenodiagnostic culture in fly 100

68

Test Price (AED)Pathology Price (AED)Post mortem/necropsy only ( including incineration; without histology, bacteriology, virology, parasitology)Pets (rabbit, cat, dog) 100 - 200Small animals (camel-calf, sheep, goat, small game) 200 - 350Large animals (camel, horse, cow, game) 800Very large animals (giraffe, hippo, elephant) 1 AED/kgSpecial (lot of sampling)/Forensic necropsy 1000 extraBirds (falcon, parrot, ostrich etc.) 80 - 400Poultry (chicken, quail, etc.) 20 - 60Transportation / Incineration / CremationTransportation of large carcass 200/hourIncineration according to size 50 - 500Incineration (No ashes back)Small (Up to 1 kg) 501 to 5 Kg 755 to 10 Kg 15010 to 25 Kg 20025 to 100 Kg 300100 to 300 kg 400Above 300 kg 600Bag 50Needle-container, small 30Needle-container, medium 40Needle-container, large 50Pet Cremation - Ashes back (Urns are available at CVRL)Small (up to 1 kg) 1001 to 5 Kg 2005 to 10 Kg 30010 to 25 Kg 500Above 25 Kg 700Individual Cremation: Cat/Dog/Pet 1000Individual Cremation: Equine 2000Histology - CytologyCytology Smear/fluid 30Cytology biopsy/tumor 50Histology each organ/paraffin block 60Histology biopsy/tumor each slide 100Immunohistology 250Serology Price (AED)Tests for EquinesAfrican Horse Sickness (AHS) - Ab cELISA 200AHS - Serum titration/sample 450Dourine - Complement fixation test (CFT) 200Equine Infectious Anaemia (EIA) - Agar Gel Immunodiffusion test (AGID/Coggins) 200EIA - Ab cELISA 200Equine Herpes Virus 1& 4 (EHV1 & EHV4) - Ab ELISA 200Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (S. neurona & N. hughesi) - Western blot (WB) 400Equine Rhinitis A Virus - Virus Neutralisation Test (VNT) 200Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) - VNT 200EVA - Ab ELISA 200Equine Piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi + Theileria equi ) - Ab cELISA 280Equine Piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi + Theileria equi) - Immunofluorescence antibody te 280Glanders - Complement fixation test (CFT) 200

69

Test Price (AED)Neonatal Isoerythrolysis - Agglutination test 75Sera storage (without testing) 40Strangles (A + C antigen) - Ab ELISA 250Surra - Ab ELISA 200Vesicular Stomatitis - VNT 200West Nile Fever - IgG Ab ELISA 200West Nile Fever - IgM Ab ELISA 350Tests for other animalsAbortion Panel : Ab ELISA - IBR, BVDV, BHV - 4 350Anaplasmosis - Ab ELISA 150Babesia canis - Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) 400Babesia gibsoni - Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) 400Blue Tongue - Ab ELISA 150Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV) - Ab ELISA 150Brucella canis - Rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT) 400Brucella canis - Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) 400Brucellosis - Rose Bengal test (RBT) 25Brucellosis - Serum agglutination test (SAT) 75Brucellosis - Ab cELISA 150Brucellosis - Complement fixation test (CFT) 150BVDV - Ab ELISA 250Camel pox - Virus Neutralisation Test (VNT) 150Camel Tryps (Trypanosoma evansi) - Ab ELISA 110CATT (Card agglutination test for Trypanosomiasis) 25Clostridium perfringens Alpha toxin - Ab cELISA 150Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxemia - Antigen ELISA 150Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP - Mycoplasma capricolum ssp capripneumoniae ) - Ab ELISA 250

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Caseous Lymphadenitis) - Ab ELISA 150Dirofilaria immitis - Ag ELISA 250Ehrlichia canis - Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) 400FAVN (Fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation) test for Rabies antibody titer 750Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) - Ab ELISA (for field infection) 150Hepatitis C - Ab test 150 eachHerpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) IgG 150 eachHerpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) IgG 150 eachHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1 & 2) - Ag + total Ab combi 150 eachInfectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) - Ab cELISA 150Leishmania infantum - Immunofluorescence antibody test ( IFAT) 400Leptospira interrogans sv Canicola Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) 150MERS-CoV in camels - Ab ELISA 250MERS-CoV in humans - Ab ELISA 250Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Johns disease) for animals including camelids - Ab ELISA 150

