3.1: articles of confederation & the u.s. constitution follow along in the student packet:...
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3.1: Articles of Confederation & the U.S. Constitution
Follow along in the student packet: “Content students MUST KNOW to be successful on the GHSGT” (pg. 53-54)
The United States, 1783
America’s 1st national gov’t was the Articles
of Confederation (1777-1789)
The Articles established a weak
national gov’t in order to protect state power
The Successes of the ArticlesThe Articles
established a good system of settling
western lands
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 allowed for local gov’t, statehood,
& outlawed slavery in the NW
The Land Ordinance of 1785 established an
orderly process for laying out western townships
One positive about the Articles was that it established an effective plan for resolving conflicts associated with the settlement of ___________ lands.Western
Constitutional Reform By 1787, the fatal flaws of the Articles of Confed were exposed: Shays’ RebellionShays’ Rebellion broke out among desperate MA farmers who faced losing their farms or being sent to debtor’s prison
Congress called for a meeting in Philadelphia to discuss revising the Articles & improve the nationa1 gov’t
Shays’ Rebellion gave nationalists like Washington, Madison, Hamilton the
urgencyurgency to call for a stronger national gov’t
The Constitutional Convention
James Madison helped broker many of the compromises that made the
Constitution possible & is referred to as the “father of the Constitution”
A constitutional convention was held in Philadelphia to fix the
Articles of Confederation, but a new gov’t was created instead
The Great Compromise
Congress
Senate House of Representatives
Based on every state having the same number
Based on population
The Constitution
Foundational Principles of the Constitution
Key principles of American gov’t:
Rule of Law
Federalism
Popular Sovereignty
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Written law restricts the government’s power
Balance of local, state, & national governmentPower is in the hands of the people (voting)
Prevents the concentration & abuse of power
by creating 3 equal branches
of gov’t
Allows each branch of gov’t power over the
other 2 branches
Key Ideas of the Constitution
The supremacy clause establishes the Constitution (not the states) as the
"the supreme law of the land"
Federalism—state gov’ts & the national gov’t both have power
Popular Sovereignty: the people hold power
Rule of Law
Federalist vs. Antifederalist
Federalist• Favored a strong
_________ government• _____ interpretation of
the Constitution that gave the national government enough power to do the will of the people
• George Washington, John _________, Alexander Hamilton
Antifederalist• Favored weak national
government and strong ________ governments
• _______ interpretation of the Constitution
• Demanded a bill of _________ be added to the Constitution
• Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, Thomas _____
NationalLoose
Adams
stateStrict
rights
Paine
To win ratification, the Federalists agreed to add a Bill of Rights to
protect citizens’ liberty; all 13 states agreed to ratify the Constitution
Know Your (Bill of) Rights!
1 Run Religious and Political Freedom
2 Zoo Right to Bear Arms
3 Tree Quartering Troops
4 Door Search and Seizure
5 Hive Rights of Accused People
6 Sick Right to a Speedy, Public Trial
7 Heaven Trial by Jury in Civil Cases
8 Gate Limits of Fines and Punishments
9 Dine Rights of People
10 Hen Powers of States and People
(1)Freedom of Speech, (2) the Press, and (3) Religion; (4) Right to peaceably assemble and (5) to petition government.
SpeechPressReligionAssembleYou canpetition thegovernment
How many amendments are included in the Bill of Rights?
Speed!
1. 10 2. 27 3. 1 4. 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
4th Amendment
Speed!
1. Rights of Accused People
2. Right to a Speedy, Public Trial
3. Search and Seizure
4. Limits of Fines and Punishments
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
8th Amendment
Rel
igio
us and ..
.
Rig
ht to b
ear .
..
Quar
terin
g Tro
...
Lim
its o
f Fin
e...
0% 0%0%0%
10
0
27
Speed!
1. Religious and political freedom
2. Right to bear arms
3. Quartering Troops 4. Limits of Fines and
Punishments
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
2nd Amendment
Rel
igio
us and ..
.
Rig
ht to B
ear .
..
Quar
terin
g Tro
...
Rig
hts o
f Acc
u...
0% 0%0%0%
10
0
27
Caution: NEVER confuse this with the right to arm bears.
Speed!
1. Religious and Political Freedom
2. Right to Bear Arms
3. Quartering Troops4. Rights of Accused
people
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
6th Amendment
Rig
hts o
f Acc
u...
Rig
ht to a
Spe.
..
Tria
l by
Jury
...
Lim
its o
f Fin
e...
0% 0%0%0%
10
0
27
Speed!
1. Rights of Accused People
2. Right to a Speedy, Public Trial
3. Trial by Jury in Civil Cases
4. Limits of Fines and Punishments
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
1st Amendment
Rel
igio
us and ..
