3/18/2020 · 2020. 3. 18. · 3/18/2020 1 1 22 objectives •to analyze the physical, emotional,...

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Objectives

• To analyze the physical, emotional, social and intellectual needs of toddlers, preschoolers and school age children.

• To develop activities for toddlers, preschoolers and school age children to

encourage growth and learning.• To ensure toddlers, preschoolers and

school age children are meeting their dietary needs on a daily basis.

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Main Menu

• Toddlers

• Preschoolers

• School Age

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Toddlers

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A Toddler

• Is a young child who is just learning to walk

• Is a child between the ages of 1 and 3

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The Toddler Stage

• Is often referred to as “the terrible twos”• Is when most children learn to walk, talk,

solve problems and relate to others

• Is characterized by growth and mood swings

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Toddler Development

• Occurs month by month• Can be split into three different age groups

– 14 to 18 months

– 18 to 24 months

– 2 to 3 years

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Focus for Toddlers

14 to 18 Months of Age

• Is to learn how to walk independently• Is to increase the use of words in

sentences

• Is to play and explore while being supervised

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Toddlers Physical Development


• Includes:– w eighing 17 to 30 pounds

– measuring 27 to 35 inches in height

– pushing, pulling or dumping objects

– w aving bye-bye

– clapping hands

– craw ling

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Toddlers Physical Development


• Includes:– standing alone

– w alking

– sitting dow n

– carrying small objects

– rolling balls to an adult

– holding a spoon

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Toddlers Emotional Development

14 to 18 Months

• Includes:– smiling w hen happy

– crying w hen sad or frustrated

– needing comfort w hen upset

– enjoying being w ith people

– separating from parents is upsetting

– imitating others easily

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Toddlers Social Development


• Includes:– playing alone on the f loor w ith toys

– recognizing self in the mirror

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Toddlers Intellectual Development


• Includes:– saying 20 understandable w ords

– looking at the person w ho is talking to them

– looking for objects w hich are out of sight

– understanding and follow ing one step

directions

– enjoying taking items apart

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Parents of Toddlers


• Should be:– show ing pleasure in the toddler’s abilities

– making sure the play area is safe

– w atching for small objects w hich could cause

a choking hazard

• i f any are found remove them immediately

– reading to their toddler

– playing simple games

– taking w alks together

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Parents of Toddlers


• Should be:– naming objects they see

– encouraging toddler to play games

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Activities for Toddlers


• Include:– riding small toys

– pushing and pulling toys and balls

– attaching toys together

– draw ing w ith crayons w ith adult

supervision

– putting together small puzzles

containing tw o to six large

pieces

– dropping blocks into shape boxes

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Focus for Toddlers


• Includes:– becoming more independent

– imitating everything

– requiring supervision

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Toddlers’ Physical Development


• Includes:– w eighing 20 to 32 pounds

– measuring 30 to 37 inches in height

– feeding themselves

– stacking blocks

– tossing or rolling a ball

– moving w heeled toys

– developing aw areness of w et or dirty diapers

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Toddlers’ Emotional Development


• Includes:– using “no” often

– beginning to express anger and having

temper tantrums

– acting shy around strangers

– comforting a sad friend or parent

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Toddlers’ Social Development


• Includes:– having diff iculty sharing

– beginning to act very possessive

– having diff iculty w aiting on things

– enjoying adult attention

– getting physically aggressive w hen frustrated

– referring to self by name

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Toddlers’ Intellectual Development


• Includes:– know ing several hundred

w ords

– using tw o to three w ord

sentences

– talking to self

– jabbering w ith expressions

– enjoying hearing rhymes,

stories and singing

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Parents of Toddlers


• Should be: – playing w ith their child to help them grow

– w atching them as they begin to

• figure out how things work

• learn to use tools and objects

• pick up new words and ideas

• solve problems

• use their imaginations

• learn to cooperate with others

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• Include:– sorting boxes

– solving puzzles

– playing bells or music toys

– playing w ith small brooms, sponges or pots

and pans

– pulling a w agon

– ridding small toys

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• Include:– playing w ith a toy telephone

– playing w ith w ashable dolls, stuffed animals or

cloth objects

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Focus for Toddlers 2 to 3 Years of Age

