3/2/12- do-now: copy and answer the questions. 1.how do you think you did on the cell division test?...

3/2/12-

Do-Now: Copy AND answer the questions.

1.How do you think you did on the cell division test?

2.How long did you study for it (out of class)?

3.Did you fully complete the 2 review sheets?

4.What could YOU do to improve your grade?

5.What could I do to help you?

Genetics Vocab1. Law of Independent

Assortment

2. Dominant

3. Recessive

4. Heredity

5. Traits

6. Law of Segregation

7. Genotype

8. Phenotype

9. Alleles

10. Heterozygous

11. Homozygous

12. Probability

13. Monohybrid (Cross)

14. Punnett Square

15. Dihybrid (Cross)

16. Complete Dominance

17. Incomplete Dominance

18. Codominance

19. Molecular Genetics

3/5/12—Pick up Handout @ the back

10. Heterozygous

11. Homozygous

12. Probability

13. Monohybrid (Cross)

14. Punnett Square

15. Dihybrid (Cross)

16. CompleteDominance

17. Incomplete Dominance

18. Codominance

19. Molecular Genetics

• Finish defining Vocab• Week 9 Prefix/Suffix

vocab• Complete Word Search

Puzzle

Genetics: The Science of Heredity

A Priest-Scientist

Gregor Mendel

Who was Gregor Mendel?• Austrian monk• Lived 1822 to 1884• Grew on the family farm• High school teacher• Gardener of monastery where he

lived as a monk• Did experiments on pea plants • Kept careful records & used

mathematics to make sense of what he observed

Heredity• Heredity is the passing of

traits from parents to offspring.

• Mendel experimented with heredity of certain traits found in peas.

• Mendel studied each trait separately and discovered certain patterns in the way traits are inherited in peas.

• Mendel’s work has become the basis of genetics, the study of heredity.

Mendel’s Pea Experiments• Mendel chose pea plants

because their traits were easy to see and distinguish.

• He crossed plants with two different traits, for example purple flowers with white flowers.

• He started his experiments with purebred plants.

• Purebred plants ALWAYS produce offspring with the same trait as the parent. For example, if the parent is tall, all offspring will be tall. If the parent is short, all offspring will be short.

Some Pea Traits that Mendel Studied

F1 Generation• Mendel called the parent plants the P generation.• He called the offspring from the parents the F1

generation. • F is from the Latin word, filial, which means son.• When Mendel crossed pure pea plants with purple

flowers with pure pea plants with white flowers, all the F1 generation had purple flowers.

P Generation

F1 Generation

F2 Generation• When he crossed the F1 generation peas with one

another, only some of the offspring had purple flowers. These formed the F2 generation.

• Mendel found that in the F2 generation, ¾ of the plants had purple flowers and ¼ of them had white flowers (3:1 ratio).

F1 Generation

F2 Generation

Review

1.Who was Gregory Mendel?

2.Why did he choose peas for his experiments?

3.What is heredity?

4.What is genetics?

5.What is a purebred plant?

6.What is the P generation?

7.What is the F1 generation?

8.What is the F2 generation?

3/6/12-

Do-Now:

-Take out and complete the Crossword Puzzle (on back of yesterdays Wordsearch)

-Take out HW: Vocabulary Practice

-Genetics Vocabulary Quiz tomorrow—Study vocab, Vocab Practice handout, & Crossword!

Dominant and Recessive Traits

• It seemed to Mendel, that for each characteristic in peas, one trait was stronger than the other.

• He called the “stronger” one, the dominant trait.

• He called the “hidden” one, the recessive trait.

Genes and Alleles• The traits of peas (and

yours) are controlled by factors that scientists call genes.

• You inherit your genes from your parents.

• The different forms of a gene are called alleles.

• You inherit a combination of two alleles from your parents.

Dominant and Recessive Traits in Peas

• For each of the 7 traits that Mendel studied in peas, there is a dominant allele and a recessive allele.

• If a plant inherits both a dominant allele and a recessive allele, the dominant allele masks the recessive allele.

Some Pea Traits that Mendel Studied

Understanding Mendel’s Experiments

Part I

2 alleles for

purple

PP

1 allele for purple. 1 allele for white

Pp

2 alleles for white

pp

Understanding Mendel’s Experiment

Part II1 allele for purple 1 allele for white

2 alleles for purple

PP1 allele for purple 1 allele for white

Pp

2 alleles for white

pp

PpPp

Lesson 3

Probability and Genetics

Probability

• Probability is the likelihood that a particular event will occur.

