3/14/2017 - new england federation of humane societies · moving beyond the “five freedoms” by...
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3/14/2017
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Miranda K. Workman, MS
CABC, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KSA
April 9, 2017
Home environment
Free to move around entire home/territory
Able to choose social partners
Ability to access resources
Predictability and Routine
Shelter Cat or Sheltered Cat?Shelter environment
Confinement
Social Isolation or “arranged marriages”
No choice regarding access to resources
Lack of predictability in daily routine
Unable to retreat from environment
What
Five Freedoms
Five Provisions
Sensory Info
Enrichment Goals
The Road Map…Where
Housing
Who
Enrichment Providers
Cats
How
Training
Play
Case Studies
Why
Improved Welfare
Education
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Freedom from hunger & thirst Ready access to fresh water &
diet to maintain full health and vigor
The Five Freedoms
WHAT
The Five ProvisionsGood nutrition
Minimize thirst and hunger, enable eating to be a positive experience
The Five Freedoms Freedom from pain, injury or
disease Prevention, rapid diagnosis,
treatment
The Five ProvisionsGood health
Minimize aversive experiences, promote pleasurable experience and physical experience
The Five Freedoms Freedom from discomfort
Appropriate environment, shelter, resting area
The Five ProvisionsGood environment
Minimize discomfort/exposure and promote thermal, physical, other comforts
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The Five Freedoms Freedom to express normal behavior
(species-specific)
Sufficient space, proper facilities & company of other cats
The Five ProvisionsAppropriate behavior
Minimize threats & unpleasant restrictions on behavior, promote engagement in rewarding activities
The Five Freedoms Freedom from fear and distress
Conditions/treatment that avoid mental suffering
The Five ProvisionsPositive mental experiences
Promote various forms of comfort, pleasure, interest, confidence and a sense of control
Visual
Auditory
Olfactory
Taste
Tactile
Sensory Enrichment
http://www.livescience.com/40460-images-cat-versus-human-vision.html
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Visual
Auditory
Olfactory
Taste
Tactile
Sensory Enrichment
Sensory Enrichment
Visual
Auditory
Olfactory
Taste
Tactile
Sensory Enrichment Visual
Auditory
Olfactory
Taste
Tactile
Ellis, S. & Wells, D. (2010) The influence of olfactory stimulation on the behaviour of cats housed in a rescue shelter Applied Animal Behavior Science 123: 56-62
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Sensory Enrichment
Visual
Auditory
Olfactory
Taste
Tactile
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WizmqL6I2ok
Sensory Enrichment
Visual
Auditory
Olfactory
Taste
Tactile
Touch…by whom?
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Are you paying attention??
www.pawsintraining.com
Feline Bite/Scratch Reports6 month period
In/Out Carrier (8)
In/Out Cage (12)
Holding (6)
Petting/Handling (13)
Trying to Catch (6)
Cleaning Cage (2)
Pulling from ceiling tile (1)
Child pulled tail (1)
Medical Restraint (5)
Fell on cat (1)
Collar caught on leg (1)
Attacked sleeping owner (1)
Enrichment Goals Increase behavioural diversity
Reduce the frequency of abnormal behaviour
Increase the range or number of normal, species-typical behaviour patterns
Increase positive utilization of the environment
Increase the ability to cope with challenges in a more normal way.
