3000-525 bc zagricultural revolution zdevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
3000-525 BC
Agricultural revolutionDevelopment of the fundamental math of
surveying,engineering and commerceMath started with arithmetic (algebra) and
measurement (geometry)
![Page 2: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chinese and Indians
Difficult to date discoveriesUsed perishable media like bark and
bambooBabylonians used baked clay tabletsEgyptians used stone and papyrus
![Page 3: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Babylonians
Tablets were a few square inches to the size of a text
400 math tablets foundHigh level of computation200 tablets were math tables
![Page 4: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Math Tables
Table of reciprocalsTable of squaresTable of cubesBusiness transactionsFarm activitiesHigh level of computational ability
![Page 5: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Babylonian algebra
Solved quadratic equationsApproximated square root of 2
![Page 6: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Babylonian Geometry
Chief feature its algebraic characterDivided circle into 360 equal partsRelated to measurementArea of a rectangleArea of a right triangleArea of an isosceles triangleVolume of a rectangular solid
![Page 7: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Babylonian tablet
![Page 8: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Plimpton 322
#322 in Plimpton collection at Columbia University
Piece broken off3 columns of figuresPythagorean tripleIntegral-sided right triangle
![Page 9: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Summary
Babylonians were table makers, computers of high level,and stronger in Algebra than in Geometry
![Page 10: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Egypt
![Page 11: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Papyrus
![Page 12: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Egypt
Remained secluded and naturally protected from foreign invasion
Math in Egypt never reached the level attained by Babylonians
Nile relatively peacefulEgypt not on caravan routesMore known due to preservation in tombs
![Page 13: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Moscow Papyrus 1850BC
![Page 14: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Moscow Papyrus 1850BC
18 feet long and 3 inches highMath text containing 25 problems
![Page 15: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Rhind papyrus
http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/
![Page 16: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Rhind papyrus 1650 BC
Math text in the form of a practical handbook
85 problems18 feet long and 13 inches highApplications of math to practical problems
![Page 17: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Egyptian Arithmetic and Algebra
All 110 problems on Moscow and Rhind papyri are numerical
Method of multiplying and dividingRule of False position
![Page 18: 3000-525 BC zAgricultural revolution zDevelopment of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce zMath started with arithmetic (algebra)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0121a28abf838ccc47d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Egyptian Geometry
26 problems were geometricMeasurement computing land area and
granary volumesArea of trianglesNo evidence that the Egyptians were
aware of the Pythagorean Theorem !