• The laws of probability determine what is likely to occur, not what does occur.

• Mendel was the first scientist that applied the principles of probability to genetics.

Punnett Square• Punnett square is a table

that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result when two organisms cross.

• Using Punnett square, geneticists can predict the probability of occurrence of a particular trait.

• The allele that each parent will pass to its offspring is based on chance, just like tossing a coin.

Genotypes and Phenotypes

• Genotype: Indicates the alleles that the organism has inherited regarding a particular trait.

• Phenotype: The actual visible trait of the organism.

Genotype

Phenotype

Homozygous and Heterozygous

• Homozygous: An organism with two identical alleles for a trait (a purebred organism).

• Heterozygous: An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (a hybrid organism).

Codominance

• In codominance, the alleles are neither dominant, nor recessive. Neither allele is masked by the other.

Roan CowIs both white and red

Incomplete Dominance

• Occurs when one allele is not completely dominant over another

• The heterozygous phenotype is somewhere in between the two homozygous phenotypes.

• Ex.-Red flowering plant crossed with white flowering plant yields pink flowering offspring

Complete Dominance

• Occurs when one allele is completely dominant over another allele

• The offspring will look like the dominant allele.

• Ex.-Homozygous tall pea plants mated with short pea plants will yield a tall offspring.

3/6/12— Ch 11 Review Questions

• Take out 1 Clean Sheet

• Title it “Ch 11 Review Questions”

-P266, #1-6

-p269, #1-5

-p274, #1-5

Genetics ReviewGenetics Review

• The study of heredityheredity.

• Gregor Mendel (1860’s)Gregor Mendel (1860’s) discovered the fundamental principles principles of genetics genetics by breedingbreeding garden peasgarden peas.

GeneticsGenetics• AllelesAlleles

1. Alternative forms of genes.genes.

2. Homozygous alleles are exactly the same.

3. Dominant alleles – capitalizedDominant alleles – capitalized

(TT(TT - tall pea plantstall pea plants)

a. Homozygous dominanta. Homozygous dominant

4. Recessive alleles - lowercaseRecessive alleles - lowercase

(tt tt - dwarf pea plantsdwarf pea plants)

a. Homozygous recessivea. Homozygous recessive

5. HeterozygousHeterozygous (different) (TtTt - tall pea plantstall pea plants)

PhenotypePhenotype

• Outward appearanceOutward appearance• Physical characteristicsPhysical characteristics

• Examples:Examples:

1.1. tall pea planttall pea plant

2.2. dwarf pea plantdwarf pea plant

GenotypeGenotype• Arrangement of genes that produces the Arrangement of genes that produces the

phenotypephenotype• Example:Example:


TT = tall (homozygous dominant)(homozygous dominant)

2.2. dwarf pea plantdwarf pea plant

tt = dwarf (homozygous recessive)(homozygous recessive)


Tt = tall (heterozygous)(heterozygous)

Practice! Practice! Practice!!!

In pea plants the Tall (T) allele is dominant over the dwarf (t) allele.



1. What is the genotype of a homozygous tall plant?



2. What is the genotype of a homozygous short plant?



3. What is the genotype of a heterozygous tall plant?



4. A plant has a genotype of Tt. What is its phenotype?



5. A plant has a genotype of tt, what is its phenotype?



6. What are the two alleles for the height of a pea plant?

Answers:

1. TT

2. tt

3. Tt4. Tall

5. short

6. T (tall) and t (short)

3/8/12— Ch 11 Review Questions



-P266, #1-6

-p269, #1-5

-p274, #1-5

Punnett squarePunnett square

• A Punnett square Punnett square is used to show the possible combinationscombinations of gametesgametes.

Breed the P generationP generation

• tall (TT) (x) dwarf (tt) pea plantstall (TT) (x) dwarf (tt) pea plants

t

t

T T

tall (TT) (x) dwarf (tt) pea plantstall (TT) (x) dwarf (tt) pea plants

t

t

T T

Tt

Tt

Tt

Tt All Tt = tall(heterozygous tall)

produces theFF11 generation generation

Breed the FF11 generation generation

• tall (Tt) (x) tall (Tt) pea plantstall (Tt) (x) tall (Tt) pea plants

T

t

T t

tall (Tt) (x) tall (Tt) pea plantstall (Tt) (x) tall (Tt) pea plants

TT

Tt

Tt

tt

T

t

T t


1/4 (25%) = TT1/2 (50%) = Tt1/4 (25%) = tt

1:2:1 genotype1:2:1 genotype 3:1 phenotype3:1 phenotype

Monohybrid CrossMonohybrid Cross

• A breeding experiment that tracks the inheritance of a single trait.single trait.