.
Rig
ht to B
ear .
..
Quar
terin
g Tro
...
Sea
rch a
nd Sei
...
0% 0%0%0%
10
0
27
Speed!
1. Religious and Political Freedom
2. Right to Bear Arms
3. Quartering Troops4. Search and
Seizure
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
All of the following are covered under the 1st Amendment EXCEPT
Fre
edom
of S
pe...
Fre
edom
of R
el...
Rig
ht to B
ear .
..
Rig
ht to P
eace
...
0% 0%0%0%
10
0
27
Speed!
1. Freedom of Speech
2. Freedom of Religion
3. Right to Bear Arms
4. Right to Peaceably Assemble
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
5th Amendment
Rig
hts o
f Acc
u...
Rig
ht to a
Spe.
..
Sea
rch a
nd Sei
...
Lim
its o
f Fin
e...
0% 0%0%0%
10
0
27
Speed!
1. Rights of Accused People
2. Right to a Speedy, Public Trial
3. Search and Seizure
4. Limits of Fines and Punishments
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
3rd Amendment
Rel
igio
us and ..
.
Rig
ht to B
ear .
..
Quar
terin
g Tro
...
Sea
rch a
nd Sei
...
0% 0%0%0%
10
0
27
Speed!
1. Religious and Political Freedom
2. Right to Bear Arms
3. Quartering Troops4. Search and
Seizure
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
7th Amendment
Rig
hts o
f Acc
u...
Rig
ht to a
Spe.
..
Tria
l by
Jury
...
Lim
its o
f Fin
e...
0% 0%0%0%
10
0
27
Speed!
1. Rights of Accused People
2. Right to a Speedy, Public Trial
3. Trial by Jury in Civil Cases
4. Limits of Fines and Punishments
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
The due process clause in the 5th Amendment and the right to an attorney in the 6th were designed to
Pro
vide
for j
u...
Pro
tect
free
do...
Ensu
re fa
ir tr.
..
Ass
ure th
at la
...
0% 0%0%0%
10
0
27
1. Provide for judicial review of laws
2. Protect freedom of expression
3. Ensure fair treatment for those accused of crimes
4. Assure that laws are properly enacted
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Who were the two groups during the Constitutional convention who were in major conflict over how states should be represented?
Dem
ocrat
s vs
. Repub...
Fed
eral
ist v
s. A
nti-Fe.
..
Sen
ators
vs.
Mem
ber...
Lar
ge st
ates
vs. s
mal
l...
0% 0%0%0%
1. Democrats vs. Republicans
2. Federalist vs. Anti-Federalists
3. Senators vs. Members of the House
4. Large states vs. small states
10
0
27
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
To keep any one branch of government from gaining too much power, the Framers built in a system of
reje
ctin
g a b
ill.
an e
xecu
tive
branch
.
vet
oing.
chec
ks a
nd bal
ance
s.
0% 0%0%0%
1. rejecting a bill.
2. an executive branch.
3. vetoing. 4. checks and
balances.
10
0
27
Speed!
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
The Great Compromise was an agreement about how to
ratif
y the
Constitu
tion.
count s
lave
s in
det
er...
det
erm
ine
a sta
te's
r...
div
ide
power
s bet
wee
...
0% 0%0%0%
1. ratify the Constitution. 2. count slaves in
determining population. 3. determine a state's
representation in Congress.
4. divide powers between the states and central government.
10
0
27
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
A major obstacle to ratification of the Constitution was the belief of some leaders that
the c
onstitu
tion d
id n
o...
the b
ill o
f rig
hts o
ffer..
sta
te g
overn
men
ts w
e..
a b
ill o
f rig
hts s
hould...
0% 0%0%0%
1. the constitution did not include the power of the government to tax.
2. the bill of rights offered too many liberties.
3. state governments were given too many powers.
4. a bill of rights should be added before ratification.
10
0
27
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
A Federalist interpretation of the Constitution resulted in a national government that was
stro
ng enough to
do ..
.
wea
k and la
ckin
g in p
...
bas
ed o
n sep
arat
ion ..
unab
le to
pro
tect
itse
l...
0% 0%0%0%
1. strong enough to do the will of the people.
2. weak and lacking in prestige.
3. based on separation of powers.
4. unable to protect itself from British invasion.
10
0
27
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to
pro
tect
per
sonal
liber
...
make
the
Constitu
tion...
make
all
citiz
ens e
qua...
lim
it th
e pow
er o
f the
...
0% 0%0%0%
1. protect personal liberties.
2. make the Constitution flexible.
3. make all citizens equal under the law.
4. limit the power of the judicial branch.
10
0
27
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27