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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS   CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW Kevin T. Snider, SBN 170988 Counsel of Record PACIFIC JUSTICE INSTITUTE [email protected] 212 9 th St. Suite 208 Oakland, CA 94607 Tel. (510) 834-7232 Fax (510) 834-8784 ATTORNEYS FOR PROPOSED AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA KRISTIN M. PERRY, SANDRA B. STIER, PAUL T. KATAMI, and JEFFREY J. ZARRILLO, Plaintiffs, CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO, Plaintiff-Intervenor, v. ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, in his official capacity as Governor of California; EDMUND G. BROWN, JR., in his official capacity as Attorney General of California; MARK B. HORTON, in his official capacity as Director of the California Department of Public Health and State Registrar of Vital Statistics; LINETTE SCOTT, in her official capacity as Deputy Director of Health Information & Strategic Planning for the California Department of Public Health; PATRICK O’CONNELL, in his official capacity as Clerk-Recorder for the County of Alameda; and DEAN C. LOGAN, in his official capacity as Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk for the County of Los Angeles, Defendants, and PROPOSITION 8 OFFICIAL PROPONENTS DENNIS HOLLINGSWORT H, GAIL J. KNIGHT, MARTIN F. GUTIERREZ, HAK-  CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE  AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIA TRICIANS; [PROPOSED] ORDER AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT- INTERVENORS Date: (T o be determined by the Court) Time: Location: Courtroom 6, 17th Floor Judge: Chief Judge V aughn R. W alker Trial Date: January 1 1, 2010 Case3:09-cv-02292-VRW Document374 Filed01/08/10 Page1 of 4

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MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS –  

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

Kevin T. Snider, SBN 170988Counsel of Record 

PACIFIC JUSTICE INSTITUTE [email protected] 9

thSt. Suite 208

Oakland, CA 94607Tel. (510) 834-7232

Fax (510) 834-8784

ATTORNEYS FOR PROPOSED AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS 

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

KRISTIN M. PERRY, SANDRA B. STIER, PAUL

T. KATAMI, and JEFFREY J. ZARRILLO,

Plaintiffs,

CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO,

Plaintiff-Intervenor,

v.

ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, in his official

capacity as Governor of California; EDMUND G.BROWN, JR., in his official capacity as Attorney

General of California; MARK B. HORTON, in hisofficial capacity as Director of the California

Department of Public Health and State Registrar of 

Vital Statistics; LINETTE SCOTT, in her official

capacity as Deputy Director of Health Information& Strategic Planning for the California Department

of Public Health; PATRICK O’CONNELL, in his

official capacity as Clerk-Recorder for the Countyof Alameda; and DEAN C. LOGAN, in his official

capacity as Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk forthe County of Los Angeles,

Defendants,

and

PROPOSITION 8 OFFICIAL PROPONENTSDENNIS HOLLINGSWORTH, GAIL J.KNIGHT, MARTIN F. GUTIERREZ, HAK-

 CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILEBRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE  AMERICAN COLLEGE OFPEDIATRICIANS; [PROPOSED]ORDER 

AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF INSUPPORT OF DEFENDANT-INTERVENORS

Date: (To be determined by the Court)

Time:Location: Courtroom 6, 17th FloorJudge: Chief Judge Vaughn R. Walker

Trial Date: January 11, 2010

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MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS –  

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

SHING WILLIAM TAM, and MARK A.JANSSON; and PROTECTMARRIAGE.COM –  YES ON 8, A PROJECT OF CALIFORNIARENEWAL,

Defendants-Intervenors.

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1

MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS –  

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

TO THE PARTIES AND THEIR ATTORNEYS OF RECORD:

PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that at a date and time to be determined by the Court, or as soon

thereafter as the matter may be heard, before the Honorable Vaughn R. Walker, United States

District Court for the Northern District of California, 450 Golden Gate Avenue, San Francisco,

California, amicus curiae American College of Pediatricians (“ Amicus” or “College”), will move

this Court for an order granting leave to participate amicus curiae in the above-captioned case in

support of Defendant-Intervenors.