• Mendel’s “principle of segregation”Mendel’s “principle of segregation”

a. pairs of genes separate during gamete gamete formation (meiosis).(meiosis).

b. the fusion of gametesgametes at fertilization pairs genes once again.


• ExampleExample: Cross between two heterozygotesheterozygotes for brown eyes (Bb)

BB = brown eyes

Bb = brown eyes

bb = blue eyesB

b

B b

Bb x Bb

malegametes

female gametes


BB

Bb

Bb

bb

B

b

B b

Bb x Bb

1/4 = BB - brown eyed1/2 = Bb - brown eyed1/4 = bb - blue eyed

1:2:1 genotype 3:1 phenotype

3/8/12— Take out Punnett Square work from yesterday



-P266, #1-6

• Write down what you did in your Do Now

Practice! Practice! Practice!!!!

In cocker spaniels black (B) is dominant to red (rust) (b).

1. What would be the phenotypic ratio of a cross between a true breeding black crossed with a true-breeding rust?

Step 1. Write the genotypes of the parents

True breeding Black


True breeding Black BB


True breeding Black BB

True breeding rust


True breeding Black - BB

True breeding rust – bb

Step 2 – List the possible gametes from each parent

BB bb

B B b b

Step 3 Draw punnett square and place the gametes on the sides.

BB bb

B B b b

B

B

b b

Step 4 Fill in the punnett square to find the possible zygotes

BB bb

B B b b

B

B

b b

B B

B Bb

b

b

b

Step 5 Determine the genotypic and Phenotypic ratios

BB bb

B B b b

B

B

b b

B B

B Bb

b

b

bPhenotype100% Black

Genotype 100% Bb

Review! Review!! Review!!!!!

Step 5 Determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios

Step 4 Fill in the Punnett square to find the possible zygotes

Step 3 Draw Punnett square and place the gametes on the sides.

Step 2 – List the possible gametes from each parent



In cocker spaniels black (B) is dominant to red (rust) (b).

2. What would be the phenotypic ratio of a heterozygous black and a true-breeding rust?

3. Two black cocker spaniels have eight puppies: 5 black and 3 red. What are the genotypes of the two parents?


In dogs wire hair (W) is dominant to smooth (w) hair.

4. A true-breeding wire hair is crossed with a heterozygous wire hair.

What will be the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

What percentage of puppies will be homozygous for wire hair?


In dogs wire hair (W) is dominant to smooth (w) hair.

5. In a cross between a wire hair and a smooth hair 6 puppies were produced. 4 puppies had wire hair and two puppies had smooth hair.

What were the genotypes of the parents?

Practice ProblemsComplete a Punnett Square for each of

the following:

T = tall plant t = short plant

P = purple flowers p = white flowers

1. PP x pp 4. Pp x pp

2. Tt x TT 5. tt x TT

3. Pp x PP 6. Tt x tt

Ch 11 Review Questions



-P266, #1-6

-p269, #1-5

-p274, #1-5

3/13/12-Set your HW out to be checked.

Do-Now:

Complete the monohybrid cross.

1.GgxGg (Green seeds are dominant over yellow.)

2.A hybrid tall plant crossed with a pure bred short plant (Tall is dominant.)

3.A heterozygous brown haired man crossed with a blonde woman (Brown is dominant.)

**Punnett Square Quiz tomorrow, Test Thursday

Dihybrid CrossDihybrid Cross

• A breeding experiment that tracks the inheritance of two traits.two traits.

• Mendel’s “principle of independent assortment”Mendel’s “principle of independent assortment”

-each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation (metaphase I)(metaphase I)


• Example:Example: cross between roundround and yellowyellow heterozygous pea seeds.

RR = round= round

rr = wrinkled= wrinkled

YY = yellow= yellow

yy = green= greenRY Ry rY ry RY Ry rY ry x RY Ry rY ryRY Ry rY ry possible gametes produced

RrYyRrYy x RrYyRrYy


RYRY RyRy rYrY ryry

RYRY

RyRy

rYrY

ryry


RRYY

RRYy

RrYY

RrYy

RRYy

RRyy

RrYy

Rryy

RrYY

RrYy

rrYY

rrYy

RrYy

Rryy

rrYy

rryy

Round/Yellow: 9

Round/green: 3

wrinkled/Yellow: 3

wrinkled/green: 1

9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio

RYRY RyRy rYrY ryry

RYRY

RyRy

rYrY

ryry

3/14/12—Take out HW #11-14

Create (monohybrid) Punnett squares for the following, assuming that red flowers are dominant over white flowers.

