30. july 2015 aarhus universitet governing factors and implications of spatially varying drinking...
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30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET
GOVERNING FACTORS AND IMPLICATIONS OF
SPATIALLY VARYING DRINKING WATER IODINE
CONCENTRATIONS
DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
picture: www.halusky.co.uk
MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET
Chaosheng Zhang (NUI Galway, Ireland), Jörg Schullehner & Lisbeth Flindt Jørgensen (GEUS)
Nikoline Nygård Knudsen & Annette Kjær Ersbøll (University of Southern Denmark)
Project, Funding, Participants
SLIDE 2
(2011-2014)
Gardner Research Grant & Student Travelling Grant
Other collaborations
MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET
Iodine…
… plays an essential role in human
metabolism and the early development [1]
… deficiency is the single most important
preventable cause of brain damage [2]
… recommended daily intake:150 µg for
adults, 250 µg in pregnancy and lactation [1]
… intake is insufficient for about 44% of the
population in WHO Europe region [3]
SLIDE 3
[1] WHO, Iodine Deficiency in Europe: A continuing public health problem, M. Andersson, et al., Editors. 2007, World Health Organization, UNICEF: France. p. 1-86.[2] WHO, Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. – 3rd ed., 2007, World Health Organization: Switzerland p. 97.[3] Zimmermann, M.B. and Andersson, M., Update on iodine status worldwide. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, 2012. 19(5): p. 382-387.[4] Pedersen, A.N., Fagt, S., Groth, M.V., Christensen, T., Biltoft-Jensen, A., Matthiessen, J., Andersen, N.L., Kørup, K., Hartkopp, H., Ygil, K.H., Hinsch, H.J., Saxholt, E., and Trolle, E., Danskernes kostvaner 2003 - 2008, 2010, DTU Fødevareinstituttet. p. 1-200
25%
[4]
MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET
Objectives & Data
› To map iodine in Danish DW and GW
› To study the spatial patterns
› To elucidate the governing factors
› To connect DW quality data with health register data
SLIDE 4
Source: PhD thesis
MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET
Study design
SLIDE 5
› Criteria
› Water companies involvement
› Sampling: April-June 2013
› Samples from 144 waterworks received to the lab
Sources: Paper 2, Paper 3, PhD thesis
MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET
Results
SLIDE 6
Sources: Paper 2, PhD thesis
Total iodine == Iodide + Iodate + Organic Iodine
Concentration< d.l. to 126
µg/L
Iodine speciation, major and trace elements
MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET
average
Spatial variation of total iodine in drinking water
SLIDE 7
› How do we present it?
› Optimal conceptual model?
a) Interpolation (here IDW) *
b) East vs. West ^
c) Municipalities ^
d) Areas with similar characteristics based on Local Moraine's I analysis ^
e) Supply areas of the waterworks*
Sources: ^ Paper 2, * Paper 3
MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET
SLIDE 8
DW contribution to RNI
Source: Paper 3
Source: Paper 2
Exposure from DW
MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET
Governing factors
SLIDE 9
› Geology & hydrogeochemistry
› Groundwater treatment
› Possible effects from the treatment› Organic ↔ inorganic iodine › Iodine lost to the atmosphere (I2)› Iodine removal in the treatment
against ferrous iron
Sources: Paper 2, PhD thesis
MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET
Iodine in Danish groundwater (brief summary)
› Heterogeneous spatial distribution at …… national scale… local scale… different depths of the same
well/aquifer
› Elevated iodine concentrations … … predominantly at depths >40 m.b.t… in samples of GW older than 25 years
(>27µg/L) … associated with reduced and alkaline GWs… related to the marine origin of the aquifers
› Site and depth specific factors
SLIDE 10
Sources: Paper 1, PhD thesis
MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET
3
SLIDE 11
2
1
For further detail:
MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET
Perspectives
SLIDE 12
Jörg Schullehner (11:20, Thursday)
Nitrate in drinking water & gastrointestinal cancers
Nikoline Knudsen(9:20, Friday)
Lithium in drinking water & suicide
?Unique opportunity for:
-> register based studies-> public health + drinking water-> beneficial/adverse effects
Birgitte Hansen (10:00, Th.)
MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA
30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
Wyoming Center for EnvironmentalHydrology and Geophysics (WyCEHG)University of Wyoming
@DenitzaV
BLOG: water-research.info
Denitza Voutchkova