 Amicus has conferred with counsel for all parties. Counsel for the Attorney General, the

Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk, County of Los Angeles, and Clerk Recorder of the County of 

Alameda have consented to this motion. Counsel for the Perry Plaintiffs have not responded to the

request for consent. Moreover, Counsel for the Plaintiff-Intervenor City and County of San

Francisco has not consented to the brief.

I. STANDARD FOR MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF A MICUSC URIAE 

The Court has broad discretion to permit third parties to participate in an action as amicus

curiae. Gerritsen v. de la Madrid Hurtado, 819 F.2d 1511, 1514 n.3 (9th Cir. 1987). Participation of 

amicus curiae may be particularly appropriate where the legal issues in a case have potential

ramifications beyond the parties directly involved or where amicus can offer a unique perspective

that may assist the Court. Sonoma Falls Devs., LLC v. Nev. Gold & Casinos, Inc., 272 F. Supp.2d

919, 925 (N.D. Cal. 2003).

II. STATEMENT OF IDENTITY AND INTEREST OF A MICUSC URIAE 

  Amicus Curiae American College of Pediatricians is a national medical association of 

pediatricians and other healthcare professionals who specialize in the care of infants, children, and

adolescents. The College was formed in 2002 to promote the welfare of children and the

preservation of the natural family, and is dedicated to ensuring all children reach their optimal

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MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS –  

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

physical and emotional well-being. Its members believe that children are the future of our nation

and should be reared in the best possible family environment and supported by physicians

committed to ensuring their optimal health and well-being.

The College is dedicated to educating parents, pediatricians, policy makers, and society

about factors that are most likely to enhance a child’s well-being.

The College recognizes that the basic father-mother family unit within the context of 

marriage is the optimal setting for childhood development. Its members promote this basic family

unit while pledging support for all children, regardless of their circumstances. Consistent with that

goal, the College has filed briefs amicus curiae in cases dealing with parenting and the welfare of 

children.

III. R EASONS WHY AMICUS CURIAE’S EXPERTISE WILL BE BENEFICIAL TO THIS COURT 

Based on its academic and professional expertise, the College publishes position papers and

policy statements on issues affecting children, families, and society using evidenced-based medical

research and expert opinion to assist parents and influence childrearing. The College’s expertise

will be beneficial to the Court in determining whether the decision to set parameters on marriage is

both rational and compelling.

IV. CONCLUSION 

Wherefore, American College of Pediatricians requests this Court’s leave to submit an

amicus brief in support of Defendant-Intervenors.

Dated: January 8, 2010.

By: /s/ Kevin T. Snider ______________KEVIN T. SNIDER

PACIFIC JUSTICE INSTITUTE [email protected] 9th St. Suite 208Oakland, CA 94607Tel. (510) 834-7232Fax (510) 834-8784

ATTORNEY FOR AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN

COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS 

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PETITION AND BRIEF AMICI CURIAE OF COLLEGE OF AMERICAN PEDIATRICIANS IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANTS

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

KEVIN T. SNIDERCounsel of Record 

PACIFIC JUSTICE INSTITUTE 

[email protected]

212 9th

St. Suite 208Oakland, CA 94607

Tel. (510) 834-7232Fax (510) 834-8784

ATTORNEY FOR PROPOSED AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS 

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

KRISTIN M. PERRY, SANDRA B. STIER, PAULT. KATAMI, and JEFFREY J. ZARRILLO,

Plaintiffs,

v.

ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, in his officialcapacity as Governor of California; EDMUND G.

BROWN, JR., in his official capacity as Attorney

General of California; MARK B. HORTON, in hisofficial capacity as Director of the CaliforniaDepartment of Public Health and State Registrar of 

Vital Statistics; LINETTE SCOTT, in her official

capacity as Deputy Director of Health Information& Strategic Planning for the California Department

of Public Health; PATRICK O’CONNELL, in his

official capacity as Clerk-Recorder for the Countyof Alameda; and DEAN C. LOGAN, in his official

capacity as Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk for

the County of Los Angeles,

Defendants,

and

PROPOSITION 8 OFFICIAL PROPONENTSDENNIS HOLLINGSWORTH, GAIL J.KNIGHT, MARTIN F. GUTIERREZ, HAK-SHING WILLIAM TAM, and MARK A.JANSSON; and PROTECTMARRIAGE.COM –  YES ON 8, A PROJECT OF CALIFORNIA

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

PETITION AND BRIEF AMICI

CURIAE OF COLLEGE OF

AMERICAN PEDIATRICIANS IN

SUPPORT OF DEFENDANTS 

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PETITION AND BRIEF AMICI CURIAE OF COLLEGE OF AMERICAN PEDIATRICIANS IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANTS

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

RENEWAL,

Intervenors.