1.RRxrr

2.Homozygous red flowering plant crossed with a heterozygous flowering plant

3.Heterozygous flowering plant crossed with a white flowering plant

4.Homozygous dominant flowering plant crossed with a heterozygous dominant flowering plant

Incomplete DominanceIncomplete Dominance

• F1 hybrids F1 hybrids have an appearance somewhat in in betweenbetween the phenotypes phenotypes of the two parental varieties.

• Example:Example: snapdragons (flower)snapdragons (flower)• red (RR) x white (rr)

RR = red flowerRR = red flower

rr = white flower

r

r

R R

Incomplete DominanceIncomplete Dominance

Rr

Rr

Rr

Rr

r

r

R R

All Rr = pink(heterozygous pink)


CodominanceCodominance

• Two allelesTwo alleles are expressed (multiple allelesmultiple alleles) in heterozygous individualsheterozygous individuals.

• Example:Example: blood blood

1. type A = IAIA or IAi

2. type B = IBIB or IBi

3. type AB = IAIB

4. type O = ii


• Example:Example: homozygous male B (IBIB)

x heterozygous female A (IAi)

IAIB IAIB

IBi IBi

1/2 = IAIB

1/2 = IBi

IA

IB IB

i


• Example:Example: male O (ii) x female AB (IAIB)

IAi IBi

IAi IBi

1/2 = IAi1/2 = IBi

i

IA IB

i


• QuestionQuestion: If a boy has a blood type O and his sister has blood type AB, what are the genotypes and phenotypes of their parents.

• boy - type O (ii) X girl - type AB (IAIB)


• Answer:Answer:

IAIB

ii

Parents:Parents:genotypesgenotypes = IAi and IBiphenotypesphenotypes = A and B

IB

IA i

i

Ch 11 Review Questions



-P266, #1-6

-p269, #1-5

-p274, #1-5

3/15/12-Pass back ½ sheet.

Do-Now:

1.Set out your HW to be checked

2.Complete the ½ sheet

3.Study over your Review Sheet.

3/16/12-

Do-Now: Copy AND answer the questions.






3/16/12-Do-Now: Match the term to

its meaning.

1. Mortis

2. Nomen

3. Olig

4. Pater

5. Ped

6. Peri

7. Philo

8. Polis

9. Porto

10.Post

a. Father

b. foot

c. death

d. few

e. name

f. city

g. after

h. carry

i. around

j. love

Genetic Disorders & Mutations Vocabulary

1. Mutations

2. Frameshift mutations

3. Point mutation

4. Polyploidy

5. Selective breeding

6. Genetic engineering

7. Restriction enzyme

8. Gel electrophoresis

9. Recombinant DNA

10.Transgenic

11. Clone

12. sex-linked genes

13. Nondisjunction

14.DNA fingerprinting

3/16/12- Take out EOCT p 7-8Do-Now:

COPY & ANSWER on a clean sheet of paper.

1.How do you think you did on the genetics test?

2.How long did you study outside of class?

3.Did you complete the review sheet?


5.What could we do to help you?

**Write down what you did on your Do Now sheet*

3/16/12-Do-Now: Match the term to

its meaning.

1. Mortis

2. Nomen

3. Olig

4. Pater

5. Ped

6. Peri

7. Philo

8. Polis

9. Porto

10.Post

a. Father

b. foot

c. death

d. few

e. name

f. city

g. after

h. carry

i. around

j. love

Week 11 Vocab1. Pedo – child

2. Phobia – fear

3. Phon – sound

4. Photo – light

5. Plac – please

6. Plu – More

7. Pneuma – breath

8. Pop – people

9. Prim- first

10.Psych – mind/soul

Define the following 14 terms.12-4

1. Mutations

2. Frameshift Mutations

3. Point Mutations

4. Polyploidy

13-1

5. Selective Breeding

13-2

6. Genetic Engineering

7. Restriction Enzyme

8. Gel Electrophoresis

9. Recombinant DNA

13-4

10. Transgenic

11. Clone

14-2

12. Sex-Linked Gene

13. Nondisjunction

14-3

14. DNA Fingerprinting

T. H. Morgan determined that…

• Males are XY and females are XX• Genes may be found on sex chromosomes…

SEX LINKED• Genes on an X chromosome are X-LINKED.