Neosporosis - Ab cELISA 150Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) - Ab cELISA 150Q Fever - Ab ELISA (Ruminants) 150Respiratory penta: Ab ELISA - BHV-1, BVDV, BRSV, BPI3, M. bovis (Ruminants) 350Rift Valley Fever (RVF) - Ab cELISA (Ruminants) 150Toxoplasmosis - Direct Agglutination test 100Tuberculosis - Immunochromatographic test (Elephant, Camelids, Sealions, Cervids) 250Tuberculosis - ELISA (Bovine) 250West Nile Fever - Ab cELISA 200Tests For Avians

70

Test Price (AED)

Avian Influenza ( H5,H7 and H9 ) - Haemagglutination inhibition test (HI)75/sample; 65 per 10

samplesInfectious Bronchitis (IB) - Ab ELISA (Chicken) 75Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro) - Ab ELISA (Chicken) 75Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum - Ab ELISA (Chicken/Turkey) 200

Newcastle Disease - Haemagglutination inhibition test (HI)60/sample; 50 per 10

samplesNewcastle Disease - Ab ELISA (Avian) 75

Taxidermy (Modeling prices for animals supplied by customer) Price (AED)Birds

Price includes tanning, mounting and normal platforms.Special positions, extra platforms and open-mouthed mounts will be priced.We charge 20% extra for birds in special positions with open wingFalcon 2,000Eagle, Vulture 3,000 - 8,000Buzzard, Hawk 2,000Chicken, Pheasant 2,000Duck, Gull 2,500Flamingo, Crane 3,000 - 6,000Houbara 2,500Stone Curlew 1,500Partridge 1,500Parrot 2,000 - 4,000

Peacock4,000, Open tail

10,000Pigeon 1,500Songbirds, Canary Birds, Budgies 1,000Mammals Price (AED)

( Shoulder mounts)

Fox 2,000Dog 2,000 - 5,000Hare, Rabbit 800Small Gazelles 1,500 - 5,000Impala, Gerenuk, Blackbuck 5,000Barbary Sheep 10,000Ibex 9,000Arabian Oryx 9,000Lesser Kudu 10,000Zebra, Greater Kudu 20,000Bongo 20,000Horse 35,000Camel 35,000Giraffe neck 35000Serval Cat, Wild Cat 1,500Cheetah 3,000Lion, Tiger 5,000Leopard, Jaguar 4,000Cat (domestic pet) 1,500We also offer: Horns and Shields, Skulls, Skeletons, Fish, Reptiles, Amphibians, Liquid conservation, Restoration (Prices on request).

71

Test Price (AED)Virology Price (AED)Virus Isolation - AvianAdenovirus 150Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) 180Avian paramyxovirus -1 (Newcastle disease virus) 150Duck virus enteritis 180Duck virus hepatitis 180Herpes virus 150Influenza A virus (All avian Influenza strains including H5, H7 & H9) 150Pox virus (Houbarapox, Falconpox, Pigeonpox) 150Reo virus 150Turkey Rhinotracheitis (Avian metapneumovirus) 180West Nile Virus (WNV) 200Virus Isolation-OthersAfrican Horse Sickness (AHS) virus 200Bluetongue virus (BTV) 200Bovine herpes virus - 1 (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis - IBR) 200Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) 200Camelpox virus 150Canine distemper virus (CDV) 200Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 180Equine Arteritis virus (EAV) 500Equine Herpes virus (EHV) 180Equine Influenza virus (EI) 250Equine Rhinitis A & B virus 180Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus 200H1N1 Influenza virus 250Lumpy skin disease virus 200MERS Coronavirus (MERS CoV) 200Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus 200Sheeppox virus/ Goatpox virus 200Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) 180West Nile Virus (WNV) 200Immunofluorescence Test(IFT)Bovine herpesvirus - 1 (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis - IBR) 110Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) 110Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) 110Canine distemper virus (CDV) 110Equine Herpes virus-1 (EHV) 110Feline herpesvirus (FHV) 110Parainfluenza 3 110Rabies 200Antigen ELISAAHS 100Avian Leukosis - Ag ELISA ( Transport media for cloacal swabs can be collected from CVRL) 150