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iPETITION AND BRIEF AMICI CURIAE OF PROFESSORS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANTS

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ........................................................................................................ ii

INTEREST OF AMICI ..................................................................................................................1

DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................1

CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................................................4

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iiPETITION AND BRIEF AMICI CURIAE OF PROFESSORS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANTS

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW 

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Amato, P., The impact of family formation change on the cognitive, social, and emotionalwell-being of the next generation, THE FUTURE OF CHILDREN 78 (2005) ……… .........….2

Amato, P., & Afifi, T. D., Feeling caught between parents: Adult children’s relations withparents and subjective well-being, JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY 222 (2006) ........2

Amato, P., & Booth, A., A generation at risk: Growing up in an era of family upheaval 68(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 2000) ………… …………………….... .2

Aquilino, W. S., Impact of childhood family disruption on young adults’ relationships with parents, JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 56, 295-313 (1994) .............................2

Battle, J., What beats having two parents?: Educational outcomes for African-Americanstudents in single- versus dual-parent families, JOURNAL OF BLACK STUDIES 28, 783-801 (1998) ……… ...................................................................................................... …….2

Blackmon, L., Clayton, O., Glenn, N., Malone-Colon, L., & Roberts, A., The consequencesof marriage for African Americans: A comprehensive literature review, NEW YORK: INSTITUTE FOR AMERICAN VALUES 19 (2005) ....................................................................2

Blankenhorn, D., The Future of Marriage 175 (2007) ....................................................................3

Daly, M., & Wilson, M., Homocide (4th

ed. London: Transaction Publishers 2008) ....................2

Doherty, W.J., Kouneski, E.F. & Erickson, M.F., Responsible fathering: An overview and conceptual framework, JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 286 (1998)…...… ........2

Ellis, B. J., et al., Does father absence place daughters at special risk for early sexual activityand teenage pregnancy?, CHILD DEVELOPMENT 818 (2003) ............................................. 3 

Flewelling, R.L. & Bauman, K.E., Family Structure as a Predictor of Initial Substance Useand Sexual Intercourse in Early Adolescence, JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE

FAMILY 52, 171-81 (1990) ...................................................................................................3

Harper, C., & McLanahan, S., Father absence and youth incarceration, JOURNAL OF

RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 14, 369-397 (2002) ..............................................................2

Heiss, J., Effects of African American family structure on school attitude and Performance, SOCIAL PROBLEMS 43, 246-267 (1996) ...............................................................................2

Lerner, R., & Nagai, A, No basis: What the studies don’t tell us about same-sex parenting.Washington, DC: Marriage Law Project (2001). ................................................................3 

Manning, W. D., & Lamb, K. A., Adolescent well-being in cohabiting, married, and single- parent families, JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY 65, 876-893 (2003) ........................2

Margolin, L., Child abuse by mothers’ boyfriends: Why the overrepresentation?, CHILD

ABUSE AND NEGLECT 16, 546 (1992) ..................................................................................2

McLanahan, S., & Sandefur, G., Growing Up With a Single Parent: What hurts, What Helps 61(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (1994) .......................................................2

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iiiPETITION AND BRIEF AMICI CURIAE OF PROFESSORS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANTS

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW 

Moore, Kristin Anderson et al., Marriage from a Child’s Perspective: How Does Family Structure Affect Children and What Can We Do About It?, Child Trends ResearchBrief at 1-2 (June 2002) .......................................................................................................1

Musick, K., & Mare, R. D., Family structure, intergenerational mobility, and thereproduction of poverty: Evidence for increasing polarization?, DEMOGRAPHY 41, 629-648 (2004) ....................................................................................................................3

Nock, S. L., Sworn affidavit of Stephen Lowell Nock . Ontario Superior Court of Justice.Between Hedy Halpern et al. and the Attorney General of Canada et al.: Court FileNo. 684/0 (2001) ................................................................................................................. 3