Genes on a Y chromosome are Y-LINKED.• Eye color in fruit flies (Drosophila

melanogaster) is X-Linked.

Only male fruit flies have white

eyes.

Sex-linked TraitsSex-linked Traits

• Traits (genes) located on the sex sex chromosomeschromosomes

• Example:Example: fruit fliesfruit flies

(redred-eyed male) X (whitewhite-eyed female)

Sex-linked TraitsSex-linked Traits• Example:Example: fruit fliesfruit flies

(red-eyed male) X (white-eyed female)

• Remember:Remember: the Y chromosomeY chromosome in males does not carry traits.

RR = red eyed

Rr = red eyed

rr = white eyed

Xy = male

XX = female

Xr

XR y

Xr

Sex-linked TraitsSex-linked Traits

XR Xr

XR Xr

Xr y

Xr y

1/2 red eyed and female1/2 white eyed and male

Xr

XR y

Xr

Sex linked traits

Examples of sex linked traits are1. Blood clotting factor – this factor is located

on the X chromosome and the dominant allele allows your blood to clot normally.

The recessive form does not allow your blood to clot.

Two recessive alleles causes the disease hemophilia.

Boys are more likely to get the disease because they only have one X.

• PEDIGREES are used to map out the inheritance patterns of a trait over several generations.

Queen Victoria

European Royal Families and Hemophilia

3/19/12-Take out your Pedigree Handout from Friday (on back of

Word Search).

Do Now:

• Using p. 353, answer question #1 AND #3 (only) in your do-now section. You may choose to write the questions with your answers or word your answers into complete sentences.

• Work on Pedigree if you didn’t

Hemophilia: A sex-linked disorder

2. Red-green color vision is another sex-linked trait. The dominant allele allows you to see reds and greens. The recessive allele prevents seeing red or green.

Boys are most often affected because of having only 1 X chromosome.

Pedigree for Colorblindness, Pedigree for Colorblindness, an X-linked Recessive Traitan X-linked Recessive Trait

3. DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (MD)- weakens and destroys muscle tissue

Sex Influenced Traits• Influenced by male or female sex

hormones

• Baldness

MUTATIONS• GERM CELL MUTATIONS-occur in

gametes, passed on to offspring without affecting parent

• SOMATIC MUTATIONS-occur in body cells, not usually passed on to offspring

TUMORS• Develop from rapid, uncontrolled cell

division– If they are BENIGN, they rarely pose a threat

to life.– If they are MALIGNANT, they will destroy

healthy tissues in the body (CANCER).

Cancer• Types of cancer

– CARCINOMAS-grow in skin & liner tissues of body (lung & breast cancer)

– SARCOMAS-grow in muscle & bone– LYMPHOMAS-grow in tissues that form blood

cells (leukemia)

Causes of cancer…1. CARCINOGENS-any substance that

increases the risk of cancer (tobacco, chemicals, Xrays, UV light)– MUTAGENS-agents that cause mutations to

occur within a cell

2. ONCOGENES-a gene that causes cancer

3. VIRUSES-may have oncogenes or stimulate a cell’s oncogenes

• LETHAL MUTATIONS cause death.

Read p. 340-348. Some of this is review for you.

Answer #1AND #2 only in your classwork and homework section.

Read p. 252 about uncontrolled cell growth.

3/20/12- Pass in any Genetic Disorders Internet Activities. Take out “Hooded Murder” Handout.

Do-Now:

1.Contrast germ & somatic cell mutations.

2.Contrast benign & malignant tumors.

3.List & describe the three main types of cancer.

4.List 3 potential causes of cancer.

Chromosome Mutations…ch. 12…

1. DELETION-part of the chromosome is lost because it has broken off (permanently deleted)

Chromosome Mutations, cont.

2. INVERSION-a piece of the chromosome breaks off and reattaches to the same chromosome in a “flip-flopped” position


3. TRANSLOCATION-a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches to another NONHOMOLOGOUS chromosome


4. NONDISJUNCTION-failure of a chromosome to separate from its homologue during meiosis*one gamete will receive an extra copy of a chromosome while the other gamete will not have the chromosome at all*DOWN SYNDROME (TRISOMY 21)-results in an extra copy of the 21st chromosome

Human Karyotype showingHuman Karyotype showinghomologous chromosome pairshomologous chromosome pairs

This individual has inherited three copies of chromosome 21 This individual has inherited three copies of chromosome 21 and has a condition called Down syndrome. and has a condition called Down syndrome.