• Includes:– becoming more active

– requiring supervision

– show ing more interest in

new items

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2 to 3 Years Old

• Includes:– measuring half of adult height by

2 1/2 years

– running

– jumping

– climbing

– sw inging

– beginning to show interest in

potty training

– cutting the last baby teeth

– using both hands equally

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2 to 3 Years Old

• Includes:– scribbling on paper

– beginning to put on

clothes

– beginning to sort,

poke, pull or imitate

others w ith new

toys

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2 to 3 Years Old

• Includes:– having important routines w hich build secure

feelings

– starting to develop fears

– moving to extremes from lovable to

demanding

– feeling positive or negative depending on

others’ feedback

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2 to 3 Years Old

• Includes:– feeling impulsive, easily distracted and

excitable

– starting to become easily frustrated w ith

activities and people

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Toddlers’ Social Development

2 to 3 Years Old

• Includes:– enjoying being near others

– enjoying playing w ith others

– desiring to do everything themselves

– liking people

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2 to 3 Years Old

• Includes:– speaking in tw o to three w ord sentences

– know ing 200 to 1,000 w ords, but does not

speak all of them

– talking

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2 to 3 Years Old

• Includes:– using “I,” “me” and “you”

often

– remembering w here

objects are w hen named

– remembering routines,

past events and names of

people

– identifying a picture to an

object

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Parents of Toddlers 2 to 3 Years Old

• Should be:– spending time talking and playing w ith their

child

– keeping expectations reasonable

– allow ing their child to make choices

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Parents of Toddlers 2 to 3 Years Old

• Should be:– reading books w ith simple

pictures and rhyming

w ords

– letting their child play w ith

other children

– describing new

experiences to their child

– encouraging their child to

“help”

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Activities for Toddlers 2 to 3 Years Old

• Include playing with:– markers

– big beads and string

– musical toys

– stuffed animals

– w agons

– balls, w heeled toys,

trucks and cars

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Activities for Toddlers 2 to 3 Years Old

• Include playing with:– books

– toys they can put together and pull apart

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MyPlate Food Guide Daily

Allowances for 2- to 3-Year-Olds

• Include:– three ounces of grains

– one cup of vegetables

– one cup of fruits

– tw o cups of milk

– tw o ounces of protein

foods

– three teaspoons of oils

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Toddler Needs

• Are the basic requirements to help the child reach full developmental potential

• Include:– physical

– social

– emotional

– intellectual

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Physical Needs

• For toddlers include:– eating f ive to six meals a day

– changing the toddler’s clothes

– changing the toddler’s diapers

– assistance w hile w alking

Toddlers with special needs may need help feeding themselves. They also may require more assistance

during bathing and walking.

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Social Needs

• For toddlers include:– engaging in simple conversation

– problem solving on their ow n

– playing games in order to understand how to

take turns

Toddlers with special needs may need limited duration of play dates and reduced time of non-

interactive games.

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Emotional Needs

• For toddlers include:– reassurance during times of separation

– praise w hen performing a task correctly

– cuddling

Labeling emotions for example, “you are smiling, you must be happy” can promote emotional development

in toddlers with special needs.

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Intellectual Needs

• For toddlers include:– practicing the alphabet

– identifying noises

– offering choices

– asking questions

– practicing numbers

– practicing colors

Special needs toddlers may need more time to learn new skills and continue extra practice of these

skills.

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Preschoolers

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Preschoolers

• Are children ages 3 to 5• Are children who continue

to want independence

• Enjoy being with others• Are filled with curiosity,

enthusiasm and exploring• Undergo rapid

developmental changes

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Preschoolers

• Are split into two different age groups– 3-year-olds

– 4- to 5-year-olds

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Physical Development of

3-Year-Old Preschoolers

• Includes: – grow ing slow and steady

– w alking up and dow n stairs

– hopping on one foot

– jumping in place w ith ease

– throw ing balls overhead

– holding crayons w ith thumb and index f inger

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• Includes: – building blocks

– turning pages of books

– playing w ith play dough

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Emotional & Intellectual Development

of 3-Year-Old Preschoolers

• Includes: – increasing attention span

– show ing interest in stories

– show ing interest in

preforming realistic play

such as• feeding pets

• raking leaves

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• Includes: – draw ing shapes