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Environmental Enrichment Strategies
Ellis, S. (2009) Environmental Enrichment: Practical Strategies for Improving Feline Welfare, Journal Feline Medicine & Surgery 11: 901-912
Five Freedoms
Hunger & thirst
Pain, injury, disease
Discomfort
Express normal behaviors
Fear & distress
Putting It All Together…Sensory
Visual
Auditory
Olfactory
Taste
Tactile
Enrichment Goals
Increase behavioral diversity
Reduce # abnormal behaviors
Increase # and range of normal behavior
Increase positive utilization of environment
Improve coping skills
Five Provisions
Good nutrition
Good health
Good environment
Appropriate behavior
Positive mental experiences
Decreasing risks
Improving physical and psychological welfare
Seeing the “whole cat”
Ultimately welfare is defined on an individual bases
Enrichment, Training & Welfare
WHY
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Show your community
the untapped potential of
cats
Educating Our Communities
WHY
More smiles & laughter
Creates opportunities to directly contribute to making a difference and saving a life by empowering staff & volunteers
Happy Caregivers
WHY
In Shelter In cage enrichment, single cat
In cage enrichment, multi-cat
Out of cage enrichment, single cat
Out of cage enrichment, multi-cat
Windows/No Windows
Sound
Placement (high vs. low)
Offsite
Foster Care
Housing and Enrichment
WHERE
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Housing and Enrichment
WHERE
Kittens
Adolescents
Adult Cats
Foster Care
WHERE
Staff
Volunteers Specialized Volunteers
Foster Homes
Shelter Visitors
Enrichment Providers
AdvoCATsSPCA Serving Erie County
WHO
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Types of Responders:
Active vs. Passive Responders
WHO
Active Responder Often at front of cage/enclosure
Rears on hind legs, attempts to climb cage/enclosure
Attempts to escape by pawing at exit point to cage/enclosure
Paws anyone passing cage/enclosure
Paces at front of enclosure/exit points in home
Attention-seeking vocalizations
Follows owner(s) in home
Displays aggressive behaviour towards people/other animals in the home
May be destructive or house soil if left alone in the home
WHO
Passive Responder Behavioral depression, including inhibition of
maintenance behaviours such as feeding, drinking, grooming, elimination
Immobility, often attempting to hide (head and/or body may be hidden under bedding/structure)
No vocalizations (although may display defensive vocalizations such as hissing/growing if approached.
Lack of interest in the environment (both social and physical)
WHO
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Object play
Food play
Predatory play
Social play
With other cats
With other animals Human & non-human
Play as Enrichment
HOW
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Targeting
Shaping
Luring
Capturing
Training as Enrichment
Photo courtesy of Anne Neville/ Buffalo News
HOW
“I can’t thank this program enough for allowing us glimpses of cats’ true personalities and not just their coping mechanisms in the shelter.”
+R Training: Cat Pawsitive
HOW
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Kittens on Campus
HOW
Behavioral Foster Care:
Pawsitive Journeys
• Identify Cats• Identify
Foster Homes• Provide
Support
Photo courtesy of SPCA Serving Erie County
HOW
Aggressive Behavior
Inappropriate Play
Confinement Frustration
Enrichment and Behavior –Case Study: Hattie
HOW
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Cats in Isolation (contagious disease)
Post-surgical/surgical recovery
Case Study: Louie
Traumatic injury/conditions requiring cage rest/confinement
Case Study: Trax
Enrichment and Behavior –
Medical Cases
Louie
Trax
HOW
Lack of response to environment
Unknown medical condition?
Enrichment and Behavior –Case Study: Athena
HOW
WHAT
WHERE
WHO
HOW
WHEN NOW!!
In Summary…
WHEN
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Dybdall, K., Strasser, R., & Katz, T. (2007). Behavioral differences between owner surrender and stray domestic cats after entering an animal shelter. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 104(1), 85-94.
Cannas, S., Maltese, F., Boselli, A., Talamnoti, Z. & Palestrini, C., (2014) Effect of F3 fraction of facial pheromone on cats behavior in a boarding cattery: A pilot study. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research , 6(9): e17
DeLuca, A. M., & Kranda, K. C. (1992). Environmental enrichment in a large animal facility. Lab animal (USA).