Page, M. E., & Stevens, A. H., Understanding racial differences in the economic costs of growing up in a single-parent family, DEMOGRAPHY 42, 75-90 (2005) ..............................3

Popenoe, D., Life without father: Compelling new evidence that fatherhood and marriage areindispensable for the good of children and society (New York: Basic 1996). ................................3

Rank, M. R., & Hirshl, T. A., The economic risk of childhood in America: Estimating the probability of poverty across the formative years, JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE

FAMILY 61, 1058-1067 (1999); see also Akerlof, G., Men without children,ECONOMIC JOURNAL 298 (1998) ..........................................................................................3

Trumbull, D.A. et al., Letter to the Editor: The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and  Domestic Partnership Laws on the Health and Well-Being of Children: In Reply,Pediatrics 118, 2261-64 (2006) ............................................................................................1

Waite, L., Does marriage matter? DEMOGRAPHY , 32, 483-507 ...9(1995) .....................................3

Waite, L., & Gallagher, M., The case for marriage: Why married people are happier,healthier, and better off financially 134 (New York: Doubleday 2000) ............................2

Wilcox, W. B., et al., Why marriage matters, NEW YORK:  INSTITUTE FOR AMERICAN VALUES 28 (2d ed. 2005) ...................................................................................................................3

Wilson, M., & Daly, M., Risk of maltreatment of children living with stepparents, CHILD

ABUSE AND NEGLECT:  BIOSOCIAL DIMENSIONS (R. Gelles & J. Lancaster eds. NewYork 1987) ...........................................................................................................................2

Zill, N., Morrison, D. R., & Coiro, M. J., Long-term effects of parental divorce on parent-child relationships, adjustment, and achievement in young adulthood, JOURNAL OF

FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY 7, 91-103 (1993) ...............................................................................2

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1PETITION AND BRIEF AMICI CURIAE OF PROFESSORS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANTS

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW 

INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE 

 Amicus Curiae American College of Pediatricians is a national medical association of 

pediatricians and other healthcare professionals who specialize in the care of infants, children, and

adolescents. The College was formed in 2002 to promote the welfare of children and the preservation

of the natural family, and is dedicated to ensuring all children reach their optimal physical and

emotional well-being. Its members believe that children are the future of our nation and should be

reared in the best possible family environment and supported by physicians committed to ensuring

their optimal health and well-being.

Our mission, as the American College of Pediatricians, is to enable all children to reach their

optimal physical and emotional health and well-being. Because the basic father-mother family unit,

within the context of marriage, is the optimal setting for childhood development, we work to promote

it and expect societal forces and families to do so as well — even if it means placing the needs of 

children above the desires of adults.

DISCUSSION

Traditional marriage, as the union of a man and a woman, is a unique and natural institution

from which new life arises and in which new life naturally flourishes. Because only the union of a

man and a woman can create children, society always has and always will depend upon traditional

marriage to provide for future generations. A child raised by his or her married, natural parents

receives protection and nurturance by the natural affection and attachment of the biological mother

and father.1 

Our view of the importance of traditional marriage to childhood health and well-being is

1 See Trumbull, D.A. et al., Letter to the Editor: The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and Domestic

Partnership Laws on the Health and Well-Being of Children: In Reply, Pediatrics 118, 2261-64(2006); see also Kristin Anderson Moore, et al., Marriage from a Child ’s Perspective: How DoesFamily Structure Affect Children and What Can We Do About It?, Child Trends Research Brief  at 1-2 (June 2002), available at http://www.childtrends.org/files/MarriageRB602.pdf.  