– putting shapes together to form trees, people

and objects

– sorting objects according to color, shape or

use

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• Includes: – matching primary colors

– know ing numbers up to four

– identifying more objects

– understanding time

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Social Development of


• Includes: – beginning to understand

taking turns

– talking to self, toys or pets

– having nightmares or fears

– enjoying simple games or

small group activities

– observing other children

playing and joining in

– enjoying being near people

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Social Development of


• Includes: – observing other children playing and joining in

– enjoying being near people

– show ing affection tow ards others

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Physical Development of 4- to 5-

Year-Old Preschoolers

• Includes:– grow ing about tw o inches per year

– w alking in a straight line

– riding a tricycle

– climbing trees, ladders and play equipment

– w riting letters

– draw ing shapes

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Year-Old Preschoolers

• Includes:– threading small beads onto string

– jumping over objects and landing on both feet

– enjoying running, painting and draw ing

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of 4- to 5-Year-Old Preschoolers

• Includes:– stacking blocks from largest

to smallest

– show ing interest in naming

letters

– recognizing a few printed

w ords

– show ing interest in books

– counting up to 20

– understanding the w ords

ending in the suff ix -est

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of 4- to 5-Year-Old Preschoolers

• Includes:– increasing attention span

– show ing interest in how things grow and w ork

– stating how many objects are in front of them

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Social Development of 4- to 5-Year-

Old Preschoolers

• Includes:– becoming friendly and outgoing

– changing moods quickly

– having a tantrum over minor frustrations

– cooperating w ith others

– participating in group activities

– beginning to tattle on other children

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Social Development of 4- to 5-Year-

Old Preschoolers

• Includes:– enjoying make believe activities

– establishing friendships w ith other children

– using verbal instead of physical aggression

tow ards others

– hesitating tow ards taking turns and sharing

– exaggerating about w hat may have happened

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Play Time

• Is important for the growth and development of preschoolers

• Benefits include:– problem solving skills

– language skills

– relationship skills

– increase creativity

– time for discovery

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• Include:– f ive ounces of grains

– one and a half cups of vegetables

– one to one and a half cups of fruits

– tw o and a half cups of milk

– four ounces of protein foods

– four teaspoons of oils

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Preschooler Needs



– social

– emotional

– intellectual

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Physical Needs

• For preschoolers include:– potty training

– playing active outside games

– stretching

Special needs preschoolers may need more time before potty training is introduced. Extra time for

activities and stretching is encouraged.

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Social Needs

• For preschoolers include:– interaction w ith other children

– conversing w ith family members

– encouraging of sharing

Toddlers with special needs may need supervision during interaction with other children.

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Emotional Needs

• For preschoolers include:– understanding

– attention

– structure

– hugging

Toddlers with special needs may need extra attention and comfort.

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Intellectual Needs

• For preschoolers include:– time for creativity

– storytelling

– asking open ended questions

– manipulation of objects w ith different textures

Toddlers with special needs may need extra time practicing and developing

new skills.

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School Age

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School Age Children

• Range from the age of 6 to 12 years old• Are involved in

– school

– social activities

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School Age Development

• Can be split into three different age groups– 6 to 7 years old

– 8 to 9 years old

– 10 to 12 years old

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School Age Children

• Include:– increasing in w eight about f ive to six pounds

per year

– grow ing tw o and a half inches in height per

year

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Year-Old School Age Children

• Includes:– enjoying many activities

and staying busy

– liking to paint and draw

– losing f irst tooth

– getting eyes examined

because vision is as

sharp as adults

– practicing skills in order

to become better

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• Includes:– jumping rope

– riding a bike

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Social & Emotional Development of

6- to 7-Year-Old School Age Children

• Includes:– cooperating and sharing

w ith others

– beginning to cheat

– becoming jealous of others

– copying adults

– playing alone or w ith

friends

– playing w ith friends of the

same gender

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• Includes:– throw ing temper

tantrums

– becoming modest about

body

– playing board games

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Intellectual Development of 6- to 7-


• Includes:– understanding the concept of numbers

– know ing daytime from nighttime

– know ing right and left hands

– imitating complex shapes such as

• a diamond

• a heart

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• Includes:– telling time

– understanding commands

– explaining objects and their uses

– repeating three numbers backw ards

– reading books

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• Include:– three ounces of grains