Nondisjunction, cont.• KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME- (XXY)-

feminine characteristics, mentally impaired, infertile

• TURNER’S SYNDROME- (XO)- female appearance, no sexual maturity, infertile

Complete the following:

• P. 308 #1, 2, 4, 5 only• P. 353 #2, 4 only• Read p. 340-348. Some of this is review for you. • Answer #1AND #2 only in your classwork and

homework section.• You may choose to write the questions & your

answer OR write your answers using complete sentences.


3/21/12—Pass up Genetic Disorder or Genetic Technology Activities..

Do-Now:

1.When part of a chromosome has been broken off and is permanently lost, ___has occurred.

2.What is nondisjunction? List 3 disorders caused by nondisjunction.

3.When a piece of a chromosome breaks off, flips upside down, & reattaches to the same chromosome, ____ has occurred.

4.Define translocation.

Other Human Genetic Disorders

• Cystic fibrosis-(CF)-difficulties with breathing and digestion

• Sickle cell anemia -forms sickle shaped RBCs because of a defective protein called hemoglobin, leads to lack of O2 & circulatory problems

Fig. 11.12, p. 183

• HUNINGTON’S DISEASE (HD)-forgetfulness, irritability, loss of muscle control, spasms, mental illness, death, a genetic marker has been identified

Pedigree for Huntington’s Disease, Pedigree for Huntington’s Disease, an Autosomal Dominant Traitan Autosomal Dominant Trait

Reading Assignment

• Read p. 273

• Review p. 346-348

GENETIC SCREENING• Examination of a person’s genetic

make-up

– AMNIOCENTSIS-removes amniotic fluid to produce a karyotype

– CHORIONIC VILLI SAMPLING-tissue sample from between the uterus and placenta to produce karyotype

– Test for PKU (phenylketonuria)-body can’t metabolize phenyalinine causing brain damage

DNA Technology & Genetic Engineering

• Used to improve– Agriculture-fertilizers, foods, crops– Medicine-pharmaceutical products and

vaccines– Forensics-DNA FINGERPRINTING (the

pattern of bands made up of specific fragments from an individual’s DNA)

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

• Determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome

• Map the location of every gene on each chromosome

• Hoped to improve diagnoses, treatments, and develop cures for about 4,000 human genetic disorders

• GENE THERAPY-can be used to treat genetic disorders by introducing a gene into a cell or by correcting a gene defect

• GENETIC COUNSELING-form of medical guidance that informs parents about problems that could affect their offspring

Reading Assignment

• Read p. 322-325 & 355-360

What do you think?1. What about the ethical issues of using the

HGP?2. Is cloning ethical? Stem cell research?3. Could we be playing “God?”4. Could health insurance companies deny

policies for those programmed to get diseases?

Complete the following:

• P. 308 #1, 2, 4, 5 only• P. 353 #2, 4 only• Read p. 340-348. Some of this is review for you. • Answer #1AND #2 only in your classwork and

homework section.• You may choose to write the questions & your

answer OR write your answers using complete sentences.


3/22/12- You need a pencil. Take out your review sheet/answers.

Do-Now:

1.When cancerous cells break away from the tumor and spread throughout the body, __ has occurred.

2.By studying a __, a genetic counselor can study how a trait was inherited over several generations.

3.How is a mutagen different from a mutation?

4.Why is so much research being done on mitosis to find a cure for cancer?

5.A __ is a gene that may cause a cell to become cancerous.

3/23/12-

Do-Now: Copy AND answer the questions on a clean piece of paper.






11/1/10-Pick up your book.Do-Now:

1.Contrast somatic & germ cell mutations.

2.A diagram that shows several generations of a family & the occurrence of a trait is a ___.

3.People with Down syndrome have __ chromosomes. How could a karyotype determine if someone has Down syndrome?

4.Do human clones exist? Why or why not?

5.Contrast benign & malignant tumor.CURRENT EVENT PROJECT DUE TOMORROW!!!!!

A lack of planning on your part does not constitute an emergency on mine. It should be printed BEFORE you

arrive & is due when the last bell rings.

3/2/12- do-now: copy and answer the questions. 1.how do you think you did on the cell division test?...

Documents

generation slide

generation mendel

white pp slide

pea traits

recessive traits

generation peas

white pp pp slide

dominant alleles