Hepatitis B (HBsAg) - Ag test 150Influenza A (Rapid Immunochromatographic Assay) 100

Parvo Virus Antigen test for Dog, Cat and Mink (Rapid Immunochromatographic assay) 140

PPR 200Rota Virus Antigen test (Rapid Immunochromatographic assay) 60Additional testsDiagnosis of highly infectious diseases ( BSL-3) 500

72

Test Price (AED)Semen Analysis 110MiscellaneousAdministration fee for reissuance of historical results 100/result

Courier charges for external lab services20% of the total

amountCremation certificate 100/reportVaccinesBacterial VaccinesAutovaccine with adjuvants 10/mlClostridium perfringens A hyperimmune serum (Ducabulin)Exclusive distributor Lillidale Animal Health*Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis - CLA (Caseous lymphadenitis) - PLD vaccine 10/mlOral Vaccine 5/mlViral vaccinesAfrican Horse Sickness Vaccine (inactivated) - 9 serotypesExclusive distributor Lillidale Animal Health* [Except Kenya]Camelpox vaccine (Ducapox) (attenuated)Exclusive distributor Lillidale Animal Health* [Except for UAE and Oman]Exclusive distributor Al Bashayer Vet.**[For UAE and Oman]DuPa (Avian paramyxovirus type 1, inactivated) vaccine 150/vial (5 doses)Falconpox vaccine (attenuated)Exclusive distributor Lillidale Animal Health*Houbarapox vaccine (attenuated)Exclusive distributor Lillidale Animal Health*Papilloma viral vaccine 10/ml*For purchase enquiries, Contact exclusive distributor Lillidale Animal Health, Pig Oak Farm, Holt, Wimborne, Dorset, England. Email: [email protected], Tel: 0044 1202 848456 website: www.lillidale.co.uk**Contact exclusive distributor: AL BASHAYER VET for purchase enquiries, email: [email protected] (Natural compartment 1 fluid)For purchase enquires, contact Dubai Camel Hospital.Tel: 00971-4-8325550, Email: [email protected] in DromedariesAnimal/immunogen 7350BooksCamel Haematology (1990) 250Infectious Diseases in Camelids (Arabic) 200Colour Atlas of Falcon Medicine (2004) 300Camelid Infectious Disorders (2014) 400Molecular BiologyPlease refer www.mbg.ae for tests and service charges

73

Complete test profile for Pet travelAGENT TEST METHOD

SERVICE CHARGE (AED)

Virus isolation 150Haemagglutination Inhibition

Test (HI)75/sample;

65/10 samplesAvian Influenza Type A virus (including H5, H7, H9) and Newcastle Disease Virus (APMV type-1)

Virus isolation 250

Blood smear 50Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT)

400


400

Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT)

400

Rapid Slide Agglutination Test (RSAT)

400

Blood smear 50Microfiltration test 75

KNOTT test 50ELISA 250


400


400

Leptospira interrogans sv CanicolaMicroscopic agglutination test

(MAT)150

Virus isolation 150Haemagglutination Inhibition

Test (HI)60/sample;

50/10 samples

RabiesFluorescent Antibody Virus Neutralization Test (FAVN)

750

Blood smear 50Haematocrit Test 50

Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT)

25

Avian Influenza Type A virus (including H5, H7, H9)

Newcastle Disease Virus (APMV type-1)

Trypanosoma evansi

Babesia gibsoni

Babesia canis

Brucella canis

Dirofilaria immitis (Canine and Feline)

Ehrlichia canis

Leishmania infantum

74

33 annual report 2019 - central veterinary research ... · mr. aamir ali mr. zia ur rehman mr....

Documents