– one cup of vegetables

– one cup of fruits

– tw o cups of milk

– tw o ounces of protein foods

– three teaspoons of oils

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• Includes:– moving smoothly

– jumping

– skipping

– chasing

– dressing and grooming

self completely

– beginning into use tools

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• Includes:– enjoying competitions and games

– starting to change friends

– playing w ith children of the opposite gender

– becoming modest about body

– enjoying clubs and group

– becoming interested in relationships but does

not admit it

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• Includes:– counting backw ards

– know ing the date

– reading more

– understanding fractions

– understanding the

concept of space

– draw ing

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• Includes:– painting

– naming months and days of the w eek in order

– collecting objects

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Allowances for Girls 8 to 9 Years Old


– tw o cups of vegetables

– one and a half cups of

fruits

– three cups of milk

– f ive ounces of protein

foods

– f ive teaspoons of oils

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Allowances for Boys 8 to 9 Years Old

• Include:– six ounces of grains

– tw o and a half cups of

vegetables

– one and a half cups of fruits


– f ive ounces of protein foods


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• Includes:– developing remainder of adult teeth

– developing f ine skills such as

• sewing

• painting

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Social & Emotional Development of 10-

to 12-Year-Old School Age Children

• Includes:– making friends becoming increasingly

important

– increasing interest in the opposite gender

– liking and respecting parents

– enjoying talking to others

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Intellectual Development of 10- to

12-Year-Old School Age Children

• Includes:– w riting stories

– w riting letters

– reading w ell

– enjoying using the telephone

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School Environment

• Plays an important role in the growth and development of school-age children

• Provides the following:– development of social skills

– character building

– self concept

– intellectual development

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MyPlate Food Guide Daily Allowances

for Girls 10 to 12 Years Old


– tw o cups of vegetables





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MyPlate Food Guide Daily Allowances

for Boys 10 to 12 Years Old

• Include:– six ounces of grains

– tw o and a half cups of vegetables





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Activities Which Promote

Development

• Include:– sw imming

– reading

– storytelling

– draw ing

– painting

– dancing

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School-Age Children Needs



– social

– emotional

– intellectual

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Physical Needs

• For school-age children include:– exercise

– independence

– proper nutrition

School-age children with special needs may need extra time exercising to help with the lack of

physical development.

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Social Needs

• For school-age children include:– encouraging play w ith other children

– establishing clear boundaries

– encouraging sharing and telling the truth

– encouraging involvement of

clubs/organizations

School-age children with special needs may need extra encouragement to develop interest in certain

clubs/organizations.

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Emotional Needs

• For school-age children include:– teaching emotional regulation

– affection

– praise

School-age children with special needs may need reassurance their differences are unique and

something you love about them.

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Intellectual Needs

• For school-age children include:– reading daily

– one-on-one time w ith the parent

– help w ith homew ork

– regulation of electronics

– identity formation

School-age children with special needs may require enrollment of classes which foster to their specific

intellectual needs.

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Individual Identification

• Plays a crucial role in the growth and development of school-age children

• Includes development of:– likes and dislikes

– goals

– identity

– friendships

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Group Identification

• Fosters the growth and development of a school-age child by:– providing sense of belonging

– increasing social skills

– creating friendships

– developing identity

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Resources

• United States Department of Agriculture. (2011). Food Groups. Retrieved from http://www.choosemyplate.gov

• Cooperativ e Extension. Ages & Stages. Children and

Families. Retriev ed from http://fcs.okstate.edu/parenting/ages_stages

• Stanf ord Children’s Health. The Growing Child: School-Age. Retriev ed from

http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/growth/s

chag612.html

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Acknowledgements

Executive Producer

Gordon W. Davis, Ph.D.

Production CoordinatorGretchen Lochte

Brand ManagerMegan O’Quinn

Graphic DesignerMelody Rowell

Technical W riterJessica Odom

V.P. of Brand ManagementClayton Franklin

© MMXIV

CEV Multimedia, Ltd.

3/18/2020 · 2020. 3. 18. · 3/18/2020 1 1 22 objectives •to analyze the physical, emotional,...

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