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2PETITION AND BRIEF AMICI CURIAE OF PROFESSORS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANTS

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW 

supported by a broad array of empirical evidence. Studies have consistently shown that family

structure matters to the well-being of children, with children from traditional, intact families — those

consisting of a married mother and father and their biological children — faring better than those

raised in non-intact families headed by single, step, or cohabiting parents on a number of 

measurements related to physical and emotional health and well-being.2

For example, children raised

in intact families are:

more likely to enjoy a close relationship with their parents;3 

more likely to succeed academically and professionally;4 

less likely to suffer from child abuse5;

less likely to engage in delinquent, criminal, and other forms of anti-social behavior6;

2 We note that some researchers treat as ―intact‖ families consisting of a married mother and

father and children adopted during infancy. The prevalence of such families is sufficientlysmall that their inclusion does not impede drawing conclusions about the importance of married, biological parents.3 See Amato, P., & Afifi, T. D., Feeling caught between parents: Adult children’s relationswith parents and subjective well-being, JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY 222 (2006);Aquilino, W. S., Impact of childhood family disruption on young adults’ relationships with parents, JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 56, 295-313 (1994); Zill, N., Morrison, D.R., & Coiro, M. J., Long-term effects of parental divorce on parent-child relationships,adjustment, and achievement in young adulthood, JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY 7, 91-103(1993). This is particularly so with respect to fathers. See Amato, P., & Booth, A., A

generation at risk: Growing up in an era of family upheaval 68 (Cambridge, MA: HarvardUniversity Press 2000); Doherty, W.J., Kouneski, E.F. & Erickson, M.F., Responsible fathering: An overview and conceptual framework, JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 286 (1998).4 Amato, P., The impact of family formation change on the cognitive, social, and emotionalwell-being of the next generation, THE FUTURE OF CHILDREN 78 (2005); Battle, J., What beatshaving two parents?: Educational outcomes for African-American students in single- versusdual-parent families, JOURNAL OF BLACK STUDIES 28, 783-801 (1998); Heiss, J., Effects of  African American family structure on school attitude and Performance, SOCIAL PROBLEMS 43, 246-267 (1996); McLanahan, S., & Sandefur, G., Growing Up With a Single Parent: What hurts, What Helps 61(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (1994).5 See Daly, M., & Wilson, M., Homocide (4th ed. London: Transaction Publishers 2008);Margolin, L., Child abuse by mothers’ boyfriends: Why the overrepresentation?, CHILD ABUSE

AND NEGLECT 16, 546 (1992); Wilson, M., & Daly, M., Risk of maltreatment of children livingwith stepparents, CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT:  BIOSOCIAL DIMENSIONS (R. Gelles & J.Lancaster eds. New York 1987).6 See Blackmon, L., Clayton, O., Glenn, N., Malone-Colon, L., & Roberts, A., The

consequences of marriage for African Americans: A comprehensive literature review, NEW

YORK:  INSTITUTE FOR AMERICAN VALUES 19 (2005); Manning, W. D., & Lamb, K. A., Adolescent well-being in cohabiting, married, and single-parent families, JOURNAL OF

MARRIAGE AND FAMILY 65, 876-893 (2003); Harper, C., & McLanahan, S., Father absence and  youth incarceration, JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 14, 369-397 (2002); Waite, L.,& Gallagher, M., The case for marriage: Why married people are happier, healthier, and (Continued)

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3PETITION AND BRIEF AMICI CURIAE OF PROFESSORS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANTS

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW 

less likely to experience poverty — and transmit that experience to their children7;

less likely to engage in early sexual activity and experience teenage pregnancy;8 

less likely to engage in substance abuse;9 

less likely to experience negative health outcomes, including suicide (and early mortality in

general).10

 

This is only a small sampling of the evidence supporting the benefits to the child of being raised

in an intact family. Traditional marriage is a powerful ―pro-child social institution.‖11 

Evidence about the effect of same-sex parenting on child development is much less developed.

This is not surprising given the novelty of the idea; it is simply too early to tell what impact same-sex

parenting has on children, particularly as they grow into adolescence and adulthood. Many

supporters of same-sex marriage claim that research shows that children raised by same-sex couples

fare just as well as children raised by their married, biological parents. The studies they rely on,

however, ―suffer critical flaws such as nonlongitudinal design, inadequate sample size, biased sample

selection, lack of proper controls, and failure to account for confounding variables.‖