Ellis, S. & Wells, D. (2010). The influence of olfactory stimulation on the behavior of cats housed in a rescue shelter. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 123: 56-62
Ellis, S. (2009) Practical strategies for improving feline welfare. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11: 901-912
Ewing, T. (2010) Hyperesthesia Syndrome [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.vet.cornell.edu/fhc/healthingo/HyperesthesiaSyndrome.cfm (Last Accessed: 9/10/2015)
Farm Animal Welfare Council. (1992) Five freedoms. Vet. Rec, 131: 357
Gourkow, N. & Fraser, D. (2006) The effect of housing and handling practices on the welfare, behavior and selection of domestic cats (Felis sylvestris catus) by adopters in an animal shelter. Animal Welfare, 15: 371-377
Gourkow, N., & Phillips, C. J. (2016). Effect of cognitive enrichment on behavior, mucosal immunity and upper respiratory disease of shelter cats rated as frustrated on arrival. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 131, 103-110.
Gouveia, K., Magalhães, A., & de Sousa, L. (2011). The behaviour of domestic cats in a shelter: Residence time, density and sex ratio. Applied animal behaviour science, 130(1), 53-59.
Guy, N., Hopson, M., Vanderstichel, R. (2014). Litterbox size preference in domestic cats (Felis catus). Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research , 9(2): 78-82.
References
INFO
Kessler, M. R., & Turner, D. C. (1997). Stress and adaptation of cats (Felis silvestris catus) housed singly, in pairs and in groups in boarding catteries. Animal Welfare, 6(3), 243-254.
Kessler, M. R., & Turner, D. C. (1999). Socialization and stress in cats (Felis silvestris catus) housed singly and in groups in animal shelters. Animal Welfare, 8: 15-26
Kry, K. & Casey, R. (2007) The effect of hiding enrichment on stress levels and behavior of domestic cats (Felis sylvestris catus) in a shelter setting and the implication for adoption potential. Animal Welfare, 16:375-383.
Maddie’s Fund (2015) Capacity for Care. [ONLINE] Available at: www.maddiesfund.org/capacity-for-care.htm (Last Accessed: 9/13/15)
Mellor, D. J. (2016). Moving beyond the “five freedoms” by updating the “five provisions” and introducing aligned “animal welfare aims”. Animals, 6(10), 59.
Mellor, D. J. (2016). Updating animal welfare thinking: Moving beyond the “Five Freedoms” towards “a Life Worth Living”. Animals, 6(3), 21.
Mira, F., Costa, A., Mendes, E., Azevedo, P., & Carreira, L. M. (2015). Influence of music and its genres on respiratory rate and pupil diameter variations in cats under general anaesthesia: contribution to promoting patient safety. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 1098612X15575778.
Open Paw. Minimum Mental Health Requirements for Shelters. [ONLINE] Available at: www.openpaw.org/about/minimum_health.html (Last Accessed: 9/10/15)
Patel, G., Health, S., Coyne, K. & German, A.C. (2010) Pilot study to investigate whether a feline pheromone analogue reduces anxiety-related behavior during clinical examination of cats in a rescue shelter. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 5(1): 33
Rehnberg, L. K., Robert, K. A., Watson, S. J., & Peters, R. A. (2015). The effects of social interaction and environmental enrichment on the space use, behaviour and stress of owned housecats facing a novel environment.Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 169, 51-61.
Stella, J., Croney, C., & Buffington, T. (2014). Environmental factors that affect the behavior and welfare of domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) housed in cages. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 160, 94-105.
Vinke, C.M., Van Der Leij, W.J.R. (2014) Will a hiding box provide stress reduction for shelter cats? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 160: 86-93
Workman, M.K. (2014) Ares – The Power of choice (or Trusting Your Crazy Ideas). [ONLINE} http://www.mirandakworkman.com/#!Ares-the-Power-of-Choice-or-Trusting-Your-Crazy-Ideas/c17jj/4EE88187-370F-482B-A707-E69FB9E7E335 (Last Accessed: 9/10/15)
INFO
Miranda K. Workman, MSCABC, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KSA
Clinical Assistant Professor, Canisius College
Lead Trainer/Mentor, Jackson Galaxy Foundation
Chair, Cat Division, IAABC
THANK YOU!