12 

(Cont’d) better off financially 134 (New York: Doubleday 2000); Popenoe, D., Life without father:Compelling new evidence that fatherhood and marriage are indispensable for the good of 

children and society (New York: Basic 1996). 7 See Page, M. E., & Stevens, A. H., Understanding racial differences in the economic costs of 

growing up in a single-parent family, DEMOGRAPHY 42, 75-90 (2005); Musick, K., & Mare, R.D., Family structure, intergenerational mobility, and the reproduction of poverty: Evidence for increasing polarization?, DEMOGRAPHY 41, 629-648 (2004); Rank, M. R., & Hirshl, T. A., Theeconomic risk of childhood in America: Estimating the probability of poverty across the formative years, JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 61, 1058-1067 (1999); see alsoAkerlof, G., Men without children, ECONOMIC JOURNAL 298 (1998).8 See Ellis, B. J., et al., Does father absence place daughters at special risk for early sexual

activity and teenage pregnancy?, CHILD DEVELOPMENT 818 (2003).9 See Flewelling, R.L. & Bauman, K.E., Family Structure as a Predictor of Initial Substance

Use and Sexual Intercourse in Early Adolescence, JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 52,171-81 (1990). 10

Wilcox, W. B., et al., Why marriage matters, NEW YORK:  INSTITUTE FOR AMERICAN VALUES 28 (2d ed. 2005); Waite, L., Does marriage matter? DEMOGRAPHY , 32, 483-507 ...9(1995).11 Blankenhorn, D., The Future of Marriage 175 (2007).12

Trumbull, D.A. et al., Letter to the Editor: The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and DomesticPartnership Laws on the Health and Well-Being of Children: In Reply, Pediatrics 118, 2261-64(2006); See also, Nock, S. L., Sworn affidavit of Stephen Lowell Nock . Ontario Superior Court of Justice. Between Hedy Halpern et al. and the Attorney General of Canada et al.: Court File No. 684/0(2001); Lerner, R., & Nagai, A, No basis: What the studies don’t tell us about same-sex parenting.Washington, DC: Marriage Law Project (2001).

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4PETITION AND BRIEF AMICI CURIAE OF PROFESSORS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANTS

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW 

Even if these studies were sound, however, we would still support sustaining the traditional

definition of marriage as the union of a man and a woman. For heterosexual marriage to be effective,

it must be socially encouraged and legally advocated. The institution thus deserves society’s privilege

and protection, and changing its nature from the unique union of a man and a woman to a partnership

of any two adults may weaken it, leading to more children being exposed to the risks of being raised

in non-intact homes. As advocates for what is best for children, we support the people of California

in their decision to preserve traditional marriage.

CONCLUSION

For heterosexual marriage to be effective, it must be socially encouraged and legally advocated.

The institution thus deserves society’s privilege and protection, and changing its nature from the

unique union of a man and a woman to a partnership of any two adults may weaken it, leading to

more children being exposed to the risks of being raised in non-intact homes. As advocates for what

is best for children, we support the people of California in their decision to preserve traditional

marriage.

Dated: January 8, 2010

Respectfully submitted,

  /s/ Kevin T. Snider_____________

KEVIN T. SNIDERPACIFIC JUSTICE INSTITUTE [email protected] 9

thSt. Suite 208

Oakland, CA 94607Tel. (510) 834-7232Fax (510) 834-8784

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[PROPOSED] ORDER ON MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF

OF AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT-INTERVENORS –  

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

Kevin T. Snider, SBN 170988Counsel of Record 

PACIFIC JUSTICE INSTITUTE [email protected] 9

thSt. Suite 208

Oakland, CA 94607Tel. (510) 834-7232

Fax (510)

Garland NagyCOOPER & KIRK 

ATTORNEYS FOR PROPOSED AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS 

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

KRISTIN M. PERRY, SANDRA B. STIER, PAUL

T. KATAMI, and JEFFREY J. ZARRILLO,

Plaintiffs,

CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO,

Plaintiff-Intervenor,

v.

ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, in his official

capacity as Governor of California; EDMUND G.BROWN, JR., in his official capacity as Attorney

General of California; MARK B. HORTON, in hisofficial capacity as Director of the California

Department of Public Health and State Registrar of 

Vital Statistics; LINETTE SCOTT, in her official

capacity as Deputy Director of Health Information& Strategic Planning for the California Department

of Public Health; PATRICK O’CONNELL, in his

official capacity as Clerk-Recorder for the Countyof Alameda; and DEAN C. LOGAN, in his official

capacity as Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk forthe County of Los Angeles,

Defendants,

and

PROPOSITION 8 OFFICIAL PROPONENTSDENNIS HOLLINGSWORTH, GAIL J.

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

[PROPOSED] ORDER ON MOTIONFOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OFAMICUS CURIAE AMERICANCOLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS INSUPPORT OF DEFENDANT-INTERVENORS

Date: (To be determined by the Court)Time:Location: Courtroom 6, 17th FloorJudge: Chief Judge Vaughn R. Walker

Trial Date: January 11, 2010

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[PROPOSED] ORDER ON MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF

OF AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT-INTERVENORS –  

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

KNIGHT, MARTIN F. GUTIERREZ, HAK-SHING WILLIAM TAM, and MARK A.JANSSON; and PROTECTMARRIAGE.COM –  YES ON 8, A PROJECT OF CALIFORNIARENEWAL,

Defendants-Intervenors.

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[PROPOSED] ORDER ON MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF

OF AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT-INTERVENORS –  CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

Good cause appearing, the Motion of  Amicus Curiae American College of Pediatricians for

leave to file a brief in support of Defendant-Intervenors is hereby GRANTED.

Dated: _____________ ___, 2010.

HON. VAUGHN R. WALKER 

UNITED STATES CHIEF DISTRICT JUDGE 

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DECLARATION OF SERVICE

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

Kevin T. Snider, SBN 170988PACIFIC JUSTICE INSTITUTE [email protected] 9th St. Suite 208Oakland, CA 94607Tel. (510) 834-7232Fax (510) 834-8784

ATTORNEY FOR PROPOSED AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICIANS 

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

KRISTIN M. PERRY, SANDRA B. STIER,PAUL T. KATAMI, and JEFFREY J.

ZARRILLO,

Plaintiffs,

v.

ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, in his official

capacity as Governor of California; EDMUNDG. BROWN, JR., in his official capacity as

Attorney General of California; MARK B.

HORTON, in his official capacity as Director of 

the California Department of Public Health andState Registrar of Vital Statistics; LINETTE

SCOTT, in her official capacity as Deputy

Director of Health Information & StrategicPlanning for the California Department of Public

Health; PATRICK O’CONNELL, in his official

capacity as Clerk-Recorder for the County of Alameda; and DEAN C. LOGAN, in his official

capacity as Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk for

the County of Los Angeles,

Defendants,

and

PROPOSITION 8 OFFICIAL PROPONENTSDENNIS HOLLINGSWORTH, GAIL J.KNIGHT, MARTIN F. GUTIERREZ, HAK-SHING WILLIAM TAM, and MARK A.JANSSON; and PROTECTMARRIAGE.COM –  

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

DECLARATION OF SERVICE

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DECLARATION OF SERVICE

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

YES ON 8, A PROJECT OF CALIFORNIARENEWAL,

Defendant-Intervenors.

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DECLARATION OF SERVICE

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

DECLARATION OF SERVICE

I, Kevin T. Snider, declare as follows:

I am employed in the State of California; I am over the age of eighteen years and am not a partyto this action; my business address is 212 9th St. Suite 208, Oakland, CA 94607.

On January 8, 2010, I served the following document(s):

1. Motion for Leave to File Brief of  Amicus Curiae American College of Pediatricians;

2. [PROPOSED] Order; and

3.  Amicus Curiae Brief in Support of Defendant-Intervenors

on the parties stated below by the following means of service:

Kenneth C. Mennemeier

Andrew W. StroudMENNEMEIER, GLASSMAN & STROUD LLP980 9th Street, Suite 1700Sacramento, CA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 

 Attorneys for the Administration Defendants 

Gordon Burns

Tamar PachterOFFICE OF THE ATTORNEYGENERAL1300 I Street, Suite 125P.O Box. 944255Sacramento, CA [email protected] [email protected] 

 Attorneys for Defendant Attorney General Edmund G. Brown, Jr. 

Dennis J. HerreraTherese M. StewartOFFICE OF THE CITY ATTORNEYCity Hall, Room 234One Dr. Carlon B. Goodlett PlaceSan Francisco, California [email protected]  [email protected]  [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 

[email protected]  [email protected] 

 Attorneys for Plaintiff-Intervenor City and Countyof San Francisco

Elizabeth M. CortezJudy W. WhitehurtsTHE OFFICE OF CITY COUNSEL648 Kenneth Hahn Hall of Administration500 West Temple StreetLos Angeles, CA 90012-2713 [email protected]  

 Attorneys for Defendant Dean C. Logan Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk, Countyof Los Angeles

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DECLARATION OF SERVICE

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

Richard E. WinnieBrian E. WashingtonClaude F. KolmManuel F. MartinezTHE OFFICE OF CITY COUNSEL1221 Oak Street, Suite 450Oakland, California 94612

[email protected]  [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 

 Attorneys for Defendant Patrick O’Connell  Clerk Recorder of the County of Alameda 

Ted OlsonMatthew McGillAmir TayraniGIBSON, DUNN & CRUTCHER LLP1050 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.Washington, DC 20036-5306T: (202) 955-8500

F: (202) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 

Theodore Boustrous, Jr.Christopher DusseaultTheane Kapur

GIBSON, DUNN & CRUTCHER LLP333 South Grand AvenueLos Angeles, CA 90072-1512T: (213) 229-7000F: (213) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 

Ethan DettmerEnrique MonagasGIBSON, DUNN & CRUTCHER LLP555 Mission Street, Suite 3000San Francisco, CA 94105T: (415) 393-8200

F: (415) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 

Theodore UnoBOIES, SCHILLER & FLEXNER LLP1999 Harrison Street, Suite 900Oakland, CA 94612T: (510) 874-1000F: (510) 874-1460

 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]  [email protected] 

 Attorneys for Plaintiff Kristin M. Perry

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DECLARATION OF SERVICE

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

James A Campbell 15100 N. 90th StreetScottsdale, AZ 85260

(480)444-0020

480-444-0028 (fax) [email protected] 

 Attorneys for Defendant-Intervenor 

Timothy D Chandler Alliance Defense Fund

101 Parkshore Dr., Suite 100Folsom, CA 95630

916-932-2850

[email protected] 

 Attorneys for Defendant-Intervenor  

Matthew Albert Coles ACLU LGBT & AIDS Project

125 Broad St.

New York, NY 10004212-549-2624

[email protected] 

 Attorneys for Plaintiff-Intervenor 

Charles J. Cooper 

Cooper & Kirk 1523 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W.

Washington, DC 20036

202-220-9600

202-220-9601 (fax)[email protected] 

 Attorneys for Defendant-Intervenor  

Jon Warren Davidson Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund

3325 Wilshire Blvd Ste 1300Los Angeles, CA 90010

(213) 382-7600, ext. 229

 [email protected] 

 Attorneys for Plaintiff-Intervenor 

James Dixon Esseks ACLU Foundation

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DECLARATION OF SERVICE

CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW

2 Charlton St #14H

New York, NY 10014212-549-2623

 [email protected] 

 Attorneys for Plaintiff-Intervenor 

Jeremy Michael Goldman Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP

1999 Harrison Street

Suite 900

Oakland, CA 94612510-874-1000

510-874-1460 (fax)

 [email protected] 

 Attorneys for Plaintiff 

Charles Salvatore LiMandri Law Offices of Charles S. LiMandri

P.O. Box 9120

Rancho Santa Fe, CA 92067(858) 759-9930

(858) 759-9938 (fax)

[email protected] 

 Attorneys for Plaintiff 

Andrew Perry Pugno Law Offices of Andrew P Pugno

101 Parkshore Dr #100

Folsom, CA 95630-4726

[email protected] 

 Attorneys for Defendant-Intervenor  

Terry Lee Thompson Terry L. Thompson, Attorney at Law

P.O. Box 1346

Alamo, CA 94507925/855-1507

[email protected]  

 Attorneys for Defendant-Intervenor  

BY ELECTRONIC FILING: I caused the foregoing document to be filed electronically with theClerk of Court through ECF, and ECF will send an e-notice of the electronic filing to the attorneys

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of record at the email addresses listed above.

I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct, and that thisDeclaration was executed in Oakland on January 8, 2010.

s/ Kevin T. Snider_____________KEVIN T. SNIDER

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